b t mag 253 - question origin

7/29/2019 B T Mag 253 - Question Origin

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No. 253January/March

2009

And they rememberedthat God was their rock,

and the high God their redeemer.Psalm 78 v.35


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A QUESTION OF ORIGIN!Linguistic Proofs of our Descent from Ancient Israel!

by Jory Brooks

The following study presents exciting new research identifying

the descendants of the ancient lost House of Israel. It hastremendous bearing on Bible prophecy, the fulfilment of theCovenants, and the duties and obligations of Gods chosenpeople in the world today.

Links to Ancient Israel

What happened to the Biblical House of Israel, the people of Godwho were carried away into Assyrian captivity eight centuries beforeChrist and never heard of again? This age-old mystery can finally besolved through the knowledge which archaeology provides concern-ing ancient languages. The following evidence supports the theorythat the ancient ten tribes of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, aftertheir conquest by Assyria in the late 8th century BC, became theScythian-Cimmerian-Celtic peoples who colonised Europe in theearly Christian centuries. This view, which has long been known as

the Anglo-Israel theory, has been analysed in an interesting articleby author and historian Geoffrey Ashe.1

Ashe states that Anglo-Israel (sometimes called British-Israel)believers,

... do not claim that the British people are the lost tribesbecause of the legends and alleged linguistic coincidenceswhich are cited in support of that view. Their starting-point is theBible, read in a fundamentalist spirit.

Mr Ashe is correct in that observation; Christians who uphold theBible as the Word of God base their belief upon it. Theirstarting-point is the Bible! But we are confident that historical proofssuch as archaeology and linguistics will also verify the scripturalrecord. For those who do not find Bible prophecies alone convincing,we present proof of language links in this study.

The author continues,

The prophets foretell various things about Israel which have notbeen fulfilled in the Jews: that Gods people will be powerful,

that they will be a nation and a company of nations, and so

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forth. Also, a few passages (notably Ezekiel ch.36 vv.15-25)certainly seem to keep up the distinction between Israel andJudah after the exile of both, and to foreshadow a final returnand reunion ... The British Israelite, or any other theorist who

thinks on these lines, feels no obligation to produce scholarlyproofs that the lost tribes exist. He already knows that they dobecause, on biblical grounds, they must. Their reality is anaxiom, not a conclusion. His non-Biblical arguments are offeredmainly as indications confirming the belief he already holds.

These are key points: The lost tribes of Israel must continue to be inexistence as a separate people somewhere, even though they havenot yet been identified; there will be a final reunion with Judah at theend of the age. Further, the Jewish people have not fulfilled all of the

prophecies given to Israel, so we must look elsewhere to find theseprophecies fulfilled. But in which people? Having answered this fromBible prophecy in a separate tract, we are now addressing it throughlinguistics, the study of languages.

However, having said this, Mr Ashe closes with a caveat,

But while a case could be made out for the Empire being Israel insome symbolic sense, the case for literal ethnic links with the losttribes could not be sustained. It was altogether too complicated ...[it] reduces the lost tribes to a theme of speculation only.

This statement is best answered by analogy. If a robbery or murderoccurred, would we accept a police explanation that, there is asolution here, but we wont try to solve it because it is altogether toocomplicated? Of course not! Where lives are at stake, a solution isnecessary. In a Spiritual sense, lives are indeed at stake, for theycan be transformed by a knowledge that the Bible is true and theprophecies fulfilled. A mystery is a subject for speculation only untilthe solution is found, and we believe that the identity of the lost

tribes of Israel is now proven, as we shall show.Since Mr Ashe believes that a solution is altogether too compli-

cated, we will simplify our answer to two basic principles of linguis-tics, the science of languages.

Linguistic PrinciplesCan established principles of language be used to identify the

ancient mysterious tribes who appear prominently in the Bible andancient history? Names of tribal units change when carried over into

other languages, making it a challenge to connect them without

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definite guidelines to determine language affinities. There are twowell-established principles in particular that enter into this discussionregarding ancient languages, both European and Middle-Eastern.One concerns consonants, and the other concerns vowels. They are,

Guttural consonants Kh, hard G, and hard C are interchangeable.

