~,b.?~ .'0.. · january 1963 table of contents 37:5 krimbas, c. b. drosophila species in...
TRANSCRIPT
(j-~,B.?~ .'0..-~
DROSOPHILA INFORMTION SERVICE
Number 37
January 1963
(Issued in 1, 000 Copies)
37:2
Quotabili tyof Notes . . . .Editor's Comments ......D. melanogaster 'stock lists
Table of Contents
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United statesAmes, Iowa . . . . 34: 9Amerst, Mass. . . 37:21Austin, Texas . . . . . . 35: 6Baltimore, Md. . . . . . . . 36: 9Berkeley, Calif. . . . . . . 37: 21Buffalo, N. Y. . . . . . . . . 35: 8Chapel Hill, N.C.. . . . 37:22Chicago, nl... . . . . . 37:23Cleveland, Ohio . . . 37: 24Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.. . . . .37:25De Kalb, nl.. . . . . . . .. 37: 26Detroit, Mich. . . . . . . 37: 26Duarté, Calif. . . . . . . . . . . 37: 26-East Lansing, Mich.. . . . 34: 12Gainesville, Fla. . . 34: 13Lafayette, Ind.. . . . . . . 35: 11Lawrence, Kansas . . . 35: 11Le Mars, Iowa . . . 36: 12Lexington, Ky. . . . . . . . . 35: 11Lincoln, Neb.. ~ . . . . . .. 37: 26Los Angeles, Calif.. . . 34: 14Minneapolis, Minn. . . . 35: 11New Brunswick, N. J. . . . 37: 27New Haven, Conn. . . . . . . 36: 12New York, N. Y... ....... 34:26Normn, Okla.. . . . 34: 15Oak Ridge, Tenn. . . . . . . . 35: 11Oxord, Ohio . . . . 37: 27Pasadena, Calif. . 37: -9Philadelphia, Pa.. . . . 35: 17Pi ttsburgh, Pa.. . 37: 28Salt Lake City, Ut., Genetics. . . 36:14Sal t Lake City, Ut., Surgery . . . 34: 26
Syacuse, N. Y.. . . 35: 32Tucson, Ariz.. . .. . . . . . 35:32University Park, Pa. . . . . . 34:27Urbana, ILL., Genetics 34: 27Urbana, ILL., Psychológy 36: 14
'ForeignArgentinaAustraliaAdelaideBrisbaneHobart . . . .MelbourneSydney
Austria . . . . . . . . . .BelgiumBrazilCuritiba.Pôrto Alegresão Paulo . . . . . . . .
CanadaToronto, Onto .Vancouver, B. C.
ChileColumbia. . .
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DenmrkFinlandFranceGif-sur-YvetteLyon (Rhône)Strasbourg
GermnyBerlin-Buch .Berlin-Dahlem .Göttingen . .Hamburg. . .HeidelbergKarlsruhe. .Marburg KahnMariensee . . . .Münster/Westf.. .TübingenGhana ... .Grea t BritainBayforobury .Birmingham . . . .Cambridge . . .. . .Edinburgh . . . . . .Glasgow. . . . . . .Harwell, BerksKeele . . . .Leicester. .LondonManchesterSheffield.
Greece . .
IndiaCalcuttaCalcuttaHyderabad .New Delhi.
Israel . .ItalyMilanoNaplesPavia.. .Roma
JapanAnzyo, AichiChiba-shiHiroshimaKyoto.MisimaMitako, TokyoOsaka . .Sapporo.Tokyo.
KoreaKongjuKwangju .Seoul, Chungang U..Seoul, National U.. . . . .Seoul, Sung Kyun-Kwan U..Seoul, Yonsli U... ... . .
NetherlandsGroningen . .
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Leiden . . . . ¡. . . . .UtrechtNew ZealandNorway . . . . . . . . .Spain. . . .SOlith AfricaJohannes burg .
Pretoria .SwedenStockholmUppsala
Uni ted Arab RepublicNew Mutants. Reports of:A. B. Burdick . . . . . .W. W. Doane . . . . . .W. Edwards & J. GardnerE. Ehrlich . . . . . . .I. Faulhaber .. .. . .P. E. Hildreth .B. Hochman . . . . . . . . . .K. K. Kidd . . . . . . . . . .R. C. King & P. A. Smith.G. Lefevre . . . . . . . .J. D. McCloskey . . . . .H. U. MeyerE. Novitski . . _. . . . . .O. S. Reddi . . . . . . . .M. B. SeigerT. R. F. Wright . . . .M . WhittinghillLinkage Data. Report of:R. Abbadessa & A. B. Burdick. . . 37:53
Other Drosophila Species Stock ListsUni ted StatesAmes, Iowa . . . 34: 56Amerst, Mass. . 37: 54Baltimore, Md. . 36:42Chicago, Ill. . 37: 54Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. . . 37: 55Dayton, O. . . . . . . . . . 34: 57DeKalb, nl. . . . . . . . . 37: 55Lexington, Ky. . . 34: 57Lincoln, Neb. .,. . . . 37:55Los Angeles, Calif. . 36:42New Haven, Conn. .... . . 36:43New York, N. Y. . . . . 37:55Oxford, O. . . . . . . 37:57Pasadena, Calif.. . . . 34: 59
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Philadelphia, Pa.Pittsburgh, Fa. . . . . .Raleigh, N. C. .Richmond, Va.Rochester, N. Y. . . . . .St. Louis, Mo.Tucson, Ariz. ....
ForeignAustraliaMelbourneSydney
AustriaBelgiumBrazilPôrto Alegre . . . . . .são PauloCanada . . . . . . . . . .ChiliColombia.FinlandFrance.GermanyBerlin-Buch .Berlin-DahlemMarburg . . . .Tübingen
Grea t BritainBayfordbury, HertsEdinburghLondonSheffield.
Greece.IndiaIsraelItalyJapanAnzyo, AichiMisimaOsaka . .
Sapporo .Tokyo. .
KoreaNetherlandsSouth Africa .Spain
New Mutants. Reports of:M. LevitanJ. I. Towsend .. . . . .
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Research NotesAuerbach, C. Mosaicism for recessive sex-linked lethals after treatment of
spermatozoa with chloro-ethyl methanesulphonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 64Barigozzi, D. & A. M. Kravina Injection of cellfree extract of tumorous
flies into tumorless ones, as cause of transmission of melanotic tumorsthrough both gametes. .......................... 37: 64
Bodenstein, D. & R. C. King Autonomy of fu and fes ovarian imlants. . .. . 37:65Brink, N. G. The effect of potassium cyanide on the mutagenic activity ofheliotrine. ............................... 37: 65
Burnet, B. & J. H. Sang The effects of dietary manipulations on the pene-trance and expressi vi ty of eyeless. ................... 37: 66
Carlson, E. A. The distribution of sex-linked lethals induced by ICR 100in sperr tozoa. ............................... 37: 66
Chandley, A. C. & A. J. Bateman The effects of X-rays on crossing-over.Counce, S. J. Polysperm in Drosophila: a reëxamination. .......Clark, A. M. & E. G. Clark X-ray induced non-disjunction of the X chromo-somes in females. .........................
Come, T. V. & D. J. Nash Effects of selection expressed at differenttempera tures. ........................... . 37: 70
Counce, S. J. Fate of sperm tails within the egg. . . . . . . . . 37:71de Mazar Barnett, B. K. Sex-linked recessive lethals induced by thio tepain males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .de Mazar Barnett, B. K. Induction of mutations by nit romin and thio tepa
in oöcytes. .......... . . . . . . . . ..... . .di Pasquale, A. & L. Zambruni The manifestation of the genotype bsp/bsp
caused in the females by copulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37:73Doane, W. W. Carbohydrate content of adipose females. ...... . 37:73Ehrlich, E. A method for obtaining only lethal larvae in quantity. . . . . . 37:75Falk, R. Interaction between scute and hairy. .... 37: 75Frost, J. White deficiencies. .................. 37:75Frost, J. Primary nondisjunction and crossing over. . . . . . 37: 76Frye, S. H. Structure of "yellow" mutations induced by a X-ray dose of 500r
of scute-8 chromosomes of mature sperm. . . . . . . . . . . . 37:76Fujita, Y. & Y. Nakao A test of mutagenicity and chromosome breaking
ability at 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (injection experiment). .......Gersh, E. S. T(X;4)20G1 and the white locus. . . . . . ) . . . . . .Gersh, E. S. Variegation at the white locus in In(1)rst. ......Giavelli, S., E. Gallucci, L. V. Pozzi & G. P. Sironi Preliminary results
on the mechanism of the oxygen effect in X-ray induced mutations. .... 37:81Gibson, J. B. & J. M. Thoday Maternal inheritance of a sternopleural chaeta
number diff erenc e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Green, M. M. Hairy mutants and sensilla campaniforma. . . . . .Gregg. T. G. & J. Day Retention of mature oocytes in virgins.Griffen, A. B. Correction of a statement. ....... . . . . .Halfer, C. Different compatibility between stocks tested by means of ovary
transplanta tion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hansen, A. M.-& E. J. Garæner Ovaries of third instar larvae autonomous for
maternal effect. . . '. . . . . . . . . . G . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hartman, A. B. Study of the causal factors for the decreased frequency of
copulation in eyeless flies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hawkes, N. R. & E. J. Gardner Genes for eye abnormlity segregating in wild-
type laboratory stocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37:86Herskowtz, I. H. & I. L. Norton Arrangement of chromosomes in mature
spenn (1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Herskowitz, I. H., Mother Stanislaus Lacy, & R. C. Baumiller, S. J.
