SOLARRESERVE®

BASELOAD SOLAR POwERImproving Mining Economics with Predictable Energy Costs

UNDERSTANDING THE POwER REQUIREMENTS OF THE MINING INDUSTRY

Mining operations, particularly those operating off-grid, have a unique set of requirements for power supply. SolarReserve has developed a suite of solutions for the mining industry with those requirements in mind, delivering significant savings and predictable energy costs to mining operations around the globe that are cost competitive with conventional energy sources.

Reliable 24/7 Baseload SupplyMines operate 24 hours a day, practically every day of the year. Mining operators expect full reliability and availability from their power systems, with very low tolerance for outages or shortfalls. Most mines operate at a 70% to 90% annual load factor relative to their peak load, but peak loads can occur at any time of day in any season. Due to their inherent variability, most renewable technologies, like photovoltaic panels (PV) and wind, can only address a small fraction of the mine’s energy needs, and are not reliable enough for off-grid power. However, by using fully integrated molten salt storage, SolarReserve offers Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) solutions that are as reliable and available as conven-tional technologies, but fueled by the sun.

Energy SecurityAn off-grid mine has no backup from a utility trans-mission system; so there are no capabilities to obtain reserve power, system inertia, voltage support, or other grid services. The mine’s power source must supply all of these attributes itself. The nearest transmission line or natural gas pipeline may be hundreds of kilometers away. Even when a transmission grid exists nearby, it may be too fragile and unreliable. SolarReserve’s power plants, with the right combination of solar energy storage and steam generation, can operate in isolation and provide all of these services seamlessly through dedicated supply to the mine, and with minimum reliance on fuels like diesel or natural gas.

Fuel AbatementSupplying diesel to a remote mine can be a veryexpensive proposition since it is typically trucked to amine over long distances. Natural gas supply can alsobe very expensive, given the cost of building pipelinesto remote areas. Energy supply is typically around 25%of a mine’s operating costs and fossil fuel based,which increases the risks from carbon tax regulations,environmental permitting, and fuel price volatility.

Solar energy can significantly reduce cost and reduce risk. Integrating storage for a fully baseload solar supply will eliminate fuel risk while still reducing costs, improv-ing competitiveness, and enhancing sustainability.

Lower Energy Costs while Focusing on MineralsMining companies are focused on the resources. The changing landscape around carbon emissions and renewable energy creates challenges that are best managed by working with an experienced partner. That’s why SolarReserve offers complete turnkey solutions for energy supply, so that our customers can focus on their core business activities.

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REAL SOLUTIONS FOR MINING COMPANIES

SolarReserve offers mining companies the most reliable baseload solar generation on the planet, enabled by our industry leading CSP and molten salt storage technology.

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Solar Solutions for Predictable, Cost Effective Power SolarReserve’s products minimize fuel use and thereby reduce exposure to volatile fuel prices. The degree of fuel abatement varies based on the size and scope of the solution: a smaller solar project can offset a portion of fuel consumption, while a larger project can fully replace conventional power infrastructure, eliminating the need for the mine to build its own fuel supply, power plant or transmission line.

The Complete Power Supply Package, Customized SolarReserve offers an end-to-end energy supply solu-tion, which includes suitability assessment, technology configuration, permitting support, finance and EPC management, and ongoing power plant operations or operational support. The energy supply agreement can be structured such that all technologies are integrated behind the fence at SolarReserve’s facility, or SolarReserve can transfer control of the assets to the mine operator. In either case, the mine will enjoy a guaranteed fixed price of energy for the life of the project.

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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) with Integrated Molten Salt Energy StorageSolarReserve holds the world’s leading, patented, and most advanced large-scale solar thermal technology available today. Our molten salt tower receiver with integrated thermal energy storage leads the CSP industry in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost.

SolarReserve can seamlessly integrate CSP, photovol-taic panels (PV), and fossil fuel. These components are fully integrated within SolarReserve’s facility, such that the mine would only see the consistent and responsive power supply to suit its needs. Thus SolarReserve offers fully reliable power on par with traditional generation, but sustainable, and at a lower cost.

SPECIFIC SOLUTIONS FOR MINES

SolarReserve configures custom solutions based on the generating capacity, load factor, solar resource, level of fuel reduction, grid power availability, and degree of power infrastructure replacement desired.

CSP: M-Class and S-Class Solutions

Integrated Hybrid Power Plants

Solution Set

SolarReserve’s disruptive CSP technology delivers a cost-effective, reliable and most importantly, a non- intermittent baseload (24x7) supply of electricity that is critical to mining operations. End-to-end system solu-tions from tens to hundreds of megawatts are available for both on and off grid mines, with the ability to operate at a high capacity factor and availability percentage equal to that of a fossil fired power plant.

M-CLASSSolarReserve’s M-Class is configured specifically for smaller off-grid mines in remote locations. The M-Class offers a half cylindrical receiver with a 180° heliostat field (north of the tower in the northern hemisphere, south of the tower in the southern hemisphere.) The M-Class is also faster to construct than the S-Class and due to the field geometry is more easily integrated with convention-al power generation. Typical M-Class projects deliver 200-400 GWh per year at 20-50 MW of capacity depending on the configuration.

S-CLASSSolarReserve’s S-Class is the company’s traditional configuration, as deployed at the Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Plant in Nevada, USA. The S-Class is character-ized by a cylindrical receiver and 360° heliostat field. It is the largest and most cost-effective CSP configuration with molten salt storage commercially available today. S-Class projects typically deliver 500-700 GWh per year at a capacity of 50-200 MW depending on the configuration.

