BackwardsDesignHowdoesdefiningwhatstudentsshouldbeabletodohelp

withdesigningalllevelsofinstruc:on?Knowingcurriculargoals,informscoursegoals,informs

instruc:onalmodules,andinformsclasssession

BackwardsDesignforYourClassroom

Analternatewaytoapproachinstruc:on

1.  Iden:fyyouraudience2.  Statementsofyourlearningoutcomes

(appropriatelevelofBloom’s)3.  Chooseanappropriateinterven:on4.  Determineassessment

UnderstandingbydesignandUnderstandingbydesign:Professionaldevelopmentworkbook(Wiggins&McTighe,1998,2004).

Whybother?Makingtheswitchtoanac:ve,student-

centeredclassroomthatemphasizesprocess

•  ImprovedaYtudescanleadtoimprovedlearningoutcomes(Weimer2002)

•  Increaseinstudentperformanceonques:onsrequiringHOCs(KnightandWood2005,Freemanetal.2007,Armbrusteretal.2009)

•  Increasedstudentinvolvementshowsincreasedperformanceonexams(Prezsleretal.2007)

•  Ac:velearninghasbeenshowntoreducethestudentachievementgap(Haaketal.2011)

FortodaywewillbegoingthroughtheprocessofBackwardsDesign,andthenpar:cipantswillconstructstudentoutcomesasaframeworkfor

BackwardsDesigninyourcourses

•  Workthroughdesigninganac:vitythroughbackwardsdesign

•  Iden:fystudentlearningoutcomes(SLOs)basedonBloom’staxonomy

•  Iden:fyanddesigninstruc:onalmaterials/ac:vi:es/ques:onsthatarealignedwiththelearningoutcomes

ApplyingBackwardsDesign

•  LearningGoals–desiredresult,verybroadinscope

•  LearningOutcomes–acceptableevidence

•  LearningExperience–ac:vitydesign

•  AssessmentandAlignment

(easiesttodoinsmallparts–ateachableunit)

Withyourgroup(oryourself)Tellthemyourusualmethodfor

designingacourseSharehowyoudesignyoursyllabus

withothersinthegroupDiscusstheprosandconsofthat

method

Howdosomepeoplestart?

BackwardsCourseDesign

Wood(2009)

Wheredidthesyllabusgo?

AMomenttoReflect

Objec:ves

Evidence

Learningexperience

•  Howwelldoesyourcurrentmethodofcoursedesignmatchthemethodologyforbackwardsdesign?–  Howaretheysimilar?–  Howaretheydifferent?

Considerformingastewardshipcommiieeforyourcourses

Someproblemsthatarefrequentlyiden:fied

ContentCoverage•  Whattext•  Whatchapters•  Whatfacts•  Addi:onalreadings•  Appropriatewebsites

Ac-veLearning•  Incorpora:ngac:ve

learningintheclassroomsimplyforthesakeofac:velearning–  NeedtoclarifyEntertainment

vs.learningvalueofac:vi:es•  Ac:vi:esthatarenot

centeredonstudentlearningandachievementgivethepercep:onofbusy-work

Studentcomments:WhyamIdoingthis?Whatisthepoint?WhyshouldIbotherlearningthis?i.e.studentscanseethedisconnectincontentversusassessmentwhenoneexists

Overalltheprocessshouldseemoddlyfamiliar…

BackwardsDesign•  Iden:fythedesiredresult•  Determineacceptable

evidence•  Planlearningexperience•  Istherealignmentbetween

outcomes,ac:vi:es,andassessment

ExperimentalDesign•  DevelopHypothesis•  Determineacceptable

evidence•  Planexperiments•  Dotheexperimentsaddress

thehypothesis?

Fallinginlovewiththe“humdingerofaques:on”

Onen:mes,whenwri:ngaques:onlikethis,thoseques:onstrulyembodywhatwethinkstudents

shouldbeabletodoaneraiendinglectures,doingreadings,etc.

Howtoformalizethisprocess?

What’sthebestwaytoevaluatethestudents?

Duringdrugdesignresearchersmodifydrugsbyaddingfunc:onalgroupstothechemicalofinterest.Supposearesearcherwantedtomodifyadrugtomakeitmorelikelytopassthroughplasmamembranes.Howmightshemodifythedrug?Explainyourreasoning.

