bacillus anthracis and its activity in anthrax
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Bacillus anthracis and its activity in Anthrax. Lance Morrison. General anthrax info. Identified in 1800s Mostly effected livestock (transmit to humans) Showed to be related to B. anthracis in 1876 (Robert Koch) First effective vaccine 1881 (Louis Pasteur) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bacillus anthracis and its activity in AnthraxLance Morrison
General anthrax infoIdentified in 1800sMostly effected livestock (transmit to
humans)Showed to be related to B. anthracis in
1876 (Robert Koch)First effective vaccine 1881 (Louis
Pasteur)Present day, much less common,
isolated outbreaks
Anthrax (cont.)Infect by inhalation, ingestion,
contact with open skin wound (cutaneous)
In humans, cutaneous is most common
Bioweapon via inhalation
Bacillus anthracisRod shape, Gram-positive
bacteriaForms endosporesCan synthesize a protein capsuleSynthesizes three important
proteins:◦Edema Factor◦Lethal Factor◦Protective Antigen
EndosporesCreated through cell divisionDormant, resilient form
EndosporesSurvive for extended periods in
soil◦ 150-250 y.o. spores (de Vos, 1990)
Can be reactivated by change in environment
Nutrient rich = survival, replication
Protein Capsule
Avoid immune responses
Very unsure of full role
Bacillus anthracis Genetics1 chromosome, 2 Plasmids
(pXO1, pXO2)pXO1 – Edema Factor, Lethal
Factor, Protective antigenpXO2 – Protein Capsule
(polyglutamate)
pXO1 – Okinaka et al.Purify plasmid from pXO1+, pXO2-
strain
Shotgun sequencing method
GeneMark software
LF, EF, PAProtective antigen binds to
copies of itselfComplex binds to lethal factor
and edema factorLethal Toxin, Edema Toxin
VaccinesPasteur – 1881, Weakened Cell
vaccine Sterne – 1935, Attenuated Cell
vaccineAnthrax Vaccine Adsorbed –
1970,
Works Cited Bravata DM, Holty JE, Liu H, McDonald KM, Olshen RA, Owens DK (February
2006). "Systematic review: a century of inhalational anthrax cases from 1900 to 2005". Ann Intern Med144 (4): 270–80
de Vos V (1990). “The ecology of anthrax in the Kruger national Park, South Africa. Salisbury Medical Bulletin”. 68S:19–23.
Okinaka, R.T., et al. “Sequence and organization of pXO1, the large Bacillus anthracis plasmid harboring the anthrax toxin genes”. J. Bacteriol. October 1999 vol. 181 no. 20 6509-6515
Pimental RA, Christensen KA, Krantz BA, Collier RJ (September 2004). "Anthrax toxin complexes: heptameric protective antigen can bind lethal factor and edema factor simultaneously". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 322 (1): 258–62.
Uchida, I., T. Sekizaki, K. Hashimoto, and N. Terakado. 1985. “Association of the encapsulation of Bacillus anthracis with a 60 megadalton plasmid”. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:363–367.
The World Health Organization. <http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/anthrax_webs.pdf>