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Yamaha Features,Advantages & Benefits

IntroductionYYaammaahhaa FFeeaattuurreess,, AAddvvaannttaaggeessAAnndd BBeenneeffiittss ((FFAABB))

This is where you learn how to become a more successful YamahaPiano Salesperson.

The FAB section discusses the features that make Yamaha pianosthe best total value available. It is designed to provide both thenovice and the experienced salesperson with an explanation ofeach feature; its advantages and benefits; its specific need and away to demonstrate the feature.

Specifically, this section provides:

1. An eexxppllaannaattiioonn of problems in traditional pianoconstruction; what the ffeeaattuurree is that Yamaha created tosolve these piano construction problems; a number ofaaddvvaannttaaggeess for these features; the bbeenneeffiittss as theyrelate to your customers and ideas on hhooww ttooddeemmoonnssttrraattee these features to your customers.

2. The features in this section were chosen by Yamahasalespeople who found these to be the most importantfeatures in the selling of Yamaha pianos.

3. This information is presented only in idea form.Enhance your sales presentation by utilizing thesuggestions presented as you see fit.

Good luck and good selling!

B-3

B – Features and Benefits

ExplanationPPrreeppaarraattiioonn aanndd SSeeaassoonniinngg ooff WWoooodd

• In the United States, most pianos will be subjected to theeffects of central heating and air conditioning.

• If a piano is not properly seasoned, it will likely develop problems. For example, if the air is drier than the piano, thepiano will give up moisture and the lumber will shrink andcrack, the finish will deteriorate and the tuning stability willsuffer.

• Up to 80 percent of the weight of a freshly cut log is water.Obviously, most of this water must be removed to meet theenvironmental conditions where the final product will beused; otherwise the piano will develop cracks or failed gluejoints.

• The process of removing this water is called “seasoning”.• While each species of wood varies, the ideal Equalized

Moisture Content (EMC) in the United States, for seasonedlumber, should be in range of 6 to 8 percent.

• Discuss the effects of inadequate seasoning.• Discuss the vertical integration of Yamaha and the value of

being able to have complete control of all of the processesinvolved with seasoning.

• Mention that the curing facilities at Yamaha are unmatched inthe world.

Demonstration

B-4


Feature

Advantage

YYaammaahhaa:: SSeeaassoonneedd ffoorr DDeessttiinnaattiioonn

• All Yamaha pianos destined for the United States market areseasoned for the climate.

• “Seasoned for destination”means lowering the EMC of thewood before manufacture to match the driest condition thepiano will experience in its final destination. It does not meanthat the pianos are individually seasoned for a particular city,but for the driest condition in the entire destination (USA).

• Yamaha is an acknowledged leader in the field of woodtechnology.

• Starting with dimensional lumber,Yamaha is in completecontrol of wood processing. utilizing outside seasoning yards,computer-controlled kilns and air conditioned factories toensure that the final product will withstand the climacticconditions experienced during the pinao’s lifeteime.

• The tuning stability, finish and overall musical integrity areenhanced over the long life expected of a fine piano.

• This meticulous attention to detail creates a fine musicalinstrument that is well-seasoned to provide years of playingand listening pleasure.

• Years of use and enjoyment from a totally seasoned musicalinstrument.

• Peace of mind knowing that the piano was made specificallyfor use in the United States, thus eliminating the problemsfound in pianos not seasoned for this climate.

B-5

Benefit


Explanation

Demonstration

FFoouunnddaattiioonn ffoorr PPiiaannoo FFiinniisshh

• All finishes need a foundation. Paint has an undercoat, lacquerhas a sealer, etc.

• Other manufacturers apply polyester directly to the surface ofthe piano, without a foundation.

• Wood is a live material that constantly changes size with thechanging climate.

• Polyester is a very stable product and weather changes haveno effect on its size. Therefore, applying a stable finish to aconstantly changing surface invites trouble. When the woodchanges in response to humidity, the polyester can crack orlose adhesion with the wood.

• Yamaha supplies a sample of wood that shows the resin sheetsurfacer along with the polyester finishing procedure.

B-6


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa RReessiinn SShheeeett FFoouunnddaattiioonn

• Yamaha utilizes a special resin and wood pulp formula tocreate a sheet of material that provides a stable surface for thepolyester application.

• This resin sheet is applied directly to the wood and makes thewood under the finish virtually impervious to atmosphericchanges.

• The integrity of the polyester finish is not subjected tochanges that could otherwise take place in the wood beneaththe finish.

• Makes the polyester trouble-free.• Because the resin sheet surface is perfectly flat (wood is not

flat, even with the finest sanding), the high gloss finishesbecome mirror-like and do not show the waves andunevenness that are seen on pianos on which the polyestermaterial is applied directly to the surface of the piano.

• The wood is virtually sealed from the atmosphere to protect itfrom humidity fluctuations.

• The finish will not settle into the wood.

• Years of enjoyment of the beauty of the instrument.• Sense of security knowing the finish will stay beautiful

for years.• Protection of the investment.• High resale value.

B-7


Explanation

Demonstration

PPiiaannoo FFiinniisshheess

• Finish is needed for two reasons: to protect and to beautify.• Varnish was the early finish. It had some good qualities, but

after time it would fail and cracks would form (e.g., alligatorcracking on old upright pianos).

• Lacquer was next in the development of finishes used onpianos. It is still used for some finishes and it is still a verygood material for some types of finish.

• Polyester is the most recent material to be used on pianos. It isa product of modern chemical technology that provides thehighest degree of beauty and protection available.

• A fine piano has a quality cabinet and deserves the mostbeautiful and durable finish available.

• Show the mirror-like surface of the grand piano.• Discuss the wavy surface of other piano makers.• Discuss the permanence of polyester and its resistance to

damage of all sorts (including alcohol, cigarette burns andfingernail polish remover).

• A point of purchase model is available from Yamaha in theform of a square of wood that shows the construction, layer bylayer, of the Yamaha polyester finish.

B-8


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPoollyyeesstteerr FFiinniisshheess

• Yamaha uses only high quality polyester material, formulatedby Yamaha engineers.

• Yamaha uses polyester on all imported pianos that are eitherhigh gloss or solid color.

• Polyester finishes are also being provided in selected Yamahaproduced pianos.

• Polyurethane is used on consoles and most studios.

• Virtually indestructible, polyester protects against sun,heat, spilled liquids and most other substances that tendto destroy a piano’s finish.

• It is the only finish available for pianos that is trulypermanent.

• It is about ten times thicker and up to seven times harder thanlacquer. The extra thickness and strength of polyester not onlybeautifies and protects the wood from scratches, but also sealsthe wood to protect it from humidity fluctuation.

• The beauty of the instrument lasts for years.• Sense of security knowing the finish will stay beautiful

for years.• Protection in the investment.• High resale value.

B-9


Explanation

Demonstration

LLaaccqquueerr FFiinniisshheess

• There are only two reasons for applying finish to any piano: to protect the piano and to make it beautiful.

