bangla book review brac part 2 - goutamroy.com

BRAC Research Report

August 2008

cªv_wgK ¯—‡ii †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb ch©v‡jvPbv

LÊ `yB: eª¨vKcÖYxZ evsjv eB I wk¶K mnvwqKv I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY

†MŠZg ivqk¨vgjx AvKeiRyuB RywW_ M‡gR

BRAC Centre, 75 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, BangladeshTel: 9881265, 8824180-7 (PABX), Fax: 88-02-8823542

Email: [email protected]: www.bracresearch.org

EDUCATION

cÖv_wgK ¯—‡ii †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb ch©v‡jvPbv LÊ `yB: eª vKcÖYxZ evsjv eB I wk¶K mnvwqKv I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY

†MŠZg ivq k¨vgjx AvKei RyuB RywW_ M‡gR

AvM÷ 2008

M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefvM eª vK †m›Uvi, 75 gnvLvjx XvKv 1212, evsjv‡`k

B-‡gBj: [email protected], www.brac.net/research

†Uwj‡dvb: 9881265, d¨v·: 8823542, For more details about the report please contact: [email protected]

2

m~PxcÎ K…ZÁZv ¯xKvi 4 msw¶ßmvi 5 f~wgKv 6 cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv 7 cÖv_wgK wk¶v, evsjv fvlv I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv 7 M‡elYvi cUf~wg 8 M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ 9 Z_¨ we‡k−l‡Yi c×wZ 10 djvdj 11

cÖ_g †kªYx 12 wØZxq †kªYx 19 Z…Zxq †kªYx 27 Av‡jvPbv I Dcmsnvi 35

MÖš’cÄx 37

cwiwkó 38

3

mviYx mviYx 1. we‡k−lYK…Z eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvi ZvwjKv 10 mviYx 2. †kªYx Abyhvqx cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v 11 †jLwPÎ wPÎ 1: cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb 12 wPÎ 2: cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †kvbv 12 wPÎ 3: cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - ejv 14 wPÎ 4: cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - cov 16 wPÎ 5: cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †jLv 17 wPÎ 6: wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb 19 wPÎ 7: wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †kvbv 19 wPÎ 8: wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - ejv 20 wPÎ 9: wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - cov 23 wPÎ 10: wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †jLv 24 wPÎ 11: Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb 27 wPÎ 12: Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †kvbv 27 wPÎ 13: Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - ejv 29 wPÎ 14: Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - cov 31 wPÎ 15: Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †jLv 32

4

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G M‡elYvKv‡R hviv cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb, M‡elKe„›` Zuv‡ì mevi Kv‡Q K…ZÁ| we‡kl K‡i eª vK wk¶v Kg©m~wP †_‡K GB M‡elYvKv‡R wewfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ mswk−ó mevB‡K Avš—wiK abëv` Rvbvw”Q| wewfbœ wel‡q mg‡q mg‡q civgk© I wb‡`©kbvi Rb¨ Avgiv M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefv‡Mi cwiPvjK W. Bgivb gwZb‡K abëv` Rvbv‡Z PvB| M‡elYvi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— wewfbœ ch©v‡q mwµq mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ wmwbqi wimvP© †d‡jv I wk¶vM‡elYv wefv‡Mi mgšqKvix mgxi iÄb bv_‡KI abëv` Rvbvw”Q| Av‡iv abëv` Rvbvw”Q nvmvb kixd Avn‡g` I AvjZvgvm cvkv‡K, hv‡ì m¤úv`bvq evbvb I evK¨MZ A‡bK mgm¨v `~i Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk abëv` Rvbvw”Q Avgv‡ì mnKg©x‡ì we‡kl K‡i †bvUb P›`ª `Ë, widvZ Avd‡ivR, †gv. Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb I gvgybyi iwk`‡K, hv‡ì Drmvn I civgk© Avgv‡ì wewfbœfv‡e DcK…Z K‡i‡Q| M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefvM eª v‡Ki g~j dvÛ, `vZvms ’v, wewfbœ ms¯’v Ges wewfbœ †`‡ki miKvi †_‡K mnvqZvcÖvß| eZ©gv‡b eª vK Ges M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefvM‡K mvnvh¨Kvix ms¯’v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvMv Lvb dvD‡Ûkb KvbvWv, AUSAID, eª vK BDwbfvwm©wU, wmGGd-Av‡gwiKv, MYmv¶iZv Awfhvb, KvbvwWqvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Wfjc‡g›U G‡RwÝ, Kjw¤qv BDwbfvwm©wU (BDGmG), W¨vwbk B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Wfjc‡g›U G‡RwÝ, wWB‡KG Ggvi‡RÝ GbvwR© (BDGmG), wWcvU©‡g›U di B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Wfjc‡g›U (wWGdAvBwW) Ae BD‡K, †WbgvK© `~Zvevm, Rvcvb `~Zvevm, BD‡ivwcqvb Kwgkb, wd‡Wwjm d«vÝ, `¨ †M−vevj dvÛ, evsjv‡`k miKvi, Bbw÷wUDU Ae †W‡fjc‡g›U ÷vwWR (mv‡m·, BD‡K), B›Uvi-†KvAcv‡ikb evsjv‡`k, Rvcvb B›Uvib¨vkbvj Ki‡cv‡ikb G‡RwÝ, K¨vUvwj÷ evsjv‡`k, j¨vÛ I †jKm (BDGmG), †Kv‡Rv dvD‡Ûkb BbKi‡cv‡ikb, †bvivW, †bvwfe, A·dvg Av‡gwiKv, A·‡dvW© cwjwm g¨v‡bR‡g›U wjwg‡UW, c− vb B›Uvib¨vkbvj evsjv‡`k, `¨ ccy‡jkb KvDwÝj (BDGmG), iK‡djvi dvD‡Ûkb, †ivUvwi B›Uvib¨vkbvj, Gge¨vwm Ae `¨ wKsWg Ae †b`vij¨vÛm, iq¨vj biI‡qwRqvb ~Zvevm, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb (BD‡K), †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb (BDGmG), wmWv, ÷¨vb‡dvW© †gwWK¨vj, myBm †W‡fjc‡g›U †Kvcv‡ikb, BDGjwR b`©vg‡eªb, BDwb‡md, BDwbfvwm©wU Ae g¨vb‡P÷vi (BD‡K), Iqvì© e¨vsK, Iqvì© wdk †m›Uvi, Ges Iqvì© dzW †cÖvMÖvg|

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msw¶ßmvi G M‡elYvq D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- cÖv_wgK —‡ii evsjv wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvmg~n eª vKcÖYxZ cvV¨eB, Míavivi eB Ges wk¶K mnvwqKvq KZUzKz I Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv ch©‡e¶Y I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| cÖv_wgK —‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ ÔG‡mv cwoÕ wmwi‡Ri cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq fv‡Mi eB, Mí avivi eB Ges mswk−ó †kªYxi wk¶K mnvwqKv¸‡jv GLv‡b cÖwZ‡e`b we‡k−lY (WKz‡g›U A¨vbvjvBwmm) c×wZ‡Z ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †`Lv hvq, cÖ_g †kªYxi DcKiY¸‡jv‡Z GK-Z…Zxqvs‡kiI †ewk †hvM¨Zv †gv‡UB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| wØZxq I Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z AwaKvsk †hvM¨ZvB cy‡ivcywi ev AvswkK cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvq GbwmwUwe wba©vwiZ cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K cwigvR©b Ges bZzb K‡i web¨ — Kivi cvkvcvwk †m¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡i cvV¨eB iPbv I m¤úv`bvi mycvwik Kivi cvkvcvwk wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î wk¶K mnvwqKv‡K cwigvR©b Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|

ABSTRACT

This study is in tended to assess the reflection of each classwise attainable competencies in Bangla

textbooks published by BRAC for grade one to grade three. The study analyzed the textbooks,

storybooks and teachers guide series for primary level education named ‘Eso Pori’ through document

reviews process. Based on content, direction and examples found in the books, the classwise

attainable competencies are classified on three groups- ‘totally reflected’, ‘partly reflected’ and ‘not

reflected’. It was found that around one-fourth of the competencies were totally reflected on class 1 materials. More than one-third of the competencies were totally reflected on class 2 materials. Around

half of the competencies were partly reflected on class 3 materials. Study findings suggested more

attention needed to reform and rearrange the content of the textbooks according to the terminal and

classwise attainable competencies.

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f~wgKv gvby‡li cuvPwU †gŠwjK Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ GKwU n‡”Q wk¶v| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU —‡iB wk¶vi cÖfve j¶Yxq| G wk¶v w¯’i †Kv‡bv welq bq; eis mg‡qi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wbZ¨bZzb Pvwn`vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L wk¶veë¯’vqI cwieZ©b Avm‡Q cÖwZwbqZ| GKmgq G Dcgnv‡`‡k †Uvj, g³e, gv`ªvmv Pvjy _vK‡jI †m¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk cvðvZ¨ auv‡Pi wk¶veë¯’v weªwUk kvmbKv‡j Pvjy nq Ges Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡q D‡V| evsjv‡`k ¯vaxb nIqvi ci wewfbœ mg‡q wk¶v‡¶‡Î bvbv cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q| G cwieZ©‡bi †Kv‡bvwU G‡m‡Q ivóªxq g~jbxwZ cwieZ©‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e, †Kv‡bvwU G‡m‡Q eZ©gvb cÖhyw³i DrK‡l©i m~Î a‡i, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU G‡m‡Q mgv‡Ri Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv‡K †K› ª K‡i| †h †Kv‡bv —‡ii wk¶veë ’vq wk¶Y-wkLb Kg©Kv‡Ê wk¶v_©xi wbR¯ Pvwn`v, we‡ePbv, †gŠwjKZv, Kíbv I m„Rbkw³i cÖKvk GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| G welq¸‡jv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i †Kv‡bv —‡iB wk¶veë¯’v Kvh©Ki Kiv hvq bv| d‡j wk¶veë¯’vi Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡Z gvby‡li cyi‡bv AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wk¶veë¯’v mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B hv‡Z wk¶v_©xi Kv‡Q MÖnYxq n‡q D‡V, †mB †Póv Kiv n‡”Q cÖwZwbqZ| wk¶v_©x wn‡m‡e wkïi g~j Pvwn`v Kx? GKwU Avb›`gq wkLb cwi‡ek| wKš‘ †hLv‡b GKmgq Avgv‡ì †`‡ki AwaKvsk wk¶v_©xB cov‡jLv Kivi my‡hvM †c‡Zv bv, †mLv‡b Avb›`gq cwi‡ek wQ‡jv `~‡ii K_v| d‡j cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi wk¶vjv‡fi AwaKv‡ii welqwUB ¸i“Z¡ †c‡q‡Q mevi Av‡M| 1990 mv‡j _vBj¨v‡Ûi RgwZ‡q‡b (Jomtien) AbywôZ wek¦ wk¶v m‡¤§jb †_‡K 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi me †`‡k Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ wbwðZ Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| evsjv‡`kI †m AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| miKvi eva¨Zvg~jK cÖv_wgK wk¶v AvBb (1990) cvk K‡i Ges 1992 mv‡j cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶vq we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avjv`v cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq MVb Kiv nq| wk¶vq †g‡q‡ì AwaK AskMÖn‡Yi j‡¶¨ MÖvgxY GjvKvq †g‡q‡ì covïbv Aóg †kªYx ch©š— A‰eZwbK †NvlYv Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk miKvi 1992 mv‡j ÔmgwšZ DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v we¯—vi (Integrated Non-formal Education Programme - INFEP)Õ bv‡g GKwU cÖKí ev¯—evq‡bi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ G DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kvh©µg‡K ¯’vqx mvsMVwbK KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ 1995 mv‡j ÔDcvbyôvwbK wk¶v Awa`ßi (Directorate of Non-formal

Education - DNFE) MVb Kiv nq| g~jZ Zzjbvg~jK eq¯‹, S‡i cov Ges AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ‡ì Rb¨ G D‡`¨M MÖnY Kiv nq| 1995 mv‡j miKvi Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ RvZxq Kg©cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i| G cwiKíbvq hv‡Z 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_©x fwZ© 95 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Kiv, S‡i covi nvi 30 kZvs‡k bvwg‡q Avbv Ges mv¶iZvi nvi 62 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Kivi †NvlYv †Ìqv nq| wk¶v_©x fwZ© nvi e„w× Ges S‡i covi w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`k D‡j−L‡hvM¨ mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| miKv‡ii AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi ms¯’v I †¯”Qv‡mex msMVb¸‡jv DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v ev —evq‡bi gva¨‡g G j¶¨ AR©‡b GwM‡q Av‡m| Zviv cÖv_wgK wk¶vi Dc‡hvMx eq‡m †hme wkï Avw_©K I Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y we`¨vj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv ev cÖv_wgK wk¶v †kl Kivi Av‡MB we`¨vjq †_‡K S‡i hvq, †mme `wi`ª wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I eq¯‹ †jvK‡ì DcvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wk¶vi wØZxq my‡hvM w`‡q †`k‡K wbi¶iZvgy³ Kivi cÖ‡PóvI MÖnY K‡i| †`‡k mvwe©Kfv‡e wk¶vi nvi evov‡Z Ges mevi Rb¨ wk¶v wbwðZ Ki‡Z Zv‡ì Kg©KvÊ GKwU eo f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| bvbvb D‡`¨vM m‡Ë¡I 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨ c„w_exi AwaKvsk †`kB †m j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| evsjv‡`kI Gi evB‡i bq| d‡j 2000 mv‡j WvKv‡i AbywôZ wek¦ wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cybivq Ômevi Rb¨ wk¶vÕ wbwðZ Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq Ges wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ hv‡Z j¶¨ c~iY Kiv hvq †mRb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY Kivi K_v ejv nq| we‡klfv‡e wk¶v‡K ¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ Gi ¸YMZ w`KwUi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk wKQz MÖnY‡hvM¨ cwigvcK we‡kl K‡i mv¶iZv, MvwYwZK `¶Zv I Rxeb `¶Zv hvPvB Kiv‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q G‡K QqwU j‡¶ï GKwU wn‡m‡e Aš—f©y³ Kiv nq|

7

GKBmv‡_ wkïi cov‡jLv‡K Avb›``vqK I ¯v”Q›`¨gq Kivi IciI ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv nq ¯’vbxq ch©vq †_‡K| wkïi wk¶v‡K Avb›``vqK I ¯v”Q›`¨gq Kivi GKwU Dcvq n‡jv gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g wk¶v`vb| gvZ…fvlvq wk¶vjvf Kiv cÖwZwU wkïi †gŠwjK AwaKvi| gvZ„fvlvq GKRb gvbyl †hfv‡e wb‡R‡K mvejxjfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mwU Ab¨ fvlvi gva¨‡g m¤¢e bq| ZvQvov welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM Ges Kvh©Ki wk¶Y-wkLb cwi‡e‡k K_v we‡ePbv Ki‡jI gvZ…fvlvi ¸i“Z¡ A‡bK| d‡j cÖwZwU wkï Aš—Z cÖv_wgK —‡i gvZ…fvlvq wk¶vjvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eÑ G welqwU wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡Póv †`Lv hvq me‡¶‡ÎB| evsjv‡`‡k msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li gvZ…fvlv evsjv| GQvov wewfbœ ¶z ª RvwZmË¡vi wbR¯^ fvlv i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K wkïiB wb‡Ri fvlvq cov‡jLv Kivi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k GZw`b wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv eëüZ n‡jI mv¤cÖwZK mg‡q ¶z ª RvwZmË¡vi wbR¯^ fvlvq wk¶v`v‡bi Ici ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡ì gvZ…fvlv evsjv, Zviv cÖv_wgK ch©vq †_‡K evsjv welqwU co‡Q fvlv`¶Zv Ges mvwn‡Zï Abyl½ wn‡m‡e| cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv †h †Kv‡bv wk¶veë¯’vi GKwU wbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ _v‡K, _v‡K AR©b‡hvM¨ wKQz m~PK| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k 1988 mv‡ji Av‡M cÖv_wgK wk¶vq j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡jI AR©b‡hvM¨ m~PK wbw`©ó Kiv wQ‡jv bv| wk¶v gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW© ev GbwmwUwe 1988 mv‡j me©cÖ_g 53wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY K‡i (cwiwkó 1)| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K †eÄvwgb e−y‡gi gZev` Abyhvqx wZbwU †Wv‡gBb ev †¶‡Î fvM Kiv hvqÑÁvbg~jK (Cognitive), wek¦vm-g‡bvfvegyjK (Affective) I `¶Zv-Af¨vmgyjK (Psychomotor)| Gi g‡a¨ 13wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv ÁvbgyjK, QqwU wek¦vm-g‡bvfveg~jK Ges 13wU `¶Zv-Af¨vmg~jK (GWy‡Kkb IqvP 2000)| evwK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv GKvwaK †Wv‡gB‡bi mgwó (cwiwkó 2)| cieZ©x mg‡q A_©vr 2000 mv‡j cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K cwigvR©b K‡i 50wU Kiv nq (cwiwkó 3), hwÌ G¸‡jv‡Z c~‡e© Kiv g~j 53wU †hvM¨ZvB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv nq, cuvP wk¶ve‡l©i cÖv_wgK wk¶v m¤úbœ Kivi ci wk¶v_©xiv G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| cÖv_wgK —‡ii Rb¨ cÖYxZ G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi ZvwjKv †_‡K welqmswk−ó cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv kbv³ K‡i cÖwZwU wel‡qi Pvwn`v Abymv‡i welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv nq| GQvov welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv‡K wfwË K‡i †kªYx I welqwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv nq| G †kªYx I welqwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv me©vwaK wbw ©óK…Z I Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ¯úó| GKRb wk¶v_©x cÖv_wgK —‡i GK †kªYx †_‡K Ab¨ †kªYx‡Z DËi‡Yi ci cÖwZwU welq †_‡K Kx Kx welqe¯‘ wkL‡e, Rvb‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e, †m¸‡jv G‡Z wbw`©ó Kiv i‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK —‡ii wk¶vµg-KvVv‡gvi AvIZvfy³ 12wU wel‡qi Rb¨ G †kªYxwfwËK I welqwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wbw`©ó Kiv Av‡Q| welq¸‡jv n‡”QÑ evsjv, MwYZ, Bs‡iwR, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ-mgvR, cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ-weÁvb, Bmjvg wk¶v, wn›`y ag©, †eŠ× ag©, wLª÷ ag©, kvixwiK wk¶v, Pvi“ I Kvi“ Kjv Ges msMxZ| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK wk¶v¯—i AvewZ©Z n‡”Q G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB| wk¶vµg I wk¶vm¤úwK©Z DcKiY, wk¶K wb‡`©wkKv BZ¨vw` mewKQzB cÖYxZ n‡”Q cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| hwÌ cÖv_wgK wk¶v —‡ii Rb¨ cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q 1988 mv‡j, wKš‘ G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv Abymv‡i iwPZ cvV¨cy —K miKvwi I †emiKvwi wk¶vcÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z Pvjy nq 1992 mvj †_‡K| A_©vr wk‡¶vcKiY wn‡m‡e cvV¨cy —‡K cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi cÖwZdjb ïi“ nq ZLb †_‡K (ivq 2008)|