Ifstudentsaresuccessfulatansweringthisques:on…

•  theyshouldbeabletodifferen:ate…

•  theyshouldbeabletopredict…

•  theyshouldbeabletocompare…

•  theyshouldbeabletoiden:fy…

Applyingbackwardcoursedesign

BasedonScien/ficTeachingTable5.3

LearningGoals LearningOutcomes

Assessment Ac-vi-es Alignment

OverarchingorPie-in-the-skygoals

Whatshouldthestudentbeabletodo?

Howwillboththestudentandtheinstructorknowifthelearningoutcomehasbeenachieved?

Whatinstruc:onalpedagogiescanbeusedtohelpstudentsachievetheoutcomes?

Aretheac:vi:esandassessmentshelpingstudentsachievemydefinedlearningoutcomes?

Measurableevidenceoflearning

Meaningfulevalua:ondepends

onalignmentbetweenlearning

outcomesandassessments!

Howthatevidenceismeasured

Beginswithdefiningtheoverarchinggoals

•  Thinkfirstaboutthelargeoverarchinggoalsyouhaveforyourstudents

Star:ngwiththeendLearningGoals Learning

OutcomesAssessment Ac-vi-es Alignment

OverarchingorPie-in-the-skygoals

Whatshouldthestudentbeabletodo…

Howwillboththestudentandtheinstructorknowifthelearningoutcomehasbeenachieved?

Whatinstruc:onalpedagogiescanbeusedtohelpstudentsachievetheoutcomes?

Aretheac:vi:es/assessmentshelpingstudentsachievemydefinedlearningoutcomes?

Studentsshouldunderstandtherela:onshipbetweenstructureandfunc:oninbiologicalmembranes

Modifica:onfromScien:ficTeachingTable5.3

Takeaminute

•  Writedowntwolearningoutcomesforyourcourse–seehandout

•  Sharewithyourgroup•  Providefeedbacktogroupmembers

EstablishingLearningOutcomes

•  Outcomesshouldbemeaningfulandrelevant

•  Outcomesshouldbemeasurable

•  Outcomesshouldbepartofalargerlearninggoal

•  Iden:fyPointsAandB(thisiden:fiesyourlearningoutcomes,wheredostudentsstartandwheredoyouwantthemtoendup?)

•  Statementsthatspecifywhatstudentsshouldbeabletodo

A B

LearningOutcomes

•  Clearlystatewhatstudentswillbeabletodoanertheyhavecompletedtheac:vi:es

•  Alignedwiththeoveralllearninggoals•  Outcomesincludeac:veverbsthatcanbemeasured(Bloom’sTaxonomy)

•  Benefitsofdefininglearningoutcomesforyourcourse:– Guideinstruc:onaldevelopmentthroughbackwardsdesign

– Studentsknowexpecta:ons– AssessTeachingandLearning

Let’sgobackonemore:me…

•  Writedowntwolearningoutcomesforyourcourse

•  Sharewithyourgroup•  Providefeedbacktogroupmembers

•  Fordiscussionoftheoutcomes–  Dotheoutcomesaddressalargercoursegoal?

–  Isthereacommonmisconcep:onthatisdealtwithintheoutcomes?

–  Aretheoutcomessomethingthatcanbeassessed?

Abitofcau:on…

•  Appreciate•  Understand•  Willbefamiliarwith•  Learn

FromCrea:veCommons

Thesetendtobewordsthatiden:fyLearningGoals,butaredifficulttoassess.

Aliilebitofhelp…

•  Objec:vesshouldincludeacleardescrip:onofwhatstudentsshouldbeabletodo.

•  Bloom’staxonomyhandoutwithsampleques:onstemsandverbsthatmaybehelpfulforoutliningyourSLOs

•  Mayalsowanttoconsiderwhatcogni:velevelisbeingreachedwitheachofyourlearningoutcomes.

Star:ngwiththeendLearningGoals Learning

OutcomesAssessment Ac-vi-es Alignment

OverarchingorPie-in-the-skygoals

Whatshouldthestudentbeabletodo…

Howwillboththestudentandtheinstructorknowifthelearningoutcomehasbeenachieved?

Whatinstruc:onalpedagogiescanbeusedtohelpstudentsachievetheoutcomes?

Aretheac:vi:es/assessmentshelpingstudentsachievemydefinedlearningoutcomes?