• With the advent of lacquer in the mid-30s, a giant stride wasmade in finishing materials. Now there was a practical, quick-drying finish that made the wood look like a million dollars.However, the early lacquers were very soft and provided onlyminimal protection, even though the quality of the appearancewas greatly improved.

• Seeing is believing.• Show the customer a Yamaha piano finished in lacquer.

(Any wood veneer satin finished grand piano).• Remember to keep the pianos clean and polished.

B-10


FeatureYYaammaahhaa FFiinniisshh TTeecchhnnoollooggyy

• Yamaha has long been a leader in the technology of finishing.

• Yamaha first acquires the best basic finish material, thenformulates it to meet the needs as specified.

• Next, the preparation of the piano, from sanding to cleaning iscarefully performed. The entire conveyer system of thefinishing line is designed, engineered and built by Yamaha.Yamaha-trained workers apply the many and various coats tocreate the luxurious finish. Hand rubbing and carefulpolishing complete the procedure.

• In short, a Yamaha lacquer finish is the best on the market. Weuse the best materials, we invest to create the best finishpossible and we pay attention to detail.

• While Yamaha polyester finishes are the ultimate forprotecting the wood underneath, lacquer can produce themost beautiful hand-rubbed wood veneer finish. By using ourown formulation, we are able to produce a very strong andbeautiful lacquer finish.

• The pride and joy of owning the most beautiful piano finish made.

• A sense of security knowing that the piano has a finish that not only beautifies, but also protects the piano.

Advantage

Benefit

B-11


Explanation

Demonstration

FFaallllbbooaarrdd

• All pianos have a cover for the keyboard that is up when thekeys are uncovered for playing. It swings (or pivots)downward to a horizontal position to cover the keys. Becauseof the construction and mounting of the key cover, it will falldown from its vertical position once it is moved the slightestamount.

• In fact, the universal name for the keyboard cover in pianos isthe fallboard.

• A falling key cover can create damage to the instrument andto any little fingers left in its way. Also, there is the terriblenoise created by the crashing fallboard. The fallboard falls atthe most inappropriate times – from having very smallchildren pull it down, to a pianist brushing against it whileturning pages.

• The simplest and most effective way to demonstrate the newSoft-Close™ fallboard is to simply move it from the verticalposition toward the horizontal by pushing the cover towardthe closed position. Let it travel most of the way by itself, withyour hand completely away from the cover. A few practicetries will show you how to get the best movement.

B-12


Feature

Advantage

Benefit

YYaammaahhaa SSoofftt--CClloossee™™ FFaallllbbooaarrdd

• Realizing the problems created by the conventional fallboardsystem, the engineers at Yamaha eliminated the pivot pins ateach end of the fallboard and replaced them with the newSoft-Close™ fixtures.*

• Each of the fixtures contain a hydraulic device that isactivated as the cover is closed. This counter-balances theweight of the fallboard and allows the cover to float downrather than fall down.

• The key cover no longer creates a danger to small childrenor the pianist.

• Peace of mind knowing that the possibility of physical harmfrom the fallboard closing has been eliminated.

• Pride of ownership of the most up-to-date engineering on aportion of the piano that has been a problem on all grands ofany make for more than 100 years.

• Satisfaction of knowing that damage to the piano caused bythe cover slamming down has been eliminated.

*Excludes GC1, GB1 and all verticals except the U Series.

B-13


Explanation

Demonstration

TToopp BBooaarrdd HHaarrddwwaarree

• Top Boards (or lids) of grand pianos represent a challenge for allpiano makers.The lids are very heavy and are fastened to the rimof the piano usually by nothing more than a couple of hinges.

• When a grand piano is moved, it is positioned on the flat sideof the rim, and the entire weight of the topboard is placed onthe hinges. Any bouncing while the piano is on the truckamplifies the problem.

• Loose hinge screws and bent hinges are a common resultfound on many pianos.

• The answer lies in the number, size and strength of the hingesalong with the possibility of using a Top Board Anchor Pin Set.

• Show the size and thickness of the hinges, the number of screws used and be sure to show the customer the need foran Anchor Pin Set.

• Show the strength and quality of the solid brass used in the Yamaha Anchor Pin Set.

• Point out that some manufacturers do not use this quality feature.

B-14


Advantage

Benefit

YYaammaahhaa SSoolliidd BBrraassss HHiinnggeess,,AAnncchhoorr PPiinn SSeett aanndd LLoocckk

• Yamaha uses heavy-duty solid brass hinges that are larger and thicker than many manufacturers’.

• In addition,Yamaha uses an Anchor Pin Set unit as a third point of fastening the top board to the rim.

• The Anchor Pin Set is also made of solid brass and is quitesubstantial.

• The size and strength of the hinges will keep the top board firmly attached and will resist deformation andloose screws.

• The use of an Anchor Pin Set increases the ability of thehinges to hold the topboard in place and thus is almost anecessity.

• All large instruments, regardless of maker, use this feature.It is used on all Yamaha grand pianos.

• Solid brass can be easily polished to a brilliant shine evenafter years and years of use.

• Strength.• Stability.• Long life.• Better resale value.

B-15

B – Features and BenefitsFeature

Explanation

Demonstration

DDuupplleexx SSccaalliinngg

• With modern audio components, tonal character can bechanged by simply turning a knob.

• Pianos were developed long before electronics, and mustproduce the sounds naturally. Early in the development ofpianos, the tone was weak and somewhat dull.

• Originally, any portion of a string not struck by the hammerwas muted by the insertion of felt strips.

• Improvement came with the advent of the duplex scale,located in the upper two octaves of the keyboard.

• Pianos can now be designed with the treble strings dividedinto three sections:1. The speaking length struck by the hammer.2. The two other sections not struck by the hammer, but

designed to be free to vibrate to enhance the upperharmonic structure of the tone.

• The difference in sound between a piano with duplex scalingand one without can be demonstrated by sounding a note inthe upper treble section.

• Then, place a finger on the front duplex area (between thetuning pin and the capo bar) on the same string, sounding the tone a second time. The second tone will be dull bycomparison.

• Point out the need for a graduated set of front duplex bridges(as opposed to one straight plate bridge) to generate thecorrect high harmonic vibrations.

B-16


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa DDuupplleexx SSccaalliinngg

• Yamaha uses all three string segments in our duplex scale design to produce the richest tone possible. The design is used in each Yamaha grand piano from the GC1 through the CFIIIS.

• Duplex Scaling utilizes all three sections of the strings.• This adds upper harmonic strength to the basic tone, the

part that was missing in early piano construction.• It makes use of those harmonics created by the two other

sections to make the sound richer, fuller and of more brilliantcharacter.

• Enhanced musical enjoyment thanks to the fuller soundcreated by duplex scaling.

• Higher resale value.

