baijan savalan _ avans high school lecture 27.10.16
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PROGRAM OF THE DAY:
1) Introduction of TECHNIP (and myself)2) Process related aspects in offshore
oil and gas3) Specific lay-out aspects of offshore
platforms (piping / mechanical) Lecture for Avans 2015, Baijan Savalan – Process technologist
![Page 2: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Herman Hamhuis
8 jaar werkzaam in Engineering Ervaring in Olie/Gas, Petrochemie, en Chemie Werkzaam bij TECHNIP-EPG Huidige functie: Lead process engineer (hiervoor Tebodin, Zeton) Bijzonderheden: Ook werkzaam geweest als project engineer en site
engineer
![Page 3: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction Technip
![Page 4: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Technip Today With engineering, technologies and project management, on land and at sea, we safely and successfully deliver the best solutions for our clients in the energy business
Worldwide presence with 36,500 people in 48 countries Industrial assets on all continents, a fleet of 34 vessels (of which 5 under construction) 2013 revenue: €9 billion (€15 billion backlog)
Energy is at the core of TechnipTechnip Presentation4
![Page 5: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Technip Presentation5
Engineering and fabrication of fixed platforms for shallow waters (TPG 500, Unideck®)
Engineering and fabrication of floating platforms for deep waters (Spar, semi-submersible platforms, FPSO)
Leadership in floatover technologyFloating Liquefied Natural Gas
(FLNG)Construction yard
Design, manufacture and supply of deepwater flexible and rigid pipelines, umbilicals and riser systems
Subsea construction, pipeline installation services and Heavy Lift
Six state-of-the-art flexible pipe and / or umbilical manufacturing plants
Five spoolbases for reeled pipeline assembly as well as four logistic bases
A constantly evolving fleet strategically deployed in the world's major offshore markets
Three Business Segments, One Technip
Gas treatment and liquefaction (LNG), Gas-to-Liquids (GTL)
Oil refining (refining, hydrogen and sulphur units)
Onshore pipelinesPetrochemicals (ethylene,
aromatics, olefins, polymers, fertilizers)
Process technologies (proprietary or through alliances)
Biofuel and renewable energies (including offshore wind)
Non-oil activities (principally in life sciences, metals & mining, construction)
Subsea Offshore Onshore
The best solutions across the value chain
![Page 6: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Technip Presentation6
A Unique Worldwide Footprint
![Page 7: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Technip Presentation7
Subsea:Worldwide Leading Integrated Player
Products
Flexible pipe (in house manufacturing)
Umbilicals(in-house manufacturing)
Rigid pipelines
Services
Inspection,repair & maintenance
Flexible/rigid pipelaying (Reel, S-Lay & J-Lay)Heavy Lift Operations
Deep water installation& construction
Vertical integrationIn-house technologies Worldwide leadershipFirst class assets
Architecture
![Page 8: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Technip Slide Library8
Offshore:Expertise in High Added-value Technology
WindFPSO/FLNGSparSemi-submersibleUnideck®TPG 500 TLP
Innovative capabilitiesHeavy lift capabilitiesProprietary platform designProven track record in engineering & construction
![Page 9: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Technip Presentation9
Technip Onshore Segment
Refining & heavy oil Clean fuels Grassroots Heavy oil upgraders Hydrogen
Gas ProcessingGas treatmentGTLLNG
PetrochemicalsEthylenePolyolefinsAromaticsFertilizers
Project management consultancyStrong process engineering capabilities Process technologies (Hydrogen, Ethylene, Refining, Petrochemical & GTL)Solid reputation with NOCs & IOCs
OthersMining and metalsInfrastructuresBuildingsLife sciences,…
![Page 10: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Technip Presentation10
Floating LNG Solutions
A unique combination of technologies and know-howfrom our 3 business segments
Cryogenic pipe-in-pipe
Processing systemCryogenic flexible pipe FPSOSubsea services & product provider
![Page 11: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Technip in the Benelux
1111
![Page 12: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Technip Presentation12
Technip in the Benelux
12
Rotterda
Bergen op Zoom
's
Rotterdam
Bergen op Zoom
's Hertogenbosch
Zoetermeer
Technip Benelux B.V.
