background and rationale
DESCRIPTION
Detection and molecular characterisation of potyviruses infecting potato and vegetables in Iraq NAWRES SADEQ, MN MARUTHI and SUSAN SEAL Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK. Background and rationale. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Table 1. Degenerate potyvirus primers used to detect potyviruses in Iraqi plants by RT-PCR. NT: not tested, NS: non specific bands, +: positive, -: negative, +/-: weak positive.*: expected product size.
Plant viruses are a major limiting factor for potato and vegetable production in
Iraq. Local reports described a range of viruses in Iraq on potato, tomato,
cucurbits and broad bean, identified mainly on the basis of biological and
serological properties, with limited electron microscopy, which lack accurate
identification and characterisation of viruses. This study was initiated with the
following objectives: 1) to generate basic information on the type of potyviruses
infecting potato and vegetables in Iraq, 2) to study their molecular diversity and
phylogenetic relationships, and 3) to develop reliable RT-PCR diagnostic tests.
Diseased leaf samples from potato, tomato, broad bean and cucurbits were
collected from Baghdad and Al-Anbar provinces in 2008. Total nucleic acids
were extracted using CTAB protocol and virus genomes amplified by RT-PCR
using various sets of degenerative potyvirus primers (Fig 1). RT-PCR amplicons
of the expected size were cloned and screened by restriction digestion with AluΙ
and EcoRI (Fig 2 A&B) to assist the selection of clones for sequencing.
Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences were carried out using MEGA4.
All the crops tested (potato, tomato, broad bean and cucurbits) by RT-PCR were
infected with potyviruses. Use of primers Pot1/Pot2 and S primer/M4T gave rise
to the highest number of positive samples (Table 1). PCR products of size 1.3 Kb
with Pot1/Pot2, and 1.6-1.8 Kb with S primer/M4T sets were observed in 52 and
57 samples out of 138 samples tested, respectively (Fig 2 C&D).
Sequencing of the PCR products revealed the occurrence of three potyviruses
in Iraqi samples. Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) in broad bean (97% similar
to isolates from Japan), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in squash (95%
similar to isolates from Pakistan), and two strains of Potato virus Y in potato
(PVY-NTN 92% similar to strains from Syria, USA and UK; and PVY N:O 95-
99% similar to isolates from USA, Canada and Germany), and PVY N:O in
tomato only. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences clustered these viruses
separately according to their nucleotide similarities (Fig 3). At 92% similarity
Three potyviruses, BYMV, ZYMV and PVY were found to infect potato, tomato,
broad bean and cucurbits in Iraq. All three are isolates of previously described
viruses.
Background and rationale
Methodology: RT-PCR tests to amplify Iraqi potyviruses
Conclusions
Results: Three potyviruses were detected in potato and vegetables of Iraq
Detection and molecular characterisation of potyviruses infecting potato and vegetables in
IraqNAWRES SADEQ, MN MARUTHI and SUSAN SEAL
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
1 ALKKLYVDRTVDEEELQGFRGMVPPYNNEIEGISYKMQRRAQDTIVSGPKIKKDGEKGKRGPHVNVGNLLEEVVHIVARGIKTIFRSSKIGAITQRSKKGCRTVLNLEPLLECSPKQIDISNTRATQSQFDTWYEAVQLAFDIGEMEMPTVMNGLMVWCIENEPSPNINGVWVMM 1-1752 ALKKLYMDRTVDEEELKAFTEMMVALDDELECDTYEVHHQGNDTIDAGGSTKKDAKQEQGSIQPNLNKGKEKDVNVGTSGTHTVPRIKAITSKMRMPKSKGATVLNLEHLLEYAPQQIDISNTRATQSQFDTWYEAVQLAYDIGETEMPTVMNGLMVWCIENGTSPNINGVWVMM3 ALKKLYMNRTVDEEELKAFTEMMVALDDELECDTYEVHHQGNDTIDAGGSTKKDAKQEQGSIQPNLNKEKEKDVNVGTSGTHTVPRIKAITSKMRMPKSKGATVLNLEHLLEYAPQQIDISNTRATQSQFDTWYEAVQLAYDIGETEMPTVMNGLMVWCIENGTSPNINGVWVMM
Fig 4. PVY-NTN coat protein amino acid sequences isolated from potato in Iraq aligned with closely related sequences from GenBank.1:Iraqi,2:Syrian,3:USA isolates.
Fig 1. Genome map of a potyvirus indicating conserved motifs and degenerate primer sites
Fig 2. RT-PCR products from broad bean, tomato and potato using A) S primer/M4T, and B) pot1/pot2 primers. Restriction digestion pattern using C) AluΙ and D) EcoRI. BB1: broad bean, PC & PM: potato, CuMMo: zucchini, To23 & To24: tomato.
PVY-NTN was the
most divergent poty-
virus found in Iraq, the
deduced amino acid
sequences of which is
presented together
with the selected vir-
uses from the data-
base (Fig 4).
Fig 3. Neighbour joining tree with 70% bootstrap scores based on NIb (GNNS) motif /CP/ 3`UTR nucleotide sequences of four Iraqi potyvirus isol-ates (highlighted in red) along with related sequences from the database.