B-17


Explanation

Demonstration

PPiinnbblloocckk

• A pinblock is the part of the piano that holds the tuning pins.It must:1. Exert pressure on the tuning pin to keep it from slipping.2. Allow the tuning pin to be rotated smoothly during the

tuning process.• If the above conditions last for years and years, it is a

good pinblock.• The experience of piano makers shows that:

1. The best material for pinblock construction is a very densehardwood (e.g., rock maple).

2. The pinblock must be constructed with a minimum of threelayers of hardwood, bonded together at cross-grains to holdthe pin.

3. To hold the tuning pin tightly over the years, the block mustalso be protected from the problems caused by dailyhumidity changes and from low humidity conditionsprevalent in centrally heated homes.

• A Humid-A-Seal Pinblock™ sample is available from Yamaha.• Show the features to your customers.

B-18


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa’’ss HHuummiidd--AA--SSeeaall PPiinnbblloocckk™™

• Yamaha created the exclusive Humid-A-Seal Pinblock* to fulfillall of the requirements needed of a good pinblock.

• It uses three thick layers where most of the contact with thetuning pin is made. The top and bottom layers are multi-ply andserve as a seal to the center core of the pinblock.

• In addition, a very special glue is used.This glue is actually asheet of film impregnated with thermo-setting resin, and isplaced between all of the layers.The entire block, while underpressure, is high-frequency glued. As the resin cures, apermanent bond and a moisture barrier are created between alllayers.This seals the pinblock against humidity changes.

• The Humid-A-Seal Pinblock is found only in Yamaha pianos.

• The Yamaha Humid-A-Seal Pinblock protects against dailychanges in humidity for better tuning stability.

• The Humid-A-Seal Pinblock contributes to our reputation offine tuning stability.

• The tuning stability provided by the Humid-A-Seal Pinblockgives the owner musical enjoyment between tunings.

• Yamaha’s reputation gives owners peace of mind knowing thatthey own one of the world’s finest pianos.

• Increased resale value because of the Yamaha reputation fortuning stability.

• Lower maintenance costs.

*Excluding GC1, GB1 and all upright pianos.

B-19


Explanation

Demonstration

TTuunniinngg PPiinnss

• Tuning pins must create enough friction in the tuningpinblock to keep the pin from slipping when the tension ofthe string tries to unwind the pin.

• Obviously, the surface of the tuning pin is part of the solution.• It has been proven that a smooth tuning pin (without any

surface treatment) is notably slippery and will not hold thepin in place.

• All tuning pins must use some method that creates moresurface area.

• There are two procedures to do this:1. To use extreme pressure and roll grooves (or threads) into

the pin.2. To place each pin in a metal lathe and cut the threads

into the surface.

1. A cut-away Yamaha pinblock that contains cut-thread tuning pins.

2. A loose Yamaha cut-thread tuning pin.• You can get samples of other brands of tuning pins from

piano technicians or by ordering them from other pianomanufacturers.

• A close comparison will show the difference and thesuperior quality of the Yamaha tuning pin.

• A major item for discussion with the customer is to bringattention to the reputation Yamaha enjoys with the tuningprofession for ease of tuning and tuning stability.

B-20


Feature

Advantage

Benefit

YYaammaahhaa CCuutt--TThhrreeaadd TTuunniinngg PPiinnss

• Yamaha creates cut-thread tuning pins in Yamaha factories.• Yamaha controls the quality and precision of the entire

process.• The Yamaha tuning pin is very uniform and the lathe-cut

surface is ideal for gripping the pin block.

• The process used by Yamaha to make the cut-thread tuningpins is precise. Each pin is uniform in diameter and surfaceconsistency from end to end and from pin to pin.

• Yamaha pianos are easy to tune.• The tuning stability of Yamaha pianos is unsurpassed in the

piano industry.• Ask any piano technician which brand of piano he/she prefers

to tune.

• Enjoyment of listening to a very stable, finely tuned piano.

B-21


Explanation

Demonstration

CCaassttiinngg tthhee IIrroonn PPllaattee ((FFrraammee))

• Traditionally, the iron frames (plates) have been cast by aprocess that uses wet sand.

• An impression made in the wet sand by a pattern leaves acavity that is filled with molten iron to form the plate.

• Certain problems inherent with this method are:1. The exactness of measurements and contours of the cavity

are compromised by the crudeness of the grainy, wet sandthat attempts to duplicate the pattern.

2. Uneven cooling caused by the extreme temperaturedifferences between the molten metal and the wet sandcreate structural weakness.

3. Any decoration cast by this method looks crude andimperfect.

• Yamaha eliminated these problems by developing theVacuum Shield Mold Process (V-Pro).

• Show the smoothness of the V-Pro casting in aYamaha piano.

• Have the customer feel the smoothness.• Discuss the precision of reproducing the casting pattern.• Point out the beauty of the decoration.

B-22


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa VVaaccuuuumm SShhiieelldd MMoollddPPrroocceessss ((VV--PPrroo))

1. A mold is created by utilizing the vacuum principle to hold fine-grain dry sand firmly in place, which exactlyduplicates the pattern.

2. Molten metal is then poured into the mold. Because the sand is not wet, the metal cools evenly rather thanunevenly from outside in as is the case with wet sand.This improved cooling minimizes the problems of internalstress.

3. Decoration and surface smoothness are greatly improved.

• With the Vacuum Shield Mold Process (V-Pro),Yamaha cancast plates that are stronger.

• The V-Pro plate is visually more appealing.• The Yamaha V-Pro process ensures that the iron frame is

stronger and will thus further improve tuning stability.• It allows dimensions and shapes to be produced more

accurately than ever before.

• Owners can feel assured that they own a piano with an ironframe produced by the best technology in the industry.

• It is one that is strong, beautiful in every detail and also contributes to the finest sound of any piano.

• Increased musical pleasure between tunings.

B-23


Demonstration

ExplanationPPllaattee MMoouunnttiinngg

• Strings exert pressure on top of the bridge that is called downbearing. The correct amount of down bearing is vital toproduce good tone; too little and the strings’vibrations are nottransferred to the bridge, too much and the soundboard willnot vibrate freely. The amount of pressure on the bridgedepends on the position of the plate.

• Traditionally, plates were supported on wooden dowels.Starting with the dowels too long, the worker would estimatehow much to cut off each dowel, remove the plate, trim thedowel, replace the plate, and repeat the process until the platewas in the correct position.

• Then screws are fit through the plate holes to press the platefirmly against the wooden dowels. The pressure has atendency to compact the wood. Over a period of time thescrews need to be retightened. This results in furthercompacting and lowering of the plate position.

• Obtain a plate mounting fixture to show to the customer.• Experiment with a dental mirror placed through a hole in

the plate to show the old mounting method (competitiveproducts) compared to the new Yamaha mounting system.

• Point out:1. The accuracy of adjustment with the new system.2. The bolt locks metal to metal, thus there will be no loose

screws to tighten in the future.3. That the position is permanent.

B-24


Advantage

Benefit

FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPllaattee MMoouunnttiinngg SSyysstteemm

• The engineers at Yamaha created platforms* for the plate to siton that are made of metal, not wood.

• These platforms are on top of screw-type bases that fit into theholes in the inner rim.