cÖv_wgK wk¶v, evsjv fvlv I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv

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8

evsjv‡`‡ki msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li gvZ…fvlv evsjv| d‡j wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e wk¶vi wewfbœ —‡i g~jZ evsjv fvlv eëüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| cÖv_wgK wk¶v —‡i wk¶vi gva¨g wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlv we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| KviY GB mgqwU‡Z wkïi gvbwmK weKvk N‡U Lye `ª“Z Ges Zvi mvgvwRKvq‡bi cÖwµqvwUI ZLb †_‡KB †Rviv‡jvfv‡e ïi“ nq| gvZ…fvlv evsjvq wk¶vMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wkï †hgb wewfbœ welqe¯‘i m‡½ cwiwPZ nq, †Zgwb G fvlvq Zvi cÖKvk`¶ZvI evo‡Z _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y evsjv GKwU Avjv`v welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nIqvi cvkvcvwk GwU fvlvMZ `¶Zve„w×i KvRI K‡i _v‡K| fvlvi PviwU `¶ZvÑ †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv| evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK wk¶v —‡ii wk¶vµ‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì GB PviwU fvlv`¶Zvi Ici ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK wk¶v —i †k‡l wk¶v_©xiv cÖv_wgK —‡i evsjv fvlvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zvmg~n AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| wk¶v_©xiv Aš—Zc‡¶ A‡bï cÖwgZ PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z ejv K_v ï‡b g‡bi fve eyS‡Z cvi‡e; ï×, ¯úó, cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e; gyw`ªZ cÎcwÎKv eBcy —K, weÁvcb weÁwß, nv‡Zi †jLv wPwVcÎ, `wjj `¯—v‡eR c‡o eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges ¯úó †evaMg¨fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q evsjvi Rb¨ †h bqwU D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡K wfwË a‡i †kvbvi Rb¨ wZbwU, ejvi PviwU, covi PviwU I †jLvi cuvPwU welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q (cwiwkó 4)| GB cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K Avevi †kªYx Abyhvqx AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq wbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †`Lv hvq, cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †gvU 39wU, wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ 42wU, Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ 41wU, PZz_© I cÂg †kªYxi Rb¨ h_vµ‡g 35wU I 37wU †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q (ivq 2008)| M‡elYvi cUf~wg

1992 mvj †_‡K mviv‡`‡k cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨ZvwfwËK cvV¨cy —K Pvjy Kiv n‡j cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqb eë ’vi D‡`¨vM †bIqv nq wb A‡bKw`b ch©š—| eª vK-cwiPvwjZ we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡ZI GKB KvwiKzjvg AbymiY Kiv n‡jI †mLv‡bI 2000 mv‡ji c~e© ch©š— G ai‡bi †Kv‡bv g~j¨vqb eë¯’v cÖPwjZ wQ‡jv bv| me©cÖ_g 2000 mv‡j GWy‡Kkb IqvP M‡elYv †_‡K cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi †h D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq, Zvi Afx¶v-DcKiY eënvi K‡i eª vK M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefvM cÖwZ eQi eª vK cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq †_‡K cÂg †kªYx DËxY© nIqv wk¶v_©x‡ì cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi AR©b hvPvB K‡i| GB hvPvB‡qi djvd‡ji gva¨‡g eª vK we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖv_wgK wk¶v m¤úbœKvix wk¶v_©x‡ì AwR©Z Ávb m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| †`Lv †M‡Q, Lye Kg wk¶v_©xB Afx¶vi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ 27wU †hvM¨Zvi me¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÂg †kªYxi wk¶v_©x‡ì m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv †M‡jI g~j¨vq‡bi w`K w`‡q Ab¨ †kªYx¸‡jv ZvB †hvM¨ZvwfwËK g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi evB‡iB †_‡K hvq| ZvQvov cÖwZwU †kªYxi Rb¨ †h AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wbw`©ó Kiv Av‡Q, Zv G g~j¨vqb eë¯’v Øviv cwigvc Kiv m¤¢e bq| d‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi AR©b m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv aviYv cvIqv hvq bv| Gi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i bZzb GKwU g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyf~Z nq| Zv‡Z cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi cvkvcvwk †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMxi cÖwZwU‡K a‡i GKwU Afx¶v-DcKiY ˆZwi Kiv nq Ges G mgqB eª vKcÖYxZ cvVävivi eB, Mí avivi eB Ges wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z Av‡jvP¨ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Ges KZUzKz mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q, Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi wm×vš— †bIqv nq| hvi djkÖ“wZ‡Z G M‡elYvwU m¤úbœ Kiv nq|

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Z‡e cy‡iv KvRwU Kivi mgq eª vK eB‡qi cvkvcvwk RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW© ev GbwmwUwecÖYxZ eB¸‡jvI ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq Ges †mLv‡bI †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb Kxfv‡e n‡q‡Q, Zv we‡k−lY Kiv nq| G we‡k−l‡Yi djvdj‡K †K›`ª K‡i Avjv`v GKwU c~Y©v½ M‡elYv wi‡cvU©I cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨

G M‡elYvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, cÖv_wgK —‡ii evsjv wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvmg~n eª vKcÖYxZ cvV¨eB, Mí avivi eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq KZUzKz I Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv ch©‡e¶Y I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv|

10

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eª vK-cwiPvwjZ we`¨vjq¸‡jv †h‡nZz GbwmwUwe wba©vwiZ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wk¶Y-wkLb c×wZ cwiPvjbv K‡i, ZvB eª vKcÖYxZ eB¸‡jvI GbwmwUwei KvwiKzjvg AbymiY K‡i iwPZ nIqvi K_v| welqwfwËK I †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi †h D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq, †mLv‡b Gi GKwU Ask wn‡m‡e Afx¶v-DcKiY ˆZwii mgq †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K GbwmwUwe I eª v‡Ki cvVëB Ges wk¶K mnvwqKv¸‡jv we‡k−lY Kiv nq| cÖwZwU †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cvVëB wKsev wk¶K mnvwqKv¸‡jv‡Z K‡ZvUzKz I Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv cÖwZ‡e`b we‡k−lY ev WKz‡g›U A¨vbvjvBwmm c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv nq| eª vKcwiPvwjZ we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ eª vKcÖYxZ ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eBwU cvVëB wn‡m‡e ¯xK…Z| GQvov cvVëB‡qi cvkvcvwk wKQz Mí avivi eBI eª vK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©x‡ì cov‡bv n‡q _v‡K| PZz_© I cÂg †kªYx‡Z †mLv‡b GbwmwUwecÖYxZ ÔAvgvi evsjv eBÕ cov‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †m Kvi‡Y GB M‡elYvq eª vKcÖYxZ cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kªYxi ÔG‡mv cwoÕ wmwi‡Ri eB¸‡jv we‡k−lY Kiv nq| cvkvcvwk GB ch©v‡jvPbvi †¶‡Î cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYxi wk¶v_©x‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ Míavivi eB¸‡jvI we‡ePbvq ivLv nq| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq †kªYxi wk¶K‡ì wb‡ ©kbvi Rb¨ iwPZ wkw¶Kv mnvwqKv¸‡jv‡KI Gi AvIZvfy³ Kiv nq| D‡j−L¨, G M‡elYvq eª v‡Ki Ôwkw¶Kv mnvwqKvÕ¸‡jv‡K ïay Ôwk¶K mnvwqKvÕ wn‡m‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡e| Z‡e Z…Zxq †kªYxi wk¶K mnvwqKv M‡elYv PjvKvjxb cvIqv bv hvIqvq Ôwk¶K cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKvÕ‡K weKí wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mwU‡KI G M‡elYvq Ôwk¶K mnvwqKvÕ wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| Dwj−wLZ eBmg~n Ges wk¶K mnvwqKv¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbvi Ici wfwË K‡iB G M‡elYvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mviYx 1-G †Kvb †kªYxi Rb¨ †Kvb DcKiY we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv †Ìqv n‡jv| mviYx 1. we‡k−lYK…Z eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvi ZvwjKv †kªYx eª vK cÖ_g G‡mv cwo - cÖ_g fvM, Mí avivi eB, wkw¶Kv mnvwqKv wØZxq G‡mv cwo - wØZxq fvM, Mí avivi eB, wkw¶Kv mnvwqKv Z…Zxq G‡mv cwo - Z…Zxq fvM, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv

GbwmwUwecÖYxZ eB¸‡jv †hfv‡e we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q wVK †mfv‡eB G M‡elYvi Dcv`vb¸‡jvI we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ `ywU av‡c Z_¨ we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wba©vwiZ †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cÖ_‡g cvVëB‡qi welqe ‘ I Abykxjbx‡Z Kxfv‡e G‡m‡Q †mwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici GKB †hvM¨Zv cvVëB‡qi cvkvcvwk Míavivi eB Ges wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB y‡Uv av‡c Z_¨ we‡k−l‡Yi ci GKwU †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv K‡ZvUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv we‡ePbv K‡i †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i Ggb b~ bZg msL¨K welqe¯‘ I D`vniY _vK‡j Zv‡K Ôcy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÕ e‡j †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q; ïay welqe¯‘ ev D`vniY ev Abykxjb ev PP©vi wb‡`©kbv- †h †Kv‡bv GKwU _vK‡j Ges GKB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi GKvwaK Ask _vK‡j †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv GKwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡j ÔAvswkK cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÕ Ges welqe ‘ ev D`vniY ev wb‡ ©kbv m¤úwK©Z wKQz bv _vK‡j ÔcÖwZdwjZ nq wbÕ e‡j †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv mivmwi cvV¨cy —‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖwZdwjZ Kiv KwVb| GB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv we‡kl K‡i nv‡Z-Kj‡g ev mivmwi Kivi Dc‡hvMx| wKš‘ eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq hw` GB KvR¸‡jv Kivi wb‡`©kbv _v‡K ev mnvqK †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ _v‡K hvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e, Zvn‡j †m¸‡jv eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e‡j GB M‡elYvq a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q (ivq, 2008)|

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fvlvi `¶Zv PviwU- †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv| G PviwU `¶Zvi g‡a¨ †kvbvi KvRwU nq cÖ_‡g| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g evwK `¶Zv¸‡jv AwR©Z n‡Z _v‡K| cÖv_wgK —‡ii evsjv wel‡qi cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡KI GB Abyµ‡g mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| evsjv wel‡q G PviwU `¶Zvi g‡a¨ †kvbvi †¶‡Î wZbwU, ejv I covi †¶‡Î PviwU Ges †jLvi †¶‡Î †gvU cuvPwU A_©vr me©‡gvU 16wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| G 16wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZwU Aek¨ me †kªYxi Rb¨ wba©viY Kiv nq wb| cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †hgb †jLv 4 I 5 cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv ivLv nq wb| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z m‡e©v”P 16wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨ZvB i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b PZz_© I cÂg †kªYx‡Z i‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g 15 I 14wU K‡i cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv| cÖwZwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi GK ev GKvwaK †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| A‡bK‡¶‡ÎB GKvwaK †kªYxi Rb¨ GKB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv ivLv n‡q‡Q A_©vr wewfbœ †kªYx‡Z AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cybive„wË n‡q‡Q| wKQy wKQy †hvM¨Zvi †¶‡Î cwimi evwo‡q cieZ©x †kªYx‡Z AwaK `¶Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM ivLv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K wKQy wKQy †kªYx‡Z Ggb wKQz AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv GKwU wbw`©ó †kªYx‡Z mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †m¸‡jv cieZ©x †kªYx‡Z cvIqv hvq wb| G‡¶‡Î nq‡Zv wk¶v_©xi c‡¶ GB AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv c~e©eZ©x †kªYx‡ZB †m¸‡jv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q| mviYx 2-G cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| mviYx 2. †kªYx Abyhvqx cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi msL¨v †kªYx cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cÖ_g 14 39 wØZxq 14 42 Z…Zxq 16 42 PZz_© 15 35 cÂg 14 37

GLv‡b cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi g‡ZvB †kªYx Abyhvqx AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv web¨v‡mi †¶‡Î my¯úó †Kv‡bv avivevwnKZv cvIqv hvq bv| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z 39wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI PZz_© †kªYx‡Z 15wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z me©wbgœ 35wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv ivLv n‡q‡Q| cÂg †kªYx‡Z cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv AviI GKwU Kg‡jI AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv evwo‡q 37wU Kiv nq| m‡e©v”P 42wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cvIqv hvq wØZxq I Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z| †kªYxwfwËK cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi c~Y© ZvwjKv cwiwk‡ó †`Iqv n‡jv|

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cÖ_g †kªYx cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †gvU 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi g‡a¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU, ejv I cov As‡k PviwU K‡i Ges †jLv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi wecix‡Z me©‡gvU 39wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| we‡k−lY †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, eª v‡Ki eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq GK-Z…Zxqvs‡kiI Kg cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| 12wU †hvM¨Zv AvswkK cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Ges evwK 16wU †hvM¨Zv G‡Kev‡iB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| wb‡P AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv `¶ZvwfwËKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| †kvbv: cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU AvUwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_gwUi Rb¨ wZbwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU Ges me©‡kl cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 2-G AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †`Lv hvq, AwaKvsk AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkK ev cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †kvbv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z †gvU wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

h_vh_ wb‡`©kbv Qvov evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb wk¶v_©x‡ì g‡bv‡hvM I âh© mnKv‡i †kvbvi welqwU cvVëB‡Z mivmwi cÖwZdwjZ Kiv KwVb| wk¶‡Ki AvKl©Yxq Dc¯’vcb I h_vh_ Abykxjb m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv bv _vK‡j G †hvM¨Zvm¤úwK©Z Kg©KvÊ¸‡jvi Abykxjb bvI n‡Z cv‡i| eB‡Z eY©gvjv¸‡jv _vK‡jI wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡j †mwU cov I ejvi †hvM¨Zv c~i‡Y mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ wk¶v_©x‡ì †kvbvi `¶Zv AR©‡b Zv mnvqK n‡e bv, hZ¶b ch©š— wk¶K †m¸‡jv gy‡L gy‡L e‡jb, wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K w`‡q ejvb Ges wk¶v_©xiv †m¸‡jv kªeY K‡i| eª vKcÖYxZ eB‡q ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôk‡ãi gva¨‡g fvlv †kLv GKwU we‡kl c×wZ| ÔG‡mv cwoÕ wmwiRwUi ïi“ †mB we‡kl c×wZi Ici wfwË K‡iÕ|1 †mLv‡b eB‡qi ïi“‡Z wk¶K‡ì Rb¨ cÖYxZ wb‡ ©kbvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wk¶‡Ki covi mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v_©xI welqe ‘ co‡e| hv Zv‡ì kªeY`¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|

