banana breeding in iita
TRANSCRIPT
www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
Brigitte UwimanaPostdoc Banana Breeder
IITA Uganda
Banana Breeding in IITA
Ibadan, September 9, 2015
www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
• Banana: members of the genus Musa
• Categories: cooking, beer/juice, dessert, ornamental and fiber bananas
• Banana breeding in IITA: important for Africa– Matooke– Mchare– Plantains
Banana
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Constraints
Black SigatokaFusarium wilt Nematode Weevil
BXW
Banana streak virus
Banana bunchy top virus
Drought
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Current (t/ha)
Potential(t/ha)
Matooke 5 to 30 70
Plantain 7.8 20
Yield potential
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Three types of banana in three locations
Arusha (Tanzania) Sendusu/Namulonge (Uganda)
Ibadan (Nigeria)
Mchare: AA Matooke: AAA Plantains: AAB
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Breeding objectives
Arusha (Tanzania) Sendusu/Namulonge (Uganda)
Ibadan (Nigeria)
Mchare Matooke PlantainsYield Yield Yield
Earliness, plant stature Earliness, plant stature Earliness, plant stature
Quality Quality Quality
Fusarium wilt Black Sigatoka Black Sigatoka
Black Sigatoka Weevil Weevil
Nematode Nematode
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Three locations
Mchare: Northern Tanzania, Southern KenyaMatooke: Eastern Africa (400-600 kg/person/year in Uganda)Plantains: Central and Western Africa
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Arusha
• Irrigation is a must• Possibility of drought experiments
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• Hosted by NM-AIST• 12 ha of land• Offices• TC lab • Molecular lab
TC lab ready in 1 weekInstallation of an irrigation system required
Arusha: at NM-AIST
Free of charge
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Now:• Started in 2012• 1.5 ha for pollination• 2 ha for germplasm maintenance
(collection, mapping populations, NARITAs)• 0.5 ha for EET• 0.2 ha for experiments
Arusha
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• Started 20 years ago• Hosted by NARO• 4 ha for pollination• 4 ha for EETs• 1 ha for PYTs• 2 ha for GS (training population)• 1 ha other (demonstration, heterosis)
Sendusu/Namulonge
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• Re-started in 2012• 2 ha
– Pollination– Breeding collection– EET– other experiments
Ibadan
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Conventional breeding: slow and expensive
3x 4x 2x
2x 3x
10 – 17 years
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Conventional breeding: slow and expensive
Playing with ploidyParthenocarpyUnpredictable seed production
(3x)Poor seed/embryo germinationField Tissue culture
Screenhouse FieldFirst selection after 1-2 years99.9% of the hybrids
discarded in EET1 plant per 6 m2
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• QTL analysis in diploid populations– Fusarium wilt– Weevil– Nematode
• Genomic selection– Yield– Agronomic traits
• GWAS– Drought– Parthenocarpy
Speeding up selection
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• Gene expression– Drought, parthenocarpy
• Genomics– Sequencing of matooke and plantain breeding
material (100 accessions each): AOCC, ICRAF• Others
– Flower biology– Vit.A and, vit. C, Potassium– Chromosome doubling – Heterosis
Speeding up selection
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• Data collected using tablets (Excel)• Field Book app being tested in Ibadan• Field note books for pollination• Back-up done on computers every week• Previous data on pollination digitalized
(Namulonge) Previous breeding data in Onne lost No efficient method of back-up (on-line) No BMS Musabase started
Data management
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Project title Budget Duration Source
CRP-RTB 67,000 2015 CRP-RTB (W1/2)
CRP-RTB Complementary project 100,000 2015(2015 –2016)
CRP-RTB (W1/2)
CRP-A4NH 10,000 2015 CRP-A4NH
Improvement of banana for smallholder farmers in the Great Lakes Region of Africa
13 M 2014 - 2019 BMGF (W3)
Identification of pVAC-rich plantain varieties, hybrids and orange-fleshed diploids
96,000 2015(2014 – 2017)
HarvestPlus (W3)
Exchange of banana and plantain varieties and hybrids between IITA and EMBRAPA
