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TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0INTRODUCTION
This section aims at discussing the scope of the research.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Generally, spending means the act of spending or disbursing money. It also can be stated
as outgo: money that paid out otherwise refers as an amount spends for something. The spending
pattern is about the people behavior in spending their money and this behavior is vary among
people. The spending pattern among people is mostly depending on the economic situation other
than other factors. People will spend most money when economic is blooming. At this time,
people are thought to have more purchasing power. This is because they can coop with the price
and affordable to buy things. At this time people will spend most of their income or money to go
for shopping as the value of money tends to be high. Instead of, this situation will become vice
versa when economics slow down. People will spend less when economic is slow down. At this
time, the purchasing power is low because they can not afford with the price, so they can only
focus on necessity things and tend to save more money than spend it. The value of money is
decrease.
Then, when the world faces economic problem, especially when the oil and other
commodities price is increase, it brings the great effect on people spending pattern. People being
more wisely in spending their money as their income probably can not afford their expenses.
This situation affects people purchasing power. People now tend to spend only on necessity
things rather than personal things as one of the way for saving.
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Different people have different spending behavior as different people demand for different
things. Of course people may have different needs and wants. The spending pattern vary in term
of gender, marital status, family size, social classes, job level and etc.People always thought that
women are spent more than men. Besides, married people and unmarried people will have
different spending behavior because their needs and wants are varying according to family size.
Basically, people with large family are intend to spend more for their needs and wants as
compare to people who still single. It goes same with the people who have high job level and
have high rank in social class may intend to spend more as their spending pattern are whether
based on their needs, wants or affordable.
So, this study is focus on determining the various factors leading to the various spending
pattern among people, especially focus on staffs at UiTM Machang Kelantan.
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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The pattern of spending behavior might change due to certain causes.Obsviously; the
economic situation plays an important determinant of the appending pattern. In economic
recession, of course people purchasing power is low as they can not afford to coop with the
price, thus, the spending is low. It goes same as when economic is blooming. The people
purchasing power is relatively high as people can afford the price.
As refer to the chart 1.0 in the appendix, the spending pattern among people is affected
by several determinants such as
The income that the UiTM staffs received does not enough to cover their monthly
expenses. Whereby, income that they receive monthly cannot support their expenses until at the
end of the month. The several problems that we found that cause the problem of inadequate
money expenses are as follows:
First, because of the increasing of the commodities price nowadays such as rice, sugar,
oil and etc, which make the household expenses, become increase. Thus, it affects the spending
pattern among people who had married and have large family.
Second, the nature of the income that they received is not same to adapt and meet with
their needs and wants. As for people who have received income less than RM1000 to RM1500.
Nowadays, of course these groups of people cannot compete to satisfy their needs as compare to
people with the high salary.
Third, as we know everyone have their own burden of liabilities such as education loan,
property loan like car and house. Therefore their real income is much lesser than what they had
spent. Thus, it affects the spending pattern among people who had lots of liabilities.
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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
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1.3 OBJECTIVE
First of all the main purpose of the research that we want to conduct is to determined
the spending pattern among the staffs in UiTM Kelantan. What we want to determine here
is whether the family size, income, status, needs and demographic factors such as age and
gender had influenced in their spending pattern. In proving the outlined the outcomes of
this research study, we have chosen all the staffs from all job levels in UiTM Machang to
conduct this study.
A careful review of those question areas lead to the development of the following
specific research objectives:
To identify the allocation of spending expenses among UiTM staff. To identify whether the demographic factors such as age, gender and marital
status influenced the spending pattern among the staff.
To know the relationship between income, various needs and wants have aninfluence toward the spending pattern.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
Is the family size has a direct influence towards spending pattern? Is the income factor has influenced the spending pattern? How much do they spent for the household, health, childrens education?
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1.5 HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis is defined as an educated guess of a researcher concerning the research problem. The
most important role of hypothesis is to reflect general problem statement that motivates the
researcher to study.
Ho: There is no relationship between the family size and spending pattern.
H1: There is a relationship between the family size and spending pattern.
Ho: There is no relationship between income and spending pattern.
H1: There is a relationship between income and spending pattern.
Ho: There is no relationship between age and spending pattern.
H1: There is a relationship between age and spending pattern.
1.6SCOPE OF STUDY
The study is focus on spending pattern among staffs at UiTM Machang.The populations
involved in our research are UITM Machang's staff and the respondents are both male and
female in UITM Machang. The amounts of the respondents that we take for this research are
100 staff, including married and bachelor staff. From the 100 respondent we divided them
according to their job level which is 25 people per one grade, (A, B, C and D). research is to
examined the factors that affect their various spending pattern.
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1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The knowledge acquired through this study should contribute to better understanding
of the phenomena of spending pattern among people in Malaysia specially, and in
contributing to the future research in similar areas generally. Since this study may be treated
as a case study, the results should contribute greatly in terms of methodology for studies to
be conducted at a different level of population or with a broader scope of population.
To UiTMThe management will be more understand the factor which
influences the staffs spending pattern. Thus, they can encourage the staffs to be
more efficient in works in order to get appropriate return to meet with their
needs.
To staffsStaffs will be more understand the important of spending wisely and according to
their needs and capabilities.
To researcherResearcher will get some knowledge as well as experiences in conducting this
research. We can know the spending pattern among people in Malaysia generally.
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