Arrangement of chromosomes in mature sperm. (2). . . . . . . .Hildreth, P. E. & J. C. Lucchesi Frequency of disperm. .....Hinton, C. W. Failure of carbon dioxide to alter crossing over. ....HintoRa C. W. & W. McEarchern Additional observations on the behavior ofca ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 90Hiroyoshi, T., S. Hiraga, M. Tsukamoto & H. Kikkawa, Consideration on the
homology between Drosophila and the housefly mutants. ......Hunter, A. S. & N. de Cediel Krebs cycle enzymes. .........Jacobs, M. E. & K. K. Brubaker Beta-alanine utilization in ebony and non-ebony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u. . 37:91Kaplan, W. D. & H. D. Gugler Induction of dominant lethals by tritiated thy-mi-dine. ................................. 37:92
Kaplan, W. D., V. Tinderholt, H.D. Gugler & K. K. Kidd A non-random distri-bution of sex-linked recessive lethals induced by tritiated thymidine. . . 37:92
Kikkawa, H. Agar-geL electrophoretic studies on anylase. . . . . . . . . 37:94King, R. C. Re-evaluation of the damage to the ovary caused by thermal
neutrons. .......... '. . . . . . ..59 . . . . . . 37: 94King, R. C. & P. A. Smith Ovarian tumors in fu . .......... 37': 95
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January 1963 Table of Contents 37:5
Krimbas, C. B. Drosophila species in Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 95Krimbas, C. B. Inversion polymorphism in natural populations of D. subobscura
in Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lakovaara, S. T. On the functions of rl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lee, T. J. Genetic analysis of the polymorphism of color pattern in D. aurariaLefevre, G. & D. M. Parker Male fertility as a function of the number of
females available for mating. .................Lefevre, G. & U.-B. Jonsson Maternally inherited male sterility. . . . .Levi tan, M. A mysterious chromosome breakage factor. . . . . . . . . . .Lewis, H. W. & H. S. Lewis Effect of PTC on viability of Drosophila with high
and low tyrosinase activity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 99Lucchesi, J. C. Absence of recombination between two marked Y-chromosomes in
37: 9537: 9637: 97-
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females. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 100Luce, W. M. The results of injection of lactamide into larvae ~pon facetnumber in Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 37: 101
. 37:101McSheehy, T. W. Mating frequency. ........Makino, S., E. Momma, K. I. Wakahama, A. Kaneko, T. Tokuitsu & T. Shima
Drosophilidae in four localities of Hokkaido. .... . 37: 103Mather, W. B. Notes on the inversions of D. rubida. .... . 37: 104Merriam, J. R. Studies on the basis of non-disjunction. . 37: 105Meyer, H. U., J. Hall & S. Thomas Crossover tests of mutant second chromosomes
from X-rayed gonial cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 105Milkman, R. Selection in wild and in X-irradiated isogenic D. m. . . . . . . . 37: 106Miller, D. D. Some recent collection records of D. affinis subgroup species
in the southeastern states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 106Mittler, S~ & A. Hampel Protection against X-ray induced sex linked recessive
i'ethals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37: 107Miyoshi, Y. Difference in the larval metabolism of sodium chloride between
NaCl-resistant strain and the susceptible strain. ............. 37: 108Momm, E., A. Kaneko & T. Tokui tsu Populations at two adjacent localities
in Hokkaido'. . . . . . . . .............. . . . .- . . . .. . . .. 37: 109Mukai, T., I. Yoshikawa, & S. Chigusa Radiation-induced mutation rate of
polygenes controlling the number of sterno-pleural bristles. . . . . .Muller, H. J. A semi-automatic stock of triploids. . . . . . . . . . . .Nakao, Y. & Y. Morioka A test of mutagenicity of 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide
(feeding experiment). ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 110Nash, D. J. & W. E. Klopfenstein Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in inbred
lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 111Nasrat, G. E. Maleic hydrazide as a chemical mutagen. ............ 37: 111Natarajan, A. T., S. Nirula & M. S. Swaminathan Genetic studies with irradiatedmedi ur. .................................. 37: 112
Neeley, J. C. Triploid stocks containing a reversed acrocentric. . . . . . . . 37:113Norton, I. L. & I. H. Herskowitz Absence of telegony in matings involving eruptand Suppressor-erupt. ..................... . 07: 113
Novitski, E. & E. Ehrlich Another potentially useful reinversion. 37: 114Oftedal, P. Frequency of recessive sex-linked lethal clusters. . . . . 37: 114Oftedal, P. Sex ratio in broods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 114,Oshima, C. The persistence of deleterious genes in natural populations. . 37: 115Parazzi E., S. Giavelli & L. V. Pozzi Effect of temperature and age on
pupae treated with X-rays. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 116Pelecanos, M. & T. Alderson The mutagenic response to aduit feeding of diethylsulphate. ................................. 37: 116
Pipkin, S. B. Salivar, chromosomes of species hybrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37:117Reddi, o. S. & G. Mathew Sensitivity of testes to centrifugation ('Pseudo-
gravity' ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 37: 117Reddi, o. S. & C. Mathew A new stock for simultaneous scoring of translocations,
autosomal, and sex-linked recessive lethals. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 118Reddi, o. S. & C. Mathew Genetic recovery in males and inseminated females
irradiated with X-rays and fast neutrons. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 119
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Ritossa, F. Beta-glactosidase distribution in various organs of D. busckiiand melanogaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ritossa, F. New puffs induced by temperature shock, DNP and salicilate insalivary chromosomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roberts, P. Ma ternal age and nondis junction. . . . . . . . -. . .Sanjeeva Rao, M. The effect of feeding larvae with vegetable distillates..Sanjeeva Rao, M. The sensitivity of testes to the alkalobd atropine. . . .Scharloo, W. Long term selection on the expression of ci . . . . . . . . .Scharloo, W. & A. M. Nieuwenhuys Temperature sensitive periods in cubitusinterruptus. ....................... . . . . 37: 125
Schouten, S. C. M. Frequency of recessive sex-linked lethals after irradia-tion of semi-starved males. .................. 37: 126
Schulten, G. G. M. - A case of aberrant sex-ratio in D. melanogaster II. . . 37: 126Schwinck, I. Studies on the pleiotropic pattern of rosy. . . . . . 37: 127Seto, F. Distribution of recessive lethalson the second chromosome. . . .37:127Seto, F. Recessive lethals in laboratory populations. .......... 37:128Sonnenblick, B. P. & J. Grodis Can a dose of 4-5000r of X-rays "doublethe longevi ty" of D. melanogaster? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sperlich, D. Non-random associations of inversions in D. subobscura. .Spieler, R. A. Effect of parental age on chromosome loss and nondis-
37:6 Table of Contents
Redfield, H-. -& J. Schultztriploids.
Rezzonico Raimondi, G., &in vitro. . . . . . . .
Recombina tion for the X of structurally standard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C. M. Chini New observations on cells cultivated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIS 37
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junction. ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .0.37: 1)1Stevenson, R. Drosophila collections from the Mt. Mitchell, N. C., area. . 37: 132Takada, H. Divergency-indices of male genitalia of the virilis and repleta
groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 133Tano, s., A. B. Burdick & K. Bergan Recombination distance between rl andstw. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tokutsu, T. On the occurrence of D. raridentata in Hokkaido, Japan.Tsácas, L. Capture of Drosophilids in Greece. . . . . . . . . .Wallace, B. Retention of X-ray induced inversions in stocks of D. pseudo-obscura otherwise structurally homozygous. . . . . . . . . . . . 37: 135
Technical NotesAlexander, M. L. Detection of sperm in eggs of D. virilis. . . . .Basden, E. B.A contemplated catalogue of world Drosophilidae. . .
\ Beardore, J. A., W. van Delden & L. Alkema A population cage forincuba tor use. .......... -. . . . . . . . . . .
Bennett, J. A "brush" for washing culture vials. . . . -. .Clarke, J. M. A rapid method of feeding liquids to
aduit flies.
Farnsworth, M. W. Large scale culture of larvae. .Forbes, C. New stoppers for culture bottles. . . .Gottlieb, F. J. A method for mounting body parts. . . . .,_Miller, D. D. Another method of collecting.Mittler, S. & J. Zitnik A modified micro-injection technique.Nash, D. J. A new plug for bottles and vials. . . . .Oftedal, P. CO2 as fly anaesthetic. ..............Ogita, Z. Enzyme separation by agar-gel electrophoresis. . . . . . . . .Oster, I. I. & G. Balaban A modified method for preparing somaticchromosomes. .......................
Schaffer, H. E. A method of mounting wings. ...........Seecof, R. L. An apparatus for anaesthetizing with CO2. ....._Trosko, J. E. & M. E. Myszewski Inhibition of egg-laying in inseminatedfemales. ...............................