• If this fixture is turned clockwise, the platform is lowered, and ifturned counter clockwise, the platform raises.

• With all of the platform fixtures in place, and the plate restingon them, the proper plate setting can be regulated by a toolplaced through the holes in the plate into the fixtures.

• Once all of the fixtures are correctly adjusted, machine bolts arefitted through the holes and tightened into the fixtures tosecure the plate.

• The ability to set the correct elevation of the plate is taken from the area of guess work and placed into the realm ofprecise regulation.

• With the new system, the machine bolt fastens the plate (made of metal) to the fixture (made of metal) and there is no wood to compress.

• The machine bolt stays tight, which is not the case withtraditional systems.

• The improvement in tone quality brought about by having thecorrect down bearing will increase listening enjoyment.

• The Yamaha Plate Mounting System of securing a metal plate toa metal fixture with metal bolts will ensure that the plate willalways remain tight, and its position will not change.1. This will increase tuning stability and maintain tonal beauty

over the years.2. It will also reduce the maintenance costs of keeping a piano

at its peak.

*Excluding the GB1 and all upright pianos.

B-25


Explanation

Demonstration

SSoouunnddbbooaarrdd MMaatteerriiaall

• Since Stradivari, instrument makers have known that spruceis the best material for the production and amplification oftone. For that reason, the soundboards of the best qualitypianos have always been made of solid spruce lumber.

• The purpose of a piano soundboard is to amplify the tonecreated by the vibrations of the tuned strings.

• Manufacturers have tried many shortcuts to reduce the cost inbuilding piano soundboards by using other materials orlaminating the board in a plywood fashion.

• All have fallen short of developing the sound that is possiblewhen using solid spruce. This is proven by the fact that thesoundboard in virtually every concert grand has been made ofsolid spruce.

• A soundboard demonstration tool is available from Yamaha.

B-26


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa SSoolliidd SSpprruuccee SSoouunnddbbooaarrddss

• At the Yamaha lumber mill and wood processing facility,the finest spruce is quarter sawn. Less than 10 percent of the total is selected and reserved for Yamaha pianosoundboards.

• Yamaha uses only solid spruce for all soundboards.

• No other species of wood is as capable or as efficientat amplifying fine quality musical sound as spruce.

• Solid spruce, rather than laminated spruce or poplar,is the choice in all fine pianos for the best tone qualityand amplification of sound.

• Musical enjoyment.• The best tone and sustain.• The customer can feel confident that the beautiful sound

of a Yamaha piano will last for a lifetime.

B-27


Explanation

Demonstration

SSoouunnddbbooaarrdd RRiibbss

• Piano soundboards are curved like the top of a violin.This curvature, or crown, must be maintained or tone qualitywill suffer.

• If a soundboard loses its crown it is only possible to properlyreconstruct it at great cost.

• While the fundamental purpose of the ribs is to helpdistribute sound vibration across the grain of the soundboard,ribs are also used to strengthen the total structure andmaintain the crown of the soundboard.

• The full length rib, and the notched liner it is glued into, areboth easily seen from the back of any Yamaha vertical piano.

• With a tilted mirror on the floor beneath a Yamaha grandpiano, the full length rib and notched inner rim can be shown.

• A soundboard demonstration model is available from Yamahathat will show in a very convincing manner the value ofproper soundboard crown and the effect on tone when thecrown is lost.

B-28


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa FFuullll--LLeennggtthh RRiibbss

• Yamaha reinforces the crown in its soundboards by using ribsthat continue to the edge of the soundboard, and are gluedinto the notched liner (or inner rim of a grand piano). Thisanchors the ribs firmly to the structure of the piano and addsstrength to the crown.

• Some piano makers use shorter ribs that do not reach to theedge of the soundboard. This leaves the perimeter of thesoundboard without support.

• The Yamaha method is more costly, but is justified by thecapability of providing greater support to the crown.

• Reinforcing the crown ensures that tone quality will remainfor years and years.

• It improves tuning stability by maintaining the crown of the soundboard even under the pressure of the strings across the bridges.

• Increases the life of the piano’s performance.

• Increased musical enjoyment over a lifetime.• Increased value.• Lower maintenance costs.

B-29


Explanation

Demonstration

SSoouunnddbbooaarrdd SShhaappee

• Historically, the most beautiful sound created is by a stringedinstrument (i.e. violin, guitar or grand piano) that has a curvedshape rather than a rectangular shape.

• Grand pianos are designed to produce the best tone possibleand the familiar curved shape is necessary to accomplish thisresult.

• This curved shape is further enhanced in some grands byadding an acoustibar to the bass corner of the soundboard(i.e. the Yamaha C6).

• In contrast, the design of vertical pianos mandates a basicrectangular shape for the soundboard.

• This rectangular shape compromises the tonal quality in mostcompetitive pianos.

• Draw the rectangular outline of a standard vertical pianosoundboard.

• Draw in the two acoustibars found on the Yamahavertical pianos.

• Draw the shape of the grand piano soundboard over thevertical drawing. (See the illustration below.)

B-30


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa AAccoouussttiibbaarr CCoonnssttrruuccttiioonn

• Yamaha has engineered a design that adds two acoustibarsto the soundboards of all of its vertical pianos.

• Viewed from the back of a Yamaha vertical piano:1. One acoustibar is placed at the top of the bass section in

the same place as the acoustibar in some grand pianos.2. The other is at the lower portion of the treble section.

This acoustibar creates the effect of the familiar curvedshape of the grand piano on each Yamaha vertical piano.(See illustration on page B-30).

• Acoustibar construction utilizes the most efficient area of the soundboard for the production of tone.

• The shape of the tone-producing portion on all Yamaha verticalpiano soundboards is similar to that found on all grand pianos.

• Enjoyment of improved piano tone in a vertical piano.• Cleaner, clearer tone.• Greater dynamic range.• Increased sustain.• Higher resale value.

B-31


Demonstration

ExplanationSSoouunnddbbooaarrdd BBrriiddggeess

• The precision with which the bridges are made is one of the major factors controlling the tone quality of a piano.

• Traditionally, the bridge was created in the piano by aworkman leaning over the edge of the piano and working on a bridge blank already fastened to the soundboard.

• Hundreds of steps have traditionally been done by hand, suchas finding the correct point to place each of the pin holes,drilling all the bridge pin holes, creating all the notches with achisel and mallet, etc.

• Since handmade bridges are made by individual workmen,some handmade bridges have the chance of being better thanothers.

• When demonstrating a grand piano, it is easy to point to the precision that can be seen inside the grand piano.

• In addition,Yamaha supplies bridge samples to showthe customer.

B-32


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPrreecciissiioonn--NNoottcchheedd aanndd PPiinnnneedd BBrriiddggeess

• Yamaha has created an automatic, computer-controlledbridge-making machine where raw material is inserted at one end and a perfect machine-made bridge emerges fromthe other end.

• All of the procedures necessary to convert a bridge blank into a bridge are done perfectly with Yamaha’s equipment and technology. Each notch is precisely cut and each bridge pin hole is drilled at the correct position, precise angle and exact depth. Coupled with the new plate mountingsystem, precise down bearing also is assured.