Studentsshouldunderstandtherela:onshipbetweenstructureandfunc:oninbiologicalmembranes

1.Predicttheabilityofasubstancetocrossthemembrane2.PredicthoworganellepHchangeswithchangesinmembranestructure

1.  MC–listofmolecules

2.  MC–diagram,withloca:onsinmitochondria

3.  Essay–drugmodifica:onwithfxnlgroups

Modifica:onfromScien:ficTeachingTable5.3

BiggerPicture

•  NowthatyouhaveyourSLOshowwilltheyinformyourinstruc:on?–  Considertheac:vi:esthatyouchoosetohelpstudentsaiaintheseoutcomes

–  Let’sconsiderouropinionsaboutlearningwhilewethinkaboutstrategiesforlearning

Whatcanwedotoinfluencewhereandhowstudentslearn?

Whatisanappropriateinterven:on?

•  Clickerques:ons•  Lectureontopic•  One-minutepaper•  Problemsolvingsession•  Reading•  Tes:ng

WhatcanyoudotohelpyourstudentsachievetheSLOsyouhavedefinedforyourcourse?

Trytofillouttherestofthecolumnsinyourtable,orfindsomeresources

onthewebtohelpdesignsomethingtouseinyourclass

Star:ngwiththeendLearningGoals Learning

OutcomesAssessment Ac-vi-es Alignment

OverarchingorPie-in-the-skygoals

Whatshouldthestudentbeabletodo…

Howwillboththestudentandtheinstructorknowifthelearningoutcomehasbeenachieved?

Whatinstruc:onalpedagogiescanbeusedtohelpstudentsachievetheoutcomes?

Aretheac:vi:es/assessmentshelpingstudentsachievemydefinedlearningoutcomes?

Studentsshouldunderstandtherela:onshipbetweenstructureandfunc:oninbiologicalmembranes

1.Predicttheabilityofasubstancetocrossthemembrane2.PredicthoworganellepHchangeswithchangesinmembranestructure

1.  MC–listofmolecules

2.  MC–diagram,withloca:onsinmitochondria

3.  Essay–drugmodifica:onwithfxnlgroups

1.  Textbook2.  Addi:onal

reading3.  Mini-lecture4.  In-classtps5.  Clicker

ques:on(s)6.  Problem

solving

Evaluatedatafromforma:veandsumma:veassessments

Modifica:onfromScien:ficTeachingTable5.3

Howwillyouhelpstudentsachievethelearningoutcomes?Whatdotheyneedtoknow Ac-vity

LearningGoal:Describethemolecularstructureandfunc:onofplasmamembranesSLO:Predicttheabilityofagivenmoleculetopassthroughamembrane

Founda:onalKnowledge Reading,Pre-classQuiz

Relevanceofmaterial Think-pair-share,clickerques:ons,discussionworksheet

Applica:on Clickerques:ons,Homework,Post-classquiz,discussionworksheet

Thecomponentofprac:ceforstudentsisonethatcannotbeemphasizedenough.Thisencouragesexperiencewiththematerial,long-termreten:onofconceptualunderstanding,andabilitytoevaluatesimilarexamplesandproblems.

Whatisouttherealready?Manyresourcesforincreasingstudentinvolvement

andachievingstudentlearningoutcomes

ClassroomresponsesystemsCasestudiesDiagnos:cQues:onClustersJust-in-:meteachingConceptInventories

CaseStudies

hip://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/cs/

CaseStudies

TedEdLessons

hip://ed.ted.com/lessons/nature-s-smallest-factory-the-calvin-cycle-cathy-symington

JITT

hip://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/jus:n:me/index.html

Ac:vi:esandBlocksintheedi:ngmenuofCCLE:Quizzes(allformatsforques:ons)BlackboardCollaborateDiscussionBoardVoicerecordings

Diagnos:cQues:onClusters

hip://biodqc.org/dqcs

ConceptInventorieship://www.sci.sdsu.edu/CRMSE/files/Concept_Inventories_in_Biology_20110325.pdf

BackwardsDesignIden:fywhatyouwantstudentstoknow,

understand,andbeabletodo

Whatevidencewillshowthatstudentshaveachievedthatgoal

Learningac:vi:es:HowwillIhelpstudentsachieve

thecoursegoals?Domydesignatedac:vi:esalignwiththelearning

goalsandstudentoutcomes?

The importance of Alignment

•  “That test came out of left field” •  Need to determine what the students do

and don’t know •  Need to determine what was successful

and what was not •  Importance of modeling the behavior

Howdoyouknowitisworking?•  Whatisyourassessmentstrategy?•  Whatwillyouconsidersuccess?•  Wherewillyougetyourdata?•  Howwillyouusethedata?

hip://www.missouristate.edu/assessment/89380.htm

Importanttorememberthatac:vi:esarealignedtoachieveyourlearninggoals,notforentertainmentvalue