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Teaching NotesUrsprung, H. Transplanting tis sues. ................... 37: 146
January 1963 Table of Contents 37:7
Personal and Laboratory News . . .Materials Requested or Available .Announcements. . . . . .Directory - Geographical .Directory - Alphabetical
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QUOTABILITY OF NOTES .
Alderson, T. 36: 53Baker, W. K. 26:129; 28:102; 29:101Band, H. T. 36:55; 36:56Barker, J. S. F. 34:113a; 34:113bBarzilay, R. 32: 112Bateman, A. J. 28: 107a; 28: 107b; 29: 104;
29: 105; 32: 113; 33: 120; ~5:71Chandley, Ann C. 35:76; 35:77Falk, R. 28:117; 29:115; 33:131a;
33:131b; 33:132Forbes, c. 32: 122; 32: 167; 33: 179Frydenberg, o. 29:119; 30:115; 31:120;
32:167; )4:78a; 34: 78b; 34:79Gersh, E. S. 20:86; 30:115Goldschmidt, E. 29:182; 36:68Goldschmidt, E., J. Wahrmn, R. Weiss &
A. Ledermn-Klein 26: 102Gruber, F. 32: 124Hinton, C. W. 26:105; 26:106; 27:94
28:124; 29:125; 29:171; 30:121; 32:173Ledermn-Klein, A. 28: 128; 33: 144Lefevre, G. 30:129; 36:85; 36:86Meyer, Helen U. 26:111; 27:101; 28:134;
29:137; 30:135; 30: 135b; 31:134;31: 176; 32: 136
Meyer, Helen U. &M. L. Criswell, 35:90Meyer, Helen U. & Meyer, Evelyn R. 35:90Mittler, S. 21:90; 22:73; 24:61; 25:74;
25: 115; 25: 136;.27: 103Mittler, S. & A. Bartha 21:91
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Moree, R. 36:92; 36: 132Muller, H. J. & I. I. Oster 31: 141Nash, D. 36: 100Oksala, T. A. 36:104Oster, 1. 1. 25:125; 25:124; 26:116;
28:150; 29:153; 29:154; 29:156; 30:145;
30:145b; 31:150 -Oster, I. I. & A. Z. Cicak 29: 158; 32: 143Oster, I. I. & S. V. Iyengar 29:159Oster, I. I., E. Erlich & H. J. Muller
32:144Pelecanos, M. 36: 107Pipkin, Sarah B. 5:24; 8:74; 26:117;
30:146Rapaport, S. 33:182Sutton, E. 16:68Ronen, A. 31:157; 31:158; 36:112Rosin, S. 23:97; 25:75a; 25:75b; 25:75c;
25: 136Sobels, F. H. 23:98; 25:128; 27:112;
28:156a; 28:156b; 29:165; 32:159;
33:161Spofford, J. B. 29: 165Tates, A. 35:98van Dorp van Vliet 26:97Volkart, H. D. 33: 100Yaffe; D. 29: 173Yanders, A. 26: 127; 26: 134Young, F. N. & Meyer, HelenU. 28:167
* *'* * * *
Biology of Drosophila (Ed. M. Demerec) p.632, Wiley & Sons 1950, which hasbeen out of print for several years is available in Xerographic reprint edition(15x23cm) prepared by University Microfilms Inc., 313 N. 1st Street, Ann Arbor,Michigan, O-P book No. 10,163. Pricè: soft-bound $22.50; cloth binding additional$2.00; shipping and handling charges, first copy 50i, additional copies 25i.
37:8 DIS 37
EDITOR'S COMMENTS
Reprints of DIS Notes
By arrangement with the University of Oregon Press, it is now possible to orderreprints of DIS notes. If the order accompanies the note at the time of its sub-mission, the costs will be:
1-4 pages $6.00 for 100 or less; $.75 each additional 100
5-8 pages $7.00 for 100 or less; $1.50 each additional 100
Furthermore, notes, or reprints of pages, from past DIS's, starting with 34can also be reprinted (but only at the time that DIS is being printed). Becausemore time and effort is required to reproduce them than those currently being printed,however, it is necessary to add an additional charge of $2.00 per order.
Please keep in mind that these will be simply reprints of the pages on which thenote or notes are to be found, and that other notes, or sections thereof on the same
page may precede and follow yours. It will be the responsibility of the author tomark out the unwanted notes, add a title cover, or otherwse focus attention onthe pertinent sections.
In the future, your editor will make an effort to arrange those notes, ofwhich reprints have been requested, in such a position that they will head, or beclos€ to the top of, the pages on which they appear. If one worker or group ofworkers submits several notes, it will be necessary to indicate whether theseshould follow successively after each other, to appear together in one reprint, orwhether they should be separated, to facilitate their arrangement in indivídualreprints.
Growth of DIS
In DIS-21, 1947, there were 312 names listed in the directory. In the presentissue, there are 1,107, an average yearly rate of increase of 11%. There is noreason to believe that this phenomenal growth rate will decline; on the contrary,
we may reasonably anticipate that as some of the current fads with other organismslose their glamor, and those geneticists turn their attention again to seriousbiological work, the rate will even go upwards.
Gratifying as this may be, it does present problems in putting out DIS. Thenumber of contributions per year is greater than can be handled in one volume, andonce again we are faced with the necessity of issuing two numbers. All contributions(except foreign ones) arriving after the deadline date of November 15 have been savedfor DIS-38, which will appear in late spring.
Although we will continue to issue the usual call each autumn, along with a
specific deadline date for directory material, contributions will be typed as werecei ve them (out of alphabetical order) and we will arbitrarily stop when we havereached maximum size for that issue. Contributions still remaining will be savedfor the subsequent issue. In answer to the question, then, as to when stock lists,notes, reports of new mutants, etc., should be be sent in for the next issue, theanswer is !1.
E Novitski
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena 37:9
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Note: For a description of new balancer designations appearing in this stock list,see DIS 27:57-58 for FM1, SM1 and TM1; DIS 28:77 for FM3 and FM4j DIS 29:75 for SM5jDIS 30:71 for FM6; DIS 32:81 for FM2 and DIS )4:51 for TM3. The symbol, *, is usedfor cross indexing and signifies that the mutant is carried in a stock whose numberis shown in parentheses.
Wild Stocks
1 Canton-S2 Lausanne-S3 Oregon-R-C4 Swedish-c5 Urbana-S
Chromosome 1
* ac ...... '~id. ..~ (169)6 amx/FM3, yJ sc
dm B 1
7 af lzs v/y f:=8 amx55* apr. . . . . . . . .. (see wa)9 Ax* bb. . . .. (24, 57, etc.)* bb~......... (706, 746)* bb ..............(164)* bVo51..... . . . . . .. ( 129)* bbsc............ (104)10 B* B3 ............... (39)
(37)( 38)(40)
* BB3bb. . . . . . . . . . . . .* BB . . . . . . . . . . . . .* BiBi... . . . . . . . . . . .
11 B Bxr car/y f:=12 Bg B/ln(1)AM13 bi ct g214 bo15 br 416 br ~~dec Sb l /FM1,
Y sc w lzs B* brJ... . . . , . . . . .. ( 646 )17 Bx18 Bx219 Bx320 BxJ* Bxr49k............ (11)* Bxr ........... (140)
21 car* cho2.............. (93)* cho. . . . . . . . . . . .. (181)22 cm 623 em ct* C.o ~.............
24 csg /y w bb* ctK..... (13,23, etc.)
2; ~~n ~~iFM1:.~jid.~~S70)wa lzs B
4950
(i 78) 51'.
5354* cu-X.. . . . . . . . . .. (752) 55
* cv. . . . ( 94, 95, etc.)
26 cx27 cxtg t/FM1, y31d
sc8 wa lzs B28 din/y f:=29 dow/FM6, y31d sc8
dm B* dv:r. . . . . . . . . . . . . (183)
(94)125)647)
* dwx..............* dx. . . . . . . . .. (33,* dxst....... (646,30 dy31 ec 632 ec ct s car/FM6,
se8 din B33 ee dx
31dY
* en~bx. . . . . . . . . .. (652)* eii-bx.......... (656)* en -s ........... (648)* eq..... (9S~ 705, 792)
34 Ext/FM6, y31a sc8 diri B35 f36 f B/y f:=37 f BB/y f:=38 f BB 3b b / Y f: =
39 f B:/y f:=40 f B1Bl/y f:=41 f fu/y f:=
4; ~~6å............. (164)* f~15......:..(154, 686)* f . . . . . . . . . . .. (743)* fB27. . . . . . . . . . .. (744)
43 fa* fan............. (748)
44 flp45 fo* fu. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (41)* fw 4........ (143, 166)* f~3 e ............ (189)46 g47 g2 pl/FM3, y31d sc8
dm B 148 g~ ty/y f:=* ~g2iFM6:6~31d6~~è ~eÊ)
gg3gt w8Hw4.. (686, 698, ~te.)
52 Hw 9c /FM1, y31d seöwa lzS B
if3kzl( 1) 7/FM§, y31d sc8 dmB (nub /+) .