Vowels are very frequently interchanged, added, or substituted.

ConsonantsWe will examine what recognized language scholars have written

concerning these principles, and then make a practical application ofthem. First, concerning consonants, the learned 17th century linguis-tic scholar, Dr OBrien compiler of the first Irish-Keltic languagedictionary, had this to say,

It hath been observed in the remarks on the letter C that it isnaturally commutable with G, both letters being of the sameorgan and nearly of the same power; and hence, in our oldparchments, they are written indifferently for each other. ...The same indifference, or interchangeable, use of letters Gand C in the Latin tongue, and the latter being generallysubstituted in the place of the former, appears from ancientRoman inscriptions, and most particularly from that of theColumna Rostrata, erected in honour of Duillins, the Consul,

whereupon were engraved the words macistratos, leciones,pucnando, Carthaciniensis, for magistratos, legiones,pugnando, Carthaginiensis, etc. ... Which gave occasion toDiomedes to call G a new consonant.2

This interchangeability of hardconsonants was also true in ancientMesopotamia. In the AssyrianCuneiform Alphabet, the samecharacter stands for both the hard

G and Kh, as seen in the tableopposite.3A moments reflection willindicate to you that the same part ofthe mouth and throat is used tosound out all three hard consonants:hard G and hard C, and that achange of spelling is easily andlogically made from one to the other,because virtually no change in

pronunciation is involved.

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This is verified by modern Hebrew language and literaturescholar, Dr Isaac Elchanan Mozeson, who teaches language studiesat Yeshiva University in Jerusalem and states,

The Hebrew G, (Gimel) is often a K in Greek and other Western

tongues. [The Hebrew letter G] resembles a backwards K .As an example, Mozeson gives the word, colossus, which originatedas Golios, the Hebrew word for the Biblical giant, Goliath. He states,

The Greek pronunciation would sound like kol-ios - just as [theHebrew word for camel], Gamal, was rendered kamelos .5

[Note again the interchanges between the K, G, and C.]

We will be applying this interesting principle shortly in connectingseveral seemingly unrelated ancient tribes.

VowelsNineteenth-century scholar, Sir William Betham (1779-1853), was

knighted by the King of England for his research into ancient history,language, and archaeology. He had this to say concerning vowels inancient languages,

Vowels are often substituted for each other: the same wordsare written promiscuously with an a, o, and u, an e or an i.6

For example, he discussed the ancient inhabitants of western Britain,

... the Welsh, who have ever called themselves by the name ofCymri, Cimbri, or Cumbri.7

As can be easily seen, the name of this ancient tribe has beenvariously spelled with differing vowels: Y (often called apseudo-vowel), I, and U. Such variations are a good example ofthe common vowel shifts which are found in the name of this historicpeople, who we will learn more of shortly.

Another scholar of renown was Dr Richard Cumberland

(1632-1718), Anglican Bishop of England in the early 17th century.He authored several celebrated books, and was well regarded in hisday for his expertise in ancient history and languages. He wrote,

The learned will not wonder at change of vowels in a name,especially when its made by authors of different countries andtimes, because they know this is a thing very usual; yet for theservice of readers that are not much used to such changes, Iwill give proof thereof. Wherefore, I have observed, that inJeremiah ch.48 v.23, our translation calls a place in Moab,

Beth Meon, which signifies the house or temple of Meon,

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agreeably to the Hebrew text and to the Chaldee paraphrase.But the Septuagint calls it the house of Maon; and so doth thevulgar Latin. The Moabites agreed with the Egyptians in theiridolatry, who worshipped their first king and planter as a god,

under the name of Osiris. But when they speak of him as aman who first reigned among them, they call him Mean orMenes, with a Greek termination: Which word, Bochart wellobserves, signifies habitations or places to dwell in, which hebrought them to and settled them in. [Samuel Bochart(1599-1667) was a well-known Huguenot scholar].Now, by the same reason that Mean is changed into Maon,Menes must become Manes, as he is called in Herodotus andDionysius Halicarnassensis, or Manis, as this god and powerfulpotentate is called by Plutarch de Iside.8