78,000 2013 -2015 MarketPlace (W3)
On-going projects
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• Rony Swennen: Senior Breeder (50%)
• Allan Brown: Breeder, Tanzania
• Brigitte Uwimana: Postdoc breeder, Uganda
• Delphine Amah: Regional breeding manager, Ibadan
Staff: breeders
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StaffArusha
(Tanzania)Sendusu/Namulonge
(Uganda)Ibadan (Nigeria)
Mchare Matooke PlantainsResearch
supervisor/associate
1 1 2
Field assistant 3 8 2
TC lab technician 2 2 1
Molec. lab/cytogenetic
technician
1 - -
Driver - 0.5 -
PhD students 3 4 1
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• Genetic Resources Center• Germplasm Health Unit• Nutrition Lab• Bioscience Center
George Mahuku: Pathology Danny Coyne: Nematology, BMGF Project management
IITA collaborators
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Partners
NARS CGIAR institutions
Adv. Research Institutes
Private
NARO (Uganda): Host, breeding, genetic studies,
pests and diseases
Bioversity: regional testing,
drought
EMBRAPA (Brazil): breeding,
Foc
CBS (Arusha, Tanzania): large
scale multiplication
ARI (Tanzania): nematode
AOCC: sequencing
IGD, Cornell(USA):
genotyping
Crop Bioscience (Kampala,
Uganda): large scale multiplication
WAAPP – NCOS(West Africa): evaluation of
hybrids
BTI, Cornell (USA): database
management
CIRAD: dwarfness in
banana
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Partners (ctnd)Universities
NM-AIST(Arusha, Tanzania): Host
Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacky University (Czech Republic): GS studies
Stellenbosch University (South Africa): Foc
University of Queensland (Australia): Foc
University of the Free State (South Africa): Vit A
KU Leuven (Belgium): flower biology, drought
University of Malaya (Malaysia): Foc
SLU (Sweden): Nematode, weevil, heterosis
Royal Holloway University of London (UK): Metabolomics
Makerere University (Uganda): Flower biology
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Achievement: 27 NARITAs
NARITA 1
NARITA 5
NARITA 7
NARITA 19
3x 4x 3x
NARITA 17
Going for MET in Tanzania and Uganda in 2015
www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium
Achievement: 27 NARITAs
NARITA 1
NARITA 5
NARITA 7
NARITA 19NARITA 17
• 21 for cooking, 5 for juice
• All resistant to black Sigatoka
• Yield: 9 to 38 t/ha
• 20 significantly higher than Mbwazirume (11 t/ha)
Going for MET in Tanzania and Uganda in 2015
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• Yield increase up to 225%• All resistant to black Sigatoka• Short growth cycle
7 of them in MET in Ivory Cost, Comoros and DRC
Achievement: 16 PITAs
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• First EETs in Arusha and Ibadan
• Chromosome doubling of 2x in Ibadan
First 4x in the field4x x 2x crossesHybrids in EET
• Protocol for metabolomics optimized
Achievement
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• Complicated germplasm exchange• Sendusu/Namulonge:
• TC, molecular, nematology labs all hosted in one very small building
• No officesBuilding in need of some workGenerator in need of servicing
Key constraints
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• Under-staffed• Fencing of the fields• Irrigation system: Arusha, Sendusu, Ibadan• Germplasm identity
Bar-coding• Data back-up and storage• Unreliable internet• Access to journals (Tanzania and Uganda)• Maintenance of hybrids/mapping populations
Cryo-preservation
Key constraints
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• Breeding:– New and superior lines developed in the three groups of
banana – Nutritional quality: Vit A and C, Potassium– Flower biology understood– Heterotic parental combinations identified– Chromosome doubling adopted in IITA East Africa and
NARO
• Pests and diseases:– Efficient bioassays developed for fast screening– Breeding material tested for resistance to major pests
and diseases
Future plans
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• Genetic and genomic studies– GS models developed for yield and agronomic traits– QTLs governing major traits identified (weevil, nematode,
Foc, BS, drought)– MAS applied for those traits– Diversity, chromosome structure – Gene discovery
• Musabase functional
• NARITAs and PITAs tested and selected in MET
Future plans