56 l(1)J1 seJ1/l(1)JlseJijDel( 1) 24
57 lh Bear bb/,y f: =58 lz/FM3, y31ä se8
dm B 1
59 lz3/y f:=60 lz34k/y f:=61 iz36/y f: =62 1 37hz48f63 lZBS /y 6:= 464 lz iz4 g ras
fj/y f: =* lz . . . . . . . . . . . .. (649)* izg. . . . . . . . . . . .. (174)* lzs. .... (7, 16, etc.)65 m2,~ ~... ( 6~î a 68§, etc~.)66 m /FM3, y sc dm B 167 M(1)n/FM6, y31d se8
dm B68 M(1)o f/In(1)AM69 M(1)SP/In(1)m~* M(1)36f... ...... (675)
70 ma-l/y f:=71 na/y f:= 31d 872 ny f/FM1, y se wa
lzs ~ (ri)73 oc ptg / CIB74 od 31d 375 pa/FM4, y se dm B76 peb v* pl............... (47)* pn2... (101,171, etc.)77 pn':: pn3.............. (98)* ptg............. (657)78 ptg2* ptg2............. (73)
* p~g ............ (137)7~ r1fy f:=
r39~. ............ (142)80 r f B / In ( 1 ) AM
81 ras dy82 ras283 ras2 m* rasV.............. (64)* ras............. (802)
84 rb85 rb ex86 rg 2 31d 887 rst ~FM1, y se wa
lz B 31d 888 rux~FM6, y sc dm B89 rux
37: 10 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena DIS 37
90 s 12591 sbr/y f:= 12692 sc 12793 sc cho 31d 12894 sc Cš v dwx/FM6, y 129sc ~~ B 13095 sc cv v eq 13196 sc cv v f 6 2 13297 sc ec cv Srd v § 133
f/FM~, ~ sc dm B 1 1)498 sc pn g ~x2........ 135
..... (g6 reverted) *99 sc z er7G~ 6 136100 sc z w ec ct
101 sc2 pn/y f:=102 sc3B10J sc~-1 w/y f:=* sC5 ..sc5' (678, 757)
104 sC6 bb105 sc if* sc7 .(691,* sc~. (750,* sc10. a
106 sC10_ï107 sC19 /y Hw* scD1. . ... (773, 795) 145* scD2. . . . . . . . .. (176) ** scJ1. ......... (177)* sc J4 ...... (56, 750)* scSi..... (732, 736)* sCS2 .(172, 734, et~)* sC260.1~..'. ... (794)* sc260=15....... (768)* sc260_22....... (803)* sc ....... (769)
108 scp t109 sd110 Sh2 lFM1 y31d sc8
w2 lzl B111 shf
758, etc.)763, etc.)
(767)
* sl2.... (ClB, ClB36d)* sl . . . . (692)* sn2.. ( 683, 797, 805)):i sn ..... ...... (158)
112 sn3 4113 sn3 lzY v/y f:=
4114 sn34e115 sn 6116 sn3 a /y f:=117 sp-w118 spl 31d 8119 sta/FMJ, y sc
dm B 1120 sta/y f:=* su-Cbx........ (655)* sUŽHw. . . . . . . .. ( 749)
121 su -s v122 su2-s wa cv t123 sU~2s cv v fly f:=124 su -v-pr v/y f: =* su-wa. (678, 680, 681)* suw_f......... (141)
SuX-dx dxsvr asvr w.poi:~Oi-dish bbpoi
sw 2sx vb sy/In(1)AMsytt2 v ft3
4t . . . . . . '1;. . . e.
tw/FM1, y scwa lzs B
* ty. . . . . . . . . . . .. (48)* ty-l~..... (745, 74ê)
137 un4Bx /In(1)AM, ptg138 un139140141142143144
~ f Bxr49k car/y f:=v f12uw-fv r'S6fwvOf
* v .. . . . . . . . .. (747)vb2vb ........... (131)
146147148149
*
vsww m fw1r~ mw17G2 ......... (194)
* w . . . . . . . .. (100)awa2wa3wa4wbf 5wbf2fwbf3wBwx .......... (675)wchwco WY2wcol snwewe2w
ec3wh
:i f3 bbNsa'Ewt
w fwWY2
wy . . .. . . . . . .. (187)yy ac vy ctKy pn 6y pn ~ cm c t 2 sn 3 ocras v dy g f gïcar sw/Ins(1)sc ,dl-49, Y v B
Y sc
150151152153154155
*
156157158159160161162163161.1.
165166167
*
168169170171172
173
(16)
174 Y Sc5izg v fly f:=175 y sCm176 y sCD2177 y sc178 y w Co/y f:=179Y2w spl180 Y2 2181 Y2 cho18~ y cv v f183- y2 dvr2 v2 a184 Y2 s~ w ec185 Y2 wa186 Y2 w 2W 2 2187 y wy g. .. (g partly
2S reverted)188 Y2S f 34e189 Y3d w190 y /y f:=* yGP........... (773)* y31a...... (772, 803)* Y)4c ...(6, 16, etc.)
19; y 59b
y td .......... (681)192 Yv2193 y 11E4194 z w
Chromosome 2
195 a px or196 a px sp197 ab2198 ab2/T(¿:2)E 2199 ab ix bw4sp fCy,
dpTh Bl L sp* abb........... (396)
200 abr/Cy, hk22201 abrfSM5, al Cy ltV
sp202 ad203 al 2204 al b c sp205 al d~ b bw l(2)~x/SM5,
al Cy lt sp206 al d~ b pr RIt 2w/SM5,
al Cy lt sp207 al dp b pr B~ c px 2
sp/SM1, al Cy sp208 al dp b pr c px sp209 al S as~ ho/SM1, ai2
Cy sp210 alpha-1 pP211 Alu/ 2 v 2212 anZSM5, alv_Cy It sp213 an iCy, bw j'214 ang215 an& (ro) 2216 ap /SM5, al Cy ~t v sp2217 arch ch~/SM~, al
Cy lt sp218 ast ho* ast3.......... (777)
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena 37:11
219 ast4 dp cl 265 cn3/~(Y;2)C 302 hk* astX... . . . . . . .. (294) 266 cn35 303 hk2pr* At. . . . . . . . . . . .. (822) 267 cqe' * hk . . . . . . . . . . .. (200 )220 b 268 cr-u/Cy; (~ ) 2 304 ho 2 v 2
221 b alpha-1 269 d/SM5, al ~y ltv ~ 305 hv/SM5, al Cy lt sp222 b cn beta 270 d b/SM5, a~ Cy l~ sp2 306 Hx. 2 v 2223 b el rds pr cn 271 da/~M1, al Cy sp 2 307 hy/ffl'j al Cy lt 2sP224 b Go/Gla 2 272 dil hVvbw zp/SM5, al )08 hy a px2sp/SM1, al225 b Go/SM5, al Cy ltV Cy lt sp Cy spsp2 273 dke c * ix. . . . . . . . . . . .. ( 369)226 b gp 274 dp * ix2............ (199)227 b j 275 dp2cn bw 309 j228 b l(2)Bld2pr c pxv sp/ * dPN'. (286,287, etc.) 310 J._Ble/In(2L)NSSM5, al Cy lt sp2 276 dpo ov 311 J~229 b lt wxt bw 277 dp 312 kn230 b nub pr 278 dpo2 '. 313 L2231 b pr tk/T(Y;2)G 279 dP~!SM5, ai2 Cy ltV sp2 314 L4232 b sf * dPtx. . . . . . . . . ¿.. (19i) 315 L5233 b vg 280 dp 2b/SM5, al Cy lt 316 LG* ba.. ... .~;å.... (2fr~) ~ 317 ~234 Bl/Cy, bw sp2 or a * dp ............. (667) 318 L
~5g ~i/~~1~~i;d~i2 Cy ~~~ ~~~i/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV sp2 ~~6 t~iltV 3P 283 ds d~ * l(2)30~.. (362)237 Bl stw4èin(2LR)dp 284 dsre ft ~p v2 l(2)M ~ prj 321 l(2)~9a px ~lt žP/SM5,238 Bl sŽw blt tu~/SM5, SM5, al Cy ltv sp al Cy It sp
al Cy lt sp 285 ds~' G b pr/Cy, ai2 lt3 322 l(2)~ ~s3, In(2L)t/PM,239 Bla/S~5, ai2 Cy ltV # sp2 dsJ3sp 286 ds /¿n(2L)Cyt, Su-s * l(2)ax.... . (205)240 blo d¡i pr 323 l(2)ay b c ~2/SM5,241 blt * ds~e~'. (322, 349, etcž) ai2 Cy lt sp2242 br~ 287 ds /In(2L)Cy, Cy dp * l(2)B.......... (336)243 bs b pr * l(2)Bld........ (228)
* bs3. . . . . . . . . . . . . (322) 288 dsr 2 * i( 2)bw ......... (257)244 bw 289 dw-24F c~/SM5, al Cy * l(2)C.......... (392)245 bw ba ltv sp * ,l(2)cg ......... (290)246 bW2~u 290 dw-2~F l(2)cg, Žg/SM5, 324 l(2)2l a pXvor/~5,247 bW4 al 2Cy ltV sp al ~ lt sp 2248 bbww45a 291 ed Su -dx 325 l(2)~ L fsM5, al Cy* D . . . . . . . . .. ( 234) 292 el 1 t sp249 bWV34 * en ....(256, 264, 707) * l(2)M .........2 (284)* bw .... ..(213, 344) * En-S ..(329, 388, etc) 326 l(2)~at/2M5, al Cy250 c * esc. . . . . . . . . . .. (778) 1 t sp 2 2