On the subject of vowels, Dr Isaac Mozeson states,The Bible has no vowel marks in the original, hand-writtenparchment form.9

Similarly, Professor Cyrus H. Gordon, who is perhaps the leadingAmerican archaeologist of the 20th century, stated concerning aHebrew Old Testament name,

The ancient Hebrew text ... has only the consonants ... which

were later supplied with vowels to make a verbal noun of it.

10

It is true that some Semitic languages, such as Hebrew, originally

contained no written vowels at all, but only consonants, with the vowelssupplied by the reader. The drawback to this is obvious. Differentspeakers might use different vowels, creating a slightly differentpronunciation of the same words. For example, Gods name in Hebrewconsisted of the four consonantal characters, YHVH, and is thereforecalled the tetragrammaton, meaning four letters. Centuries later, ascholarly argument is raging concerning whether the name of God was

originally pronounced Yahweh, Yahvee, Yahvah, or something similar.The solution may perhaps never be known, because of the absence ofvowels in ancient written Hebrew. Indeed, it is possible that more thanone pronunciation was in use in ancient times, due to the absence ofstated vowels to guide the speaker.

Four Tribal NamesThese two principles, concerning consonants and vowels in

ancient languages, help us to identify several ancient tribal names

which are prominent in the Bible and ancient history. These are the:

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Khumri

Gimirri

Cimmerians

Gomer

These names at first glance appear to be entirely different peoples -or are they? Modern scholars now admit that at least three of themare only different forms of the same tribal name. To see that this isthe case, let us first examine the above names using our languageprinciple concerning consonants. Since the guttural consonants KH,G, and C are all interchangeable, we can rewrite these names asfollows. (Note that in the third name, we can drop the ans which issimply a Greek suffix which is added to mean people of.)

Gumri Gimirrai

Gimmeri (ans)

Gomer

This helps to make the picture clearer, but we need also to realizethat vowel shifts, or changes in the vowels used in a name, werefrequent occurrences. In addition, some ancient languages did notinclude vowels in their writing at all. Therefore, the identity of these

four can be seen most easily if written using the consonants only. Gmr

Gmrr

Gmmr

Gmr

Repetition of consonants, as seen in the second and third namesabove, was also a common occurrence. Therefore, by thegrammatical rules governing language, all four tribes must be one and

the same people. Who were they? Lets examine them one at a time.

Many Names, One People - The Khumri or GomriWhen the conquering armies of the nation of Assyria came

against the ten-tribed kingdom of the House of Israel late in the 8thcentury BC, they did not refer to Gods People as Israel or Jews.Instead, the Assyrian word for them was, Khumri. This has beenestablished through the deciphering of Assyrian cuneiform claytablets. Ancient historian, Alan Ralph Millard, in his recent book,

Treasures from Bible Times, says,

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In 1846 men working for Henry Layardon the site of the ancient Assyrian cityof Calah (Nimrud) uncovered a block ofpolished black stone, carved and

inscribed. The Black Obelisk recordsthe triumphs of the Assyrian king,Shalmaneser ... The first panel in thesecond line of pictures proved exciting.The text above the kneeling figure liststribute brought to the king from Yauason of [Khumri] that is, Jehu, who tookthe throne from a descendant of Omri,king of Israel.11

Millard reproduces the Assyrian words mentioning Israel, along witha literal translation, as shown.

