BA 2/23

Explain the similarities and differences between Martin Luther and John Calvin.

Explain the Edict of Worms Finish the foldables from the week

Catholic Reformation

SSWH9 The student will analyze change and continuity in the Renaissance and Reformation.

e. Describe the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent and the role of the Jesuits.

f. Describe the English Reformation and the role of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I

Background

Catholic Church losing many followers to Protestant Reformation

Leads to Catholic Reformation

Catholic Reformation: movement within Catholic Church to reform itself Designed to keep Catholics loyal to the Church

2 Catholic Reformers

1. Ignatius Loyola

2. Pope Paul III

Ignatius of Loyola

Spanish knight

Injured in war while protecting a Spanish kingdom from the French Hit with a cannonball that fractured right leg and

damaged the left

While recovering from injuries, thinks about past sins and about Jesus

Loyola continued

1522: writes Spiritual Exercises Day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study

“Just as walking, traveling, and running are bodily exercises, preparing the soul to remove ill-ordered affections, and after their removal seeking and finding the will of God with respect to the ordering of one’s own life and the salvation of one’s soul, are Spiritual Exercises”

Ignatius Loyola Continued Over 18 years, Ignatius gathers followers known as

Jesuits

3 activities of Jesuits:

1. Create excellent schools in Europe Well-trained in classical studies and theology

2. Convert non-Christians to Catholicism Create missionaries around the world

3. Stop the spread of Protestantism Stop Protestantism in Poland and southern

Germany (video)

Pope Paul III

Pope from 1534-1549

3 steps in Catholic Reform:

1. Investigate indulgence selling and Church abuses

2. Approves Jesuit order

3. Calls the Council of Trent

Council of Trent

Occurs in Northern Italy from 1545-1563

Meeting of bishops and cardinals on Church doctrine

Council of Trent’s 4 Decisions1. Church's interpretation of the Bible was final

Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a heretic

2. Christians need faith and good works for salvation Not saved by faith alone (Luther)

3. Bible and Church tradition are equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life

4. Indulgences are valid expressions of faith False selling of indulgences was banned (video)

1509: King of England

Originally a devout Catholic

Wrote a book denouncing Luther’s ideas Pope gave him title “Defender of the Faith”

Marries Catherine of Aragon Spanish princess

Henry VIII

Henry VIII continuedHenry VIII continued

Has daughter, Mary, from marriage

Henry wants a son, but Catherine has several miscarriages Needs a male heir to the throne

Begins affair with Anne Boleyn (Video)

Divorce not permitted in Catholic Church

Henry asks pope for annulment from Catherine Annulment: formal cancellation of a marriage

Pope denies the annulment Catherine’s nephew is Holy Roman Emperor,

Charles V

English Reformation

English Reformation continued Henry turns to England’s churches

1533: Archbishop of Canterbury declares marriage null & void

Anne & Henry secretly marry before marriage is official annulled

Anne gives birth to a daughter, Elizabeth Unable to give Henry a son, Henry has Anne beheaded

on false charges of adultery

Breaking from the Catholic Church 1534: Henry urges Parliament to finalize break

with the Catholic Church in England & the pope

Act of Supremacy: Gives king control over religious doctrine, clerical appointments & discipline in England

Declares the king was “taken, accepted, & reputed the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England”

Breaking continued

Dissolves monasteries Sells their land & possessions to wealthy

merchants Henry receives boost to treasury Henry remains close to Catholic teachings in

his new church (video)

Dirt and Gossip Henry had a total of 6 wives

Only son came from his 3rd wife, Jane Seymour Son: Edward VI

1. Catherine of Aragon: annulment by Henry2. Anne Boleyn: beheaded by Henry3. Jane Seymour: Died 2 weeks after childbirth4. Anne of Cleves: annulment by Henry5. Katherine Howard: beheaded by Henry for adultery6. Catherine Parr: outlived Henry(video)

Elizabeth I

Daughter of Anne Boleyn

Came to power after Mary I

Wants England to return to Protestantism

Elizabeth I continued

Parliament sets up the Church of England AKA: Anglican Church

Becomes the only legal church in England

Combines Catholic and Protestant beliefs to please English people

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDg9AoJYxeY

EA 2/23

1. What were Martin Luther’s 4 calls for change in Catholic Church?

2. Define predestination.

3. What leads to Catholic Reformation?

4. What were the 3 activities of Jesuits?