251 c wt px 293 ex X X 2 327 l(2)mefSM1, al Cy sp252 cg c~SM5, ai2 Cy ltV 294 ex ds S2 ast /SM1, al * l(2)mr ........ (706)sp Cy sp 2 * l(2)NS.... .(356, 706)253 cg c/U 295 fes Alult/SM5, al * 1(2)R.......... (404)254 ch Cy ltV sp2 * l(2)Su-H... (296, 419)255 chl 296 fj l(2)Su-HfSM5, ai2 * ll2....... (358)256 chl ~n/S~5, al 2 Cy Cy ltv sp 328 11 2 2
lt sp 297 fj wt/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV 329 lm/Cy, S dp En-S257 chl l(2)b~ bw2b ~r2/ 2 sp2 330 It/T(Y;2)A 2SM5, al Cy lt sp 298 fr/Cy, dp2 331 lt std/SM2, al Cy258 chy 299 fr ~/SM5, al 2 Cy ltV lt V pZ259 ck!SM5, ai2 Cy ltV sp2 sp 332 lt3stw3260 cl2 300 ft * lt ... (285, 819, 839)
261 cl px/T(Y;2)E * G........ .Ž..... ~285¿ * ltv........ (201, 205)262 cn2 301 Grv/SM5, al Cy lt sp 333 ltd* cn ..... (in all stocks * Go.............. .(224) 334 lw
containing In(2R)Cy) * gp.............. (226) * lys...........¿ (668)263 cn bw 2 * gt-4............ (409) 335 M(Z)l73/2M5, al Cy264 cn e~/SM5, al Cy ltV * Hia .........(430,431) lt sp
sp
37: 12 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena
336 M(2)B/in(2L)t¿ l(2)B )80 Q337 M(2)~/SM5, al Cy ltV * rc..... ~ .~..... L688¿
sp 381 rd~SM5, al Cy lt sp338 M(2)i2/SM1, al~ Cy sp~ * rd ............ (223)339 M(2)S3/SM1, al2 Cy sp 382 rdo2340 M(2)~5/SM5, al Cy ltV 383 rdo prsp 2 )84 rh341 M(2)~6/SM5, al Cy ltV 385 rlsp * rn. . . . . . . . . . . . .342 M(2)S7/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV * Roi.. .... ......sp2 386 rub343 M(2)~9/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV 387 Ruf/Pm, ds33k
34 M(~)S11/CY, bwV34 ~~~ S/Cy, ~-S ai2345 M(2)S11/SM5, ai2 Cy . S 2~~ ~~v ;~~/SM5,ltV sp2 * SR .........(329,739)346 M(2)z/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV 390 S /Pm ds33kG * X' ()sp S . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294347 M(2)z S~ b/In(2L)Cy, 391 sca 2Cy dp b pr 392 sca l(2iC/S~5, al
* Mal. ~. . . . . . . . .. ( 672) Cy 1 t sp 2 2348 mi/Pm k 393 SD-5/SM1, al Cy sp349 mr bs2/Pm, ds33 394 SD-7~/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV350 m~/Bld, In~2R)Cy V 2 . sp351 msf/SM5, al Cy lt sp * sf2............. (232)* N-2............. (406) 395 sf 2b352 net 396 shr ~w abe sp~SM5,353 net al ex ds S ast shv 2 al Cy lt sp
ho rub/SM1, ai2 Cy sp 397 shv354 net ed Su2-dx 398 shv ho* nub2............. (230) * Sk............. (347)355 nu~ * sIt....... (~21, 378)
356 nw /Cy-RNS 399 sm px/SM~, al Cy: or4;å........... (195) ltV spor .......... (234) 400 sm px pdfSM5, al 2 Cy357 pd ltV sp
358 pd II 401 s02359 pd ii2 sp 2 402 so b cn360 Pfd/SM5, aZ Cy l~v s~2 * sP2'. f196, 207, etc.)361 pi/SM5, al Cy lt sp 403 sp bs362 pi l(2)30l/~M5, ai2 404 SP/In(2L)t~ 1(2)Rv 2
Cy ltV sp 405 Sp/SM5, al Cy lt2 sp* Pin. . . . . . . . . . . .. (408) 406 Sp Bl N-2/ S~5, al363 pk cn Cy ltV sp
364 pk tuf (sp2/+) 407 Sp JLSM5~ ai2 Cy365 po vg 1 t ~p 2366 po2 408 Sp J L Pin~SM5, al367 pr Cy ltV sp 2368 pr cn/T(Y;2)C 2 409 spd gt-4/SMt, al369 pr cn iX~SM5, al Cy Cy ltV sp
l* sp 410 sple370 pr 411 spt371 pu 412 std/SM5, ai2 Cy ltV sp2372 puf 2 2 413 stw2373 pw-c/SM5, al Cy ltV sp 414 stw374 px 415 stW~/T(Y;2)B375 px- bl (old Berlin Stock 416 stW48
of Goldschmidt) bl=bs7 417 stw blt tuf376 px bw sp/T(Y; 2)J 33k * SuZdx.......... (647)377 px bw mr sp/lm, ds * Su -dx ......... (646)378 px slt sp * Su-er.......... (671)379 pys 418 Su-H/Cy, pr
Drs 37
419 Su-H whd l(2)Su-H/SM5, al 2 Cy ltV sp2
* Su-S........... (286)* tet............ (~53)
420 Tft/ SM1, ai~ Cy sp 2421 tkd/SM5, al Cy ltV sp
* tk.. .. . .. .... .. (231)422 tkv N 2 2(833) 423 tri rg °2/SM5, al Cy(432) lt sp
: tu36å. . . . . . . . . .. (246)tu . . . . . . . . .. (588)
424 tuf ltd425 Uf426 vg427 vgD lSM5, al 2 Cy ltV sp2428 vgn* vgNo2.......... (423)4 np29 vgnw M
430 vgn Hia/T(2;3)S2 Cy431 vg W vHia~SM5, al Cy
~t sp 2432 vg /Roi, bw2sp or433 vst!SM5, al Cy ltV sp2434 whd435 wt
* wxt.. . . . . . . . . .. (229)
Chromosome 3
436437438439
*
a-3aa h 36eaa tuabd BAntp ............( 785)
aPRas gashg eSAt .............. (822)
440441442
*
443 bar-3* BdG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (550)
444 Bd /In(3R)C, l(3)a445 bf/In(3R)C, Sb e 1(3)e
* bod. . . . . . . . .. .. i547)446 bp/TM1, Mé ri sbd447 bul448 bv
* bx. . . (577, 578, etc.)* bX5' . . . . . . . (566, 652)
449 bX34~bx Ubx bxd pbx/Xa450 bXD
* bx . ......... ..(=Ubx)'. bxdic7..... (449, 827)* bxd ......... (855)* by............. (559)* c3G............ (584)
451452453454455456
caca bvca2K-pncaCbxcd
504 jv Hnr h 548 ri pP / st, T(Y;2; 3)F505 jvl 549 ro" k .............. (571) 550 ro Bd ca/IneJR)C, 1(3)a* K-pn........... (453) 551 ro2ra ca/T(2;3)M~* kar2....... .(461, 598) 552 rs506 kar 553 rs~507 Ki * rt . . ........... (570)508 1(3)36d10/In(3LR)Cx, D 554 ru* l( 3)a . '444, 473, eta) 555 ru h th st pP H eS ro/
(479) 509 1(3)ac eS M(3)w/LVM Payne, M(3)x eX* 1(3)e.(445, 478, etc.) 556 ru h th st cu sr eS ca" l( 3)PL ... (Payne; Payne , 557 ru h th st cu sr eS Pr
Dfd cai ca/T(2;3)M~" leJ)PR...." 558 ru h th st pP cu sr eS
510 1(3)tr Sb/In(3LR)Ubx130 559 rug jv se byeS 560 ry 2511 1(3)tr Ubx/TM1, Mé ri 561 ry
sbd 562 Sb/In( 3LR)Ubx101* 1(3)W..... (589, 786) 563 Sb H/In(3R)C, cd* 1(3)Xa......... (837) 564 Sb Ubx/Xa
512 ld 565 Sb~pi/in(3LR)Cx513 Ly/D3 ':' Sb.............. (836)514 Ly Sb/LVM " bd (58n)s 2.' .J......... (515 M(3)124/In(3R)C, e 566 sbd1 bx .