Technip-EPG B.V.
• Turnover, MM Euro : 160-170• Employees : 600• Project hrs / yr : 650,000+
Zoetermeer
Capelle a/d IJssel
Antwerpen
Bergen op Zoom ‘s-Hertogenbosch
Technip Benelux N.V.
Antwerpen
![Page 13: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Technip Presentation13
Technip Manpower in the Benelux
Pro
cess
Mec
hani
cal
E&
I
Civ
il &
Stru
ct...
HV
AC
Exe
cutio
n
Con
stru
ctio
...
Pro
cure
men
t
Fina
nce
& C
o...
Oth
ers
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Staff Technip Benelux
TP AntwerpTP EPGTP Zoetermeer
Discipline
Staff
![Page 14: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Technip Presentation14
Technip Benelux - NL Headquarters
14
Full EPC capabilities From pre-feasibility up to start-up Project Management Strong front-end engineering capabilities
and advisory services Procurement, Expediting, QA/QC Construction, Commissioning, Start-up
Technology center for Ethylene, Hydrogen and Syngas
![Page 15: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Technip Netherlands Presentation15
Technip Benelux B.V. – Main Product Lines
15
Over 550 ethylene furnaces built
Petrokemya, Saudi Arabia
![Page 16: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Technip-EPG
16
![Page 17: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Technip Presentation17
Engineering Services
Studies and Consultancy
Engineering Basic Engineering Detail Engineering Scope definition and (cost) estimating
Procurement Purchasing Inspection Expediting
Construction Construction management
![Page 18: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Technip Presentation18
Engineering Services
Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) Revamp and Grass Root 100 – 100.000 hours
Contracts Lump Sum Turnkey Reimbursable Incentive
High Value Technip centers
![Page 19: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Technip Presentation19
Process + HSE
Process Study Flow Assurance Process Flow Diagrams PFD’s Piping Instrumentation Diagrams P&ID’s Equipment-specification Hazard & Operability studies (HAZOP) Validation processes
![Page 20: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Technip Presentation20
Electrical & Instrumentation
High, mid and low voltage ATEX 95/137 DCS/PLC-configuration Instrumentation Fieldbus; Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus Load-flow and motorstart calculations Short-circuit calculations NEN 3140-Inspection NEN 1010-Inspection SIL - Classification
![Page 21: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Technip Presentation21
Mechanical / piping
3D-Design, new installation and modifications Plot study Pipe stress calculations Pipe specification-calculations Pressure vessel calculations PED-classification
![Page 22: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Technip Presentation2222
G17d-APTechnip-EPG
Segment : Oil & Gas Offshore Client : GDF Suez E&P Nederland B.V. Project : G17d-AP Compression Scope : Integration of the Low Low compression facilities
Platform & Compressor modifications Hang-of module 10 x 7 x12,5 mtr Lifting weight 200 ton.
Disciplines : Project management, Process, Piping and
Structural, Instrumentation and Electrical
Execution: 2011 - present Technip is qualified to perform the works with the highest HSSE standards
![Page 23: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Technip Presentation23 Technip Presentation23
K2b-A Technip-EPG
Segment : Offshore Client : Gaz de France Project : K2bA Compression Detail engineering for compressor unit, to be
installed on existing platform Disciplines
Project management Piping Pipestress Structural
Execution: 2007-2008, 9.000 hrs
Vibration study & analysis and coördination with TNO were subject to this project
![Page 24: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Technip Presentation2424
K5-A /K4-ZTechnip-EPG
Segment : Oil & Gas Offshore Client : Total E&P Nederland Project : K4-Z / Topside modifications K5-A Scope : Engineering & Procurement
New equipment/facilities to be installed Water Treatment unit, Oil Absorption filters, Methanol and
KHI/CI Injection skids, Separator modifications, E&I room, HPU, Fire walls.
