Support System

Name : Tan Chai Shiuan(29)

Chee Hui Fen(7)

Class :2A2

Band : Band 6

Function Of Support System In Animals

• Support the body

• Give the body shape

• Protects some internal organs

• Allows movement made by muscle attached to it

Support System

Invertabrates

exoskeleton

Hydrostatic skeleton

vertabrates

endoskeleton

Endoskeleton

• Also known as the internal skeleton

• Located inside the body of all vertebrates includes human beings

• Made up of bones or cartilages

Exoskeleton

• Also called theexternal skeleton

• Hard outer skin or shell of invertebrates

• Made of cuticle or calcium carbonate

Hydrostatic skeleton

• Consists of a muscular wall which encloses a body cavity that is filled with fluid

• This body fluid pushes out and exerts pressure in all directions

• This body fluid pressure support and shape to the animal

Support System In Land Vertabrates And Aquatic

Vertabrates

Support System In Humans

• Made up by 206 bones

• Skeleton system serve to : a) support the body weight

b) protect internal organs

c) provide a surface for muscle attachment

d) maintain the form of the body

e) allow body movement

• Several parts in human skeleton : a) Skull

-protect the brain and sensory organ

b) Backbone

-support the upper body

-protects the spinal cord

c) Ribs

-protects the heart and the lung

d) Pectoral gridle

-supports the head and the arms

e) Pelvis gridle

-protects the internal organ and the bladder

f) Limb bones

-allow movement of the hand and legs

Support System In Land Vertabrates

• Aniamls such as the elephants , rhinoceros and horses have strong and large limb gridles to support their body weight and to help them move

• The backbone of some animals such as the camel may bend upwanrds or downwards to proveide stronger support to the muscle s to attached to it

• Deer and antelopes have hollow leg bones that are lighter and stronger than solid bones

• Hollow bones are also important to birds as birds need to have a light body to fly

Support System In Aquatic Vertabrates

• Smaller and lighter endoskeleton than land vertebrates.

• Pectoral and pelvic support that is smaller and lighter.

• Most of body weight is supported by buoyancy of the water.

• The buoyancy of the water allows the size of the aquatic vertebrate animals to be bigger that land vertebrate animals.

Similiarities of Land Vertabrates and Aquatic Vertabrates

• Have endoskeleton

• Have pectoral & pelvic girdles

• Have flexible bones

Difference

Suppport

Structure of bones

Size of limb gridles

Skeleton System Buoyancy in water

Big and Strong

Large

Small and weak

Small

Support System In Land And Aquatic

Exoskleton Of Invertabrates

• Insects such as beetles have exoskeleton made of chitin

• Chitin is a hard and waterproof substance

• Some animals undergo moulting . As the body of the insect grows ,its hard exoskeleton must be changed and replaced by a bigger one

• Snail do not have undergo moulting ,they have an exoskeleton that we call shell

Hydrostatic Skeleton Of Invertabrates

• Animals such as earthworms ,leeches and starfish do not have a single bone in their bodies

• Instead they support themselves by pressure from the inside

• The body fluid presses against the skin or muscle like air in a tyre ,this create a hydrostatic skeleton

Muscle

Intestine

Fluid

Similiarities Of Land Invertabrates And Aquatic Invertabrates

• Both are supported by either

exoskeleton or hydrostatic skeleton

Difference

Land Invertabrates

Aquatic Invertabrates

Support

Substance making up exoskeleto

n

Soft bodies with external shells

Chitin

Buoyancy in water

Calcium carbonate