Famed 19th century archaeologist, Sir Henry Layard, rediscov-ered the ancient Assyrian cities, and remarked,

An identification connected with this word Khumri or Omri isone of the most interesting instances of corroborative evidencethat can be adduced of the accuracy of the interpretations of thecuneiform character ... Sargon is called on the monuments ofKhorsabad, the conqueror of Samaria and of the circuit of Beth

Khumri, ... Samaria having been built by Omri, nothing is moreprobable than that - in accordance with a common Easterncustom - it should have been called, after its founder, BethKhumri or the house of Omri ..12

Samaria was the capital of the Ten-Tribe Israel nation. TheAssyrians named the Israelites after their King Omri, which theypronounced Khumri or Gomri. This is not surprising because theIsraelites as well, often gutturalized the pronunciation of the HebrewO by prefixing to it the sound of a G or a Kh. Hebrew scholarMozeson gives as examples,

The correct guttural pronunciation of olum [world, eternity] isreally kholum, and the city-name, Amora, is pronounced inHebrew Gomorrah.14

So the first mysterious tribe of our ancient list, the Khumri orGomri, are definitely identified by ancient inscriptions as Israelites ofthe so-called, lost ten tribes, who disappeared from history in theCaspian Sea region of Medo-Persia during the late 8th century and

early 7th century BC.

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The Gimirrai, Gomer, Cimbri, Celts, TeutonsThe Encyclopaedia Britannica states,Certain it is that in the middle of the 7th century BC, Asia Minorwas ravaged by northern nomads (Herodotus iv. 12), one body of

whom is called in Assyrian sources Gimirrai and is represented ascoming through the Caucasus. They were probably Iranianspeakers, to judge by the few proper names preserved. Thename has also been identified with the biblical son of Japheth(Genesis ch.10 vv.2-3). Later writers identified them with theCimbri of Jutland, who were probably Teutonized Celts ....

It is fascinating that the Gimirrai suddenly appeared out ofseemingly nowhere in the same century as the lost tribes of Israeldisappeared, yet no scholar ventures to investigate a link between

them. The additional mention of Iranian (i.e. Medo-Persian) words inthe Gimirrai vocabulary indicates some physical contact between theGimirrai and Medo-Persians, such as the captive Israelites mighthave been expected to have had. Historian Sharon Turner, in fact,stated that he identified 262 Medo-Persian loan-words in the Anglo-Saxon-Cimmerian vocabulary.16 Who were these mysterious people?According to scholars, the Gimirrai, Gomer, Cimbri, Teutons, andCelts are all linked together as the same people. By applying therules of language, we realize that the Gimirrai were also the same

people as the Khumri, who have been positively identified as Israel-ites of the lost ten tribes. It is therefore no coincidence that the losttribes of Israel disappeared in Medo-Persia-Iran (2 Kings ch.17 v.6),the birthplace of the Gimirrai.

The same Encyclopaedia Britannica article has this to say aboutthe people known today as Cimmerians,

An ancient people of the far north or west of Europe, firstspoken of by Homer (Odyssey, xi. 12-19), who describes themas living in perpetual darkness. Herodotus (iv. 11-13), in his

account of Scythia, regards them as the early inhabitants ofSouth Russia (after whom the Bosporus, Cimmerius and otherplaces were named).17

The same encyclopaedia reference also traces the EuropeanCymry and Celts to this same people. There seems to be noquestion in historians minds, that whoever these Cimmerians were,they were ancestors of a significant branch of the modern people ofEurope. Again, by applying the two basic linguistic rules mentionedpreviously, it may be seen that the Cimmerians were none other than

the Khumri or Gomri, the lost ten tribes.

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Who was Gomer?The eminent Christian historian and archaeologist, Dr Henry

Sayce, stated,Gomer is the Gimirra of the Assyrian inscriptions, the Kimmeri-

ans of the Greek writers.18

Many reference works associate the names Gimirrai and Cimmerianswith Gomer, connecting all three together using the very sameestablished linguistic rules we have presented. In fact, because theancient Hebrew language did not contain vowels, the presentrendering of Gomer is a later construction. Since it is now knownthat the original Assyrian word for Israel was pronounced Khumri,and the Babylonian was Gamir or Gimirrai, it is probable that theoriginal vowel-less Hebrew word was pronounced similar to these

actual forms, as well. This information is known through the readingof ancient source documents which give us an accurate view of the7th century BC world that was not possible until recent years.

