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Background Fulbright Fulbright Worldwide Government Program USIEF is funded equally by US and Indian governments Fulbrights for Indian Nationals Brings citizens of other countries to the US for Masters degree or Ph.D. study at U.S. universities or other institutions. Early-career professionals who will return to take leadership positions in their home countries. Programs for recent grads, lecturers and distinguished professors. Including teaching assistants for Gujarati. http://www.usief.org.in/Scripts/ForIndianNationalsOverview.aspx My Research Indias Municipal Solid Waste Systems Working with TERI and TERI University Case studies in decentralized waste management. WasteLines.com Slide 2 Municipal Solid Waste Management in India Garbage in Gujarat Slide 3 Global Garbage Indias Garbage Content and Processing Collection Example Slide 4 What is Garbage? Slide 5 Garbage has always been and always will be. Something that is not longer of monetary or other value to you is garbage. However the actual material characteristics of Garbage have also changed over time Characteristics are even different from one culture to another and from one country to another today. Slide 6 What is Garbage? Survey Where are you from? Would you throw this out, recycle, or sell this at home? Did you drop something on the ground today? Did you drop something on the ground this week? Slide 7 What is Garbage? Survey Answers Slide 8 What is Garbage? Broken TV Slide 9 What is Garbage? Used Water Jug Slide 10 What is Garbage? Cardboard Boxes Slide 11 What is Garbage? Survey Answers Slide 12 What is Garbage? Survey Answers from Wastelines.com Would you throw this out at home? Broken TV 43% said recycling One person from India said they would get it fixed A few said Curb it Would you throw this out at home? Used Water Tub 90% said they would but this item in the recycling One said they would use it to make beer. Would you throw this out at home? Cardboard Box 87.5% said they would but this item in the recycling No one would sell it. Some would save to reuse again Slide 13 What is Garbage? India has a robust industry of scrap dealers, rag pickers, and informal recyclers. The monetary value that they give your used goods means that those goods are not garbage. Other parts of the world like the United States, this is not the case. Slide 14 Country Comparison From Waste to Resource Slide 15 Country Comparison Per capita India is a very small producer of waste. In total waste produced, India is in the top five in the world. Indias total waste produced as well as the per capita waste generated is likely to increase. World records for waste only as good as the countries internal reporting. In this chart the numbers are derived from many different sources and can vary up to three years. Slide 16 Municipal Waste India has an estimated municipal waste market of 570 million Euros. US has about 43 billion China has about 26 billion Recycling Industry India is a major end point for E-Waste Alang Ship-breaking port is the biggest in Asia India is also the largest used plastic recycling market in Asia The Waste Market Slide 17 Garbage in India Slide 18 Municipal Solid Waste in India Districts and states are responsible for their own collection and tracking of msw. Disparity in the quality of research and service Ministries differ from one another. An improvement in this recording is continually cited as necessary for the overall improvement of waste management. Garbage leaves the waste stream before being collected. Slide 19 Municipal Solid Waste in India How Much Garbage is Produced in India? Over 55 Million Tonnes per (1.5 Lakhs per day) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 67.5 million Tonnes per year From Waste to Resource http://www.cpcb.nic.in Slide 20 Municipal Solid Waste in India Growth Trends Correlation between Per Capita Economic Growth and Waste Generation Indias Waste is Increasing Before it was better, but when people started using plastic bags they didnt have any value and they didnt care where they left itpeople are still having the bad habits and the amount of garbage overall is increasing Correlation between per capita growth and waste generation 1-1.5% increase (MoUD) Slide 21 1986 Environmental Protection and Amendments 1989 Hazardous wastes management and handling rules, manufacture storage and import of hazardous chemicals rules 1992 National environmental tribunal bill 1995 The national environment tribunal act 1996 Chemical Accidents Rules 1998 Bio-medical waste rules 1999 Recycled plastic manufactured and usage rules 1999 Solid waste management in Class-1 cities in India - guidelines by supreme court of India 2000 Municipal solid waste rules of MSW Rule 2000, amended in 2003 2000 Ozone depleting substances (regulation) Rules 2001 Batteries (management and handling) rules 2002 Bureau of Energy Efficiency 2003 Corporate responsibility for environmental protection charter (CREP), "which encourages companies to go beyond existing regulations, undertake reduction of waste production and adopt clean technologies. 2010 (Under review) E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2010 National Laws Slide 22 Most of the waste (50-70%) is organic. Informal Recycling Developing Economy that is consuming less packaged foods and disposable goods As the countrys GDP increases this is likely to change Waste in India is wet Organic Climate Collection Practices Whats in Your Garbage? National Contents of Waste Slide 23 National Contents of Waste Slide 24 Challenges to Processing Waste in India Slide 25 Moisture Low Calorific Content Informal/Formal Transportation and Maintenance Challenges to Processing Slide 26 Processing Methods processDescriptionRequirementsChallenges Incineration and RDF Thermal energy generation Dry/synthetic goods, water Garbage is wet, caloric content too low BiomethanizationTurning organic waste into gas Composting material, Lots of agricultural input Onsite generation, technology CompostingNon-meat food to soil & fertilizer Land, trees, sometimes worms Space, market, Public ignorance LandfillGather waste together in one controlled location Sanitary Conditions require high-tech engineering Open dumping, Lack of facility and space, overuse Slide 27 Slide 28 Air pollution Water pollution Disposal of ash and other by- products Water Health, safety, and odor impacts Disincentives for waste reduction Disincentives for recycling Pollution Concerns Slide 29 Informal Recycling Industry Higher Re-Use and recycling rate Value of the Garbage increases Regulation Environment Labor Slide 30 Survey conducted in Bangalore by the Biodiversity Conservation India Pvt Ltd found that while 65% had seen others throwing garbage on the road, 86% clamed not to have thrown any themselves Dropping garbage on the street causes problems Cost of collection increases Clogged waterways and sewage systems Encourages pests and mosquito growth Waste decreases in value Collection and Disposal Garbage on the street Slide 31 Slide 32 Dont mix wet and dry waste Create Sanitary Conditions for Collectors and Ragpickers Local Infrastructure Segregation Slide 33 Slide 34 Land area of 9.53 sq kms, over 113,000 residents and 9 slum colonies Self-Employed Womens Association Shri Karya Siddhi Kargal Kam Mahila Sewa Sahkri Mandli - a cooperative of women rag pickers and operates across AMC. Vishnu Khadi Co-operative Society. Vejalpur complies with the MSW rules of 2000 - providing a standard set of practices, a good level of segregation, accountability and working with the local rag-pickers. Most functioning systems in India will probably end up looking something like this, with a mix of decentralized and centralized collection. Vejalpur, Ahmedabad Solid Waste Management in India Cities (Ed. Darshini Mahadevia and Jeanne M. Wolfe) Concept Publishing Company, 2008 New Delhi. Chapter 9. Slide 35 Benefits Community Level Local Support Avoid Inefficiencies of transport and collection Basic Technology and Processing Smaller impact on environment Shortfalls Land Requirements Employment Changes Regulation Cost Dumping Decentralized Waste Management Slide 36 What Does the Future Hold? Slide 37 Rachel Leven Website: www.WasteLines.com Twitter: TheDump Contact Information