ESD valves, Choke valve and Electrical Heater are installed in a new Hang off Module.
Additional Weight Steel 50 Ton, Equipment 50 Ton (dry weight)
Piping and supports 25 Ton (dry weight) Disciplines
Project management, HSE, Process, Mechanical, Piping & Pipe Stress, Structural, Electrical & Instrumentation, Procurement, Expediting and QA/QC.
Execution: 2011/2012, 20.000 hrs
![Page 25: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Technip Presentation2525
K4-BE Technip-EPG
Segment : Oil & Gas Offshore Client : Total E&P Nederland Project : K4-BE Scope : Engineering & procurement services
New equipment to be installed Skimmer tank (3 phase separation)
Disciplines Project management, Process, Piping, Mechanical, Structural, Instrumentation, Electrical, Procurement services (Expediting QA/QC)
Execution: 2011, 2000 hrs
![Page 26: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Technip Presentation26
Our knowledge and experience contribute to the success of our clients
Why Technip is an excellent choice
Broad experience in the industry Flexible set-up of project team State-of-the-Art tools Located close to the client, therefore able to
immediately respond to requests Committed to a code of business ethics Full access to resources and technologies of
TECHNIP GROUP, ranking top 5 major players in engineering and construction services worldwide
![Page 27: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Process related aspects in offshore oil and gas
![Page 28: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Technip EPG28
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram (In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 29: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Technip EPG29
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 30: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30 Technip EPG
GasCondensate
WaterWater
Sea water
1. GeneralGas Reservoir
![Page 31: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31 Technip EPG
1. GeneralExploration
Seismic survey
![Page 32: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32 Technip EPG
1. General“Nederlands plat”
• Government sells clusters to O&G operators
![Page 33: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33 Technip EPG
1. General“Nederlands plat”
![Page 34: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Het Nederlands platGaz de France
Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij
Wintershall
ClydeNu Wintershall
Bloknummer
GasveldOlieveld
![Page 35: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. GeneralGas Field Layout
Satellites
Central Processing
![Page 36: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Well fluid gathering manifold
Bulk water separation
Chemical injection
Pig launcher
...
1. GeneralSatellite Platform
![Page 37: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1. GeneralSatellite Platform
Bulk Separation
Pumping/Metering
Sea Water
Produced Water
Diesel Power Gen
Gas MeteringWellheads
Overboard
Crude Export
Gas Export
Crane
Diesel
Chemical Injection
Flare/Vent
Closed, Haz Drains
Pig Launcher
![Page 38: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Gathering manifold of all the connected satellites
Fine tuned water separation
Dehydration
Compresssion
Chemical injection
Pig launcher / Receiever
...