The first reference tells us that the Gimirrai suddenly appeared inhistory during the reign of Sargon II, 722-705 BC. He was theAssyrian king who conquered Samaria and deported the Israelites tothe Assyrian-controlled province of Medo-Persia. It is amazing thathistorians never notice the tremendous coincidence of this. The firsthistorical notice of the existence of the Gimirrai was during the same

17 years that the Israelite-Gomri-Khumri were deported and lost tohistory in that same province!

Bible Gomer Migrated to EuropeGomer ... a people known in Assyrian inscriptions as Gamir orGimirrai. They are the Cimmerians of ancient Greek literature ...According to the Greek author Homer, the Cimmerians ...appeared in the northern provinces of the Assyrian Empire atthe time of Sargon II, during the 8th century BC. ... Poets of the

time spoke of the Cimmerian Bosporos, and the Armeniansstill call part of their country Gamir. It is thought that theCrimea bears their name to the present day.

Adventlst Bible Commentary, vol. 1, p.269

...ln Yoma iQa and Yer. Meg.i.9... stands either for Cimmerii orfor Germany.

The Jewish Encyclopaedia vol. 40

Gomer: ... Most of the interpreters take him to be the ancestorof the Celtae, and more especially of the Cimmerii.

Popular & Critical Bible Encyclopaedia. xlit726

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Gomer ... became identified with the German Cimbri and theCeltic Cymry. ... The old sound of their name is still retained inthe mouth of the inhabitants of Wales, who call themselvesCumri or Cymry, and their land Cymru.

Franz Delitzsch, quoted in Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, by John Peter Lange, xlit362

The Cimbri, as well as the Cumry or Cymry in Wales, and inBretagne [Britain], are to be regarded as in relation with theCimmerians.

Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, by John Peter Lange, 1:348

Gomer in GenesisBut the connection of Gomer or Gimirrai with ancient Israel has

been clouded by confusion over reference to them in Genesis ch.10,

the so-called register of nations. In Genesis we read,The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, andJavan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. And the sons ofGomer: Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.

Genesis ch.10 vv.2-3

A literal, racial interpretation of these verses would make Gomer(or Gimir) a son of Japheth, and not of Shem as the Israelites were.But there are at least two important reasons why this is not so. First,Japheth lived at the time of the Noahic flood, which has been dated

by Christian scholars to about 3400 BC, more than 2,500 yearsbefore King Omri, who reigned about 882 to 871 BC. As shownpreviously, the Israelites were called Khumri or Gimirri after KingOmri; clearly, the Gomer in Genesis ch.10 is ages before his time!

Secondly, Genesis ch.10 is a geographic representation ofnations, rather than racial, and is allegorical rather than literal. Webelieve in taking the Bible literally whenever possible, interpretingallegorically only when a literal explanation cannot apply, such as thecase here. It has been shown by scholars that the national relation-

ships found in Genesis ch.10 do not fit a literal, racial interpretation.For example, Dr Sayce says,

The tenth chapter of Genesis is ethnographical rather thanethnological. It does not profess to give an account of the differ-ent races of the world and to separate them one from anotheraccording to their various characteristics. It is descriptive merely,and such races of men as fell within the horizon of the writer aredescribed from the point of view of the geographer and not ofthe ethnologist. The Greeks and Medes, for example, are

grouped along with the Tibarenian and Moschian tribes because

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they all alike lived in the north; the Egyptian and the Canaaniteare similarly classed together, while the Semitic Assyrian andthe non-Semitic Elamite are both the children of Shem. We shallnever understand the chapter rightly unless we bear in mind thatits main purpose is geographical. In Hebrew, as in other Semiticlanguages, the relation between a mother-state to its colony, orof a town or country to its inhabitants, was expressed in agenealogical form. The inhabitants of Jerusalem were regardedas the daughter of Jerusalem, the people of the east were thechildren of the district to which they belonged.19