1 G‡mv cwo, cÖ_g fvM, eª vK wk¶v Kg©m~wP| AvM÷ 2005

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wPÎ 2. cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †kvbv

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wPÎ 1. cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb

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G‡¶‡Î wk¶K Kx c×wZ‡Z cvV`vb Ki‡j wk¶v_©x evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i wKsev âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e, †m m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| wk¶v_©x mnvwqKv‡Z †miKg mivmwi wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡jI †mLv‡b eY© †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ †h ai‡bi †kªYxK¶-Kvh©wewai K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †hgbÑ nvZZvwj w`‡q kã ejv I †kvbv, GKK I `jMZfv‡e ejv, wk¶K ejvi ci †m¸‡jvi cybive„wË Kiv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g G †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi Kvh©vejxi d‡j wk¶v_©xiv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM I âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| myZivs, cÖ_g `ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wk¶K mnvwqKvi gva¨‡g cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ejv hvq| Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva I cÖkœ ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z mywbw ©ó cvV †bB eB‡Z| Z‡e wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z wKQy mnvqK Mí wk¶v_©x‡ì †kvbv‡bv Ges †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv G †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b AvswkK mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b wk¶K KZ…©K mivmwi cÖkœ Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, hv ÔcÖkœ ï‡b eyS‡Z cviviÕ †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b AwaK mnvqK| Z‡e Av‡`k, Dc‡`k ev Aby‡iva m¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ cvV ev Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM †bB| †kvbv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z †gvU PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b I Mí ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡q Qov, KweZv, K‡_vcK_b, Mí, mvZ w`‡bi bvg I Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ †bB| mvZ w`b I Qq FZzi bvg ÔG‡mv cwoÕ wmwi‡Ri cÖ_g fv‡M †bB, Z‡e wØZxq fv‡M i‡q‡Q| A_©vr eª vK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv GB †hvM¨Zv`y‡Uv cÖ_g †kªYxi e`‡j wØZxq †kªYx‡Z AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Mí avivi eB¸‡jv‡Z †hme Qov, KweZv I Mí i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv G As‡ki cÖ_g `ywU †hvM¨Zv A_©vr 2.1 I 2.2-‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i| Qov I KweZv ï‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì Avb›` jvf Kivi welqwU A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i wk¶K Kxfv‡e †mwU wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg‡b Dc ’vcb Ki‡Qb, Zvi Ici| Qov, KweZv I Mí ï‡b wk¶v_©xiv hv‡Z Avb›` jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i, eª v‡Ki wk¶K mnvwqKvq †m e¨vcv‡i my¯úófv‡e wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv Av‡Q| d‡j ejv hvq, cÖ_g `y‡Uv †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †kvbv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †mwU n‡”Q: 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| †kvbvi †¶‡Î msL¨v I msL¨vevPK k‡ãi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq, †m welqwU ¯úó bq| msL¨v I msL¨vevPK k‡ãi cv_©K¨ wb‡qI †Kv‡bv wKQz eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z ejv †bB| D`vniY¯iƒcÑ GKRb wk¶v_©xi mvg‡b 12 msL¨vwU D”PviY Ki‡j wk¶v_©x Kxfv‡e eyS‡e †h GLv‡b Ô12Õ ejv n‡”Q bvwK Ôev‡ivÕ ejv n‡”Q? †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx G †hvM¨ZvwU Gw`K w`‡q AviI mywbw`©ó Kiv ìKvi|

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eª vKcÖYxZ ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡q G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV †bB| Z‡e GK †_‡K wÎk ch©š— msL¨v¸‡jv gy‡L gy‡L ¸b‡Z †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wk¶K mnvwqKvq wb‡ ©kbv i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ msL¨vevPK kãm¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †mLv‡b †bB| d‡j G †hvM¨ZvwU ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ejv hv‡e bv| ejv: cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ ejvi PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 12wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g `y‡Uv cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ PviwU K‡i, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ wZbwU Ges me©‡kl cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 3-G AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| eª vKcÖYxZ eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq Lye Kg †hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk †hvM¨ZvB AvswkK cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| ejv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯i I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|

evsjv eY©gvjv m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cvV i‡q‡Q ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z| eBwU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q kãvbyµwgK c×wZ‡Z| Z‡e kã ¯úó I ï×fv‡e cvV Kiv ev †kLvi welqwU A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i Ki‡Q wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `¶Zvi Ici| D`vniY¯iƒc, AwaKvsk‡¶‡ÎB ÔBÕ-‡K n«¯-B co‡Z †`Lv hvq, hwÌ GB e‡Y©i ï× D”PviY n‡e ïay ÔBÕ ejv| †Kbbv, Ôn« ^Õ welqwU GLv‡b ÔBÕ-‡K Kg †Rvi w`‡q ev gyL †ewk bv Ly‡j ev Lv‡Uv ev †QvU K‡i D”PviY Kivi cÖwZ Bw½Z †`q, hv wk¶v_©xiv wk¶‡Ki wVK wb‡`©kbv ev Abykxjb Kivi gva¨‡g wkL‡e, cy‡iv Ôn«¯-BÕ ejvi gva¨‡g bq| Avevi A‡bK †¶‡Î ÔPÕ, ÔQÕ, ÔmÕ ev ÔkÕ eY©¸‡jv Abyiƒc ¯úófv‡e D”PvwiZ nq bv| G e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡j G `y‡Uv †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv KwVb| G wel‡q ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡q wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡jI wkw¶Kv mnvwqKvq ejv Av‡QÑ Ô...eY© cÖZxK wVKfv‡e wP‡b kã I evK¨ MVb ï× I mwVKfv‡e Ki‡Z cviv Ges mwVK AvKv‡i ï× iƒ‡c wjL‡Z cviv G K¬v‡m mKj Kv‡R g~j j¶¨ _vK‡e|Õ d‡j Avkv Kiv hvq, eB Ges wk¶K mnvwqKvi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i wk¶K ï× I mwVKfv‡e cvV`vb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb| Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV †bB| Z‡e wk¶K m‡PZb _vK‡j eª v‡Ki Mí avivi eB¸‡jv †_‡K wk¶v_©xiv c‡iv¶fv‡e G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨w`‡K †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvivi `¶ZvwU A‡bKUvB Abykxj‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj| eB‡Z cÖkœ Ki‡Z cviv Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi ejv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv mivmwi cvV †bB| Z‡e wk¶K mnvwqKvq ¯úófv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì Mí, Qov ev cvVm¤úwK©Z wewfbœ cÖkœ Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvivi `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ wk¶v_©xiv †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK-bv, †m m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †mLv‡b †bB| A_©vr †`Lv hv‡”Q, cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvivi Ici †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv nq wb|

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wPÎ 3. cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - ejv

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ejv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 wb‡Ri cwiPq, evev-gvi cwiPq Ges mncvVx‡ì bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov, KweZv I Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

Dc‡ii PviwU †hvM¨Zvi welqe¯‘ eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z †bB| wk¶K mnvwqKvq wb‡Ri I evev-gvi cwiPq ejvi welqwU wk¶v_©x‡ì PP©v Kiv‡bvi wb‡ ©kbv †Ìqv Av‡Q| Z‡e mncvVx‡ì bvg ejvi wel‡q †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| Qov, KweZv I M‡íi †¶‡Î ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡q G ai‡bi †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ bv _vK‡jI Mí avivi eB¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Qov I Mí i‡q‡Q, KweZvi cwigvY Kg| Z‡e mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I Qq FZzi bvg m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV †bB eª¨v‡Ki †Kv‡bv ai‡bi eB‡ZB| A_©vr Dchy©³ †hvM¨Zvm¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ ÔAvgvi evsjv eBÕ-‡Z _vK‡jI eª vK eB I wb‡ ©kbvq cÖ_g ywUi †ewkifvM Ask Av‡Q ejv hvq| Z‡e †kl `ywU †hvM¨Zvi †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ †bB| ejv 3: mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï×, cÖwgZ, PwjZ

evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv Abykxjb Ki‡e| 3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL ev¯—‡e I Qwe †`‡L bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ is wP‡b i‡Oi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

Dchy©³ wZbwU †hvM¨Zvi cÖ_gwU cy‡ivcywi AbykxjbwfwËK| wØZxqwUi wKQy Ask AwR©Z n‡e ev —e Rxe‡b Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g| G `ywU †hvM¨Zvi welqe¯‘ ‡jv ZvB eB‡q mivmwi cÖwZdwjZ Kiv KwVb| Z‡e cvVëB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq G m¤úwK©Z my úó wb‡`©kbv _vKv ìKvi| eª vK eB‡Z cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv Abykxjb Kiv Ges ev —‡e cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwLi bvg ej‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| Z‡e Qwe †`‡L Gme e¯‘i bvg ejvi ch©vß Abykxjb i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ is †Pbv-m¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q eB‡Z; Z‡e Zv Ach©vß| †h‡nZz eB¸‡jv iwOb, ZvB wk¶K mnvwqKvq my úó wb‡`©kbv _vK‡j Avjv`v †Kv‡bv cvV ev welqe¯‘ QvovB wk¶v_©x‡ì wewfbœ is wP‡b †m¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvivi Abykxjb Kiv‡bv †h‡Zv| ejv 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q: 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvi‡e|

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c~‡e© we‡k−lYK…Z †kvbv 3 As‡ki gš—e¨ GLv‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kv‡bv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi GKwU Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡”QÑ wk¶v_©xiv †mwU AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK-bv, Zv mn‡R cwigvc Kiv hv‡e| wKš‘ G †hvM¨ZvwU cwigvc Kiv KwVb| KviY wk¶v_©x †Kv‡bv msL¨v ev msL¨vevPK kã D”PviY Ki‡j ev ej‡j cix¶‡Ki c‡¶ wbwðZ nIqv KwVb †h wk¶v_©x †KvbwU †f‡e DËi w`‡”Q| †m‡¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡K cybivq wRÁvmv K‡i Rvb‡Z n‡e †h †m †KvbwU †f‡e DËi Ki‡Q Ges †mwUI h_vh_ bv nIqvi m¤¢vebv cÖPzi| †mRb¨ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã †kvbv I ejvi PvB‡Z cov I †jLvi Rb¨ AwaK Dc‡hvMx| cov: cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ cov As‡k PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 10wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wZbwU K‡i, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ cuvPwU Ges †kl `y‡Uv cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 4 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, eª v‡Ki eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq A‡a©K cÖvwš—K †hvM¨ZvB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| cov 1: evsjv fvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý e‡Y©i mv‡_ hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ co‡Z cvi‡e|

ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z cÖ_g I Z…Zxq †hvM¨Zvi welqe¯‘ _vK‡jI Kvi wPý e‡Y©i mv‡_ hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvivi †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ †bB| wk¶K mnvwqKvq G wel‡q †jLvi wb‡ ©kbv Avm‡jI covi welqwU Av‡m wb| d‡j eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z wØZxq †hvM¨ZvwU cÖwZdjwZ nq wb ejv hvq| cov 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o g~jfve eyS‡Z

cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ cuvPwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 Qov, KweZv I Mí co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg co‡Z cvi‡e|

eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z cÂg †hvM¨ZvwU Qvov Ab¨¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv welqe ‘ †bB| G eB‡q h‡_ó cwigv‡Y wewfbœ dyj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg †`Iqv _vK‡jI mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I Qq FZzi bvg ÔG‡mv cwoÕ ev Míavivi eB¸‡jv †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB †bB| d‡j G `y‡Uv †hvM¨Zv cÖwZdwjZ nq Ggb †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ ev wb‡`©kbv eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKv‡ZI †bB| Míavivi eB¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Qov, KweZv I

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wPÎ 4. cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - cov

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Mí i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †mLv‡b Qov, KweZv I Mí cov‡bvi Abykxjb h‡_ó _vK‡jI Ave„wË Kivi Abykxjb ch©vß bq| wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z evievi covi wb‡`©kbv _vK‡jI Ave„wË Kivi wb‡`©kbv h_vh_fv‡e Av‡m wb, hwÌ wk¶v_©x‡ì G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j wk¶‡Ki h_vh_ wb‡`©kbv cÖ‡qvRb | cov 3: evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n¯—v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z

mg_© nIqv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q: 3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã co‡Z cvi‡e| ¯vfvweKfv‡eB GKRb wk¶v_©xi wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã co‡Z cvivi K_v| mvaviYfv‡e a‡i †bIqv nq †h, wk¶v_©x †h welq¸‡jv wjL‡e, cieZ©x mg‡q †m¸‡jv †m co‡ZI m¶g n‡e| KviY fvlvi PviwU †gŠwjK `¶Zv‡K µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv A_©vr †jLvi welqwU mevi †k‡l Av‡m| †m wn‡m‡e †jLvi Av‡MB wk¶v_©x co‡Z wk‡L hvIqvi K_v| Avi wjL‡Z cvi‡j cieZx© mg‡q †mwU co‡Z cviviI K_v| †m‡¶‡Î G †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨ZvwU cÖvmw½KZv nvivq| eª v‡Ki Mí I cvV¨ Dfq avivi †Kv‡bv eB‡ZB wk¶v_©x‡ì wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã co‡Z cvivi †Kv‡bv wbw ©ó Abykxjb †bB| wk¶K mnvwqKvqI G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv †bB| wk¶K m‡PZbfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì †jLv‡bvi ci Zv cov‡bvi Abykxjb bv Ki‡j G †hvM¨Zvm¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv Kg©KvÊ bvI n‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, †hvM¨ZvwU eª vKcÖYxZ eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| cov 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv:

4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã co‡Z cvi‡e| GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v covi welqe¯‘ _vK‡jI msL¨vevPK kã covi †Kv‡bv cvV eª v‡Ki eB‡Z †bB| wk¶K mnvwqKvq †Kej wÎk ch©š— ¸Yvi wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, hv AvswkK cÖwZdjb‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| †jLv: cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †jLv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU bqwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ cuvPwU K‡i, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ wZb Ges †kl cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 5 Abymv‡i, gvÎ GKwU †hvM¨Zv eª v‡Ki eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Ges QqwU †hvM¨Zv †gv‡UI cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| †jLv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ cuvPwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

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wPÎ 5. cÖ_g †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †jLv

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1.1 ¯úó I mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý w`‡q e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ †`‡L †`‡L wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 hwZ wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡q evsjv eY©gvjv ¯úó I mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z †jLv I cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã †`‡L †`‡L †jLvi welqe ‘ _vK‡jI evwK welq¸‡jvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cvV †bB| Z‡e wk¶K mnvwqKvq Míavivi eB¸‡jvi Ici wfwË K‡i †hme Abykxjb I Kg©KvÊ †hgb- m„Rbkxj †jLv ev Mí †jLv BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e Abykxjb Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xiv G †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| wk¶K mnvwqKvq Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i †jLv, eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi Kiv wKsev hwZ wPý wP‡b †jLvi Rb¨ mivmwi I my úó wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv _vK‡j Mí avivi Kg©Kv‡Êi ga¨ w`‡q wk¶v_©xiv mn‡RB G †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †jLv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 wb‡Ri bvg I evev-gvi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Qq FZzi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

eª v‡Ki eB¸‡jv‡Z Dchy©³ wZbwU †hvM¨Zvi †Kv‡bvwUiB cvV ev welqe¯‘ †bB| †Kej wk¶K mnvwqKvi cÖ ‘wZ c‡e© wb‡Ri bvg I evev-gvi bvg gy‡L ejv‡bvi wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ †m¸‡jv †jLvi †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I Qq FZzi bvgm¤úwK©Z cvV i‡q‡Q wØZxq †kªYxi eB‡q| d‡j ejv hvq, eª vKcÖYxZ eB I wkw¶Kv mnvwqKvq G †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| †jLv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cvi‡e| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 3.1 evsjvfvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kãm¤úwK©Z †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv eª vK eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q wK-bv, †m m¤ú‡K© cov 4 As‡k †h gš—e¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mwU G As‡ki RbÏ cÖ‡hvR¨| †jLv 4: ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úó fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †bB| †jLv 5: mvaviY wPwV Ges ìLv — wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡bI cÖ_g †kªYxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †bB|

