balance of power; scientific revolution, enlightenment
DESCRIPTION
Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment. McCluskey Global Studies. Friday, January 20 th 2012. FINAL organizer check of the year! (10pts) GS 10: Turn in annotated bibliographies redux w/ revised topic and pledge NOTES: Absolutism, cont : Tudors and Hohenzollerns - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Balance of Power;
Scientific Revolution,
Enlightenment
McCluskey Global Studies
![Page 2: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Friday, January 20th 2012
• FINAL organizer check of the year! (10pts)• GS 10: Turn in annotated bibliographies redux w/
revised topic and pledge• NOTES: Absolutism, cont: Tudors and
Hohenzollerns• BRAINSTORM/NOTES: Balance vs. Hegemony;
Balance of power in Europe• IF TIME: Scientific Revn. Intro• HW: Last current events review!
![Page 3: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Monday, January 23rd2012
• Turn in final current events article review• Current Events discussion/state of the world
check• HEADS UP: Daily Grade/Next year rec’s on Wed.• NOTES: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment• 10 pt daily: “Match the quote to the philosophe”• Begin exam review• HW: LOOK OVER EXAM REVIEW, come in with
TWO QUESTIONS!!!!
![Page 4: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Balance of Power
![Page 5: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Earlier upsets to European Balance of Power:
• Catholicism rules the Western World
• Martin Luther (1517- 95 theses)
• Peace of Augsburg – 1555
![Page 6: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Bourbons and Hapsburgs rule the Continent
• Louis XIV (1643-1715) has grandson who will inherit Spain
• Peace of Utrecht (1713) after the War of Spanish Succession- Spain and France forever divided
![Page 7: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1600’s: The PlayersHUGE DYNASTIES:• Hapsburgs (Spanish, Austrian)• Bourbons• TudorsPortugalNetherlands (“the Dutch”)Sweden Catholic ChurchAND…..Hohenzollerns
![Page 8: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Where Would you guess the “Powder Keg” of Conflict would come
from?
![Page 9: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Holy Roman Empire• By 1600:
o Peace of Augsburg = German Princes can choose between Lutheranism and Catholicism
o Emperor chosen by ELECTORS – 7 head German Princeso Electors always choose a Hapsburg (Catholic!)
![Page 11: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Imbalance = Calvanism, Hapsburg
power• Hapsburgs try to force
Catholicism
![Page 12: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Regain balance = 30 Years War (1618-1648)
Side One Side Two• Catholic German
Princes• Austrian Hapsburgs• Spanish Hapsburgs
• Protestant German Princes
• Sweden• Denmark• Dutch• FRANCE!!!!!
(CARDINAL Richilieu!!!)
![Page 13: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Peace of Westphalia - 1648
• Hapsburgs: Keep Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, BUT LOSE POWER OVERALL
• “Housekeeping” – Dutch Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden gains land
• 300 Independent German States recognized• Calvanism added to protected religions (not all!)
![Page 14: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
30 –years war (1618-1648)
![Page 15: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Europe After Peace of Westphalia: 1648
![Page 16: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BUT….potential upsetNew Kid on the Block: PRUSSIA
![Page 18: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
HohenzollernsOUTSTANDING MONARCHS:*• Frederick William (1640-1688)- “The Great
Elector”
Power:• OTHERS:
o HUGE army (4th largest in Europe)o Drafto Junkers = officers
![Page 19: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Frederick William I, cont.
• ECON: o Got right to impose taxes from Junkers
(noble landlords)for armyo Avoided warso Tight-fisted!!!!!o Recruited settlers
• LOYALTYo Junkers don’t have to pay taxes, become
officers, bureaucratso They can do anything they want to serfs
![Page 20: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Next Issue: Hapsburgs vs. Hohenzollerns
• Already losing power, now Charles VI has no heir- just Maria Theresa
• Persuades German princes to sign the Pragmatic Sanction to keep power
• MARIA TERESA: o Legitimacy: her son, Joseph IIo Loyalty: Hungarian nobles get rights protected
![Page 21: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
New Hohenzollern:
Frederick The Great (1712-1786)• Prussia has big army, economy now• Frederick II (the Great) seizes Silesia (Iron, textile
industry) • Refuses to accept Pragmatic Sanction
![Page 22: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
WAR OF AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (1740-
1748)
PrussiaFranceSpain
HungaryGreat BritainDutch
RESULT: ANTE BELLUM STATUES QUO….except Prussia keeps Silesia!!!
![Page 23: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Scientific Revolution (1500-1800)
![Page 24: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What did you used to believe when you were little?
![Page 25: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Why did you believe it?
![Page 26: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Medieval Thinking on Science:
God knows best, and so He should - since He created everything. Where practical knowledge is required, there are ancient authorities whose conclusions are accepted without question - Ptolemy in the field of astronomy, Galen on matters anatomical.
• Scholasticism (High Middle Ages): use logic to deeper your understanding of what you already know to be true…. (McCluskey definition)
![Page 27: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Church authority on bodies:
• Bodies are sacred- cannot be defiled through dissection
• Mental illness = realm of religion, demons• Some things are just for God to know, not us
![Page 28: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Classical Authority on Medicine: Galen
• Humors: differences in human moods come as a consequence of imbalances in one of the four bodily fluids: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
![Page 29: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Rx = bloodletting!