1(3)e : sbd10~'..". ..... (TM1)516 M(3)36e/In(3R)C, 1(3)a "sbd105...... ..... (854)517 MeJ)40130/Payne, Dfd ca * sbd . .... ...... (725)518 M( 3)B¿In( 3R)C, e 1(3)e 567 se519 M( 3)B /In( 3R)C, Sb 568 se app
e l(3)e 569 se h 2520 M( 3)S32/T(2; 3)Mé 570 se rt th~Mé521 M(3)S34/T(2;3)Mé 571 se ss k e ro 3522 M(3)S36/T(2;3)Mé " sed........... (=Hnr )523 M( 3)S37 /Mé " sep........ (784; TM3)524 M(3)w/In(3R)C, e 1(3)e 572 Ser/In(3R)C, e 1(3)e* M( 3)x .......... (555) 573 snb
525 M( 3)y/Mé * spr. . . . . . . . . . . .. (471)526 rna 574 sr527 rna fl 575 sr gl671) 528 mah 576 ss529 MC/Xa 577 ss bx 2530 N-X/Xa 578 ss bx Su -ss531 obt 579 ss bxd k eS /Xa532 p 580 sS:_B53) pP s 581 sSa_40a534 pP bx sr e 582 ss535 pP cu 583 st
(543, 607) 536 pb/In(3LR)Cx 584 st c33 ca/~1, Mé ri537 - pbx/Xa l sbd1 (sp )538 PC/TM1, Mé ri sbd~ 585 st in ri pP" Pdr............ (670) 586 st Ki pP
539 Pr/In( 3R)C, e + 587 st sbd ŠS ro ca 36a540 Pr Dr/TM3, y+ ac ri 588 st sr e2 ro ca; tu W
pP sep bx34e e s 589 st sr H cal In( 3R) P ,541 Pt/Xa, ca st 1(3)W ca542 pyd 590 st sp543 R Ly/IneJL)P, gni " suEipd........... (657)544 ra 591 su2-pr/In(3R)C, e(pr)545 red 592 su -Hw bf bxd¿TM1, ~~é546 ri Zi s bd (sp)547 ri bod eS/Mé, In( 3R)C, * Su -ss .......... (578)Sb e 1(3)e 593 su-t(t)
January 1963
457 crnp ca/In(3R)C, e458 cp459 cp in ri pP460 cu461 cu kar462 cur463 cv-c 2464 cv-c sbd465 cv-d
" Cyd.............466' D/Gl467 D3 Sb ca2/Payne468 det469 DfdlIn(3LR)Cx470 Dfd471 Dl H eS cd/In(3R)spr,
3pr472 Dl / In( 3R) C, e473 Dl~/ In( 3R) C, If 3Óa474 Dl /Il~~LR~Ubx ,
Ubx e475 DiTiIn(3R)C, e476 Dl12/Payne, Dfd ca477 Dl13/Payne, Dfd ca478 Dl /In(3R)C, Sb e
t,&l)e47?- DIB ÎIn(3R)Cyd, Cyd. Dl ............ (786)
480 Dl x/Payne,~ Dr............. (540)
481 drb482 dwh/Payne, Dfd ca
* e4..........(659,660)483 el1wo ro484 e485 eS
~:: eX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . (555)486 eg¿In( 3LR)Cx487 eg /In( 3LR)Cx
* er......... (662,488 eyg
* fl............. .(527)489 fz490 g12 4491 g13 e492 gl493 Gl Sb/LVM
* gm........494 gs495 h2496 h497 H/In(3R)hp, hp498 H2Pr/In(3R)C, e499 H /Xa500 H~~in(3R)C, Sb e 1(3)e
* He... . . . . . . .. (604)':' Hn~3'."". . . ... (504)
501 Hn sr" hp........... . . . (497)
Hu ..............(787)
502 in503 jv
Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena 37: 13
37:14 Melanogaster - stocks - Pasadena DIS 37
* su-tu. . . . .. . . . . (671)594 su-ve ru ve h th595 th596 th st cp597 th st pb pP /In( 3LR)Cx598 th s~ pb pP cu kar
su -Hw jvl ss bx lrgl/TM1, Mé ri sbd
* tra. . . . . . . . . . .. (654)612613614615
(438) 616617618619620621622623624625
(667) 626
599 tt wo600 Tu* tu36e..........601 tu-h602 tx 4603 Ubx6rd/P3~e, Dfd ca604 Ubx101/H
* Ubx130. . . . . . . . .. (562)* Ubx . .(474, 510, etc)
605 ve606 ve h th607 ve R/In(3L)P, gm
* vo- 3 ...........
Multichromosomal Stocks
608609610611
nsv
4627 ey* e~.... ..(612, 622, 644)* eyR.... .(615, 617, etc.)
628 gvl R629 gvl eYR n630 gvl ey sv D631 l(4)AM-1/ciD (Hochman)632 1(4)PT-1/ciD "633 1(4 )PT-2/ ciD634 1(4)PT-3/ci D635 l(4)SLC-1/cb636 1(4)ST-1/ci637 l(4)ST-2/Cig638 l(4)ST-3/ciD639 i(4)ST-4/ci
* Mal.............. (672)
wW Sb/ In( 3LR) Cx
wk/Payne, Dfd cawo
Chromosome 4
arIelbtbtD/ckD nbt2ey eXtC~ / s~aci eyci gvl btRci gvl eyc~3g1R svncic~E/e~cici svn(~'i;
eY2ey
646647648649650651652653654655656
657658
3 st .2br %X ; ed Su -dx (1; 2)dxs ; Su-dx (1; 2)e~-S; S/Cy ~1¿2)lz /dl-49, m g ; Cy/Pm (1;2)v; bw (1;2)VD 1 2 2v; In(2R)bw e /SM1, al Cy sp (1;2)In(1)en-bx, en-bx; bx) +/+ pbx (1;3)sy; tet (1; 3¿ 1 aif v/FM3, y ; tra/In(3LR)Ubx 3 (l;3)
Y 2su-Cbx V;btbx (1; 3)2y e~2-bx w /FM3, Yi sbd2 ssbx 4e/TM1, Mé ri sbd (1;3)
ptg; px pd; su-pd (1i2;3'y f:=; al; st; spaPo (1;2;3;4)
Attached-X
673674675676677
*
br ec/š~dfbB~su -v-pr v.;n~ M(1)36f!wbf3/sn36a
zIg ty 31d 8Z..£!dFM6, y sc dm BZ pn v ..............".... (681)
Attached-XY
679 g2 B XY'. Y"/v. Y", -j 2 .L' a680 v5f B, XYaY su-w wa gbb681 y 9b su-w wa, xyL. Y /y pn v
Triploid
682 y2 sc wa ec/FM4, y31d sc8 dm B
wa ¿)
640641642643644645
spa Cat . Dspa i/cispaPosv35asvde/e~nsv
659660661662663664665666667668669
670671672
Y f.=" bw. e. ci eyR (1.2.3.4)., " '01'"Y f:=; bw; e; spaP (1;2;3;4)al dp b Bl c px spICy; D/Payne (2;3)b(Su-er+)bw; st er (2; 3)bw! st (2; 3)bw ; st(2; 3)cn; ry2 (2"~)
CyLPm, ds33 ; H/In( 3R)Mo, sr (2; 3)dp ; vo-3 (2;3)lys rc; ss (2;31Pm, dp b/Cy, sp ; Sb/D, CxF (ru h car)
(2; 3)
px pd; Pdr H, Dp ( 2; 3) P / Pdr ( 2 ; 3 )Su-er tu bw; st er su-tu (2;3)pr; Mal (2;4)
* Y.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (688)* Y v f car ..................... (74f.)* Y'l w bb ......................... ( 24 )* Y2' FM~ .......... (=FM3) 654, 656)* Y sc wa eg ...... .4t.. .~R..... .(682)
678 y2 su-w . w bb/y sc sc
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena37: 15
Extra Y
683 In(1)wm4L N264-84R, y sn/FM3, y31d sc8 dm B L/Y; dm sn ô (DIS 28:137)
Closed-X
684 XC ~ y/y f:=685 Xc, cv v f /C1B 2 4686 In(Xc2)wvc/y Hw dl-49 m g f5 (Catcheside) (ring stabilized)
Closed-Y
c / +687 YLè bw X . bw(fb "MYR")688 Y /y w y5 and ~Deficiencies
Deficiencies-X
689 Df(1) 259-4c690 Df(1)26o-1691 Df(1)B263-20692 Df(1)bb693 Df( 1)bb1
* Df( 1)bb268_42694 Df(1)cl695 Df(1)g8696 Df( 1) N264_ 39
697 Df(1)N264_105698 Df(1)N 2* Df(1)rs~L 8R
699 Df(1)sc sc* Df(1)sc8
700 Df(1)svr701 Df(1)w258-11702 Df( 1 )w258-42
( 258-45703 Df 1)w258_48704 Df( 1 )wbb705 Df(Y)Y -706 Df(y)yst* Df(Y)Y"
707 Df(2)42708 Df(2)al'ítì09 Df(2)bw.710 Df(2)bwVDe2LCyR711 Df( 2)M3Ja712 Df(2)MB713 Df( 2)MS4714 Df(2)MS8715 Df(2)MS10
,~ Df(2)P
716 Df(2)Px2717 Df(2)Px10718 Df( 2)rl a719 Df(2)S2720 Df(2)s3 B721 Df( 2 )vgc722 Df(2)vgC723 Df(2)vgD* Df(2)vg
/ 31d 8Df(1)259-4c FM4, ~1d sg dm BDf(1)260-1/FM4, Y sc dm BDf(1)B263-20/Ins(1)sc7, AM ~c7 garIn(1)bb-, y s12 bb-/FM4, y~1 sc dm BIn(1)bb-, i car bb-/In(1)AM
....... ~Da:~~......... .)là...a.. (706)Df(1)cl ' y/FM4, y sc dm BDf(1)g8' f B/I~fÅ)AM8 a sDf(1)N IFM1 y sc w 1 ~ BDf(1)N264-39 wch/FM4, y3IQ sc8 dm BDf(1)N264-103 (dm)/d1-49, y Hw mZ-g4
