back and spine part 1: skeletal anatomy
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IAP MUSCULOSKELETAL SERIES
CHRISTIAN ORENSE, PTRP
BACK AND SPINEPART 1: SKELETAL
ANATOMY
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nSUPPORTS THE WEIGHT OF THE HEAD
nPROTECTION
nEXIT OF SPINAL NERVES
nSITE FOR MUSCLE ATTACHMENT
nMOVEMENT
FUNCTION
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THE VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
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DEVELOPING VS MATURE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
VERTEBRAL
SEGMENTDEVELOPING MATURE
CERVICAL 7 7THORACIC 12 12
LUMBAR 5 5
SACRAL 5 1
COCCYGEAL 4 1
TOTAL 33 26
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Function of Vertebral
Column
Anterior Column:
weight and shock absorption
+mobility
Posterior Column
protection of Spinal Cord,
guidance and limitation of motion
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PRIMARY VS
SECONDARY CURVES
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!thoracic and sacral curves are
termedprimary curves(KYPHOSIS)
!cervical and lumbar curves are
compensatory or secondary
(LORDOSIS)
!Cervical formed at 2-3 months
!Lumbar formed at 10-12 months
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PRIMARY CURVES / KYPHOSIS: THORACIC AND
SACROCOCCYGEAL
SECONDARY / LORDOSIS:
CERVICAL FORMED 2-3 MOS
LUMBAR FORMED 10-12 MOS
PRIMARY VS
SECONDARY CURVES
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
VERTEBRAL BODY
PEDICLE
LAMINA
SPINOUS PROCESS
TRANSVERSEPROCESS
VERTEBRAL
FORAMEN
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS
INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
INTERVERTEBRAL
FORAMEN
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INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
Found between the vertebral
bodies
For shock absorption and bending
of vertebral column
Nucleus Pulposus
Annulus Fibrosus
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TYPICAL CERVICAL
VERTEBRA
Small vertebral
body
Bifid spinousprocess
Transverse
Foramen -Vertebralaa, vein,
sympathetic vein
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ATYPICAL CERVICAL
VERTEBRA (C1, C2, C6, C7)
C1/ ATLASNO VERTEBRAL BODY
NO SPINOUS PROCESS
RING-SHAPED
ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT
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ATYPICAL CERVICAL
VERTEBRA (C1, C2, C6, C7)
ODONTOID PROCESS
LARGELY BIFID SPINOUS
PROCESS
SHORT TRANSVERSE
PROCESSES
THICK AND STRONGLAMINAE
ANTLANTO-AXIAL JOINT
C2: AXIS
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ATYPICAL CERVICAL
VERTEBRA (C1, C2,C6, C7)
LONGEST, NON-BIFID
SPINOUS PROCESS
LARGE TRANSVERSE
PROCESS
SMALL TRANSVERSE
FORAMEN
C6 OR C7
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TYPICAL THORACIC
VERTEBRA (T3-T8)
HEART SHAPED AND
MEDIUM SIZED
VERTEBRAL BODY
SMALL, CIRCULAR
VERTEBRAL FORAMEN
LONG, DOWNARD-
INCLINED SPINOUSPROCESS
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SUPERIOR COSTAL
DEMIFACET FOR
HEAD OF RIB
INFERIOR COSTALDEMIFACET
FOR HEAD OF RIB
SUPERIOR
ARTICULAR
FACET
INFERIOR
ARTICULAR
FACET
ARTICULAR
FACET FORTUBERCLE
OF RIB
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COSTAL FACETS
Present on VERTEBRAL BODIES for
articulation with HEAD of the RIB
Present on TRANSVERSE PROCESS for
articulation with the TUBERCLE of the RIB
(except 11 and 12)
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ATYPICAL THORACIC
VERTEBRAE(T1, T9, T10, T11, T12)
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T1
SUPERIOR FACET
INFERIOR DEMIFACET
NO TRANSVERSE FORAMEN
VERY MUCH SIMILAR TO C7
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T9
ONLY 2 SUPERIOR
COSTAL FACET ON
VERTEBRAL BODY
NO INFERIORDEMIFACET
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T10
NEARLY COMPLETE FACET ON
TRANSVERSE PROCESS
2 SUPERIOR COSTAL FACETS ON
VERTEBRAL BODY
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T11
2 SUPERIOR COSTAL FACETS
NO FACET ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS
NO INFERIOR DEMIFACET
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T12
2 SUPERIOR COSTAL FACETS
NO INFERIOR DEMIFACET
NO FACET ON TRANSVERSE PROCESS
SHORT SPINOUS PROCESS
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nLARGEST &STRONGEST
nKIDNEY shapedVERTEBRAL BODY
nSHORT, THICK,QUADRANGULAR &BROAD SPINE
n (+) MAMMILLARY
PROCESS
TYPICAL LUMBAR
VERTEBRA
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ATYPICAL LUMBAR
VERTEBRA(L5)
MORE MASSIVEVERTEBRAL BODY
BROAD CONICAL
TRANSVERSE PROCESS
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n is a large, triangularbone at the base of
the spine and at the
upper and back part
of the pelvic cavity,where it is inserted
like a wedge between
the two hip bones
SACRUM
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COMPOSITION
A.SACRAL PROMONTORY
B.SACRAL CANAL
C.SACRAL HIATUS
D.MEDIAN SACRAL CREST
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nas the tailbone
n final segment of thehuman vertebral
column
nConsists of 4 vertebraen 1st coccygeal vertebra
is usually not fused orincompletely fused
with the 2nd vertebra
COCCYX
LIGAMENTOUS
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LIGAMENTOUS
STRUCTURES1. ALL
2. PLL
3. LIGEMENTA FLAVA
4. INTERSPINOUS5.SUPRASPNOUS
6.
INTERTRANSVERSE
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END OF LECTUREPLEASE PREPARE FOR POST-LEC