• Enjoyment of listening to a piano with a clear, rich,singing tone.

B-33


Demonstration

SSoouunnddbbooaarrdd CCrroowwnn

• The primary purpose of a piano soundboard is to amplify thetone created by the vibrations of the strings.

• It is impossible to create good piano tone without having theproper crown (curvature) in a soundboard.

• One method used in manufacturing is to create a crown bybending a flat sounding board over curved ribs and gluing itwhile in that position.

• A problem created by this method is the possibility ofsoundboard cracks, because the opposite side is literallystretched when it is bent, or forced, over the curved ribs.

• A soundboard demonstration model is available from Yamahathat will show in a very convincing manner the value ofproper soundboard crown and the effect on tone when crownis lost.

B-34

Explanation


Loss of crown willdramatically affect piano tone.

Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPeerrmmaanneenntt CCrroowwnn SSoouunnddbbooaarrddss

• Yamaha utilizes a process that creates a permanent crown in thesoundboard and at the same time minimizes soundboard cracking.

• The process starts by super drying the soundboard to 4.5 percentEqualized Moisture Content (EMC).

• This slightly shrinks the soundboard, and while it is smaller, it isglued to flat ribs with an EMC of 6 to 8 percent. (Some crown iscreated by the curved fixtures of the high-frequency gluing press.)

• The soundboard is glued into the piano and within the next fewdays it will retrieve the moisture removed by the super dryingprocess and match the EMC of the rest of the piano. In so doing,the soundboard tries to return to its original size, but cannotbecause of the gluing process. The effect is that the woodsoundboard material fibers press against themselves in an effort toget back to their original size and consequently create a naturalcrown in the soundboard.

• Construction that utilizes the method of bending thesoundboard over curved ribs to make the crown invites cracks by comparison with the method used by Yamaha.

• Cracks in wood develop as the wood pulls itself apart.The super drying technique used by Yamaha assures that crackingis virtually eliminated.

• Musical enjoyment.• Best tone.• Pianos can be thought of as having two lives:

1. Musical — the most important reason for purchasing a piano.2. Physical — as a beautiful piece of furniture.

• With the superior assembly methods of Yamaha, the customer can feel confident that not only will the piano last for years, but the beautiful sound will last for a lifetime.

B -35


Explanation

Demonstration

CCrreeaattiinngg QQuuaalliittyy TToonnee

• Superior piano tone is produced by the quality of thematerials, design and workmanship used in themanufacturing process.

• Vibrating energy (tone waves) traveling along the grain of apiece of wood will be lost when it reaches the end unless thatend is solidly fitted into an object to either accept the energyor reflect it.

• Paths are needed for the energy to return to the soundboard.

• Play the Yamaha piano and listen to the beautiful sound andlong sustain.

• Discuss the fact that the Yamaha tone is sought after byconcert artists, music conservatories, universities, recordingstudios and teachers.

B-36


Feature

Advantage

Benefit

CCoommpplleettee TToonnee CCoolllleeccttoorr SSyysstteemm**

• The Yamaha grand piano creates its superior tone by using aproven construction design utilizing a subtle principle ofacoustical collection and reflection.

• The Yamaha system starts under the piano with a metalconnector located between the center portion of the ironframe and the end of each of the three radiating backposts.

• It connects the iron frame directly to the backposts and acts asboth a gathering point and an area of reflection for the toneas it travels throughout the entire back structure.

• Dovetail joints provide better transfer of vibrations from thebackposts into the rim and back to the soundboard creatingthe Yamaha Complete Tone Collector System.

• The Complete Tone Collector System improves the piano’sability to create better tone and longer sustain.

• The backposts and iron frame of the piano, normally usedonly for strength, now become part of the tone productionsystem.

• The Complete Tone Collector System acts as an acousticalmirror that gathers and reflects the sound waves back towardthe soundboard. As a result, the tonal energy remains in thepiano longer for a fuller, richer and sustained sound.

• The basic structure of the piano is made stronger byconnecting the backposts to the iron frame and throughthe dovetail joints into the rim.

• Richer, fuller and sustained sound adds to the listeningpleasure for the player as well as the listener.

*Excluding the GB1.

B-37


Explanation

Demonstration

BBaacckkppoosstt ttoo tthhee RRiimm CCoonnnneeccttiioonn

• In piano construction, backposts have two functions.They provide:1. The necessary strength (with the plate) to support the

20 or so tons of tension placed on the piano by the tunedstrings.

2. Paths for the vibrations to travel in order to return to the soundboard.

• The longer these vibrations stay in the piano, the more powerand length of sustain of the piano.

• The strength of the joint that holds one end of the backpost tothe rim and its energy (vibration) interface are vital factors.The method of joining the backpost to the rim used by cost-conscious manufacturers is accomplished by gluing the flatend surface of the post to the rim and using screws or dowelsto help hold it in place. This butt joint has strength when thetwo parts are being pushed together, but has little strength tohold the two parts from pulling apart. The small amount ofcontact between the two surfaces of a butt joint allows for aminimum energy interface. This is further decreased asseparation occurs.

• A dovetail joint improves strength and, in addition, increasesthe surface area with more end grain contact to provide betterinterface for the transfer of vibrations back to the soundboard.

• Most people are aware of dovetail joints in fine furniture.• Make reference to quality furniture.• Draw an outline of a dovetail joint.• Place a mirror under the piano.

B-38


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa DDoovveettaaiill JJooiinnttss

• Yamaha uses the dovetail joint in all models of grands from theGB1 to the C7, both in acoustic and Disklavier grands. As partof the Complete Tone Collector System, each radiating backpostis fitted into the rim using the dovetail joint.

• Greatly increased strength in the basic construction of the piano.

• Better transference of vibrations between rim and posts because the contact is very solid and the contactarea is greater.

• As part of the Complete Tone Collector System, thedovetail joint helps to provide longer sustain of the toneand better resonance.

• Maintains soundboard crown.

• The owner will benefit for years and years because this uniqueconstruction contributes to a superior tone and a longer,useful life.

• The customer will know that they have the strongestconstruction design available—another sign of a fine piano.

B-39


Explanation

Demonstration

PPiiaannoo CCaasstteerrss

• Pianos are heavy, weighing more than most furniture thatdoes not have to be moved. The casters need to be rugged,yet not detract from the beauty of the piano. The wheelsshould roll easily, and the stem should swivel quickly in anydirection in order to keep from damaging carpet or floors.

• Grand pianos present a particular problem. They are theheaviest, yet they have only three casters.

• Some pianos are fitted with relatively small iron casters(sometimes with brass plating) that are not strong enough orlarge enough to properly do the job.

• Because the life of a fine piano is a long one, it deserves to beoutfitted with casters that are functional, yet appealing to theeye.

• Obtain a Yamaha grand piano caster.• After talking about the quality features found on the caster,

place the caster in the hand of the customer. Let thecustomer feel the weight, and see the finished quality.