..... ..iit.. -art... ........ ... ..... (87)Df( 1) sc sc .y (extra Y's in female);(see also 678)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (736)Df(1)s~5~_~l(1;f)101 (~~dhetš or hom.)Df( 1)w 8 4 ' y/FM6, Y 31d sC8 dm BDf(1)w~~8=4;' y/FM1, Y31d sc8 wa lzsBDf(1)w258_48' Y/FM~, y sc dm ~Df(1)wbb_ ¿ Y sc spl; Dp(1;3)w co; y f:=Df(Y)r , Y eq +we bb-/we bbl; yst and we bbl; Y ; NS, px sp/l mr2
................... -2-.... .~..... (679)Df(2)42. en/SM1, al Cy spDf(2)ai~Cy, En-SDf(2)bw tDs~ /XaDf(2) bw e~, -CyR/GlaDf(2)M33a/Pm 2 2Df(2)MB/SM1, al Cy sp 2Df(2)MS4/SM1, ai2 Cy spDf(2)MS8/SM1, ai2 Cy sp22Df(2)MS10/SM1, ai2 Cy sp
................................. (716)Df(2)PxfDf(2)P; Dp(2; 3)~/In( 3R¿Mo, sr; weDf(2)Px Ò bw sp/SM1, a133~y spDf(2)r~1 a lt cn/Pm, dsDf(2)S ICy, En-SDf(2)S3~Dp(2;2)A¿ Cy, En-S 2Df(2)vgC/SM5, al Cy ltV spDf(2)vgC/Rvd 2 v 2Df(2)vg /SM5, al Cy It sp D
...................... (= vg ) eo_. (427)
J7:16 Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena DIS 37
Deficiencies- 3
'. Df( 3)Ly
724 Df( 3)MS3lo5725 Df(3)sbd
............. (= Ly)...(513, 414, 54J)Df( 3)MSJ1 /T(2; 3)MéDf( 3) sbd 1b5 /Xa
Deficiencies-4
726 Df(4)M4 Df(4)M4/eyD
Duplica tions
* Dp(1;f)24727 Dp(1;f)101728 Dp( 1; f)107729 Dp(1;f)118730 Dp(1;f)13~731 Dp(1; f)XC7)2 Dp ( 1 ; f) z 9733 Dp(1;1l112S17)4 Dp(1;Y )sc735 Dp(1; 3)1~6
* Dp(1; 3)w ~~736 Dp(1;3)sc* Dp(2;2)A
7J7 Dp(2;2)S* Dp(2;3)P
738 Qn( 1)w739 Qn( 2; 2) S
...... .e." ..(= Del(1l~4 )8. .(56, 770)In(1)sc8, Df(O+ac). wa sc.8; Dp(1;f)101In(1)sc8, Df(O+ac). wa sc.8; Dp(1;f)107In(1)sc8, Df(O+ac). w sc.8; Dp(1;f)118 2In(1)sc è2Df(O+ac). wa sc. ; Dp(1;f)1J5, YDp(1;f)X9 /y 1(1)76KRl(1)7Dp(1;f)z , Df(1)sc /y f:=
y ~i DE( 1; 1g112 (homozygous stock)sc .Y /y.Y ; Y f:=; cn bw (e/+)v f; Dp(1;3)1Z6/Payne, Dfd ca
. . . . . . . . . J n . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . .. ( 704 )Dp(1;3)sc /Df(1)sc, waDp(2;2)A, Cy, En-S .... .n....... (720)Dp(2;2)S, (S ast) (S ast ) net dp cl/CY, En-S..... ...... ................. (670, 716)
Qn(1)w, (w) 5/y f:=Qn(2;2)S, (ast)5' al ho/Cy, S2 En-S
Inversions
Inversions-X
751 Ins(1)dl-49, BM1752 Ins(1)dl-49, BM1
'. In( 1) en-bx
* Ins (1 )FM1* Ins(1)FM3* Ins (1) FM4
753 Ins (1) FM6* Ins(1)FMAJ
In ( 1 ) AB / Y f: =
......~i.....l''I......:. (12, 68, etc.)In(1)~M2' vr~v (~n-like); see also 750,751, etc.In(1)~M2'(~ev) BB15. _In( 1) ~M2 B27 !M2 (reinv.; mosaic)In(1)B , f ~- /ClB..... ..... ................. (692, 693)
In(1)Cl, sc t~ v sl B36dCIB)...(7J~6g85, etc.)In(1)Cl, sc t v sl B ...(= CIB )...(806)In(1)dl-49, ty-1 1In(1)dl=49, túrl bb /Y v f carIn(1)dl-49, v fIn(1)dl-49, y fan 2 4In(1)dl-49, y Hw ID2 g4 .5....(698, 760)In(1)dl-49, y Hw m g f2. .n..... (686)In(1)dl-49, y_Mr--Hw Hw m gJ~* w bb _M1Ins(1)dSi~9, ~R ' l(1~~1 sg ~ oc ptg ~- / 6In(ps2 sc, Y sc sc :Rn w ec rb cm ct snJras g f sy o~1car l/l(~lJ1 . Y (= "Maxy")Ins(1)dl-49, BM1, sc v B (ho~rygJUs)Ins(1)dl-49, B , Y sc v cu-X BIn(1)en-bx, Jlfabx ¡j' .å".š... '.=.' (652)
Ins(1)FM1, Y31d sC8 w lz B ~-FM1) ....(16,25, etc.)Ins(1)FM3, YJ1d sC8 cm B 1_ (-FMJ) ..... (6,47, etc.)Ins(1)FM4, Y31d sC8 dm B (-FM4) ...... (75,682, etc.)Ins(1)FM6, y 2 sc dm B/y f:=Ins(1)FMAJ, y (=FMJ) .................... (654, 656)
740 In( 1)AB'. In(nSh741 In( 1)BM2742 In(1)BM274J In(1)BM2744 In(1)B
'. In(1)bb* In(1)C1BJ6d* In(1)CIB
745 In (1 ) dl-49746 In(1)dl-49747 In( 1) dl-49748 In( 1)dl-49* In(1)dl-49'. In(1)dl-49
749 In(1)dl-49750 Ins(1)dl-49, BM1
January 1963
In ( 1) i64-84In( 1)rst~In(1)rsilIn(1)sc 4L 8RIns(1)sc , scIn( 1) scrIn( 1) scIns (1 ) scr, AMIns(1)sc7, BAt1
Ins(1)sg ,In(1)sc8In( 1) sc8In( 1)sc 8Ins(1)sc8, dl-49Ins(1)ss , dl-49In(1) sc260_14In( 1) sC260_22In(1)sc J1
In( 1) sc S1Ins(1)scS11 dl-~~
'" Ins(1)sc , scS1L 8RIns(1)S¡¡ , S; sc
In( 1 )wm 3PL SiRIns(1)èr , S, scIn(1)Y4In(1)y
754755756757
*
758759760761762763764765766
*
767768769770
*
771772773774
'"
Inversions-2
( VDe1775 In 2)bwVD 2776 In(2)bw e
2L Inversions
777 In(2L)Cy* In(2L)Cy* In(2L)Cyt* In(2L)NS
778 In(2L)t779 In(2L)t
* In(2L) t* In(2L)t* In( 2L)t
2L + 2R Inversions
780 Ins(2L+2R)Cy'" Ins(2L+2R)Cy* Ins(2L+2R)Cy,'" Ins (2L+2R) Cy
* Ins(2L+2R)Cy
- V34bw
'~
*
*
'"
'"
*
**
Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena 37:17
In(1)N264-84, . /FM6, y31d sc8 dm Bin(1)rst~, rstJ ~hOmOZygous)In( 1) rs& ' y rat car bbIn( 1) sc , y sc. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (678, 699)In( 1) sc (, sc 7In(1)sc7 sc7 wa 2 4Ins(1)sc~, AM, sc7/dl-49, y H~1~ g8Ins(1)sc7, AMt sc77ca4~~4M1Y sc dm (without B)Ins(1)sg7, F~ ' sc w B /y f:=In( 1) sc8, sc8In(1)sc8, s31dcV ~ f~y f:=In(1)sc ~ y sc ~1d 8Ins(1)sc8, dl-49, Y31d sC8 (homozygous)Ins(1)ss , d9-49, Y sc wa lzs B (= FM1)in(1)sc2~O~Ï4 Bx f6d-l~ (homozygous)In(1)sc260_22' sC260_22In(1)scJ1 ' scIn(1)sc si Del(1)24Ins(1)scS11 dl-~~, y v ~1...B.'.' (172) 6inJ( 1)s~ 2' sc , Y sc sc pn w ec rb cm ctsn ras S~L f sy o§Rcar 1 ...5....(750)Ins(1)ss ' S, sc , scSi sc wa B (=Muller-5)In(1)wm3Ptbb?) SiR 19iIns(1)èr 4 S, sc /y f:= ; Cy/scIn(1)Y4' Y4 aIn(1)y , y w sn.... .......... (805)
In(2)bW~e~/b It 1 en mi spIn(2)bw e /Rev 1
In(2L)Cy, al 2 azt3 b pr (does not carry Cy mutant)In(2L)Cy, Cy dp b2Pr....... (287, 347)In( 2L) Cyt, Su-S dp pr.......... (286)
........................ -¿_...... (320)In(2L)t, esc c sP/s~5, al Cy ltV spIn(2L)t, lt 1 L4 sp /Pm, ds)jkIn(2L)t, l( 2)B ................. (336)In(2L)t, l(2)R ........... .~.... (404)Ins(2L)t, Roi.(2R)Cy, bw sp or (= Roi) ... (432)
Ins (2L+2R) Cy,Ins(2L+2R)Cy,Ins (2L+2R) Cy,Ins (2L+2R) Cy,Ins( 2L+2R) Cy,
Ins( 2L+2R) Cy,
Ins( 2L+2R) Cy,
Ins(2L+2R)Cy,Ins ( 2L+2R) Cy,Ins (2L+2R) Cy,Ins (2L+2R) Cy,Ins( 2L+2R) Cy,
Ins (2L+2R) Cy,
2 2 )a12 En-S JP 4 (do2s not carry Cy mutantal Cy lt V~4 sp ... (285, 819, 839)Cy, (2~bw ........... (213, 344)Cy, dp pr................. (794)Cy ..4. 5å . . . ~. . . 4)â . ( 268 , 649, 661)Cy bW2 sp or .......... (234)Cy dPTh.....4...¿............ (298)Cy dp Bl L sp . . . . . . . . . .. ( 199)Cy EnZS .......... (388, 708, etc.)
