bacterial biofilms as a complex community tracy k. teal d. k. newman and b. j. wold labs complexity...
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Bacterial Biofilms as a Complex Community
Tracy K. TealD. K. Newman and B. J. Wold LabsComplexity Club August 13, 2003
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What is complexity?
What is a good quantitative measure of complexity?
• No theoretical discussion of complexity.
• Introduction to biofilms
• Complexity in biology, such as functional, structural and hierarchical complexity and some of the implications of complexity in adaptation.
Complexity
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What is a biofilm?
Bacteria that are attached to a surface and form a 3-dimensional structure, held together
by an extracellular polymeric substance
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Biofilms in the environment
Contact lens
Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park National Park Service
Catheter
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Biofilm formation and growth
• Quorum sensing and chemical signaling• Microcolonies with extracellular matrix• Network of channels• Cells experience different environmental conditions• Multi-species
O2
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Given the heterogeneity of the environment, how is the biofilm community structured? There is a strong relationship between the cell’s environment and its physiology and structure.
Science News
Biofilms form Nutrient levels decrease towards
the center
Variety of environmental niches
form
Biofilm formation and growth
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Relationship between biofilm morphology and the environment
50 um
1:10 LB5mM lactate.5mM lactate
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How are biofilms differentiated?
O2
Given the existence of many micro-environments, how is the biofilm organized with respect to metabolism?
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Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1
–facultative anaerobe –versatile respiration –gram negative –MR-1 genome is sequenced and can be manipulated genetically
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• Promoter regions
• Unstable fluorescent proteins
• Microscopy
Design concept
Use reporter systems consisting of promoter regions fused to fluorescent proteins to indicate regions of differing metabolism within a biofilm
Use oxygen respiration as indicators of the cells metabolic state
O2
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What is complexity?
• “Structural” complexity: Number of different parts and their interactions
• “Hierarchical” complexity: Number of levels in a hierarchy
• “Functional” complexity: – Number of different functions an organism can
perform, or– Computational capacity of an organism (or device), the
maximal mutual entropy between input signals and output actions.
• “Sequence” complexity
Dr. Adami – Complexity Club, Jan 21, 2003
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How is a biofilm complex?
• Complex cell-cell interactions
• Effects of environmental conditions on biofilm morphology and physiology. Multiple parameters exist and their effects are difficult to predict.
• More “complex” than planktonic cells
Microenvironment (chemical signals, nutrient conditions) -> complex regulatory networks -> change in physiology or metabolism -> affects environment
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Who cares? How is it useful?
How might thinking about complexity in biofilms systems be useful?
• Adaptation and complexity • Does the complexity of the system allow it to be more adaptable or resilient? • Are there complexity measures that could allow us to predict how resilient a biofilm would be?• Would decreasing the complexity of a biofilm cause it to be more susceptible to environmental influences?
• Important to keep in mind when working with biofilm systems