• Point out the look of the Yamaha grand leg and castercombination, and discuss how some makers use casters ofsteel (with and without brass plating) that do not allow forsmooth and easy moving.

• You might push on the corner of a Yamaha grand to proveyour point.

B-40


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPiiaannoo CCaasstteerrss

• The Yamaha casters make moving the piano easier, and also addbeauty to its appearance.

• Larger and more massive than many other casters, the solidbrass wheels and wheel brackets of Yamaha grand casters are aswell engineered and finely finished as any other part of thepiano.

• Recent improvements in the Conservatory series include aslightly curved wheel face and improved bearing surfaces foreasier moving.

• Easier movement of the piano.• Larger casters look better in proportion and appearance with

the rest of the piano’s style.

• Appreciation of how much easier it is to move.• Less damage to floor surfaces.• Pride in the beauty of the total piano.• Peace of mind in knowing that if this much attention to detail

is given to the caster, that same attention to quality can befound in the rest of the piano.

B-41


Explanation

Demonstration

AAccttiioonn RRaaiillss

• Traditionally, all of the hundreds of parts of a piano actionhave been fastened to rails that have been made of wood.

• Because of the natural expansion and contraction of wood,piano actions change with the weather.• The screws would loosen due to the wood breathing.• Some of the problems that loose screws can cause are:

1. Loss of power, which can affect overall tone.2. Parts shifting out of alignment.3. The expense of having to frequently regulate the action.

• Use the Yamaha Action Model to show the various metalaction rails and related component parts.

B-42


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa EExxttrruuddeedd AAlluummiinnuumm AAllllooyyAAccttiioonn RRaaiillss

• Yamaha engineering developed a unique extruded aluminumalloy action rail (bearing a Yamaha patent) that is one of thegreatest innovations in the last 100 years for improving apiano action.

• All Yamaha extruded aluminum alloy action rails areimpervious to weather changes and solve the problemscaused by wood rails. The usual fluctuations in wood rails that affect touch, caused by periodic weather changes, areeliminated.

• Screws remain tight, which maintains better alignment of allaction parts.

• Allows stable, long-lasting action regulation.• The extruded aluminum alloy action rails endure during the

life of the piano.

• Years of increased playing pleasure on a stable andresponsive action.

• Less service needed to keep the piano in top playingcondition.

B-43


B-44

Explanation

Demonstration

PPiiaannoo KKeeyyffrraammeess

• In a grand piano, the keys are mounted on the keyframe.It is a structure of three rails:1. The front rail2. The balance rail3. The back rail

• The keyframe is fitted to the top of the keybed, and musttouch the keybed at all points of contact.

• If any of the three rails warp even slightly, the action is movedand the touch is affected.

• Noise also can be a problem as the force of striking a keymoves the keyframe downward from its warped position.

• A change of only a few thousandths of an inch can createproblems with the action’s performance.

• Yamaha provides a sample keyframe.• Hand it to the customer while pointing out the advantages

and features of the anti-warp keyframe.


Feature

Advantage

Benefit

YYaammaahhaa AAnnttii--WWaarrpp KKeeyyffrraammeess

• Yamaha has engineered a superior keyframe that is used in allGB1, GC1, C, S and CFIIIS model grand pianos.

• The fundamental difference between the old and the new was to create the rails by laminating strips of different types of woodtogether. In this manner, as one piece of wood tries to warp, theother pieces laminated into the construction keep it frommoving.

• The one-piece rails of the past have a tendency to warpregardless of the care that was given to the choice of material or its seasoning.

• Until recently, this superior keyframe construction was found inonly the expensive S series and CFIIIS concert grand pianos.

• The keyframe remains very stable throughout the daily and seasonal changes in the weather.

• The rails are laminated in such a way that the key pins in the front rail and the balance rail are fitted into hardwood for superior holding qualities.

• The touch of the action remains stable for a longer period of time.

• Touch remains stable.• The potential for warp-related noise is eliminated.• With stable regulation, the player can play easier and better.• More enjoyment in playing.

B-45


ExplanationKKeeyyffrraammee PPiinn,, GGuuiiddee aanndd SSttrriikkiinnggPPooiinntt AAddjjuusstteerr

• The action in a grand piano has to be free to move because ofthe need to use the left, or shift, pedal.

• At the same time, it is critical that the hammers hit the stringsat a precisely predetermined spot on the string. Piano soundis greatly influenced by where the string is struck. Even achange as small as moving the hammer 1/16th of an inch canruin the piano’s tone.

• The action is positioned by a pin (the keyframe pin) in eachside of the keyframe. These pins work in guides found in thekeyblocks.

• In most pianos, only these two pins hold the action inalignment for the strike point.

• Remove the fallboard, then remove the keyblock screw.The keyblock can then be removed to show the reinforcedkeyframe pin (on the keyframe), and the keyframe pin guide(on the keyblock). Have the customer feel the slickness of theguide. (The striking point adjuster cannot be seen unless theaction is removed from the piano).

Demonstration

B-46


FeatureYYaammaahhaa RReeiinnffoorrcceedd KKeeyyffrraammee PPiinn,,GGuuiiddee aanndd SSttrriikkiinngg PPooiinntt AAddjjuusstteerr

• Yamaha has solved the problem of aligning and securing theaction in the correct place by adding a striking point adjusterand improving the pin and guide.1. The striking point adjuster: Regulation fixtures found in the

bass and treble dags that set the strike point.2. A reinforcement for the keyframe pin: A metal plate that

fits around the pin and is screwed to the keyframe.Pressure on the pin is absorbed by the plate.

3. An improved pin guide: The pin guide is made of materialthat is permanently lubricated, fully adjustable forward andback, with a down pressure adjustment for wear.

• The striking point adjuster accurately regulates the positionand securely holds the position once it is set.

• The plate around the pin reinforces and strengthens the pinand keyframe against damage.

• The improved pin guide is made of a strong, space agematerial that is self-lubricating. It also includes a downpressure adjustment, as well.

• Listening pleasure is increased. If the striking point is correct,the tone is at its peak.

• Maintenance costs are less. The strength of the componentsand the permanence of the adjustment ensure lessmaintenance.

• Increased sense of security because of the combined strengthof all three Yamaha features listed.

Advantage

Benefit

B-47


Explanation

Demonstration

KKeeyy TTrraavveell

• The term key travel is used to describe the distance a keymoves from its point of rest to the point of being fullydepressed.

• The only part of the piano that the musician touches is the key (and pedals), and the distance it moves should be thesame from piano to piano. Otherwise the musician has tocontinually adapt to each piano played.

• The accepted standard is the distance the keys move onconcert grands.

• Vertical pianos, especially smaller models, present a problem.The depth of the cabinet dictates that the key will be short.Shorter keys must travel farther to do the job to accomplishthe work of longer keys unless all other parts of the action areengineered to make up for their size.

• Generally, piano manufacturers do not concern themselveswith building vertical pianos having the same key travel asgrand pianos because of the extra effort and cost involved.

