bacteria are extremely numerous
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Bacteria are extremely numerous. 10 30 vs 10 10 bacteria humans 10 14 vs 10 13 bacterial cells in human cells in a human body a human body. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bacteria are extremely numerous
1030 vs 1010
bacteria humans
1014 vs 1013
bacterial cells in human cells in
a human body a human body
Bacteria can be extremely dangerous
• In the 19th Century 1 in 7 deaths was caused by a single bacterial lineage (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
• TB still causes 1.7 million deaths annually
Bacteria evolve extremly rapidly
Bacterial genomes are small:
4,000,000 bp vs 2 * 3,000,000,000 bp
typical bacteria human
Bacterial replication
Bacterial sex
ACTTGCTTTCGACCCTAGGATTTTACTTCTTT
ACTTGCTTTCGACCCTTGGATTTTACTTCTTT
Point mutation
ACTTGCTTTCGACCCTAGGATTTTACTTCTTT
GACCTTAGCATTAT+
ACTTGCTTTCGACCTTAGCATTATACTTCTTT
Homologous recombination
Branch swapping algorithm
Node that will be transplanted
daughter
father
Salmonella enterica
Salmonella enterica
?
?
Genotype information Correct (%) Uncertainty removed (%)
Alleles 58 37
ST 40 10
Clonal complex (1) 42 13
Clonal complex (2) 42 13
Alleles plus ST 60 40
Alleles plus clonal complex 58 37
Assignment to sheep vs chicken vs cow.
Predicted host
Host
(n) Chicken Cow Sheep
Chicken 309 66% 14% 19%
Cattle 245 12% 50% 38%
Sheep 159 10% 36% 54%
~21 complex
518
43
300
302
368
44341
345 409
423
518 519
641262
274
275
369 621
642
722
487615
742
748752
719
712
21 434388
268
300300
302302
368368
44341
345 409
4444341341
345345 409409
423423
519519
635635
641641262
274
275
369 621
642262262
274274
275275
369369 621621
642642
722722
487487615615
742742
748748752752
719719
712712
2121
Chicken Ruminant
No. of descendent genotypes 1 (success) 0 (failure)
tbpB family 1 1 18
tbpB family 3 0 3
tbpB family 4 3 3
pgm 1 1
IS1106A 5 4
Translocation of opaJ 2 8
Translocation of opaA 1 4
Other opa changes 4 5
iga 1 1