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wØZxq †kªYx wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †gvU 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi g‡a¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU, ejv I cov As‡k PviwU K‡i Ges †jLv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| G 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z me©‡gvU 42wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 6 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU weivUmsL¨K †hvM¨Zv G‡Kev‡iB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb, hwÌ m‡e©v”P 17wU †hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡P AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv `¶ZvwfwËKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| †kvbv: wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU AvUwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wZbwU K‡i, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU Ges †kl cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 7 Abymv‡i, eª vK eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq AwaKvsk †hvM¨ZvB cy‡ivcywi ev AvswkKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †kvbv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †gvU wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.2 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ, wb‡`©k I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi m‡½ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 1.1 I 1.2 As‡k evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM I âh© mnKv‡i †kvbvi welqwU _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z eY©gvjvi e`‡j hy³e‡Y©i welqwU G‡m‡Q| A_©vr wk¶v_©xiv cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z eY©gvjv †kvbvi `¶Zv AR©b Kivi ci wØZxq †kªYx‡Z hy³eY© †kvbvi `¶Zv AR©b Ki‡e| 1.3 †hvM¨ZvwU‡Z Ôwb‡`©kÕ AskwU AwZwi³ †hvM n‡q‡Q| G wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi welqe¯‘ ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z _vK‡jI Kx Ki‡j ev †Kvb ai‡bi Kg©Kv‡Êi ga¨ w`‡q wk¶v_©xiv evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM I âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e, †m m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †bB| d‡j wk¶v_©xiv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb wkL‡jI †m¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM I âh© mnKv‡i wkL‡Q wK-bv, †mUv ejv KwVb| G¸‡jv GKBm‡½ weg~Z© †hvM¨ZvI e‡U| GKvi‡Y G¸‡jvi mwVK cÖwZdjb ZvB cy‡ivcywi wk¶‡Ki e¨w³MZ `¶Zvi Ici wbf©i Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K cy‡iv eB‡qi wewfbœ cvV ev welqe¯‘ †_‡K Z…Zxq †hvM¨ZvwU cÖwZdwjZ nq, Z‡e †mLv‡bI ¯úó wb‡`©kbv bv _vKvq wk¶‡Ki c‡¶ †m¸‡jv wk¶v_©x‡ì m‡PZbfv‡e †kLv‡bv m¤¢e bvI n‡Z cv‡i|

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wPÎ 7. wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †kvbv

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†kvbv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †gvU PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 2.1-G Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †mwU‡Z Ôg~jfveÕ eyS‡Z cvivi K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q| 2.2-G K‡_vcK_b I M‡íi mv‡_ ÔeY©bvÕ AskwU bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| 2.3-G mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg †hvM¨Zvi avivevwnK cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg †kvbvi †hvM¨ZvwU hy³ n‡q‡Q| 2.4 †hvM¨Zvq †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Av‡m wb A_©vr G †hvM¨ZvwU `yB †kªYxi Rb¨B mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| eª v‡Ki cvVävivi ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z ch©vß Qov, KweZv, Mí I eY©bv _vK‡jI K‡_vcK_b †bB| GQvov evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg I Qq FZzi bvg m¤úwK©Z GKwU cvV i‡q‡Q| Míavivi eB¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß Mí, eY©bv _vK‡jI Qov I KweZvi cwigvY Kg Ges †mLv‡b K‡_vcK_b-m¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ †bB| wk¶K mnvwqKvq G `yB avivi eB‡qi welqe¯‘ Kxfv‡e cov‡bv n‡e, †m m¤úwK©Z wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| cvVävivi eB‡q mivmwi Qov I KweZvi g~jfve eyS‡Z cvivi wel‡q †Kv‡bv Abykxjb bv _vK‡jI wk¶K mnvwqKvq †hfv‡e wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †m Abyhvqx Abykxjb Kiv‡bv n‡j wk¶v_©xiv G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GQvov Qov I KweZv Ave„wË K‡i I wewfbœ `‡j fvM K‡i †hfv‡e cov‡bvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z wk¶v_©xiv Avb›` jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| A_©vr G As‡k K‡_vcK_‡bi AskwU Qvov evwK welq¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

†kvbv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYx‡Z GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †mwU n‡”Q: 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI GB †kªYx‡Z †mwUi cwiwa evwo‡q GKk Kiv n‡q‡Q| msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kãm¤úwK©Z wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv cvV †bB eª vKcÖYxZ eB‡Z| Z‡e wew”Qbœfv‡e wKQy msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã D‡V G‡m‡Q †h¸‡jv †_‡K wk¶v_©xiv AvswkKfv‡e G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cvV bv _vKv‡Z evsjv wel‡qi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv G †hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywi AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e bv| GQvov evsjv wk¶K mnvwqKv‡ZI G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †Ìqv †bB| ejv: wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ ejv As‡k PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 14wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ PviwU K‡i, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ QqwU, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ wZbwU Ges †kl cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨

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wPÎ 8. wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - ejv

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GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b eª vKcÖYxZ eB ev wk¶v mnvwqKvq AwaKvsk †hvM¨Zv AvswkK ev cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| ejv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv I cÖ‡qvRbxq hy³eY© ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯i I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 web‡qi m‡½ Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 ey‡S cÖkœ Ki‡Z I c~Y©ev‡K¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 1.1-G ïay evsjv eY©gvjv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx †_‡K ÔcÖ‡qvRbxq hy³eY©Õ; AskwU AwZwi³ hy³ n‡q‡Q| 1.2 †hvM¨ZvwU ûeû cÖ_g †kªYx †_‡K G‡m‡Q| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 1.3 †hvM¨Zvq ïay Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Kivi K_v ejv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z G‡m †mLv‡b Ôweb‡qi m‡½Õ Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1.4 †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Kivi K_v I DËi †Ìqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G †hvM¨ZvwU wØZxq †kªYx‡Z cwiewZ©Z n‡q ey‡S cÖkœ Kiv I c~Y©ev‡K¨ DËi †Ìqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z GB As‡k wk¶v_©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K c~Y©ev‡K¨ DËi Avkv Kiv nq wb| eª v‡Ki cvVävivi ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯i I e¨ÄbaŸwb m¤ú‡K© Avjv`v †Kv‡bv cvV bv _vK‡jI hy³eY© Abykxj‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q| GQvov wk¶K mnvwqKvq Kxfv‡e hy³eY© Abykxjb Kiv‡Z n‡e, †m m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| web‡qi m‡½ Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Kivi wel‡q mivmwi †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ †bB| Ab¨w`‡K ey‡S cÖkœ Kivi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ ev wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡jI c~Y©ev‡K¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi ejvi Rb¨ h‡_ó Abykxjbx i‡q‡Q| ejv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ QqwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 wb‡Ri wVKvbv I cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 wb‡Ri K_vq cwiwPZ welq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e I K‡_vcK_‡b Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ci ci ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ïay wk¶v_©xi wb‡Ri cwiPq ejvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI G †kªYx‡Z †mwUi †¶Î evwo‡q wk¶v_©xi wVKvbv ejvi †hvM¨Zv mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk wk¶v_©x wb‡Ri cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© hv‡Z ej‡Z cv‡i, †m †hvM¨ZvI ivLv n‡q‡Q| 2.2 †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Qov I KweZv ej‡Z cvi‡e _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †mwU‡K Ave„wË Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk 2.3 †hvM¨Zvq wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Mí ej‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| 2.4 †hvM¨ZvwU cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z wQ‡jv bv, G †kªYx‡Z bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z mßv‡ni mvZ w`b I Qq FZzi bvg ejvi K_v D‡j−L _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jv cici ejvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|

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A_©vr cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z G¸‡jv ejvi †¶‡Î avivevwnKZv Avek¨K bv n‡jI wØZxq †kªYxi †¶‡Î †mwU cÖ‡hvR¨| Qq FZzi bvg cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ejvi K_v G‡m‡Q, wKš‘ wØZxq †kªYx‡Z Zv ï×fv‡e ejvi †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q| wb‡Ri wVKvbv ejv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV eª v‡Ki eB¸‡jv‡Z bv _vK‡jI cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© ejvi A‡bK Abykxjb i‡q‡Q| GQvov Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Kiv, wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Mí ejv, cwiwPZ welq eY©bv Kivi Abykxjb I welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q g~jZ Míavivi eB¸‡jv‡Z Ges wk¶K mnvwqKvq G m¤úwK©Z wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †mLv‡b K‡_vcK_‡bi welqwU Abycw¯’Z| mßv‡ni mvZ w`b, evsjv evi gvm I Qq FZzi bv‡gi welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q eB‡Z Ges cvVävivi eB‡qi welqe¯‘ ‡jv Kxfv‡e cov‡Z n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i wb‡ ©kbv i‡q‡Q wk¶K mnvwqKvq| ejv 3: mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï×, cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL †`‡L Zv‡ì eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj-dj, RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z 3.1 As‡k cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi Abykxjb _vK‡jI GLv‡b wk¶v_©xiv mivmwi A_©vr ev —eRxe‡b K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3.2-G cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘ BZ¨vw` †`‡L cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ïay Zv‡ì bvg ejvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI G †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jvi eY©bv †Ìqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 3.3 †hvM¨ZvwU G As‡k bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi welqwU g~jZ wbf©i K‡i Abykxj‡bi Ici| GwU wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ m‡PZbZv ev `¶Zvi Ici wbf©i Kivi PvB‡Z wk¶‡Ki wb‡ ©kbv GLv‡b †ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| wk¶‡Ki wb‡ ©kµ‡g ev mnvqZvq wk¶v_©x Av‡ — Av‡ — cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv Abykxjb Ki‡e Ges GKmgq Zv Zvi Af¨v‡m cwiYZ n‡e| eª vKcÖYxZ eB‡Z cwiwPZ I wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj-dj, RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv ev Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvgm¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ _vK‡jI eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi welqe ‘ ev Abykxjbx †bB| eª v‡Ki wk¶K mnvwqKvq hwÌ ejv n‡q‡Q Ô...cvVävivi K¬v‡m fvlvi mwVKZv I ï×Zvi w`‡K j¶¨ †i‡L wewfbœ wkLb Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e|Õ2 wKš‘ †mLv‡b wk¶v_©xiv Kxfv‡e cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡e, †m m¤úwK©Z wb‡`©kbv †bB| ejv 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q: 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z G As‡k GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨vevPK kã †kLvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †mwU‡K ewa©Z K‡i GKk ch©š— Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2 wkw¶Kv mnvwqKv, gvZ…fvlv evsjv, wØZxq †kªYx, eª vK wk¶v Kg©m~wP, XvKv| RyjvB 2007

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G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cvV ev welqe ‘ eª vK eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq †bB| d‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì c‡¶ †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Kiv KwVb| MwYZ wel‡qi gva¨‡g G †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i| cov: wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ cov As‡k PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU bqwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wZbwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU, Z…Zxq I PZz_©wUi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b eª vK eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq cÖvq A‡a©K †hvM¨ZvB cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| cov 1: evsjv fvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯‡i, ¯úó I ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 hy³eY© †f‡O co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 1.1 †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ïay eY©gvjv covi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jv kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯‡i, ¯úó I ï×fv‡e covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Av‡Mi †kªYxi Kvi wP‡ýi e`‡j wØZxq †kªYx‡Z 1.2 As‡k hy³eY© †f‡O covi †hvM¨Zv G‡m‡Q| cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q 1.3 As‡k, hv cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi K_v ejv nq wb| Avjv`vfv‡e evsjv eY©gvjv kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯‡i, ¯úó I ï×fv‡e covi welqe¯‘ †bB eª v‡Ki eB‡Z| G welq¸‡jv cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z wQ‡jv| Z‡e AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq †h ¯úóZv ev ï×Zvi Ici ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q, †m m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB eB‡Z| wk¶K mnvwqKvq ÔmwVKZv I ï×ZvÕi Ici wbw`©ó wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv Av‡Q| GQvov hy³eY© †f‡O covi welqe ‘ I Abykxjbx eB‡Z _vK‡jI Zv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg| cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvivi welqwU wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbvi Ici A‡bKUvB wbf©i K‡i| †mLv‡b eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq ï×Zvi K_v ejv n‡jI cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Yi K_v ejv nq wb| cov 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o g~jfve eyS‡Z

cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 2.1 †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g †kªYxi Zzjbvq GLv‡b ÔmsjvcÕ AskwU AwZwi³ hy³ n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk GLv‡b Qov, KweZv I Mí cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ïay mßv‡ni mvZ

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wPÎ 9. wØZxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - cov

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w`‡bi bvg covi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI G †kªYx‡Z Gi cvkvcvwk evi gv‡mi bvg covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Qq FZzi bvg cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z eB †`‡L covi K_v _vK‡jI GLv‡b ï×fv‡e covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q, eB ev wk¶K wb‡`©wkKvq cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y cov ev Abykxj‡bi w`Kwb‡`©kbv †bB| GwU wbf©i Ki‡Q wk¶‡Ki wbR¯ B”Qv I `¶Zvi Ici| Z‡e cÖ_g `ywU †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqK welqe¯‘ ‡jv †gvUvgywU eB‡Z _vK‡jI msjvc †bB| eB †`‡L Ave„wË Kivi Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg, evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg Ges Qq FZzi bvgm¤úwK©Z welqe¯‘ _vK‡j †m¸‡jvh ï×fv‡e covi wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| cov 3: evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n¯—v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z

mg_© nIqv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q: 3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z ïay wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã covi K_v _vK‡jI GLv‡b ÔA‡bï ¯úó †jLvÕ covi †hvM¨ZvwU hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ wb‡Ri †jLv mevB co‡Z cvi‡e e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| wKš‘ A‡bï †jLv co‡Z cviv GKwU Avjv`v †hvM¨Zv| eB‡Z G w`KwUi Ici Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nq wb| GQvov wk¶K mnvwqKv‡ZI G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB Ges Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e Mí avivi eB¸‡jvi Av‡jv‡K †h m„Rbkxj †jLvi Kg©KvÊ i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì ci¯ú‡ii †jLv covi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †mLvb †_‡K c‡iv¶fv‡e n‡jI Zviv G †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| Z‡e wb‡`©wkKvq G m¤úwK©Z ¯úó wb‡`©kbv _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv| cov 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z G †hvM¨ZvwUi Rb¨ cÂvk ch©š— mxgv wba©viY Kiv n‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †mwU‡K evwo‡q GKk ch©š— Kiv n‡q‡Q| G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cvV ev welqe ‘ eª vKcÖYxZ eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvq †bB| d‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì c‡¶ †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Kiv KwVb| †jLv: wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †jLv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 11wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ QqwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wPÎ 10 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, AR©b Dc‡hvMx

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†hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi AwaKvskB cÖwZdjwZ n‡jI weivUmsL¨K †hvM¨Zv †gv‡UI cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| †jLv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ QqwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 ¯úó, mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z I cwi”Qbœfv‡e evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 weivg wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.6 cvV¨cy¯—‡Ki †QvU †QvU mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: G As‡ki cÖ_g †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Ôcwi”Qbœfv‡eÕ evsjv eY©gvjv †jLvi K_v bv _vK‡jI GwU wØZxq †kªYx‡Z bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| 1.2 †hvM¨ZvwU ûeû cÖ_g †kªYx †_‡K G‡m‡Q| 1.3 †hvM¨ZvwU‡Z cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Ô†`‡LÕ †jLvi K_v ej‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z Zv Ôï‡bÕ †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1.4 †hvM¨ZvwU cÖ_g †kªYxi GKB As‡ki †hvM¨Zvi Dj−¤ iƒc| †mLv‡b eY© w`‡q kã †jLvi K_v ejv n‡qwQ‡jv, GLv‡b kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e©i †kªYx‡Z ïay hwZ wPý wP‡b †jLvi K_v ejv n‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z hwZ wP‡ýi cvkvcvwk weivg wPý wP‡b †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| †kl A_©vr 1.6 †hvM¨ZvwU G †kªYx‡Z bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z cÖ_g †hvM¨ZvwU m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘ bv _vK‡jI wk¶K mnvwqKvq eY©gvjv I hwZwPý mwVKfv‡e †jLvi Ici ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i †jLvi Rb¨ Avjv`v †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †bB| weivg wPý‡KI †K›`ª K‡i evK¨ †jLv Abykxjb Kivi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM eB‡Z †bB| cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvivi welqwU m¤ú‡K© wk¶K mnvwqKvq wKQy wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv h_vh_ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Ges m„Rbkxj †jLv PP©vi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì G †hvM¨ZvwU AwR©Z n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K eB‡Z †hme Abykxjbx i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cviv Ges cvV¨cy —‡Ki †QvU †QvU mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| †jLv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 wb‡Ri bvg cwiPq I wVKvbv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: Av‡Mi †kªYx‡Z ïay wk¶v_©x‡ì wb‡Ri I evev-gvi bvg †jLvi K_v ejv n‡qwQ‡jv, †mwU G †kªYx‡Z ewa©Z n‡q wb‡Ri cwiPq I wVKvbv †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z †jLvi K_v _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †mwUi m‡½ evi gv‡mi bvg hy³ n‡q‡Q| Qq FZzi bvg cÖ_g †kªYx‡ZI wQ‡jv, wKš‘ GLv‡b ï×fv‡e †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl †hvM¨ZvwU G †kªYx‡Z bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q|