Dr Sayce points out that this is the reason the South Arabiantribe of Sheba is listed twice in Genesis ch.10, once under thedesignation of Ham in v.7, and again listed under Shem in v.28. Thetribe of Sheba originated in the south, later spreading a colony far tothe north to clash with Assyria in the days of Tiglath-Pilesar andShalmanesar.20 Sayce further remarks,

When, therefore, we are told that Canaan begat Zidon his first-born, and Heth, all that is meant is that the city of Sidon, and theHittites to whom reference is made, were alike to be found in thecountry called Canaan. It does not follow that there was anyethnological kinship between the Phoenician builders of Sidonand the prognathous [i.e. protruding-jaw] Hittites from the north.Indeed, we know from modern research that there was none.21

Sayce, in fact, reproduces Egyptian drawings of both Phoenicians andHittites, showing graphically that there was a dramatic difference in racialfeatures (and therefore origins) between these two peoples. Similarly,Assyria, Elam, and Babylonia (Arphaxad) were called brethren,

... not because the natives of them claimed descent from acommon father, but because they occupied the same quarter ofthe world.22

Ancient races portrayed on Egyptian monuments are shown on the

tablet overleaf. Clockwise from left top, are a king of the Hittites (withpigtail), Hittite soldiers, an Israelite, and a chief of Ganata or Gath,showing Phoenician- Canaanite features.23

Gomer in HoseaThe name Gomer appears again in an interesting passage in Hoseach.1 v.3. The Encyclopaedia Britannica comments on that propheticbook by saying,

The most interesting and important problem of the book relates to

the marriage of Hosea, which is closely related to the form and

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content of his message. According to ch.1, Hosea is commandedto take a harlot for his wife and children of harlotry; he thereforemarries Gomer bath Diblaim, who subsequently has three children,to whom the prophet gives symbolic names that he may make

them the texts of prophetic messages concerning Israel.

24

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PROPHETIC NAMES FOR ISRAEL

Gomer: Assyrian, Khumri or Gomri; Babylonian, Gimirrai or Gamir; Greek,Cimmerian; English/Welsh, Cymry, Cimbri, Cumbri, orCelt.

Jezreel: Scatteredinto Assyrian dispersion 762-676 BC.

Lo-Ruhamah:Not pitiedby God because their sins received a just recompense.

Lo-Ammi:Not Gods People, because they were divorced by Him and sent awayto a far land. Scholars have traced their migration through the Caucasus Mountainregion and into Europe in the early pre-Christian centuries.

Sons of the Living God: Christians Israels ultimate restoration would latercome when they accepted Christ as Saviour, becoming His Bride at the marriage

supper of the Lamb.


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In prophetic symbolism, the prophet Hosea marries an Israelite harlotnamed Gomer, (probably originally pronounced Gomri or Gimir)symbolizing the Ten Tribes of Israel, who true to the prophecybecame known as Gimirrai or Cimmerians. In Gods eyes, Israel

indeed was a harlot adulterating herself with false worship, and thefact she is purposely called Gomer shows that people to be ethnicIsraelites. The symbolism continues with their childrens names:Jezreel, (meaning scattered), Lo-Ruhamah (not pitied), andLo-Ammi (not my people). As these prophetic names show, Israelwas punished by being conquered, scattered in the Assyriandispersion, and divorced by God. Hoseas words therefore make nological prophetic sense unless Gomer and her offspring are used todepict the condition of lost and dispersed Israel and their

descendants. Hosea ch.1 v.10 is appropriate here.... in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not mypeople, [i.e. no longer recognized as Israel and perhaps blind to theirtrue identity], there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons ofthe living God.