FuLL RELIABILITy THRougH FuEL InTEgRATIonSolarReserve’s CSP technology with solar energy storage can typically offer a capacity factor of 80%-90% from so-lar energy alone, depending on the strength and consis-tency of the sunlight. For full 100% availability in off-grid scenarios, a relatively small amount of fossil fuel can be used on cloudy days. The most cost-effective fuel integra-tion strategy usually involves burning fuel (typically diesel) to heat the salt; which still results in a dramatic reduction in fuel use, but also allows the CSP plant’s steam turbine to run at full capacity on fossil fuel if needed. Alternatively, depending on the duty cycle, auxiliary boilers or recip-rocating engines can be incorporated economically. An in-depth model of the mine’s load factor can demonstrate which technology solution is optimal and what fuel quantity is used in this application. PV SoLAR PoWER FoR FuEL ABATEMEnTFor smaller mines, SolarReserve offers PV to be inte-grated into the existing infrastructure (typically diesel-fired reciprocating engines) in order to reduce operating costs and CO2 emissions as well as dependence on diesel fuel. SolarReserve can provide the control system, any required energy storage, EPC management, and per-formance guarantees necessary to seamlessly integrate the PV operations into the mine’s energy management system, reducing fuel use during the daytime. We can guarantee permanent system stability and ensure smooth control of the electricity generation.

Both S-Class and M-Class CSP designs offer fully integrated molten salt storage. All of SolarReserve’s CSP projects are also capable of providing a mine with process heat or steam in addition to power generation.

CSP: M-Class and S-Class Solutions

Integrated Hybrid Power Plants

50-200 MW CSP S-Class Configuration 20-50 MW CSP M-Class Configuration

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SolarReserve is the leader in commercially proven and financeable molten salt power tower systems.

CSP + PV + Fuel Configuration delivers capacity factor of up to 100%

CSP + PV Configuration delivers capacity factor of up to 90%

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Supplemental dual fuel heaters with smart dispatch to add heat to molten salt during times of low solar resources

Hot molten salt provides the steady source of fuel and basis for controllable power generation 24/7

Steam turbine generator systems to provide stable and efficient electrical output

PV system provides low-cost daytime generation

Highly reliable power output capable of fully base-loaded operations

Hybrid Solutions

Experience and Capabilities SolarReserve is a leading global developer of large-scale solar power projects and advanced solar thermal technology, with $500 million of projects in operation and $1.3 billion of projects in construction around the world. A seasoned management team is the driving force behind SolarReserve’s success. Our executives have built more than 15,000 MW and financed more than $15 billion in energy projects around the world, from within organizations including GE, Bechtel, AECOM, Moser Baer, Invenergy, Rolls-Royce, Enron and Rocketdyne, among others. At SolarReserve, our team has assem-bled an extensive 5,000 MW worldwide development portfolio of large-scale solar projects including both CSP and PV technology. SolarReserve maintains valuable relationships with equipment suppliers, construction companies, and financial institutions capable of deliver-ing successful projects anywhere in the world.

PARTNERING wITH SOLARRESERVE

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Flexible Financing Structure and Scope SolarReserve has a proven ability to create value by structuring financing and ownership to meet our client’s needs. We offer power purchase agreements to mini-mize their upfront investment, or asset sale and transfer agreements to put the control in their hands. We also participate as an equity partner for shared ownership of a renewable energy facility.

Our track record includes successfully developing new technologies and deploying solar energy systems in new markets. SolarReserve has successfully commercialized the leading technology that efficiently stores solar energy; our 110 MW Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Plant in Nevada is the world’s first utility-scale molten salt power tower.

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LESEDI SoLAR PoWER PRoJECTLocation: Kimberley, South AfricaSize: 75 MWElectricity Production: More than 150,000 MW-hours annuallyPower Purchaser: 20-year power sales agreement with Eskom

CRESCEnT DunES SoLAR EnERgy PRoJECTLocation: Nevada, USASize: 110 MWStorage: 10 hours full load storageElectricity Production: More than 500,000 MW-hours annuallyPower Purchaser: 25-year power sales agreement with NV Energy

DEMONSTRATED TRACk RECORD

LETSATSI SoLAR PoWER PRoJECTLocation: Bloemfontein, South AfricaSize: 75 MWElectricity Production: More than 150,000 MW-hours annuallyPower Purchaser: 20-year power sales agreement with Eskom

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JASPER SoLAR PoWER PRoJECTLocation: Kimberley, South AfricaSize: 96 MWElectricity Production: More than 180,000 MW-hours annuallyPower Purchaser: 20-year power sales agreement with Eskom

In addition to the company’s flagship CSP project in the U.S., the SolarReserve team is adept at developing large scale projects internationally including three PV projects totaling 246 MW-DC of generation capacity in South Africa: the Lesedi, Letsatsi and Jasper Projects.

SolarReserve also has projects in various stages of development in other markets including the Middle East, South America, Africa, Australia, China, India, and Central America.

SOLARRESERVE®

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CONTACT US

For more information, contact mining@solarreserve.com

Corporate Headquarters2425 Olympic Blvd. Suite 500 East Santa Monica, CA 90404Phone: +1.310.315.2200 Toll-Free: +1.866.622.2778 Fax: +1.310.315.2201info@solarreserve.com

European OfficeC/Fernando el Santo, 17 Madrid, Spain 28010Phone: +34 913514945

South African OfficeOffice 11C, 11th Floor, SinoSteel Plaza159 Rivonia RdSandton, GautengSouth Africa2196Phone: +27 11 582 6880 Fax: +27 11 7847549

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