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eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z Ges Míavivi eB¸‡jv‡Z cÖ_g †hvM¨Zv-m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv †jLvi Abykxjb †bB| cieZ©x †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi welqe ‘ I Abykxjb i‡q‡Q eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z| †jLv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cvi‡e| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 3.1 evsjvfvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— †jLvi K_v ejv n‡jI GB †kªYx‡Z †mwU evwo‡q GKk ch©š— Kiv n‡q‡Q| msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ï×fv‡e †jLv m¤úwK©Z cvV eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z †bB| d‡j evsjv eB‡qi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv G †hvM¨ZvwU bvI AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| †jLv 4: ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úó fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †bB| †jLv 5: mvaviY wPwV Ges `iLv — wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b wØZxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †bB|

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Z…Zxq †kªYx Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †gvU 16wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G 16wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi g‡a¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU, ejv I cov As‡k PviwU K‡i Ges †jLv As‡k cuvPwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GB 14wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi wecix‡Z me©‡gvU 42wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 11 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdj‡bi gvÎv eª v‡Ki DcKi‡Y GK-PZz_©vs‡kiI Kg| A‡a©‡KiI Kg AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Kev‡iB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb Ggb †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi msL¨vI Kg bq| AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Kxfv‡e KZUzKz cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv `¶ZvwfwËKfv‡e wb‡P Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| †kvbv: Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †kvbv As‡k wZbwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU mvZwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ PviwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ `ywU, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wPÎ 12 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, AwaKvsk AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkK ev cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †kvbv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †gvU PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv eY© I hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, †NvlYv I wb‡`©k ï‡b cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z I DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 1.1 †hvM¨ZvwU g~jZ cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYxi G As‡ki cÖ_g ywU †hvM¨Zvi avivevwnK Dj−¤ iƒc| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z eY© I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z hy³eY© †kvbvi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv Ges GLv‡b `ywU‡K GKÎ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1.2-m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z cÖZ¨¶fv‡e bv _vK‡jI 1.3 †hvM¨ZvwU c~‡e©i `ywU †kªYxi avivevwnKZvq G‡m‡Q| cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYxi g‡ZvB GLv‡b Av‡`k I Dc‡`k †kvbvi welqwU G‡m‡Q| Z‡e cÖ_g `y‡Uv †kªYx‡Z cÖkœ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvivi welqwU _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z cÖ‡kœi e`‡j †NvlYvi welqwU G‡m‡Q| D‡j−L¨, cÖ_g `y‡Uv †kªYx‡Z ïay G welq¸‡jv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv, †mLv‡b Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jv ï‡b cvjb Kivi Ici ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1.4 Ask Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z G‡Kev‡iB bZzbfv‡e G‡m‡Q|

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GUv a‡i †bIqv hvq, cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z wk¶v_©xiv evsjv eY© I hy³eY©-m¤úwK©Z cvV¸‡jv †_‡K cÖv_wgK aviYv wb‡q G‡m‡Q| G †kªYx‡Z wewfbœ cv‡Vi mvnv‡h¨ †m¸‡jv Abykxjb ev eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Zv‡ì `¶Zv‡K AviI cwic° Ki‡e| hy³eY© m¤úwK©Z Abykxjb eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z Abycw¯’Z| Z‡e eB‡qi cvV¸‡jv‡Z †hme hy³eY© i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e wk¶K Abykxjb Kiv‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì c‡¶ †m¸‡jv mn‡RB AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg i‡q‡Q eB‡Z| Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, †NvlYv I wb‡ ©k m¤úwK©Z G‡Kev‡i mivmwi †Kv‡bv cvV bv _vK‡jI eB‡Z †h cvV i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi gva¨‡g G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| K‡_vcK_b m¤úwK©Z Abykxjb _vK‡jI †m¸‡jv ï‡b cÖkœ Kiv I cÖ‡kœi DËi †Ìqvi Rb¨ Avjv`v †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †bB| †kvbv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †gvU `ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~j welq eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ï‡b welq eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: c~‡e©i †kªYx¸‡jv‡Z 2.1 †kªYx Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~jfve ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv I Avb›` jvf Kivi welqwU wQ‡jv| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z G‡m †m¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk Qov I KweZv ÔcÖwgZ D”Pvi‡YÕ †kvbvi Ici ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2.2 †hvM¨Zvi †¶‡ÎI GKB K_v cÖ‡hvR¨| Z‡e K‡_vcK_b ï‡b †evSvi welqwU Z…Zxq †kªYx‡ZB 1.4 As‡kI G‡m‡Q| GQvov cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z †hLv‡b mßv‡ni mvZ w`b, evi gv‡mi bvg I Qq FZzi bvg eySvi K_v ejv n‡qwQ‡jv, †m¸‡jv Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z Abycw¯’Z| A_©vr Avkv Kiv n‡”Q, wØZxq †kªYx‡ZB G †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi AwR©Z n‡e| Qov, KweZv, K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv-m¤úwK©Z me ai‡bi welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z| wk¶‡Ki h_vh_ wb‡`©kbvq G welqe ‘ ‡jvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv GB †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| †kvbv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| G cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †mwU n‡”Q: 3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z h_vµ‡g GK †_‡K cÂvk I GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b †evSvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †miKg wbw`©ó K‡i †Ìqv nq wb| cwie‡Z© cv‡V †hme msL¨vevPK kã eëüZ n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv ï‡b †evSvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GQvov cÖ_g `ywU †kªYx‡Z msL¨vevPK k‡ãi mv‡_ msL¨v ï‡b †evSvi K_v _vK‡jI GLv‡b msL¨vi welqwU †bB| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ_g `yB †kªYx‡Z bv _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z msL¨vevP‡Ki mv‡_ µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eySvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, A_©vr G AskwU GLv‡b bZzb K‡i hy³ n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz ejv n‡q‡Q, cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e, myZivs GLv‡b †Kvb& ch©š— msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã _vK‡e, †mwU wbf©i Ki‡e cvV¨cy —K iPwqZv‡ì Ici| eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã _vK‡jI †m¸‡jv cwigv‡Y Kg| Z‡e MwYZ eB‡Z G m¤úwK©Z †ek wKQz cvV I Abykxjbx _vKvi K_v| †h Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv evsjv wel‡q G m¤úwK©Z ch©vß cvV I Abykxjbx mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv nq wb| GQvov wewfbœ cv‡V wKQy ZvwiL i‡q‡Q|

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ejv: Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ ejv As‡k PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 13wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ cuvPwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ wZbwU, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU Ges †kl A_©vr PZz_©wUi Rb¨ ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wPÎ 13 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, eª v‡Ki DcKi‡Y AwaKvsk AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkK ev cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ nIqvi PvB‡Z AvswkK cÖwZdj‡bi nvi †ewk| ejv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 evsjv hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z I D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ey‡S ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Ñ (G As‡k †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv †bB) 1.4 wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, wb‡`©k I †NvlYvi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖkœ ï‡b DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: eY©gvjv I hy³eY© ejvi avivevwnKZvq 1.1 †hvM¨ZvwU‡Z Ôhy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ¯úó I ï×fv‡eÕ D”PviY Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Gi Av‡M ïay hy³eY© ejvi K_v ejv n‡qwQ‡jv| Z‡e GLv‡b ejv I D”PviY Ki‡Z cvivi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ cwi®‹vi bq| 1.2 †hvM¨ZvwU c~‡e©i †kªYxi avivevwnKZvq G‡m‡Q Z‡e 1.4 †hvM¨ZvwU G †kªYx‡Z bZzb| 1.5 †hvM¨Zvq cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖkœ ï‡b DËi †`Iqvi welqwU c~‡e©i †kªYx¸‡jv‡Z _vK‡jI GLv‡b K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Kivi I DËi †`Iqvi welqwU cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv G‡m‡Q| eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z hy³eY©-m¤úwK©Z D`vniY ev Abykxjbx ch©vß †bB| Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, wb‡`©k I †NvlYvi welq¸‡jv eB‡Z mivmwi bv Avm‡jI †mLv‡b †hme welqe¯‘ i‡q‡Q, wk¶‡Ki wb‡ ©kbvq †m¸‡jv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| eB‡q K‡_vcK_‡bi welqe ‘ _vK‡jI 1.5 †hvM¨ZvwUi Rb¨ mivmwi Abykxj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| †m ai‡bi wb‡ ©kbv eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z †bB| ejv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZvi g~j welq ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 †`Lv ev †kvbv NUbv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 2.1 †hvM¨ZvwU ûeû wØZxq †kªYxi mv‡_ _vK‡jI 2.2 I 2.3 †hvM¨Zv y‡Uv GB †kªYx‡Z bZzb|

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Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Kiv welqe¯‘ I Abykxjbx i‡q‡Q eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z| Z‡e KweZvi g~j welq ejvi Abykxjbx eB¸‡jv‡Z ch©vß bq| Ab¨w`‡K, †`Lv ev †kvbv NUbv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cvivi †Kv‡bv mivmwi Abykxjbx eB¸‡jv‡Z †bB| eB‡q †hme NUbv i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv wk¶v_©xiv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cvi‡jI †`Lv ev †kvbv NUbv¸‡jv wb‡Ri fvlvq ejvi wKQy Abykxjb _vK‡j wk¶v_©xiv mn‡RB G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡Zv| ejv 3: mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï×, cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

3.1 †kªYxK‡¶ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cÖ‡kœvË‡i welqe¯‘ eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 Rvbv ev †`Lv NUbv cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 we`¨vj‡q, evwo‡Z I wewfbœ cwi‡e‡k AbygwZ PvB‡Z Ges web‡qi m‡½ m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 3.1 †hvM¨Zvq cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abykxjb Kivi I K_v ej‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †mwU ïay †kªYxK‡¶ mxwgZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3.2, 3.3 I 3.4 †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv G †kªYx‡Z bZzb n‡jI Av‡Mi `yB †kªYx‡Z G As‡k †h †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wQ‡jv, †m¸‡jv GB †hvM¨Zvi c~e©eZ©x avc wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b 3.1 I 3.3 †hvM¨Zvq cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi Ici ¸i“Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ eB‡Z PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv my úó wb‡`©kbv †bB| Z‡e †hme Abykxjbx i‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z †kªYxK‡¶ Rvbv ev †`Lv NUbv ejvi g‡Zv †hvM¨Zv wk¶v_©xiv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| 3.2 †hvM¨Zvi cÖ‡kœvË‡i welqe ‘ eywS‡q ejvi g‡Zv Abykxjbx i‡q‡Q| 3.4 †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z G m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV †bB| ejv 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q:

4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡`©kmn ej‡Z cvi‡e| 4.2 Rvbv msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã w`‡q evK¨ MVb K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: Av‡Mi `y †kªYx‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvivi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI G †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡`©kmn ej‡Z cvivi welqwU bZzbfv‡e G‡m‡Q| GQvov Av‡Mi †kªYx¸‡jv‡Z ïay msL¨v ev msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvivi g‡a¨B mxgve× _vK‡jI GLv‡b †m¸‡jv w`‡q evK¨ ˆZwi Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eB‡Z msL¨v, msL¨vevPK kã I µgevPK kã-m¤úwK©Z ch©vß welqe¯‘ ev Abykxjbx †bB| wew”Qbœfv‡e wewfbœ msL¨v, msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã wewfbœ Aa¨v‡q G‡m‡Q| K‡qKwU Aa¨v‡q welqe¯‘-m¤úwK©Z ZvwiL i‡q‡Q| 4.2 †hvM¨Zv‡Z Rvbv msL¨v ej‡Z Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv cwi®‹vi bq| m¤¢eZ Av‡Mi `ywU †kªYx I eZ©gvb †kªYx‡Z eB‡q †h msL¨v¸‡jv i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi K_vB GLv‡b eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Gi evB‡iI MwYZ welqwU

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covi mgq wk¶v_©xiv A‡bK kã Rvb‡Z cv‡i| †m¸‡jv G wel‡qi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ wK-bv Zv ¯úó bq| Aciw`‡K wewfbœ kã w`‡q evK¨ iPbv Kivi ch©vß Abykxjbx _vK‡jI msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã w`‡q evK¨ MVb Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv Abykxjbx †bB| cov: Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ cov As‡k PviwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 10wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ wZbwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ ywU, Z…ZxqwUi Rb¨ PviwU Ges †kl A_©vr PZz_©wUi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 14 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, AwaKvsk AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, bq †Zv G‡Kev‡iB cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Lye Kg| cov 1: evsjv fvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg

k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 Ñ (G As‡k †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv †bB) 1.2 k‡ã eëüZ hy³eY© wP‡b ¯úó I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯úó ¯‡i I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 wewfbœ weivg wPý wP‡b evK¨ I PiY co‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: eY©gvjv covm¤úwK©Z †h †hvM¨ZvwU c~‡e©i †kªYx‡Z wQ‡jv, †mwU G †kªYxi Rb¨ we‡ewPZ nq wb| Z‡e hy³eY© covi †hvM¨ZvwU G‡m‡Q Av‡Mi `yB †kªYxi avivevwnKZvq| cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ c~‡e©i †kªYx¸‡jv‡Z ïay cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi K_v _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z bZzbfv‡e ÔkªeY‡hvM¨ ¯úó ¯‡iÕ covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| weivg wPý wP‡b evK¨ I PiY covi †hvM¨ZvwU GB †kªYx‡ZB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv G‡m‡Q| hy³eY© m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ D`vniY I Abykxjbx ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z Avjv`vfv‡e Abykxjbx †bB| eB‡Z weivgwPý wb‡qI Avjv`v †Kv‡bv Abykxjbx ev cvV †bB| Ab¨w`‡K cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ _vK‡jI †m¸‡jv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi Rb¨ eB‡q Avjv`v †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv †bB| cov 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ `ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv: 2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 eB †`‡L Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 2.1-Gi †hvM¨ZvwU Av‡Mi †kªYx‡Z ïay covi K_v ejv _vK‡jI GLv‡b covi cvkvcvwk eyS‡Z cvivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq †hvM¨ZvwU A_©vr 2.2 †hvM¨ZvwU wØZxq †kªYx †_‡K ûeû Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z G‡m‡Q|

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Dchy©³ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv g~jZ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Yi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z| Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I msjvcÑ me¸‡jv welqB eB‡Z i‡q‡Q ch©vß cwigv‡Y| wKš‘ Qov I KweZvi Abykxj‡b Ave„wË Kivi Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv _vK‡jI cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y covi †Kv‡bv mivmwi wb‡`©kbv †bB| d‡j wk¶‡Ki m‡PZb wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Abykxjb bv Ki‡j wk¶v_©xiv G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| cov 3: evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n¯—v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ PviwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡”Q:

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó nv‡Zi †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cvV¨cy¯—K I mggv‡bi wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ ai‡bi mnR ms‡KZ/wb‡`©k, e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi bvgdjK I Kw¤úDUv‡ii evsjv cvV co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 bxi‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: 3.1 †hvM¨ZvwU ûeû wØZxq †kªYx †_‡K Avm‡jI cieZ©x wZbwU †hvM¨Zv G †kªYx‡Z bZzb G‡m‡Q| cÖ_g †hvM¨ZvwU Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ mivmwi †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv eB‡Z †bB, Z‡e GwU wbf©i Ki‡e wk¶‡Ki Ici| KviY wk¶v_©x‡ì wb‡Ri Ges A‡bï †jLv cov‡bvi welqwU †kªYxK‡¶ Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡gB wbwðZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 3.2 †hvM¨Zvi cÖ_g Ask A_©vr cvV¨cy —K covi `¶Zv wk¶v_©xiv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| wKš‘ mggv‡bi wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB covi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv ev KvR eB¸‡jv‡Z †bB| GwU Avm‡j wbf©i Ki‡e wk¶K I Awffve‡Ki wb‡ ©kbv Ges wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ AvMÖ‡ni Ici| wKš‘ wkï hw` wbR †kªYxi eB¸‡jv co‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j mggv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| 3.3 †hvM¨Zvi †Kv‡bv cvVB †bB| Z‡e cvV¨cy —K¸‡jv †h‡nZz Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úv‡Ri gva¨‡gB ˆZwi, ZvB †k‡lv³ AskwU wk¶v_©xiv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| bxi‡e co‡Z cvivi †hvM¨ZvwU wbf©i K‡i Abykxj‡bi Ici| eB‡qi †Kv_vI bxi‡e co‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv wb‡ ©kbv †bB| cov 4: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡`©kKmn co‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: c~‡e©i `yB †kªYx‡Z GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã covi welq _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jvi cwie‡Z© cv‡V †hme msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã eëüZ n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ZvwiL wb‡`©kK welqwU bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q|