(I.e. Christ-sons or Christians, which was an indication that aspiritual transformation in them would later occur.) History recordedthe fulfilment of that prophecy when the Celtic-Cimmerian peoplesmigrated into Europe, accepted Christianity, and became known as

Christendom, or Christs Kingdom.

Gomer in EzekielOne last important reference to Gomer needs to be mentioned,

which appears in Ezekiel ch.38. Gomer is listed as joining a confed-eracy led by ... Gog, the chief prince of Meschech and Tubal:.Gomer apparently does not lead this confederacy, nor are the otherlisted confederate nations Israelites.

In addition, one should not assume that all of the lost tribes,

Gomer/Gamir, are allied with Gog, but rather one portion only. So itis primarily a non-Israel invading force, which also includes someIsraelites. Therefore, dispensationalists who identify Gomer asEurope may be partially right at least in that identification, becausethe Celtic-Cymry race did spread throughout Europe, before coloniz-ing North America, Australia, South Africa, and other lands. BecauseGogs army invades the mountains of Israel, some assume thatGomer itself must not be Israelite. That assumption has little basis.Israelites have warred among themselves since the kingdom was

divided into Israel and Judah after the time of Solomon, about 975

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BC. Whether the battle typified in Ezekiel is literal or allegory isimpossible to predict beforehand, but that it represents to somedegree yet another fratricidal war between Israelites seems obvious.

One possible fulfilment was addressed in the old nineteenth

century prophecy, George Washingtons Vision, a prophetic visionreceived by Americas first President during the Revolutionary War. Itspeaks of a confederacy comprised of Europe, Asia, and Africacoming in battle against America,

Then my eyes beheld a fearful scene: From each of thesecountries arose thick, black clouds that were soon joined into one.

In 1898 the late Professor C.A.L. Totten of Yale University wrote,The third and last peril clearly indicates a future invasion of ourcountry by the Old World. The drift of events and Bible prophecyindicate that a great combination of powers will be the actor.25

In the prophecy, help against this peril comes in the form of divineassistance, apparently the Second Advent.

Summary: Two CertaintiesThe Encyclopaedia Britannica article previously quoted states that

it is certain that the tribe of Gomer is identified with the Celts,Teutons, and related peoples of Europe. We have found through

linguistics (the study of languages), as well as through Bible prophecyin Hosea, that the people called Gomer or Gimir are in fact Israelites.Linguistically, Israels name, Khumri, is the phonetic equivalent of theEuropean, Cymri; and Gomri/Khumri is also the consonantal equiva-lent to Gomer, Gimir, and Cimmiri. Therefore, if it is indeed a certaintythat Gomer is found in the Europeans of today, then it is an equalcertainty that those same Europeans are Israelites.

We have quoted sources that find these Cymry-Celtic people inEngland, Wales, and Germany. The Encyclopaedia Britannica further

traces them to Scandinavia, Scotland, France, Belgium, Switzerland,Spain, Italy, and Russia; in fact, they spread themselves throughout thecontinent of Europe. The Britannica also reveals that the New TestamentEpistle to the Galatians was written to them,26 in which the Apostle Paulrefers to them as ... the children of Abraham (Galatians ch.3 v.7).

It is odd that scholars so easily admit to certainty concerning therelationship between the names Gomer, Gimirrai, and Cimmeri, yetare silent concerning the name Khumri. It is never mentioned orinvestigated. Author and historian Geoffrey Ashe, mentioned earlier,

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states that it is altogether too complicated and a theme for specula-tion only. That argument is rather specious, since it never appearstoo complicated for them to positively link the other three namesGomer, Gimirrai and Cimmeri, using the same rules!

Mr Ashe also speaks of alleged linguistic coincidences whichsupport the Anglo-Israel view. But there is nothing either alleged orcoincidental about it. The information we have presented is basedupon standard, accepted grammatical rules, and the known fact thatIsrael was the Khumri of the ancient inscriptions. Since the nameGomri/Khumri is the consonantal equivalent of Gomer, Gimir, andCymri, it would indeed be a strange coincidence if they were notidentical peoples! Scholars dont consider the identity of the latterthree as coincidence, but as fact!