• Therefore, many vertical pianos have non-standard key travel.• Students and advanced musicians alike suffer when playing on

a piano with a non-standard key travel.• Discuss the fact that all Yamaha piano keys travel the same

distance, whether upright or grand piano models.

• Have the customer feel the touch on various Yamaha pianos.

B-48


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa UUnniiffoorrmm KKeeyy TTrraavveell

• Yamaha designs all grand and vertical pianos to have thesame key travel.

• This conforms to the accepted industry standard that uses theconcert grand as its criteria.

• Regardless of size, type or model of a Yamaha piano, thekeyboards will always feel the same.

• The Yamaha piano owner/musician can go from playing on Yamaha vertical pianos to playing on grand pianos (and vice versa) without having to readjust his/her touch on the keyboard.

• This is especially important for the beginning student.

B-49


Explanation

Demonstration

WWeeiigghhtteedd KKeeyyss

• One of the most important prerequisites of any good piano isuniformity of touch across the entire keyboard. It is importantthat regardless of which key is played, the feeling to thepianist must be the same. (The keys should have equal downweight/pressure).

• Several characteristics of any grand piano action dictates thateach key would require a different amount of pressure to play.

• For example, the bass hammers are large and heavy, while thetreble hammers are small and light. Without providingcorrection, playing the piano would require more effort in thebass than in the treble.

• Any unevenness of touch is compensated for by balancing theaction. (This means inserting weights into the keys at theappropriate positions.)

• Show the position of the various weights on a Yamaha actionmodel.

• Talk about the importance of up weight as well as downweight.

• Have the customer feel the evenness of any Yamaha piano keyboard.

• Discuss the acceptance of the Yamaha touch by concert artists,music conservatories, universities, recording studios, teachersand students.

B-50


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa BBaallaanncceedd AAccttiioonn

• Each key of a Yamaha grand piano is individually tested and measured for the corrections needed to obtain uniformdown weight pressure.

• Yamaha goes one step further and also corrects for up weight.• The musician pushes the keys down, but the keys

alone must return to their starting position when the finger is removed.

• For example, proper execution of a trill requires uniformupward speed from both keys.

• Yamaha actions play correctly and uniformly.• This balancing helps ensure a lifetime of superior touch

and control across the entire keyboard.

• Allows the pianist to perform at maximum technicalcapability. An action that is not correctly balanced will alwaysinterfere with the technique of the pianist. This conditionbecomes more frustrating as the pianist’s technique developsand improves.

• Permits the performer a greater dynamic expression anddevelopment of technique.

• Adds to the pleasure of playing.• As stated above, the bottom line is an acceleration of the

“learning to play curve”for beginners.

B-51


Explanation

Demonstration

PPiiaannoo HHaammmmeerrss

• During the 1800s, animal hide glue was the only glue availablefor making piano hammers. This glue was not very strong as abonding agent.

• To improve the bond, manufacturers clamped the felt to thehammer wood in addition to using the hide glue.

• The clamps took the form of a loop of wire inserted into twosmall holes previously drilled through the hammer and twistedtightly on the other side.

• Later an improved T-clamp was devised. It was inserted throughone hole drilled in the hammer with the legs of the clamp bentback on the opposite side (like a cotter pin).

• As better glues were developed, the clamp was eliminated inhammer construction by most manufacturers.

• Yamaha has determined that the clamping action of the fastenerhas a beneficial effect on hammer construction by creating afirmer base to the hammer.

• In other words, even though the fastener is no longer necessaryto help the glue joint, it is still a valuable feature because itcontributes to quality tone production.

• Point to the T-clamp on any exposed Yamaha hammer.• Be sure to show both sides of the clamp and explain the

clamping action of the device.

B-52


Feature

Advantage

Benefit

YYaammaahhaa RReeiinnffoorrcceedd TT--CCllaammppeeddHHaammmmeerrss

• All 88 Yamaha piano hammers are made by Yamaha and containa T-clamp.

• This procedure securely presses the felt against the hammerwood, and at the same time, compresses the felt in that area intoa firmer base.

• This extra step of quality construction not only assures a permanentglue bond, but in the process creates a better hammer.

• Better tone is produced and voicing will last longer with theYamaha T-clamp construction.

• Better tone.• Voicing lasts longer.• More enjoyment in listening.• Higher quality of musical sound.

B-53


Explanation

Demonstration

CCeenntteerr PPiinnss

• Many of the major components in a piano action utilize actioncenter pins. This includes the jacks, the wippens, the hammershanks and parts of the damper system. Each of these partspivot on their center pins much like a hinge moves on a hingepin. It is necessary to have the fitting tight enough for theparts to do their function for a number of years withoutbecoming loose, and yet be free enough to move with greatease and speed.

• Traditional center pins create special circumstances:1. Because the center pin wears in with initial playing, it must

be very tight at the time of manufacture. This results inmost pianos having to go through a “breaking-in”process.

2. It is impossible for the manufacturer to anticipate theamount of over-tightness needed, therefore those pianosusually play rather stiffly at first, and then need attentionafter the breaking-in period.

• Another problem with the traditional center pin is that after ithas been in use for a number of years, its surface becomesrough and accelerates wear on the bushing cloth.

• Point out the various advantages of the new Yamaha centerpin over traditional pins, and how they stand up after manyhours of playing.

B-54


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa CCeenntteerr PPiinnss

• The touch of the Yamaha piano remains correct because of theaction center pin surfaces.

• The new process creates a mirror-like surface that is smoothand friction-free.

• The Yamaha plating process results in a tighter fit, less frictionand less wear.

• Yamaha pianos are ready to play and need no breaking-inperiod.

• The end result allows the action to keep that “like new”feelingfor years to come.

• The surface of a Yamaha center pin does not wear and becomerough, even after years of use.

• The Yamaha owner will enjoy a smoother, more responsiveaction from the time of purchase.

• Joy of playing is assured.• Maintenance costs are reduced.

B-55


ExplanationAAccttiioonn JJaacckkss iinn VVeerrttiiccaall PPiiaannooss

• The speed with which the jack can return to its originalposition is the determining factor that controls how fast the piano can play.

• The vertical piano action, unlike the grand, has no repetitionlever to assist the jack’s return.

• Thus, the eventual speed of repetition for a vertical piano iscontrolled by the shape of the jack itself. The top edge of thejack must be smooth and curved ever so slightly so that the jack will not “drag”as it returns to its original position. Also, thesliding surfaces must be without undue friction.

• Because of the uneven nature of wood, even with the best ofwoodworking machinery, it is impossible to make all 88 jacksexactly the same.

• After 33 years of experience and success with the A/S ResinJack,Yamaha has found that the Polyoxymethylene (POM)Resin Jack’s low coefficient of friction enhances performance.

• On the Yamaha upright action model, show the POM Resin Jack.

Demonstration

B-56


FeatureYYaammaahhaa PPoollyyooxxyymmeetthhyylleennee ((PPOOMM))RReessiinn JJaacckk

• Yamaha found that the best way to create the perfect jack is bythe injection mold process.