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wPÎ 15. Z…Zxq †kªYxi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb - †jLv

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G †hvM¨ZvwU eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv †kvbv 3 I ejv 4 As‡ki gš—‡e¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †jLv: Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ †jLv As‡k cuvPwU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ †gvU 12wU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ cÖ_g cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ cuvPwU, wØZxqwUi Rb¨ ywU, Z…Zxq I PZz_©wUi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i Ges †klwUi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| wPÎ 15 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, eª v‡Ki DcKi‡Y AwaKvsk AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv AvswkKfv‡e ev cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †jLv 1: evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ cuvPwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

1.1 e‡Y©i MVb wVK †i‡L kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi, djv I hy³eY© eënvi K‡i kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i ï× evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 weivgwPý h_vm¤¢e wP‡b evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: c~‡e©i `yB †kªYx‡Z mwVK AvK…wZ I cwi”Qbœfv‡e eY©gvjv †jLvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z e‡Y©i MV‡bi Ici †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i †jLvi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z Kvi-Gi mv‡_ djv I hy³eY© hy³ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq A_©vr 1.3 †hvM¨ZvwU wØZxq †kªYxi ûeû, hwÌ GwU cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z †kvbvi e`‡j †`‡L †jLvi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv| 1.4-G cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i ï× evK¨ †jLvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z GB †hvM¨Zv bv _vK‡jI wØZxq †kªYx‡Z ïay evK¨ †jLvi †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv| Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z G‡m ï×Zvi welqwU G‡m‡Q| 1.5-G weivgwPý h_vm¤¢e wP‡b wjL‡Z cvivi †hvM¨ZvwU wØZxq †kªYxi avivevwnKZvq G‡m‡Q| wØZxq †kªYx‡Z ïay weivgwPý †jLvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡jI GLv‡b ev‡K¨ weivgwPý eënv‡ii welqwU G‡m‡Q| e‡Y©i MVb wVK †i‡L, Kvi, djv I hy³eY© eënvi K‡i Ges cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ †jLvi Rb¨ ch©vß welqe ‘ i‡q‡Q eB‡Z| Z‡e hy³eY©-m¤úwK©Z Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM †bB| GQvov cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã ev evK¨ ï‡b †jLvi Rb¨ †h ai‡bi Abykxjbx _vKv ìKvi, ZvI †bB| d‡j wk¶‡Ki m‡PZb wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡j wk¶v_©x‡ì c‡¶ G †hvM¨ZvwU AR©b Kiv KwVb| cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ †jLvi Rb¨ cÖPzi Abykxjb i‡q‡Q eB‡Z| weivgwPý wP‡b evK¨ †jLvi Rb¨ Abykxjb ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z †bB| GLv‡b AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvq Ôh_vm¤¢eÕ kãwU w`‡q Kx eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q, ZvI cwi®‹vi bq| Avi Dchy©³ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi welqe¯‘ eB‡Z _vK‡jI ch©vß wb‡`©kbvi Afv‡e †m¸‡jv wk¶v_©x‡ì cy‡ivcywi AwR©Z bvI n‡Z cv‡i| †jLv 2: evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ `ywU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

2.1 cvV¨cy —‡Ki Qov I KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 welqwfwËK mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z G As‡k †h †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv wQ‡jv, Zvi †Kv‡bvwUB Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z Av‡m wb| GLv‡b †h `y‡Uv †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv G‡m‡Q|

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cvV¨cy —‡Ki Qov I KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ h‡_ó welqe¯‘ I Abykxjbx eª v‡Ki ÔG‡mv cwoÕ eB‡Z i‡q‡Q| GQvov welqwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi †jLvi AbykxjbI i‡q‡Q ch©vß| †jLv 3: msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cvi‡e| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: c~‡e©i `yB †kªYx‡Z GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã covi welq _vK‡jI Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z †m¸‡jvi cwie‡Z© cv‡V †hme msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã eëüZ n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv covi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b ZvwiL wb‡`©kK welqwU bZzb hy³ n‡q‡Q| G †hvM¨ZvwU eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv †kvbv 3 I ejv 4 As‡ki gš—‡e¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †jLv 4: ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úó fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ GKwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨ZvwU n‡jv: 4.1 mnR fvlvq cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡ki K_v wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z GB As‡k †Kv‡bv †kªYx Dc‡hvMx welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv bv| Z…Zxq †kªYx †_‡KB GwU ïi“ n‡q‡Q| cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤úwK©Z †ek K‡qKwU cvV i‡q‡Q eBwU‡Z| GQvov cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi K_vI G‡m‡Q| welqe ‘ ‡jv‡Z †jLvi †h Abykxjb i‡q‡Q, Zvi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì mn‡RB cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvivi K_v| †jLv 5: mvaviY wPwV Ges ìLv — wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv| G welqwfwËK cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi Aax‡b Z…Zxq †kªYxi Rb¨ wZbwU AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv n‡jv:

5.1 AvcbR‡bi Kv‡Q mnR fvlvq wPwV wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.2 ìLv¯— wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.3 mnR dig c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

c~‡e©i †kªYxi mv‡_ cv_©K¨: cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªYx‡Z G As‡kI †Kv‡bv †kªYx Dc‡hvMx welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv wQ‡jv bv| Z…Zxq †kªYx †_‡KB GwU ïi“ n‡q‡Q| AvcbR‡bi Kv‡Q mnR fvlvq wPwV †jLvi GKwU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q eB‡Z| †mLv‡b mivmwi GKwU wPwV †Ìqv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z wPwV m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©xiv aviYv †c‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ wPwV †jLvi wbqgKvbyb ejv nq wb| wk¶K hw` m‡PZbfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì Kxfv‡e wPwV wjL‡Z nq, Zv bv †kLvb Zvn‡j ï×fv‡e wPwV †jLvi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Aciw`‡K ìLv — †jLvi †Kv‡bv cvV eB‡Z †bB| dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv m¤úwK©Z †Kv‡bv cvV †bB|

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Av‡jvPbv I Dcmsnvi GUv wVK †h, cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb GKKfv‡e cvVëB‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv; cvVëB‡qi cvkvcvwk Míavivi eB, wk¶K mnvwqKv, wkLb-wk¶Y Kvh©vejx BZ¨vw` A‡bK wKQzi Ici wbf©i K‡i| d‡j me †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb GKKfv‡e wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ cy‡ivcywi _vK‡eÑ GUv Avkv Kiv wVK bq| Z‡e cvVëB‡qi mxwgZ cwim‡i hZ ~i m¤¢e nq, Z‡Zv¸‡jv †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi †Póv _vKv ìKvi| ZvQvov Ggb A‡bK †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv gyw`ªZ †Kv‡bv DcKi‡Yi PvB‡Z wfbœZi wk‡¶vcKiY `vwe K‡i wKsev Avjv`v Kg©Kv‡Êi gva¨‡g †m¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| eB‡Z me©vwaK msL¨K G KvRwU Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Av‡iKwU Dcv‡q| †h‡nZz GbwmwUwe wba©vwiZ cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, Kv‡RB GKvwaK cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡i GKwU welqe¯‘ I Abykxjb mvRv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| GQvov Ggb wKQz †hvM¨Zv Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi Rb¨ cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avjv`v welqe¯‘i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv, GKwU welqe¯‘‡KB wewfbœfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i †m¸‡jv c~iY Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ i‡Oi eënvi I cwiwPwZ| †h‡nZz eB¸‡jvi GKwU Ask iwOb, †m‡nZz i‡Oi Rb¨ GKwU Avjv`v welqe¯‘ bv †i‡L wewfbœ Aa¨vq wewfbœ i‡O mvwR‡q †mLv‡b ch©vß wb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g †hvM¨ZvwUi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv hvq| A_©vr cÖwZ‡¶‡ÎB mxwgZ welqe¯‘i g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P msL¨K AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb m¤¢e Ges †mwU Kiv ìKvi| cvkvcvwk ïay eB‡Z cÖwZdjb _vK‡jB Pj‡e bv, ch©vß wb‡`©kbv I Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv †h‡bv †m¸‡jv ev —e Rxe‡b PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i, †m welqwUi cÖwZI j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î wk¶K mnvwqKv †ek Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †ekwKQz †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi wel‡q wk¶K mnvwqKvq wb‡`©kbv _vK‡j wk¶K †m¸‡jv mn‡RB ev —evqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgbÑ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv| GKwU wbw`©ó ch©vq ch©š— cvVëB‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejvi Abykxjbx _vK‡jI cieZ©x mg‡q wk¶K mnvwqKvq GB Abykxjbx Pjgvb ivLvi wb‡`©kbv cÖ vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; hv‡Z wk¶K eyS‡Z cv‡ibÑ cvVëB‡Z bv _vK‡jI wk¶v_©x‡ì GwU ev —e Rxe‡b eënv‡ii Af¨vm Kiv‡Z n‡e| G M‡elYvi cÖvß we‡k−lY †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, A‡bK †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨ZvB i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv mvgvb¨ GKUz wb‡`©kbvi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y cvVëB ev wb‡ ©wkKvq fv‡jvfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ nq wb| †hgb- GKB †hvM¨Zvi nq‡Zv †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv- PviwU AskB i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ eB‡Z †Kej `ywU ev wZbwUi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv i‡q‡Q| d‡j ¯vfvweKfv‡eB evwK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZ n‡”Q bv| GLv‡b wk¶K hw` wb‡R †_‡K †m¸‡jvi Abykxjb wk¶v_©x‡ì bv Kivb, Zvn‡j GKRb wk¶v_©xi H †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv Ac~Y© _vKvi m¤¢vebv †ewk| cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi fvlv I Gi web¨vm wb‡qI cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq| wKQy wKQy †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ gvbvbmB| Avevi Ggb wKQy †hvM¨Zv †mLv‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e PgrKvi wKš‘ Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †m¸‡jv AR©b Kiv KwVb| d‡j †m‡¶‡Î †m¸‡jvi Dc‡hvwMZv wb‡qI cÖkœ †Zvjv hvq| we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi mb wKsev eÜyevÜe‡ì Rb¥ZvwiL g‡b ivLv cÖvwš—K Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ Lye KwVb| Aciw`‡K w`bcwÄ †jLvi †hvM¨Zv Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z KZUzKz Dc‡hvMx ZvI †f‡e †`Lv ìKvi| ZvQvov AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e w`bcwÄ †jLvi K_v ejv n‡jI †mwU wK m„Rbkxj †jLvi GKwU †¶Î n‡e, bvwK ¯vfvweK eY©bvg~jK †jLvi PP©vi GKwU †¶Î n‡e- ZvI ¯úó bq| G welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡q eZ©gvb mg‡qi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K bZzb K‡i web¨ — Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ GKwU M‡elYvq GbwmwUwecÖYxZ eB¸‡jvi we‡k−l‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q, AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cÖwZdj‡bi †¶‡Î †mLv‡bI GKB ai‡bi NvUwZ wQ‡jv| d‡j G w`K w`‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi eB-B ¯qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| Dfq cÖwZôv‡bi cvV¨DcKi‡Yi †ek wKQz kw³kvjx I mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| G‡KKwU eB G‡KKw`‡K

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kw³kvjx| †m Kvi‡Y `ywU cÖwZôvbB A‡bï kw³kvjx w`K¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i †mLvb †_‡K AwfÁZv wb‡q Kvh©Ki eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| djvdj As‡k †kªYxwfwËK †h AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb we‡k−lY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mLvb †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, A‡bK †hvM¨ZvB i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv GKwU wba©vwiZ †kªYx‡Z cÖwZdwjZ nIqvi e`‡j Ab¨ †kªYx‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡”Q| d‡j cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi wePv‡i †m¸‡jv nq‡Zv wVKfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ejv †M‡jI †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †h wk¶vcÖ v‡bi K_v ejv nq, †m D‡Ïk¨ e¨nZ n‡”Q| †m Kvi‡Y cÖwZwU †kªYxi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡i eª vKcÖYxZ eB I wk¶v mnvwqKv cwigvR©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Dchy©³ djvdj I Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQz mycvwik wb‡gœ D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv: • cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hme AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi fvlv Ges D‡Ïk¨ cwi®‹vi bq, †m¸‡jv cwigvR©b I

cybtwe©‡ePbv Kiv ìKvi| GB KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e mswk−ó KZ…©c¶ A_©vr GbwmwUwe‡K| • eª vK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©x‡ì wewfbœ cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B GK †kªYxi †kªYxwfwËK

AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Ab¨ †kªYx‡Z cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wKbv, †m welqwU AviI my¯úó Kiv ìKvi| hw` †mwUi ìKvi bv nq, Zvn‡j wbw`©ó †kªYxi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv †mB †kªYx‡ZB AR©‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

• cvVëB, Míavivi eB ev wk¶K mnvwqKvi gva¨‡g hv‡Z cÖvwš—K I †kªYxwfwËK †hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi cÖwZdjb wVKg‡Zv nq, †mw`‡K j¶ †i‡L G eB¸‡jv I wk¶K mnvwqKv iPbv I m¤úv`bv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

• cvVëB‡q eëüZ wewfbœ D`vniY I we‡klY cÖ‡qv‡M AviI mZK©Zv ìKvi| cvVëB‡q eëüZ D`vniY¸‡jv mgmvgwqK NUbvi Av‡jv‡K †Ìqv ìKvi| †m‡¶‡Î GKwU wbw`©ó mgq cici cvVëB¸‡jv cwigvR©b I cwiea©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

• GKB welqe ‘ ev Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e GKvwaK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv hvq, †m welqwUi cÖwZ j¶¨ †i‡L eB‡qi welqe¯‘ ‡jv cwigvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

• †h wb‡ ©kbv¸‡jv mivmwi cvVëB‡Z †Ìqv m¤¢e bq, †m¸‡jv †h‡bv Aek¨B wk¶K mnvwqKv‡Z _v‡K †m wel‡q AviI ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv ìKvi|

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MÖš’cÄx Lvb, †gvnv¤§` †di`vDm Ges †eMg, Lv‡Zgb Aviv| wkï| XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1985|

cÖv_wgK wk¶vq evsjv wel‡q wk¶K cÖwk¶Y g¨vbyqvj| XvKv, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW©, 2003|

wdbmvi, †Uvwib Gg. (Aby.)| wk¶vi AwfhvÎv| XvKv, BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW, 2003|

gymv, gbmyi Ges Ab¨vb¨| cÖv_wgK —‡ii cvV¨cy —‡Ki fvlvZvwË¡K g~j¨vqb| XvKv, wk¶v cÖKíb I Dbœqb M‡elYv dvD‡Ûkb (†d«cW), 2003|

ivq, †MŠZg I Ab¨vb¨| cÖv_wgK —‡ii †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb ch©v‡jvPbv: LÊ GK- GbwmwUwecÖYxZ evsjv eB| XvKv, eª vK M‡elYv I g~j¨vqb wefvM, 2008|

jwZd, Avey nvwg`| evsjv‡`‡ki DcvbyôvwbK wk¶v| XvKv, Avey nvwg` jwZd, 2001|

jwZd, Avey nvwg`| wk¶v wkLb wk¶Y cÖwk¶Y| XvKv, Avey nvwg` jwZd, 2007|

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cwiwkó

cwiwkó 1: GbwmwUwe cÖYxZ 53wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv 1. mekw³gvb mªóv I we‡k¦i kvmbKZ©v Avj−vni GK‡Z¡ AUj wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv| 2. Avj−vni Amxg AbyMÖ‡ni Rb¨ K…ZÁZv‡eva Kiv Ges mKj Kv‡R Zuv‡K ¯§i‡Yi gva¨‡g †m K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kiv| 3. Avj−vni ivmyj nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (`t) Gi/ ¯ ¯ ag© cÖeZ©‡Ki RxebPwiZ Rvbv I Zv‡ì wk¶v I Av`k© AbymiY