1. GeneralCentral Processing Platform
![Page 39: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1. GeneralCentral Processing Platform
Instrument Air
Bulk Separation
Pumping/MeteringFinal Separation
Flash Gas Compression
Export Compression
Cooling Medium Sea Water
Water Injection
Produced Water
Fire Water
DCS
Gas Turbine Power Gen
Fuel Gas
Gas MeteringSatellites
Dehydration
Overboard
Crude Export
Gas Export
AccommodationDiesel
Chemical Injection
Flare/Vent Non-Haz Drains
Closed, Haz Drains
Potable Water
Pig Launcher / Receiver
Wellheads
![Page 40: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Technip EPG40
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 41: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
MeOH orMEG Injection
Gas/LiqSeparator
Wat / Cond.Separator
2. Process Flow DiagramSatellite Platform
DegassingDrum
Gas + Cond. To Central Processing Platform
Water Overboard
MEG-CI Injection
Skimmer
![Page 42: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Gas/LiqLP
Separator
2. Process Flow DiagramCentral Processing Platform
DegassingDrum
Water OverboardHP LP
KO Drum
Gas/LiqHP
Separator
Metering
Export GasTo Pipeline
DEG
Skimmer
DegassingDrum
Cond. Storage drum
![Page 43: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Technip EPG43
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 44: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Technip EPG44
Removal of water and condensate from gas
3. Gas/Liq. Separation
Purpose
![Page 45: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Two-Phase Separator
Gas / Liq. Inlet
Gas Outlet
Liq. (Cond. + Water) Outlet
3. Gas/Liq. Separation
![Page 46: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Two-Phase Separator3. Gas/Liq. Separation
![Page 47: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Two-Phase Separator
3. Gas/Liq. Separation
![Page 48: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Technip EPG48
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 49: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Technip EPG49
Separate water from condensate
Separate remaining condensate from water to make the water ready for overboard conditions
Purpose
4. Water /Condensate Separation
![Page 50: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
MeOH orMEG Injection
Gas/LiqSeparator
Wat / Cond.Separator
4. Water /Condensate Separation
DegassingDrum
Gas + Cond. To Central Processing Platform
Water Overboard
MEG-CI Injection
Skimmer
![Page 51: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51 Technip EPG
4. Water/Condensate Separation
![Page 52: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
MeOH orMEG Injection
Gas/LiqSeparator
Wat / Cond.Separator
4. Water/Condensate Separation
DegassingDrum
Gas + Cond. To Central Processing Platform
Water Overboard
MEG-CI Injection
Skimmer
![Page 53: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53 Technip EPG
4. Water/Condensate Separation
![Page 54: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Technip EPG54
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 55: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Technip EPG55
Prevent piping and pipeline from rupture
Prevent hydrate/wax formation and blocking of piping / pipeline
Purpose
5. Chemical Injection
![Page 56: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56 Technip EPG
Hydrate (Ice that burns)
Crystalline compounds of water and light hydrocarbon molecules Ice-like solid crystals Cages of water molecules surrounding hydrocarbon molecules Can form in gas, gas-condensate and black oil systems Forms at temperatures higher than 32ºF (up to 80°F) at high pressure Transient operations are very susceptible to hydrate blockages Blockages can occur very rapidly
5. Chemical InjectionHydrate Inhibitor (MeoH / MEG)
![Page 57: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57 Technip EPG
5. Chemical InjectionCorrosion Inhibitor (CI)
Pipeline corrosion can be inhibited by several means.
Choice of corrosion-resistant metals, alloys
Injection of corrosion inhibitors
Cathodic protection
External and/or internal protective coatings
![Page 58: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58 Technip EPG
5. Chemical InjectionWax Inhibitor
![Page 59: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Technip EPG59
Prevention of killing the well in order to explore the “latest” gas
Purpose
5. Chemical InjectionFoam injection
![Page 60: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Technip EPG60
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 61: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Technip EPG61
Boost the gas to the conditions (higher pressure) of delivery for export gas
6. Compression
Purpose
![Page 62: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Gas/LiqLP
Separator
6. Compression
DegassingDrum
Water OverboardHP LP
KO Drum
Gas/LiqHP
Separator
Metering
Export GasTo Pipeline
DEG
Skimmer
DegassingDrum
Cond. Storage drum
![Page 63: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63 Technip EPG
6. CompressionCentrifugal Compressor
![Page 64: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64 Technip EPG
6. CompressionAxial Compressor
![Page 65: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65 Technip EPG
6. CompressionRotary Compressor