• After testing many materials, POM resin was chosen as thespecial material for the jacks.

• POM has a low coefficient of friction—superior to graphite.• Jacks made of wood required graphite glued in place, and the

speed of repetition slows down as the graphite wears off.• POM resin does not need graphite.

• The Yamaha vertical piano repetition is faster because of thePOM Resin Jack.

• The POM Resin Jack was introduced into Yamaha uprightpianos in 1998.

• Musicians can enjoy a smooth, responsive action for years oftrouble-free playing enjoyment.

• Yamaha vertical piano owners can be assured of having thefastest repetition available in any vertical piano, regardless ofmake or price.

• Accelerates learning to play the piano.

Advantage

Benefit

B-57


B-58

Explanation

Demonstration

KKeeyy MMaatteerriiaall

• Piano keys must be made of a material that is strong enoughto withstand the hardest blow.

• Piano keys must be light enough to change direction rapidlyfrom being depressed to returning to a normal position. Forexample, if the material used was steel, there would be morethan adequate strength, but the weight would be so heavythat repetition would be ruined. Balsa wood would beexcellent as far as lightness is concerned, but would break onthe first hard blow.

• Many companies use sugar pine or basswood for key materialsas the best compromise between cost and function.

• Show the spruce key found on all Yamaha pianos by use of theYamaha Action Model.


B-59

Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa SSpprruuccee KKeeyyss

• Yamaha uses spruce for all of its keys. Spruce is very light andpossesses a very high ratio of strength to weight. This is thereason it was used in construction of aircraft. It is ideal for keyconstruction, even though its cost is greater than either sugarpine or basswood.

• Yamaha keyboards respond quickly—providing fast repetitionfor the most intricate piece of music.

• Yamaha keyboards withstand heavy use over years offortissimo passages.

• The added enjoyment of a responsive keyboard.• Peace of mind that the keys will last a lifetime.• Pride in ownership of an instrument renowned for its

responsive action.• Increased resale value.• Durability for the life of the piano.• Lower maintenance costs.


Explanation

Demonstration

KKeeyy BBuuttttoonnss

• Each key in the piano is an independent unit, held in positionby a key button. The key button consists of a piece of wood, inthe center of which is a rectangular hole. The two sides of therectangular hole are lined with felt called bushing cloth.

• To keep the key from wobbling from side to side as it is beingplayed, the size of the space between the two pieces ofbushing cloth must be just larger than the diameter of thebalance rail pin.

• Traditionally, the button is made of a soft wood, like sugarpine or basswood. As the piano is played, (for example duringa glissando passage where the musician’s fingers slide alongthe keyboard), the side pressure that the keys exert against thebalance rail pins compresses the soft wood behind thebushing cloth. The holes in the key buttons become larger,and the keys begin to feel wobbly, sloppy and worn out to themusician.

• If the piano action is exposed, have the customer try to make adepression with his/her thumbnail in the key button aftersuccessfully accomplishing the same feat in the soft wood ofthe key.

• Use the action model if the piano action is not exposed.

B-60


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa HHaarrddwwoooodd KKeeyy BBuuttttoonnss

• Yamaha uses expensive hardwood for each and every keybutton on all piano models.

• Yamaha key buttons resist compression, thus maintaining thecorrect fitting for years.

• Yamaha keys feel like new even after years of service.• Less key flex at the fulcrum (at the balance rail).

• A more stable feel of the keyboard.• Years of trouble-free playing enjoyment.• The fun of playing a piano that feels good.• Pride in ownership of an instrument with this kind

of quality.• Increased resale value.

B-61


Explanation

Demonstration

KKeeyy CCoovveerr MMaatteerriiaallss

• It is an indisputable fact that many musicians prefer the touchof real ivory to that of the plastic keytops found on most oftoday’s pianos.

• Ivory combines a prestigious image with unique performancecharacteristics still cherished by most professional artists. It hasthe right degree of moisture absorption, friction and hardnesscharacteristics to give the piano its incomparable touch.

• Aside from the environmental impact connected withthe use of ivory, it has some inherent shortcomings.

• It is brittle and easily damaged; it discolors and crackswith age and when subjected to an extreme temperaturevariation. And it is expensive to replace when damaged.

• After presenting this information, have the customer feel thekeyboard of a C series or larger (with Ivorite™) and a GB1 orGC1 series grand (with acrylic resin).

B-62


Benefit

Advantage

FeatureYYaammaahhaa IIvvoorriittee™™ KKeeyyss

• After more than 20 years of laboratory research,Yamahadeveloped a new white key covering called Ivorite.

• Ivorite is installed in all C1 through C7 Series, S4, S6 and CFIIIS Grands.

• Ivorite has the same performance characteristics as real ivory, such as moisture absorption, non-slip resistanceand hardness.

• In addition, it offers greater durability over the years.• Ivorite-covered keys visually present the traditional image and

touch of real ivory.

• The customer will enjoy years of additional playing pleasurewith the traditional look and feel of ivory, without thedrawbacks normally found in ivory.

• Owning a piano with Ivorite keys provides enjoyment,prestige and image.

• Increased resale value.

B-63


ExplanationMMuufffflleerr PPeeddaall ((PPrraaccttiiccee FFuunnccttiioonn))

• There are times when a piano is too loud, even if played verysoftly. Practice time is a good example, when repetitiousplaying is not acceptable while other activities are occurring in the home.

• Normally a piano is not able to play soft enough to fulfillthese situations.

• Become an actor and perform a little skit for the customer.Start by reminding the customer about the usual promiseelicited from the child that “they will practice every night”ifthe piano is bought.

• Play some Hanon exercises as though Johnny was practicingat home. As you play, mention this happens to be the sametime Mom is on the phone and Dad is watching MondayNight Football. Build the volume of your playing, and thevolume of your story to a high level. Stop playing, and in aquiet voice say,“With a Yamaha piano, Johnny can press downthe middle pedal and a piece of felt will be lowered betweenthe hammers and the strings and tranquility will return to thehousehold.”Resume playing to demonstrate the effect of themuffler pedal on your performance.

Demonstration

B-64


FeatureYYaammaahhaa MMuufffflleerr PPeeddaall FFuunnccttiioonn• The middle pedal on most Yamaha vertical piano models*

lowers a piece of felt between the hammers and the strings.When practicing, the hammers strike the felt, and the volume of the sound is lowered without altering the touch of the piano.

• This is especially useful when a student is practicing and doesnot wish to disturb other family members.

• Piano playing and other household activities can occursimultaneously.

• Everybody in the family can continue with their own activitiesas the pianist practices.

• Peace of mind knowing that others are not being disturbed.• The student’s musical progress will not be hampered because

of inconsistent practice times.

* M460, M560, P660, T118, T121, UI, U3,YUS1,YUS3, andYUS5. The YUS5 mute function is activated with a hand lever.The middle pedal is a sostenuto pedal. On P22s the middlepedal is bass sustain.

Advantage

Benefit

B-65


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