![Page 30: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Galen, cont:• Classical authority on anatomy:
o Dissected pigs, believed humans the sameo Believed blood flowed to and from heart in “ebb and flow” motion
![Page 31: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Scientific Revolution: What’s so“Revolutionary”???
![Page 32: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Revolution = William Harvey
• Harvey discovers blood is pumped through body by heart
![Page 33: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Revolution anatomy = Vesalius
![Page 34: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Astronomy: Medieval authority: Bible, church, Ptolemy
• God made the Heaven and the Earth • God made everything “good”• Man messed up the earth, but not the heavens,
therefore heavens are perfect: planets are perfect, ellipses are perfect circles
• Ptolemy =
![Page 35: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ancient Authority: Ptolemy = geocentric universe
![Page 36: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ancient Authority: Aristotle
Celestial Realm is unchanging
Smart guyGot a lot rightGot a lot wrong
![Page 37: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ptolemaic universe
![Page 38: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Revolution•Question, observe, test, hypothesize, prove with MATH
![Page 39: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Tycho Brahe• Start looking at stars, questioning Ptolemy,
Aristotle
• Heavens move!
![Page 40: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Copernicus (1473-1543)
• Heliocentric Universe- planets move in perfect circles
![Page 41: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
• Planets move around sun in elliptical (not perfect circles!!!) orbits
• Used math to prove
![Page 42: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
• Telescope• Proves through observation what Kepler proved
through math• Heavenly bodies not perfect!!!!• Put on trial, recanted, didn’t mean it
![Page 43: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Universe
is governed by NATURAL LAWS that can be proven by math
![Page 44: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
NATURAL LAWS GOVERN THE UNIVERSE
3 Laws of Motion: 1. First law: The velocity of a body remains constant unless the body is acted upon by an external force 2. Second law: The acceleration a of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force F and inversely proportional to the mass m, i.e., F = ma. 3. Third law: The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite and collinear.
![Page 45: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
So…what does this have to do with the
Enlightenment???
![Page 46: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
The Enlightenment(1650-1800??)
• Use the Scientific Method to apply to everything!
oReligionoHuman NatureoEconomicsoGovernment
![Page 47: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Newton’s “Natural Laws”….
• …can be applied to lots of things:oHuman natureoGovernmentoEconomicsoreligion
![Page 48: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Who?• Upper class, BourgeoisieoPhilosophes met in salons to discuss
and talk and talk and talk….or write letters to each other…
oFrance, Germany, England, Austria….
oOften, lots of talk, little actionoOften, some hypocrisy….
![Page 49: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Enlightenment Activity:
In pairs, spend 10 minutes fully reading the handout of quotes from famous Enlightenment thinkers, and be able to
A) Match the quote to the thinkerB) Explain WHY you chose the way you didC) Explain what’s so “Enlightened” about the
content
• Share with class, discuss
![Page 50: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
To Know:• Hobbes vs. Locke: who had greater
influence? Different Beliefs• Main beliefs/contributions of oMontesquieuoRousseauoDiderotoAdam Smith oVoltaire
![Page 51: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
EXAM ADVICE1. Map out a PLAN right now for studying
1. Spend 15 minutes going over each class’s material, then estimate how much time you’ll need to study for each
2. Get out a CALENDAR and “budget” that time. Include1. DATE of each exam2. 30-min to 2-hour increments of study time for
each subject, as needed3. Scheduled BREAKS (NOT computer!) 4. Scheduled interruptions
3. Gather up all materials needed, have in one place
![Page 52: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
STUDYING:• Try a dry “run-through” before Wednesday.
Where are you panicking? Mark those areas. Pick biggest two = your questions
• Start at the beginning, with:o exam review sheet on one side, o notes on other. o Notepad for 2 essay questions
• See if you can “tell a story” that covers everything on the sheet, closed note, including DATES if it says “when”? o When you see a connection or a transition, say it out loudo When you see something you can incorporate to your essays, write it
down
![Page 53: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• When you hit a problem…o STOPo Work it outo Go back to BEFORE it, then work it into the “big picture”
“Piano” and “Football” analogy!
![Page 54: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Finally….• Teach your stuffed animals!!!!!!!• If you can’t explain it to someone, you don’t know
it• Write it down (visual)• Say it aloud (auditory)• Walk around (kinesthetic)
![Page 55: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The Night Before/Morning Of
• You should be able to “walk through” the entire exam review sheet barely looking at it• You should have an outline of
your essays that you can SAY ALOUD without looking at it
![Page 56: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
During Exam• May want to write down your essay outlines first
thing (fresh in mind, may serve as good review/”cheat sheet” for other questions!)
• Look over exam, budget your time• Read all directions thoroughly! Circle/star things• Get started-
o Multiple choice: Read ALL choices, think about FULL implications of answers
o Chronologies- put dates/basic time period to side if necessaryo Short Answers (3) – give ANY details possibleo ID-be as SPECIFIC as possible. WHAT it is and WHY it’s importanto Essays- show off! Include your outlines! Names! Dates! Connections!
Analysis!
![Page 57: Balance of Power; Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/568165ae550346895dd89d0b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
GOOD LUCK- It’s been an honor and a pleasure