Bacteria & Viruses

Kaiden DingleAshale Reynolds

Melissa LopezPhyllis Obi Joseph Diaz

What are the characteristics of Eubacteria and Archeabacteria?

• They both are prokaryotes. • They are unicelluar.• They can be hetero or auto trophic.• They both are surrounded by a cell wall

made of peptidoglycan.

Explain 3 ways bacteria are important.

• Bacteria are important for decomposition, to help the nitrogen cycle, and to help humans with digestion.

List 7 Disease caused by bacteria.

• Lyme disease• Tetanus• Tuberculosis• Diphtheria• Bacterial meningitis• Strep throat• Tooth decay

What types of environments do bacteria favor?

• Bacteria can live anywhere. They can live in the most extreme conditions to in your mouth it just depends on what bacteria it is.

Describe the structure of a virus.

A virus consist of capsids that make up the head, the tail sheath, and tail fibers.

Of what importance is a capsid?

• To protect the virus like a shell and its protect from outside forces.

List at least 5 viral diseases. How can you tell if it’s a virus or bacteria just by looking at the

name• Cold• Flu• Smallpox• Warts• AIDS• They all have itus at the end

How do viruses cause diseases

• They cause diseases by disrupting the body’s equilibrium.

What do a virus and a living cell have in common?

• They both have DNA inside their body.

A Venn diagram of Viruses vs Bacteria

Chapter 3, Ecology

Alexis AzuaraFahim Ahsan

Chelsea OkoyeDylan jackson

10% rule

• It states that energy, when passing from prey to predator, is only conserved at about 10%. for example, when deer eat the grass, only 10% of the energy that the grass received from the sun is passed onto the deer.

90%

• the other 90% gets stuck in the trophic level.

What is an autotroph

• An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.

What is a heterotroph

• An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.

Mutualism

• Mutualism is when both organism benefits from each other. 

Commensalism

• Commensalism is where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected.

Parasitism

• Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms the host while it benefits.

Trophic levels

Plants

Lessly GuevaraElysia Cisneros

KeShawn BuchananTiara Robins

Label and identify the function of the leaf cross.

• Cuticles cover the epidermis of the leaves and protects the desiccation.

• Stomata allows gases of water vapor and oxygen in and out of a leaf.

• Vein carries the process of photosynthesis, delivers water and nutrients from the soil and leaves.

• Palisade is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis.

Which of the 6 kingdoms are plants found in?

Plantae

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

Is a plant eukaryote or prokaryote?Unicellular or multicellular?

• Eukaryote• Multicellular

What does the cell wall contain, or is there no cell wall? Autotroph or heterotroph?

• It contains cellulose• Autotroph

Plant vascular tissue is made up of what main two parts?

• Phloem and xylem

A plant’s chemical responses to environmental stimuli are controlled by?

• Hormones

Name some examples of fibrous roots, name some examples of tap

roots• Fibrous roots – Gabrielles Pteridophyta White clover Marigold • Tap RootsCarrot Burdock Dandelion

Once an ovary ripens, it becomes..

• Fruit

3 types of seed dispersal

• Wind dispersal• Spores• Hygroscopic Elaters

Skeletal, Muscular and Integumentary System

Casey, Genesis Pena, Janell Rivas, Damien Wilbur

What are the functions of the skeleton ?

• To protect & help us move.

Red Marrow

• The red marrow is located within the bone.• It produces the body’s blood cell through a

process called hematopoiesis

Integumentary System

• Acts as a cover to the inner body.

3 Outer areas of Intergumentary

• Skin• Hair• nails

Circulatory & Respiratory System

Circulatory system & transportation

• Acts as a transportations system because the blood cells transport the gas carbon dioxide back to the heart and lungs for exchange, then picks up oxygen to transport.

Flow of blood• All blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins:

The superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava(IVC) (see figure 3).

• The SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body. The IVC collects blood from the lower half of the body. Blood leaves the SVC and the IVC and enters the right atrium (RA) (3).

• When the RA contracts, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve (4) and into the right ventricle (RV) (5). When the RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve (6), into the pulmonary artery (PA) (7) and into the lungs where it picks up oxygen.

Respiratory system

• Nose• The nose is the primary upper respiratory

organ in which air enters into and exits from the body. Cilia and mucus line the nasal cavity and traps bacteria and foreign particles that enter in through the nose. In addition, air that passes through the nasal cavity is humidified and moistened.

Plants

The first land plants evolved from what organism?

Bacteria

What is the function of the stomata?

• It is the opening in the surface of a leaf that allows the exchange of gases

The female sex gamete in plants is the?

• ovule

What is the function of roots?

• Absorption of water and inorganic• Anchoring of the plant body to the ground• Storage of food and nutrients• Vegetative reproduction

Identify the various tropisms of plants responses

• Positive tropism- grows towards the stimulus

• Negative tropism- grows away from the stimulus

• Phototropism- response to light• Gravitropism- response to gravity• Thigmotropism- response to heat

What are the characteristics of the roots ,stems, seeds, leaves in

monocots?Leaf veins- parallel Flowers- are found in threes or multiples of threePollen- a single furrow or pore through the

monosulcate or outer layerStem-is grouped in long strands of vascular

bundles

Roots-develop from nodes in the stem.

The male sex gamete in plants is the?

• It is called the anther or the stamen

Digestive and Excretory SystemBy: SonnyAlejandra

TemiMeaghan

Where Chemical Digestion Take Place

• In the digestive tract the chemical digestion takes place in the stomach.

Where Does Mechanical Digestion Take Place?

• In the digestive tract the mechanical digestion takes place in the mouth.

Digestive System• A.) Esophagus- Transfers food to

stomach.• B.) Gallbladder- store bile for the

liver and deliver it to the small intestine when it is needed.

• C.) Liver- breaks down fats• D.) Stomach- breaks down food• E.) Duodenum- receive the

partially digested foods from the stomach

• F.) Spleen- removes old red blood cells, sotre and produce white cells

• G.) Small intestine- absorb nutrients

• H.) Large intestine- absorb water, maintains fluid balance in the body.

Name and Locate

• Kidneys- Removing waste products from blood and regulating water fluid level.

• Bladder – To retain the urine of the body until it can be released urethra and out of the body.

Excretory System

• The Kidneys are the main organ of the excretory system.

How Do Infectious Diseases Spread?

• Infectious diseases are spread by direct contact with one another.

First and Second Line Defense• 1st Line of Defense: the Skin

The skin provides a formidable physical barrier to the entry of pathogens

• 2nd line: Phagocyte white blood cells, inflammation and fever, antimicrobial substancesA range of defense mechanisms operate inside the body to inhibit or destroy pathogens. 

What are Antibiotics?

• A medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.

How does HIV weaken immune system? What type of cells does

HIV destroy?• Destroys CD4 cells•  gradually exhausts the body's ability to

combat the virus