bacterial diseases. pathogenicity “the state of producing or being able to produce pathological...
DESCRIPTION
Staphylococcus “a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters”TRANSCRIPT
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Bacterial Diseases
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Pathogenicity
• “the state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease”
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Staphylococcus
• “a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, opportunistic bacteria which tend to aggregate in irregular, grape-like clusters”
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Readings Question #1
• Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic of the staphylococci. What are its toxins capable of doing? What enzymes does it produce, and what is their known effect?
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Staphylococcal Food Poisoning
• caused by ingesting an enterotoxin• high resistance to heat, drying and radiation,
and high osmotic pressures• inhabitant of nasal passages…contaminates
the hands…..readily enters food• mechanical vectors• mayonnaise, cream sauces
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Skin and Wound Infections
• Sty: “infected follicle of an eyelash”
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Skin and Wound Infections (cont’d)
• Pimple: infected hair follicle• Abscess: more serious hair follicle infection– furuncle/boil: superficial– carbuncle: deeper
• Risk of underlying tissues becoming infected• Toxemia: toxins circulate
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Scalded Skin Syndrome
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Toxic Shock Syndrome
• S. aureus growth associated with the use of a new type of highly absorbent vaginal tampon
• swell with menstrual fluids and adhere to the vagina
• tears in the vaginal wall
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Streptococcus
“spherical shaped bacteria occurring in chains”
What are the implications for the embalmer when dealing with saprophytes?
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Streptococcus pneumoniae( pneumococcus)
• gram-positive ovoid bacterium• cell pairs surrounded by capsule• common cause of:
1) lobar pneumonia
2) meningitis
3) otitis media
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Lobar Pneumonia
• Readings question #2:• What is lobar pneumonia, and how is it
characterized?• What are some of the predisposing conditions
for this disease?
• penicillin and fluoroquinolones
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Meningitis
• 70% of the population are healthy carriers• Gram-positive encapsulated diplococcus• Leading cause of bacterial meningitis• Most cases between 1 month and 4 years• Broad-spectrum cephalosporins• CSF obtained by a spinal tap• Vaccine: Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine
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Otitis Media
• 85% before 3 years of age (Eustachian Tubes)
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Streptococcus pyogenes
• Scarlet Fever: streptococcal pharyngitis• Septic Sore Throat: respiratory secretions– penicillin
• Puerperal Sepsis: Childbirth/Childbed Fever• Rheumatic Fever: arthritis and fever– 50% inflammation of the heart– penicillin– Syndenham’s chorea
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Clostridium
• obligate anaerobes• rod-shaped cells that contain endospores
• Clostridium botulinum: botulin
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Readings Question 3
• Clostridium tetani causes what bacterial infection? Describe the characteristics of this microbe. Where is it found? What are its symptoms, and what causes them?
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Gas Gangrene
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Gas Gangrene
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Readings Question #4
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of a postmortem condition known as tissue gas.
List 3 things that may result in this condition in the decedent.
List 7 conditions that predispose the decedent to tissue gas formation.
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Food Intoxication
• Clostridium perfringens Gastroenteritis: one of the more common forms of food poisoning in the United States
• improper handling of meat during the slaughtering of animals
• 2 main causes: 1) keeping foods warm for more than 20 minutes
2) inadequate refrigeration