Kiv| 4. mªóvi mKj m„wó‡K fv‡jvevmv| 5. mKj ag©vej¤xi cÖwZ m¤§vb I mnbkxjZv cÖKvk Kiv| 6. bvix-cyi“l, abx-wba©b, †ckv I Rxeb avivi êwPÎ¨ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ k©b Kiv| 7. KvwqK kªghy³ Kv‡R AvMÖnx nIqv I kªgRxwe gvby‡li cÖwZ AvMÖnx nIqv| 8. wcZvgvZv, ¸i“Rb, cÖwZ‡ekx I AvZ¥xq¯Rb‡ì cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ k©b I KZ©e¨ cvjb Kiv| 9. cwiev‡ii m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges M„nK‡g© AskMÖnY Kiv| 10. mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY Kiv| 11. evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK wn‡m‡e wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ m¤‡Ü Rvbv Ges bvMwiK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv| 12. Ac‡ii gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM`vb Ges e¨³ gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ k©b| 13. we`¨vjq KZ…©K M„nxZ wewfbœ Kvh©µg m¤‡Ü mw¤§wjZfv‡e wm×vš— MÖn‡Y mwµq f~wgKv cvjb Kiv| 14. mZZv I wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g †hvM¨ `j‡bZv I `‡ji m`m¨ wn‡m‡e M‡o IVv| 15. †`k‡K Rvbv I fv‡jvevmv| 16. RvZxq HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z (fvlv, †jvK m½xZ, Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv Ges cÖL¨vZ e¨w³Z¡) †MŠie‡eva Kiv| 17. RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq m½x‡Zi cÖwZ kª×v cÖ k©b Kiv| 18. m¤ú‡ì AcPq cwinvi Kiv| 19. my ’ Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ mej †`n MV‡bi ¸i“Z¡ eySv| 20. †Ljvayjv Ges kixiPP©vq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mej †`n MV‡b AvMÖnx nIqv| 21. ˆ`wnK I cvwicvwk¦©K ¯v¯’ wewa Rvbv I cvjb Kiv| 22. mylg Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv, Gi ¸i“Z¡ eySv Ges Giƒc Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi Af¨vm Kiv| 23. mvaviY †ivM-e¨vwa, G¸wji KviY I mZK©ZvgyjK eë ’v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges mZK©Zv Aej¤‡b AvMÖnx nIqv| 24. mnR evsjv fvlvq Qvcv I nv‡Z †jLv welqe¯‘ ey‡S ï×fv‡e co‡Z cviv Ges cVb `¶Zv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv

fvlvq wjwLZ welqe ‘ c‡o ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv| 25. ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve mnR evsjv fvlvq ï× I ¯úófv‡e wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv, mvaviY wPwV I

ìLv — wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dg© c~iY Ki‡Z cviv| 26. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ mwVK I Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï× PjwZ

evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| 27. mnR PjwZ evsjvq K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| 28. msL¨vi †gŠwjK aviYv jvf Kiv Ges msL¨v eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 29. MwY‡Zi PviwU †gŠwjK wbqg Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 30. ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡b wnmve-wbKv‡ki mnR †KŠkj¸‡jv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 31. gy ªv, ˆ`N© , IRb, †¶Îdj, AvqZb I mg‡qi GKK¸‡jv Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 32. R¨vwgwZK AvKvi-AvK…wZ¸wj †Pbv I eySv| 33. Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mvg_© AR©b Kiv| 34. cvVëwnf~©Z eB-cy —K, msev`cÎ Ges mvgwqK cwÎKv cv‡Vi Af¨vm MVb Kiv| 35. ¯vaxbfv‡e wPš—v Kiv Ges wb‡Ri gZ e¨³ Kivi mvg_© AR©b Kiv| 36. bZzb a¨vb-aviYv MÖnY Ges Ac‡ii m‡½ †mme aviYv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvq AvMÖnx nIqv| 37. wb‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Ac‡ii MVbg~jK mgv‡jvPbv MÖnY I eënv‡i AvMÖnx nIqv| 38. ch©‡e¶Y I AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g wbKU cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek‡K Rvbv I eySv| 39. wRÁvmv mywbw`©ó Kiv, cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ e¯‘ ch©‡e¶Y I †kªYxKiY Kiv Ges mnR Abygvb Kivi ÔêÁvwbK

AbymÜvb `¶ZvÕ AR©b Kiv| 40. KviY I djvd‡ji m¤úK© mbv³ Kiv Ges ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mvaviY mgm¨v m¤úwK©Z mnR cix¶Y Kiv|

39

41. weÁvb I cÖhyw³i eënv‡i ˆ`bw›`b RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb ch©‡e¶Y Kiv, mbv³ Kiv Ges Gi ¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä Kiv| 42. bKkv A¼b, wPÎv¼b, gvwUi KvR, KvM‡Ri KvR, m½xZ, b„Z¨, bvUK BZ¨vw` wkíKjvi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K cÖKvk

Ki‡Z cviv| 43. cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki †mŠ›`h© ch©‡e¶Y I Dcjwä Kiv| 44. wbR¯ wRwbmcÎ I cwi‡eóbx †mŠ›`h©gwÊZ Kivi Af¨vm MVb Kiv| 45. wbqgk„•Ljv AbymiY Kiv| 46. e¨w³MZ I Rbmvavi‡Yi m¤ú‡ì hZœ †bIqv| 47. mgqvbyewZ©Zvi Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv| 48. wewfbœ m¤úK©hy³ e¨w³i m‡½ wKiƒc AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Rvbv Ges Z`vbyhvqx wkóvPvi Abykxjb Kiv| 49. Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi Rxebaviv m¤ú‡K© AvMÖnx nIqv| 50. Bs‡iwR fvlvq Qvcv I nv‡Z †jLv mnR welqe ‘ co‡Z cviv| 51. Bs‡iwR fvlvq mnR K‡_vcK_b, Mí I Qov †kvbv, eySv Ges Avb›` jvf Kiv| 52. wbR ch©‡e¶Y I aviYv eySvevi Rb¨ Bs‡iwR‡Z evK¨ ej‡Z cviv| 53. Bs‡iwR‡Z ï× I ¯úó K‡i cwiwPZ e ‘i msw¶ß weeiY wjL‡Z cviv| cwiwkó 2: cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi †kªYxwefvM †Wv‡gBb cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zvi b¤i msL¨v Ávbg~jK 19, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 50, 52, 53 13 wek¦vm-g‡bvfvegyjK 1, 4, 7, 16, 36, 37 6 `¶Zv-Af¨vmg~jK 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 34, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47 13 Ávbg~jK+wek¦vm-g‡bvfvegyjK 15, 23, 49 3 Ávbg~jK+`¶Zv-Af¨vmg~jK 3, 9, 10, 11, 21, 22, 24, 27, 39, 40, 48 11 wek¦vm-g‡bvfvegyjK+`¶Zv-Af¨vmg~jK

2, 14, 20, 42, 43 5

Ávbg~jK+wek¦vm-g‡bvfvegyjK+`¶Zv-Af¨vmg~jK

41, 51 2

m~Î: Nath SR and Chowdhury (Edited) (2001), A question of quality- State of Primary Education in Bangladesh:

Achievement of Competencies, Dhaka: Campaign for Popular Education and The University Press Limited.

40

cwiwkó 3: cwigvwR©Z 50wU cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv 1. me©kw³gvb Avj−vnZvÕqvjvi cÖwZ AUj Av¯’v I wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv| 2. m„wóKZ©v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges mªóv‡K mKj Kv‡R ¯§iY Kiv I Zuvi cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kiv| 3. Avj−vni ivmyj nhiZ gynv¤§` (m:) Gi/ ¯ ¯ a‡g©i cÖeZ©‡Ki RxebPwiZ Rvbv Ges Zv‡ì wk¶v I Av`k© AbymiY

Kiv| 4. ¯ ¯ ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges ¯ ¯ a‡g©i Abykvmb Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g ˆbwZK I PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewj AR©b Kiv| 5. mªóvi mKj m„wó‡K fvjevmv| 6. RvwZ-ag©-eY©, bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji cÖwZ m¤§vb I mnbkxjZv cÖ k©b Kiv| 7. Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki gvbyl m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges Zuv‡ì cÖwZ fvjevmv I ggZ¡‡eva mÂvi Kiv| 8. gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv Ges my›ì Rxeb MV‡b m‡PZb nIqv| 9. wb‡Ri AwaKvi Ges A‡bï AwaKvi m¤‡Ü m‡PZb nIqv| 10. Ac‡ii gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM`vb Kiv Ges e¨³ gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ k©b Kiv| 11. mK‡ji cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZvc~Y© Ges eÜzZ¡myjf AvPiY Kiv| 12. KvwqK kªghy³ Kv‡R AvMÖnx nIqv Ges kªgRxex gvby‡li cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqv| 13. cvwievwiK m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©e¨ m¤‡Ü Rvbv Ges M„nK‡g© AskMÖnY Kiv| 14. mvgvwRK I we`¨vj‡qi Kg©Kv‡Ê mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri I Ac‡ii AwaKvi, KZ…©e¨ I `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©

m‡PZb nIqv| 15. MYZvwš¿K ixwZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqv Ges mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e wbR `vwqZ¡ I KZ…©e¨ m¤‡Ü mRvM nIqv| 16. ¯v_©Z¨v‡Mi g‡bvfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ n‡q †`kMVbgyjK Kv‡R AskMÖnY Kiv| 17. evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae ’v Ges êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© m¤§K Ávb jvf Kiv| 18. gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖg I RvZxqZv‡ev‡a DØy× nIqv| 19. RvZxq BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ I mvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges G wel‡qi cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqv| 20. cwi‡ek Dbœqb I msi¶‡Y mwµq nIqv| 21. wek¦-åvZ…Z¡ Ges wewfbœ †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ D`viZv‡eva Ges wek¦kvwš— †PZbvi cÖwZ AvMÖnx nIqv| 22. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivóªxq m¤ú‡ì myô eënvi I msi¶‡Y hZœkxj nIqvi `„wófw½ MVb Kiv| 23. †`‡ki µgea©gvb RbmsL¨v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv Ges cwi‡e‡ki Dci Gi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv jvf Kiv| 24. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 25. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, e³„Zv, eY©bv I K‡_vcK_b g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| 26. mncvVx I Ab¨‡ì m‡½ †evaMg¨fv‡e ï× Ges cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y PwjZ evsjvq ej‡Z cviv| 27. evsjv fvlvq Qvcv I nv‡Z †jL welqe ‘ ï×fv‡e co‡Z cviv Ges cwVZ welqe ‘i gg© Abyaveb Kiv| 28. ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve evsjv fvlvq ï× I ¯úófv‡e wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv, mvaviY wPwV I ìLv —

wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig cyiY Ki‡Z cviv | 29. msL¨vi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges msL¨v eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 30. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK (ZvwiLmn) kã mg~n ïb‡Z, ej‡Z, co‡Z I wjL‡Z cviv| 31. MwY‡Zi cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 32. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ e¯‘i R¨vwgwZK AvKvi AvK…wZ †Pbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 33. ˆ`N© , IRb, †¶Îdj, AvqZb, mgq Ges gy ªvi GKK Rvbv I eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 34. ev —egyLx Ges Z_¨wfwËK mnR mgm¨v mgvav‡b MvwYwZK †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 35. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn, web¨vm I cÖwµqvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 36. K¨vjKz‡jUi I Kw¤úDUvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv Ges wnmve wbKv‡k K¨vjKz‡jUi eënvi Ki‡Z cviv| 37. RbmsL¨v welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡b MvwYwZK Ávb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 38. Bs‡iwR fvlvq mnR K‡_vcK_b, Mí I Qov †kvbv, †evSv Ges Dc‡fvM Kiv| 39. ch©‡e¶Y, aviYv I g‡bvfve Bs‡iwR‡Z mnR ï× ev‡K¨ ej‡Z cviv| 40. Bs‡iwR fvlvq Qvcv I nv‡Z †jLv welqe ‘ co‡Z I eyS‡Z cviv| 41. Bs‡iwR‡Z ï× I mnRfv‡e AwfÁZv I cwiwPZ welq m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß weeiY wjL‡Z cviv| 42. ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb hvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ weÁvb I cÖhyw³i eënvi m¤úv‡K© Ávb AR©b Kiv| 43. êÁvwbK c×wZ Aej¤‡b mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Af¨vm MVb Kiv| 44. weÁvbm¤§Z `„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjv|

41

45. ch©‡e¶Y I AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g cwi‡ek‡K Rvbv Ges AwR©Z Áv‡bi wfwË‡Z wewfbœ e¯‘ I NUbv‡K †kªYxKiY Ki‡Z cviv|

46. Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv PP©vi (†hgb, bKkv AsKb, wPÎv¼b, gvwU, KvV, Kvco I KvM‡Ri KvR) gva¨‡g m„wói êwPÎ¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqv Ges wb‡Ri m„RbkxjZv weKvk I †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fv‡Mi †¶Î cÖmvi Kiv|

47. msMxZ, b„Z¨ Ges bv‡Uï gva¨‡g wb‡Ri m„RbkxjZv, †mŠ›`h©‡PZbv, bv›`wbK‡eva I eyw×i DrKl© mvab Kiv| 48. †Ljvayjv Ges kixiPP©vq AvMÖnx nIqv| 49. my ’ Rxeb hvc‡bi j‡¶¨ ¯v¯’ wewa Rvbv I cvjb Kiv| 50. mZZv, b¨vq‡eva, KZ…©e¨‡eva, k„•Ljv‡eva I wkóvPvimn mK‡ji m‡½ wg‡jwg‡k evm Kivi gvbwmKZv AR©b Ges

AvPi‡Y DØy× nIqv| cwiwkó 4: cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv - evsjv †kvbv 1. evsjvfvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqgk„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv; 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv; 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| ejv 1. evsjvfvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqgk„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv; 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv; 3. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï×, cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v

ej‡Z cviv; 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| cov 1. evsjvfvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqgk„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv; 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv; 3. evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n —v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv; 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| †jLv 1. evsjvfvlvi MVb cÖYvjx, evK¨web¨vm I wbqgk„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv; 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³„Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv; 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cviv; 4. ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úófvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv; 5. mvaviY wPwV I ìLv — wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig cyiY Ki‡Z cviv|

cwiwkó 5: †kªYxwfwËK cÖvwš—K I AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg welq: gvZ…fvlvÑevsjv

cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv

cÖ_g †kYx wØZxq †kªYx Z…Zxq †kªYx PZy_© †kªYx cÂg †kªYx †kvbv: 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv|

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.2 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ, wb‡ ©k I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 evsjv eY© I hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, †NvlYv I wb‡ ©k ï‡b cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z I DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 cwiwPZ I AaxZ kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ ai‡bi kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, wb‡ ©k I †NvlYv ï‡b h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 - 1.5 K‡_vcK_b I cÖkœ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 Ñ 1.2 wewfbœ ai‡bi K_v ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Ñ 1.4 Ñ 1.5 Ñ 1.6 †iwWI-†Uwjwfk‡b cwVZ msev` ï‡b eyS‡Z I AbymiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv|

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b I Mí ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~j welq eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ï‡b welq eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~j welq I fve eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Mí, eY©bv I Av‡jvPbv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ï‡b g~j welqe¯‘ eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~j welq I fve Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Mí, eY©bv, bvwUKv, e³e¨ I Av‡jvPbv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ï‡b welqe¯‘ I NUbvaviv eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y e³…Zv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

3.msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv|

3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 Ñ 3.1 cv‡V I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

ejv:

43

cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv †kªYxwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cÖ_g †kYx wØZxq †kªYx Z…Zxq †kªYx PZy_© †kªYx cÂg †kªYx

1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯i I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv I cÖ‡qvRbxq hy³eY© ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯i I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 web‡qi m‡½ Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 ey‡S cÖkœ Ki‡Z I c~Y©ev‡K¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 evsjv hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z I D”PviY cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ey‡S ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 - 1.4 wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, wb‡ ©k I †NvlYvi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖkœ ï‡b DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 cwiwPZ I AaxZ kã cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Ñ 1.3 Ñ 1.4 Ñ 1.5 K‡_vcK_b ï‡b h_vh_fv‡e cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖkœ ï‡b DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 cwiwPZ I AaxZ evK¨ h_vh_ ixwZ‡Z I ¯vfvweK MwZ i¶v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 wewfbœ ai‡bi evK¨ ¯úó I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ej‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Ñ 1.4 Ñ 1.5 K‡_vcK_b I e³e¨ ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z, DËi w`‡Z I wb‡Ri gZvgZ ej‡Z cvi‡e|

2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv|

2.1 wb‡Ri cwiPq, evev-gvi cwiPq Ges mncvVx‡ì bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov, KweZv I Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 wb‡Ri wVKvbv I cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 wb‡Ri K_vq cwiwPZ welq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e I K‡_vcK_‡b Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ci ci ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.6 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZvi g~j welq ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 †`Lv ev †kvbv NUbv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Ñ 2.2 Qov I KweZvi g~j fve ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Ñ 2.4 Qov I KweZvi wel‡q †QvU †QvU cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 mnR wel‡q eY©bv I Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Q›` eRvq †i‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZvi g~jfve I welq eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Ñ 2.4 mnR wel‡q eY©bv I Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡Ri gZvgZ ej‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 mnR wel‡q e³…Zv w`‡Z cvi‡e|

3. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï× cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv|

3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv Abykxjb Ki‡e| 3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL ev¯—‡e I Qwe †`‡L bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ is wP‡b i‡Oi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL †`‡L Zv‡ì eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj-dj, RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 †kªYxK‡¶ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cÖ‡kœvË‡i welqe¯‘ eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 Rvbv ev †`Lv NUbv cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 we`¨vj‡q, evwo‡Z I wewfbœ cwi‡e‡k AbygwZ PvB‡Z Ges web‡qi m‡½ m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 we`¨vj‡q cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z c~Y©ev‡K¨ K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 Rvbv welqe¯‘ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 Rvbv, †`Lv, †kvbv NUbvi welqe¯‘ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 Ñ

3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z mevi m‡½ K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 ï‡b ev †`‡L welqe¯‘i g~jfve/e³e¨ †evaMg¨fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wb‡Ri AwfÁZvi K_v ¸wQ‡q cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z ej‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 wewfbœ AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK cwi‡e‡k †gŠwLK

44


Avè-Kvq`v cÖKvk I web‡qi m‡½ m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv|

4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡ ©kmn ej‡Z cvi‡e| 4.2 Rvbv msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã w`‡q evK¨ MVb K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 Ñ 4.2 Ñ 4.3 N‡U hvIqv †Kvb NUbvi welqe¯‘ ZvwiL, gvm I mbmn ej‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 Ñ 4.2 Ñ 4.3 Ñ 4.4 †`‡ki wewfbœ RvZxq wèm, mb, gvm, ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cvi‡e| 4.5 cwiev‡ii mevi Rb¥ w`b, ¯‹z‡ji cÖwZôvevwl©Kx eÜz‡ì Kv‡Q mb, gvm I ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cvi‡e|

cov: 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ co‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯‡i, ¯úó I ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 hy³eY© †f‡O co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 - 1.2 k‡ã eëüZ hy³eY© wP‡b ¯úó I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯úó ¯‡i I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 wewfbœ weivg wPý wP‡b evK¨ I PiY co‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 - 1.2 - 1.3 cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯úó ¯‡i I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y h_vm¤¢e ¯vfvweK MwZ‡Z co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 weivg wPý †`‡L A_©hwZ I k¦vmhwZ eRvq †i‡L ¯—eK I Aby‡”Q` co‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 - 1.2 1.3 - k‡ã eëüZ bZzb hy³eY© ¯úó I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 -

2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o gyjfve eyS‡Z cviv|

2.1 Qov, KweZv I Mí co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.5 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg co‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 eB †`‡L Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I bvwUKv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y I h_vm¤¢e ¯^vfvweK MwZ‡Z co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 - 2.3 eB †`‡L Qov I KweZv h_vh_ Q‡›` I ¯ifw½‡Z cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I bvwUKv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y I ¯vfvweK MwZ‡Z co‡Z I g~jfve eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 - 2.3 -

3. evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n¯—v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã co‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó nv‡Zi †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.2 cvV¨cy —K I mggv‡bi

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï †jLv, ¯úó K‡i †jLv wPwVcÎ I ìLv¯— co‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I ¯úóv¶‡i nv‡Z †jLv wPwVcÎ I ìLv¯— co‡Z cvi‡e|

45


Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv|

wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ ai‡bi mnR ms‡KZ/wb‡ ©k, e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi bvgdjK I Kw¤úDUv‡ii evsjv cvV co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 bxi‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

3.2 cvV¨cy —K I mggv‡bi wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB Ges cÎ-cwÎKv co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ ai‡bi mnR ms‡KZ/wb‡ ©k, e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi bvgdjK, weÁvcb, †`qvjcÎ, cÖPvicÎ BZ¨vw` co‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 ¯vfvweK MwZ‡Z bxi‡e co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

3.2 cvV¨cy —K, mggv‡bi wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB Ges cÎ-cwÎKv co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 3.3 wewfbœ ai‡bi mnR ms‡KZ/wb‡ ©k, e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi bvgdjK, weÁvcb, †`qvjcÎ, cÖPvicÎ BZ¨vw` co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| 3.4 - 3.5 ˆ`wbK cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ wewfbœ Le‡ii wk‡ivbvg ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv|

4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã co‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡ ©kKmn co‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡ ©kKmn co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 -

†jLv: 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|

1.1 ¯úó I mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ †`‡L †`‡L wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 hwZ wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 ¯úó, mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z I cwi”Qbœfv‡e evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 weivg wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.6 cvV¨cy —‡Ki †QvU †QvU mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 e‡Y©i MVb wVK †i‡L kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.2 Kvi, djv I hy³eY© eënvi K‡i kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i ï× evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 weivg wPý h_vm¤¢e wP‡b evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 Ñ 1.2 Kvi I djv eënvi K‡i ï×fv‡e kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Ñ 1.4 AaxZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.5 weivg wPý eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.6 mnR kÖ“Zwjwc wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

1.1 Ñ 1.2 h_vh_fv‡e Kvi I djv eënvi K‡i ï×fv‡e kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.3 Ñ 1.4 Ñ 1.5 weivgwPý h_vh_fv‡e eënvi K‡i ï× evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 1.6 ï×fv‡e kÖ“Zwjwc wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv|

2.1 wb‡Ri bvg I evev gvi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Qq FZzi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 wb‡Ri bvg cwiPq I wVKvbv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 cvV¨cy —‡Ki Qov I KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 welqwfwËK mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 Mí, e³…Zv, eY©bv c‡o I ï‡b ï× K‡i cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 welqwfwËK cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 h_vm¤¢e wb‡Ri g‡bvfve e¨³ K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

2.1 cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.2 wb‡Ri g‡bvfve e¨³ K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.3 wbw ©ó wel‡qi g~jfve e¨³ K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 2.4 gvwR©b Ges kã I jvB‡bi g‡a¨ h_vh_ duvK eRvq †i‡L

46


2.4 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

¯vfvweK MwZ‡Z wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cviv|

3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevP kã ZvwiLmn ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 Ñ 3.2 Rvbv msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

3.1 Ñ 3.2 Ñ

4. ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úó fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv|

4.1 mnR fvlvq cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡ki K_v wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 cwiwPZ cwi‡ek I AwfÁZvi K_v wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 4.2 mnR wel‡qi Ici Aby‡”Q` wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

4.1 cwiwPZ cwi‡ek I AwfÁZvi weeiY wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 4.2 mnR fvlvq iPbv wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

5. mvaviY wPwV Ges ìLv¯— wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv|

5.1 AvcbR‡bi Kv‡Q mnR fvlvq wPwV wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.2 ìLv¯— wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.3 mnR dig c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

5.1 Ñ 5.2 wPwV I QzwUi ìLv¯— wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.3 Ñ

5.1 Ñ 5.2 wPwVcÎ I ìLv — ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| 5.3 cÖ‡qvRbxq dig ï×fv‡e c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5.4 w`bcwÄ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

cwiwkó 6: eª vKcÖYxZ eB I wk¶K mnvwqKvq AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zvi cÖwZdjb cÖ_g †kªYx

cÖwZdj‡bi gvÎv cÖvwš—K †hvM¨Zv

AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv cy‡ivcywi AvswkK nq wb

†kvbv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| 1.1 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| � 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| � 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � †kvbv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| 2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b eyS‡Z I Avb›` jvf Ki‡e| � 2.2 K‡_vcK_b I Mí ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

†kvbv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK

kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯î I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e

ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

1.3 Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.4 †QvU †QvU cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e| � ejv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| 2.1 wb‡Ri cwiPq, evev-gvi cwiPq Ges mncvVx‡ì bvg

ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.2 Qov, KweZv I Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 3. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï× cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| 3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ejv Abykxjb Ki‡e| �

3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL ev —‡e I Qwe †`‡L bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

3.3 wewfbœ is wP‡b i‡Oi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK

kã ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

cov 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv co‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.2 Kvi wPý e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ co‡Z cvi‡e| � cov 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o gyjfve eyS‡Z cviv|

48



2.1 Qov, KweZv I Mí co‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.2 Qov I KweZv eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.5 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I Ab¨vb¨

wRwbmc‡Îi bvg co‡Z cvi‡e| �

cov 3. evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n —v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv| 3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv eY© I kã co‡Z cvi‡e| � cov 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK

kã co‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 ¯úó I mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z evsjv eY©gvjv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.2 Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ †`‡L †`‡L wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.4 eY© w`‡q kã ˆZwi K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.5 hwZ wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � †jLv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw`i g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| 2.1 wb‡Ri bvg I evev gvi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.3 Qq FZzi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cviv| 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K cÂvk ch©š— msL¨v I msL¨vevPK

kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

49

wØZxq †kªYx



†kvbv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| 1.1 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e| �

1.2 evsjv hy³e‡Y©i aŸwb âh© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| �

1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, cÖkœ, wb‡`©k I Aby‡iva ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

�

†kvbv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| 2.1 Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cvi‡e I Avb›` jvf

Ki‡e| �

2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.4 Qq FZzi bvg ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � †kvbv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I

msL¨vevPK kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1

evsjv eY©gvjv I cÖ‡qvRbxq hy³eY© ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

1.2 evsjv eY©gvjvi ¯î I e¨ÄbaŸwbmg~n ¯úó I ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

1.3 web‡qi m‡½ Aby‡iva I m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| �

1.4 ey‡S cÖkœ Ki‡Z I c~Y©ev‡K¨ cÖ‡kœi DËi ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

ejv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| 2.1 wb‡Ri wVKvbv I cwiwPZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z

cvi‡e| �

2.2 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 wb‡Ri gZ K‡i Mí ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.4 wb‡Ri K_vq cwiwPZ welq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e I

K‡_vcK_‡b Ask wb‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.5 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg ci ci ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

2.6 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e ej‡Z cvi‡e| � ejv 3. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï× cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| 3.1 cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 3.2 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cï-cvwL †`‡L

Zv‡ì eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e| �

3.3 wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj-dj, RxeRš‘, MvQcvjv I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

ejv 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I

msL¨vevPK kã ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

cov 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|

50



1.1 evsjv eY©gvjv kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯‡i, ¯úó I ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e|

�

1.2 hy³eY© †f‡O co‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z

cvi‡e| �

cov 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o gyjfve eyS‡Z cviv| 2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z

cvi‡e| �

2.2 Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y eB †`‡L Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�

2.3 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e|

�

2.4 Qq FZzi bvg eB †`‡L ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| � cov 3. evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n —v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv| 3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e| � cov 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| 4.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I

msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 ¯úó, mwVK AvK…wZ‡Z I cwi”Qbœfv‡e evsjv eY©gvjv

wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

1.2 Kvi wPý wP‡b e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.5 weivg wPý wP‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.6 cvV¨cy —‡Ki †QvU †QvU mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z

cvi‡e| �

†jLv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| 2.1 wb‡Ri bvg cwiPq I wVKvbv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.2 mßv‡ni mvZ w`‡bi bvg I evsjv evi gv‡mi bvg

wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.3 Qq FZzi bvg ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.4 cwiwPZ dzj-dj, MvQcvjv, RxeRš‘, cïcvwL I

Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi bvg wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cviv| 3.1 evsjv fvlvq GK †_‡K GKk ch©š— msL¨v I

msL¨vevPK kã ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

51

Z…Zxq †kªYx



†kvbv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljvi wel‡q Ávbjvf Kiv| 1.1

evsjv eY© I hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

�

1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ï‡b eyS‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.3 Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, †NvlYv I wb‡`©k ï‡b cvjb Ki‡Z

cvi‡e| �

1.4 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z I DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

�

†kvbv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ï‡b g~jfve eyS‡Z cviv| 2.1 cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Qov I KweZv ï‡b g~j welq eyS‡Z

cvi‡e| �

2.2 K‡_vcK_b, Mí I eY©bv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ï‡b welq eyS‡Z cvi‡e|

�

†kvbv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b eyS‡Z cviv| 3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ï‡b

eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 evsjv hy³eY© mn‡hv‡M MwVZ kã ¯úó I ï×fv‡e

ej‡Z I D”PviY cvi‡e| �

1.2 wewfbœ kã I †QvU †QvU evK¨ ey‡S ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.4 wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, wb‡`©k I †NvlYvi K_v

ej‡Z cvi‡e| �

1.5 K‡_vcK_b ï‡b cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ges cÖkœ ï‡b DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e|

�

ejv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ey‡S ej‡Z cviv| 2.1 Qov I KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.2 Qov I KweZvi g~j welq ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.3 †`Lv ev †kvbv NUbv wb‡Ri fvlvq ej‡Z cvi‡e| � ejv 3. mncvVx I Ab¨vb¨‡ì m‡½ g‡bvfve I Abyf~wZ cÖKvk I Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †¶‡Î ï× cÖwgZ, PwjZ evsjvq K_v ej‡Z cviv| 3.1 †kªYxK‡¶ cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 3.2 cÖ‡kœvË‡i welqe¯‘ eywS‡q ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 3.3 Rvbv ev †`Lv NUbv cÖwgZ PwjZ ixwZ‡Z ej‡Z cvi‡e| � 3.4 we`¨vj‡q, evwo‡Z I wewfbœ cwi‡e‡k AbygwZ PvB‡Z

Ges web‡qi m‡½ m‡¤vab Ki‡Z cvi‡e| �

ejv 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn ej‡Z cviv| 4.1

cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL wb‡ ©kmn ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

4.2 Rvbv msL¨v I msL¨vevPK kã w`‡q evK¨ MVb K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡e|

�

cov 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.2 k‡ã eëüZ hy³eY© wP‡b ¯úó I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z

cvi‡e| �

52



1.3 cv‡V eëüZ kã I evK¨ kªeY‡hvM¨ ¯úó ¯‡i I cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e|

�

1.4 wewfbœ weivg wPý wP‡b evK¨ I PiY co‡Z cvi‡e| � cov 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vw` g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡o gyjfve eyS‡Z cviv| 2.1 Qov, KweZv, Mí, M`ïPbv I msjvc cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y

co‡Z I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| �

2.2 eB †`‡L Qov I KweZv cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

�

cov 3. evsjv fvlvi gy ªv¶i I n —v¶i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cviv Ges evsjv fvlvq ÁvbvR©b Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z mg_© nIqv| 3.1 wb‡Ri †jLv I A‡bï ¯úó nv‡Zi †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e| � 3.2 cvV¨cy —K I mggv‡bi wkï‡Zvl I Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z

cvi‡e| �

3.3 wewfbœ ai‡bi mnR ms‡KZ/wb‡`©k, e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi bvgdjK I Kw¤úDUv‡ii evsjv cvV co‡Z cvi‡e|

�

3.4 bxi‡e co‡Z cvi‡e| �

cov 4. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn co‡Z cviv| 4.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiL

wb‡ ©kKmn co‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 1. evsjv fvlvi MVbcÖYvjx, evK¨ web¨vm I wbqg k„•Ljv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv| 1.1 e‡Y©i MVb wVK †i‡L kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.2 Kvi, djv I hy³eY© eënvi K‡i kã I evK¨ wjL‡Z

cvi‡e| �

1.3 cvV¨cy —‡Ki kã I evK¨ ï‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.4 cwiwPZ kã eënvi K‡i ï× evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 1.5 weivg wPý h_vm¤¢e wP‡b evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � †jLv 2. evsjvq Qov, KweZv, Mí, K‡_vcK_b, e³…Zv, eY©bv BZ¨vwì g~jfve ey‡S wjL‡Z cviv| 2.1 cvV¨cy —‡Ki Qov I KweZv wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 2.2 welqwfwËK mnR cÖ‡kœi DËi wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � †jLv 3. msL¨vevPK I µgevPK kã ZvwiLmn wjL‡Z cviv| 3.1 cv‡V eëüZ msL¨vevPK I µgevP kã ZvwiLmn

ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

†jLv 4. ch©‡e¶Y, AwfÁZv I g‡bvfve ï× I ¯úó fvlvq wj‡L cÖKvk Ki‡Z cviv| 4.1 mnR fvlvq cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡ki K_v wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � †jLv 5. mvaviY wPwV Ges ìLv¯— wjL‡Z cviv Ges wewfbœ dig c~iY Ki‡Z cviv| 5.1 AvcbR‡bi Kv‡Q mnR fvlvq wPwV wjL‡Z cvi‡e| � 5.2 ìLv — wjL‡Z cvi‡e| �

5.3 mnR dig c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| �

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