What does this mean to you and I who trace our roots to thissame Biblical people? It is a tremendous heritage and responsibilitythat we realize. Israel was to be Gods servant nation, and a light tothe world. Israel, too, would receive many promises, includingJacobs blessing as outlined in Genesis ch.49. The knowledge ofyour identity should inspire and invigorate you with evangelicalfervour, to make a positive difference in your world and to serve Godmore faithfully each day. The Anglo-Israel identity is now a provenfact. What you do with this knowledge is up to you. See to it that youmake your calling and election sure! ( See 2 Peter ch.1 v.10.)Footnotes:1. Geoffrey Ashe, article:Lost Tribes Of Israelin The Encyclopaedia of Myth and Magic,

pp. 1645-16462. Dr OBrien, quoted in Betham,Etruria-Celtica, 1842, vol. 1, p.593. McClintock & Strongs Encyclopaedia, vol. 2, p.6034. Dr Isaac Elchanan Mozeson, The Word. 1989, p.395. ibid. p.496. Sir William Betham,Etruria-Celtica, 1842, vol. 1, p.587. ibid., p.148. Dr Richard Cumberland, Origines Gentium Antiquissimae, or, Attempts For

Discovering the Times Of the First Planting of Nations, London, 1724, p.331

9. Mozeson, p.1010. Dr Cyrus H. Gordon, The Common Background Of Greek And Hebrew Civilizations.

W.W. Norton & Co., 1965, p.13511. Alan Ralph Millard, Treasures From Bible Times. 1985, p.3112. Sir Austen Henry Layard,Discoveries Among The Ruins Of Assyria And Babylon. G.P.

Putnam & Sons. 1853, ch.26, pp. 492-494 abridged edn pp. 612-614 unabridged edn.13. Mozeson, p.4814. ibid., p.8015.Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1957, vol. v, pp.707-816. Sharon Turner,History of the Anglo-Saxons, 1836, p.10017.Encyclopaedia Britannica, ibid., p.707

18. Dr A. H. Sayce,Races of the Old Testament1925, p.71

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19. ibid., pp.65-6620. ibid., p.6721. ibid., p.6622. ibid., pp.66-6723. ibid., frontispiece24.Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1957, vol. xi, p.78325.National Forecast Magazine, vol. xix, Oct., 195926.Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, vol. v, pp.611-614

********Which Way Did They Go?by Rev. Ken Kemble, Uvalde, Texas.

It has been asserted, by many historians over a period of severalcenturies, that the Royal House of David was transplanted to theIsles of the sea, meaning Britain. If this be true, we are faced withsome interesting questions.

Why there? Why would God move Davids Throne, an Israelitethrone, to the British Isles? What possible reason could He have fordoing such a thing? Is it even feasible? Davids descendants were torule over the House of Israel (see Jeremiah ch.33 v.17, Isaiah ch.9v.7 & Luke ch.1 vv.32-33) not the British!

But just where was Israel in the time of Jeremiah?In 2 Samuel ch.7 v.10, in the time of David (quite some years

before the time of Jeremiah), the Lord said,

... I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them,[in that place] ....

Notice the striking similarity between this passage and Jeremiahscommission to build and to plant (see Jeremiah ch.1 v.10).

The Israelites were already in Palestine when this promise wasmade, so this indicates that the place where the Lord would plant Hispeople Israel was a place other than Palestine. Another PromisedLand, if you will.

But where was this place? How would Israel get to that placefrom their home in Palestine? What would cause them to move inthe first place?

When a family relocates today, there could be a variety ofreasons. Our job may move us, health reasons may warrant achange in climate, or you may just like to travel. But back then, as a

general rule, people did not jump around like we do today. This

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