![Page 66: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66 Technip EPG
6. CompressionRecip. Compressor
![Page 67: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Technip EPG67
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 68: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Technip EPG68
Dry gas to avoid gas hydrate formation as well as to reduce corrosion
Meet delivery specifications (dew point e.g -8°C @ 72 barg)
7. Dehydration
Purpose
![Page 69: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Gas/LiqLP
Separator
7. Dehydration
DegassingDrum
Water OverboardHP LP
KO Drum
Gas/LiqHP
Separator
Metering
Export GasTo Pipeline
DEG
Skimmer
DegassingDrum
Cond. Storage drum
![Page 70: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70 Technip EPG
7. Dehydration
Wet Gas
Rich Glycol
Dry
Gas
![Page 71: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71 Technip EPG
7. Dehydration
![Page 72: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72 Technip EPG
7. Dehydration
![Page 73: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Technip EPG73
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 74: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74
8. Export Pipeline
Technip EPG
![Page 75: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75
8. Export Pipeline
Technip EPG
![Page 76: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Technip EPG76
Table of contents
1. General
2. Process Flow Diagram(In satellite and central processing platforms)
3. Gas / Liquid separation
4. Water / Condensate Separation
5. Chemical Injection
6. Compression
7. Dehydration
8. Export Pipeline
9. Pigging
![Page 77: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Technip EPG77
Check wall thickness and find damaged sections of lines (intelligent pigging / imposed by SODM)
Remove debris such as dirt and wax from lines Provide a known volume for calibrating flow meters Coat inner pipe walls with inhibitors Remove condensed hydrocarbon liquids and water in two phase
pipelines
9. Pigging
Purpose
![Page 78: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Technip EPG78
9. Pigging
![Page 79: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79
9. Pigging
Large amounts of liquid can collect in front of the pig
Technip EPG
![Page 80: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
3) Specific lay-out aspects of offshore platforms (piping / mechanical)
![Page 81: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
De bovenbouw ”TOPSIDE”De configuratie wordt bepaald door:
Samenstelling van het gas.• De productiecapaciteit • Permanente of tijdelijke boortoren • Accommodatiefaciliteit • Helikopterdek • Opslagcapaciteit • Brugverbindingen met andere platforms • Hijskraanfaciliteit• Utiliteitsystemen
![Page 82: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Onderbouw ”JACKET”
Afhankelijk van de waterdiepte worden verschillende jackets toegepast
TOPSIDE
JACKET
050
150100
200
![Page 83: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Onderbouw ”JACKET”
Jackets zijn globaal te verdelen in
• Een stalen buizen frame
• Betonnen structuren
•Tension Leg Platform
![Page 84: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Onderbouw ”JACKET” Een stalen buizen frame.
![Page 85: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Onderbouw ”JACKET” Een stalen buizen frame
![Page 86: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Onderbouw ”JACKET” Een stalen buizen frame.
Het frame wordt met heipalen in de zeebodem bevestigd.
JACKET
Heiblok
Heipaal geleider
![Page 87: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Betonnen structuren
Onderbouw “jacket”
![Page 88: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Tension Leg Platform
Onderbouw “jacket”
![Page 89: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Het platform en de jacket worden met een kraanschip
naar de lokatie gebracht.
Platform
![Page 90: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Jacket wordt vast geheid in de zee bodem.
JACKET
Heiblok
![Page 91: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
De topside wordt op het jacket geplaatstTopside
JACKET
![Page 92: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
De topside wordt op het jacket geplaatst
JACKET
Topside
![Page 93: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Het platform wordt door een transportleiding met het hoofdplatform verbonden.
Pijpenlegger Aanvoer transportleiding
![Page 94: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
De Solitaire 1
![Page 95: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Bevoorrading pijpenlegger op zee
![Page 96: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Lassen van de transportleiding op de pijpenlegger
![Page 97: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Voorbereiding voor aansluiten transport leiding op hoofdeiland
![Page 98: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Installatie van een platform op de Noordzee
Als laatste wordt de definitieve put geboord
![Page 99: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
De FPSO
Voor olie en gaswinning op grote diepte en kleine velden worden FPSO’s toegepast.
FPSO is Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel Boven het scheepsdek worden alle productie faciliteiten voor de olie en gas
behandeling geplaatst. De productie unit is modulair opgebouwd.
![Page 100: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Equipment layout
Een offshore platform is uit de volgende dekken opgebouwd
helicopter deck (heli deck) main deck (upper deck) intermediate deck (mezzanine deck) cellar deck sub-cellar deck
![Page 101: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Equipment layout
Heli deck
Main deck
Cellar deck
Sub Cellar deck
intermediate deck
![Page 102: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Equipment layout
Helicopterdeck (heli deck) Bevindt zich boven het living quarter. Vrij van obstakels Afmetingen worden bepaald door het type helicopter wat in het veld
gebruikt wordt.
![Page 103: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Equipment layoutHelicopterdeck (heli deck)
![Page 104: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Equipment layoutHelicopterdeck (heli deck)
![Page 105: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Equipment layout
main deck (upper deck) Utility equipment Generatoren Gascompressoren Koelerbanken Hijskraan Toegangsluiken voor onderhoud Toegangsluiken van de putten Container opslag Wire line unit
![Page 106: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Equipment layout
Wire line unit
![Page 107: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Equipment layoutmain deck (upper deck)
![Page 108: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Equipment layout
intermediate deck (mezzanine deck) instrumentation/ switchgear/ battery and transformer room Instrument air vessel Methanol injection pumps
![Page 109: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Equipment layoutIntermediate deck (Mezzanine deck)
![Page 110: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Equipment layout
Cellar deckHazardous area Wellheads Separatoren Test & production manifold Vent knock-out drum Condensate injection pumps Methanol injection pumps Inhibitor injection pumps
![Page 111: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Equipment layout
Cellar deckNon hazardous area Deluge skid Koelwater pompen Brandbestrijdingspompen Personeelsaccomodatie (living quarter) Evacuatieplaatsen
![Page 112: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Equipment layoutCelllar deck
![Page 113: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Equipment layout
Sub-cellar deck
noodafsluiters (emergency shut down valves)in de in en uitgaande export leidingen.
de pig launchers/ receivers.
de closed en open drain tanks inclusief pompen.
skimmer tank.
![Page 114: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Equipment layoutSub-Celllar deck
![Page 115: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Platform oriëntatie Bepaald door
Stromingsrichting van het zeewater
Meest voorkomende windrichting (prevailing wind)
Plaats van de risers die langs het jacket naar de zeebodem lopen
De plaats van de aanlanding (boat-landing) voor bevoorrading
![Page 116: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Platform oriëntatie
Bepaald door
![Page 117: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Platform oriëntatie
Bepaald door Toekomstige putboringen
De helicopter moet in alle windrichtingen kunnen landen en opstijgen.
Plaats van de fakkel en vent leidingen.
De hoogte van het sub-cellar deck wordt bepaald door de 100 jarige golf plus de air gap van 1 meter.
![Page 118: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Platform elevatie
Bepaald door De hoogte van het sub-cellar deck wordt bepaald door de 100 jarige golf
plus de air gap van 1 meter.
![Page 119: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Platform elevatie
![Page 120: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Design criteria voor equipment location plan
Equipment op een logische plaats
Economische equipment opstelling
Veiligheidsvoorschriften raadplegen
Toegankelijkheid voor het plegen van onderhoud en bedienbaarheid
![Page 121: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Design criteria voor equipment location plan
Voldoende onderlinge ruimte
Hazardous en non-hazardous.
Fire-wall (brandbescherming) of een blast-wall.
Vluchtwegen aangeven 1200 mm breed 2300mm hoog
Onderhoud en inspectie 800 mm breed
Lay-down area aangeven
![Page 122: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Escape routes/fire-fighting layouts
Vluchtwegen naar de evacuatie plaatsen Reddingsboten (escape capsules of free fall boats)
Locatie van brandblusmiddelen
![Page 123: Baijan Savalan _ Avans High School lecture 27.10.16](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/587f44df1a28ab43318b629b/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
www.technip.com
Thank you