Cy h~ .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (200 )Cy L sp ................... (823)
Cy pr2............ (418,838, etc.)Cy sp ....................... (669)
37:18
*
*
781 Ins (2L+2R)NS* Ins (2L+2R) NS
* Cy-RNS
2LR Inversions
782 In( 2LR)102* In(2LR)dp* In(2LR) Gla* In(2LR)Pm* .In(2LR)Pm2* In(2LR)Rev* In(2LR)Rvd* Ins(2LR)SM1* Ins (2LR)SM5
* Ins(2LR)U
2R Inversions
* In(2R)Cy
K* In(2R)Mo* In(2R)NS
3L Inversions
* In(3L)D* In(3L)D3* InC3L)P* In( 3L)P
783 In( 3L)P
3LR Inversions
* In(3LR)Cx* Ins ( 3LR) Cx, D
784 In(3LR'sep* Ins ( 3LR) TM1
* Ins ( 3LR) TM3
* in(3LR)Ubxi~~* In( 3LR)Ubx
3L + 3R Inversions
* Ins(3L+3R)P
*
*' - InsC3L+3R)LVM* Ins(3L)P, (3R)C
3R Inversions
B785 In( 3R)Antp
* In( 3R)C
Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena DIS 37
2Ins(2L+2R)Cy, Cy S2 EnŽS .... .... (739)
Ins(2L+2R)Cy, Cy S dp En-S .... (329)Ins(2L+2R)NS, b mr/CyIns(2L+2R)NS, px2sP ............. (706)Ins(2L)Cy, Cy dp pro (2R)NS, 1 px1(2)NS sp ....................... (356)
In(2LR)102, dsw/SM1, ai2 Cy sp2
........................... (235, 237)
............ .))K. .(= Gla)....... .(224)In( 2LR) Pm, ds . . .. (322, 349, etc.)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 348)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (= Rev)........ ( 776)
.............. .~..... .~.......... (722)Ins(2LR)SM1, al2 Cy sp ..(2 SM1)...(207, 209, etc.)Ins(2LR)SM5, al Cy ltV sp ....(= SM5)......
(201, 205, etc.)......................... (= U)... (253)
2In( 2R) Cy, cn Bld .............. (350)
(see also Ins(2L+2R)Cy)(822)(356)
......... ......(= D~...(508, 661, etc)
.... ..... ..... .(= D)........ .....(513)In(3L)P, gm ............... (543, 607)In(3L)P, Mé....(= Mé).(523, 525, etc.)In(3L)P, mot-36e/R
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (= Cx). ( 469, 486 , etc.)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (508 )ri pP, In( 3LR) ~ep~ sePi
Ins ( 3LR) TM1, Me ri s bd .... (= TM1)....... (446)
Ins(3LR)TM3, y+ ac+ ri pP sep bx34e eS
. . . . . . . . . . . . (= TM3) ....... ( 540 , 836 )
. .... .....¡.Õ. ....1)0..;.. ..~... f~é2)In(3LR)Ubx 3 , Ubx e ...(- Ubx ).........(474, 510, etc.)
Ins(3L+3R)P, l(3)PL l(3)Pr .. .(= Payne).. .....( 467, 480, etc.)
Payne, Dfd ca ............... (476,477, etc.)........ ..(= LVM)...... ....... (493, 509, 514)In(3L)P, Mé, In(3R)C, Sb e l(3)e .. ..... (547)
In(3R)AntpB, AntpB/TM1, Mé ri sbdl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .In(3R)C, cd ............................ (563)
807808809810811812813814
January 1963
* In(3R)Cy~786 In( 3R)Dl* In(3R)hp
787 In(3R)Hu788 In( 3R)Mo* In(3R)P
789 In(3R)pFla* In(3R)pW* In(3R)spr, spr
Translocations-1; 2
790 T(1;2)B~d791 T(1 ;2)f 57-5792 T(1;2)1~64_10793 T(1;2)N S2794 T(1;2)sc19795 T(1;2)sc
Translocations-1; 3
796797798799800801802
*
T( 1; 3)263-4T(1;3)283-3T( 1; 3) "ll~~_54 3"T(1; 3)WT(1;3)04T(1;3)05 VT(1;3)raj4T(1;3)sc260_15T(1; 3)scT(1;3)vT(1;3)vVT(1;3)w co
803804805806
Translocations-1 ;4
T(1;4)~;T( 1;4) N~aT( 1.4) sc8, m5T(1;4)wm5 J4T( 1;4 )w25~!i6) scr( 1;4 )wVD3 258-21T( 1 ;4 )w258-~iw. a)T(1;4)w , y w
Translocations-Y; 2
* T(Y;2)A815 T(Y;2)B* T(Y;2)C* T(Y;2)E* T(Y;2)G* T(Y;2)J
816 T(Y; 2) rl
Translocations-Y; 2; 3
* T(Y;2; 3)F
Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena
In(3R)C, e ............................. (457)In(3R)C, e l(3)e ............ (515, 518, etc.)In(3R)C, l(3)a .............. (444, 473, etc.)In(3R)C, Sb e l(3)e ......... (445, 478, etc.)In(3R)Cy~, Cyd .~...(= Cy~)............. (479)In(3R)Dl , st ni /In(3R)P , st L(3)W caIn(3R)hp, hp . .S.. ...................... (497)In( 3R)Hu, Hu) Sb pi /PayneIn(3R)Mo, sr/Xa ca
. . . . . . . tl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ( 789)In(3R)Pw a. (homozygous)In(3R)P , st L(3)W ca ............. (589, 786). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (471)
T(1;2)B~3' ~ld/ClB (carries In(2R)Cy)T(1;2)f - /In(1)AM .T(1;2)l~~~1bcarries3!3 an§ possible su3-s)T(1;2)N S2 /FM6, y sc dm BT(1;2)sc 9/Cy 19' ThT(1;2)sc1 /y f:= fes sc i b pr/Cy, dp pr
T(1;3)263-4, Y sc Bl/rn(1)AMT(1;3)28)-3/we snT(1;3)"~g~ 643" ru eS ca/ÇxF, ru h caT(1;3)N -, y/y w dm(=~)T( 1; 3)04/ ClBT)1 3)05,~/y f:=T(1 3)ras /y f:=
... .... ž6C~lS... . ... ~1a... . ~ . .... . .... .T(1 3) sc -. /FM§idY 8 sc8 dm BT(1 3)v, v/FM6, y sc dm B4T(1 3)Vt sc cv v f/rn(1)y4, y wa snT(13)wCO, vf/ClB36d
(811)
T(1;4)BS/y f:=l(1;4)N8á/FM6, y31d sc8 dm BT(1;4)s~~, BDwa/y f:= 'T(1?4)wm5/ey J4RT( 1;4 )w?55_I~1; 3) sCD (ClB)T(1;4)~VD3 ' Y/S!d 8 a sT(1;4)w258L~1, y a sc w31az ~T(1;4)w , y w /FM4, y sc dm B
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (330)T(Y;2)B/d................................... (265, 368)................................... (198, 261). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (23i ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (376)T(Y;2)rl, lt cn/b lt bw
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (548)
37:19
37:20
Translocations-2; 3
817 T(2;3)101818 T(2;3)101819 T(2; 3)108820 T(2; 3) 109821 T(2;3)A822823 T(2;3)B824 T(2; 3)B V4825 T(2; 3)bwV5826 T(2; 3)bwVDe3827 T(2; 3)bwVD 4828 T(2;3)bw e829 T(2;3)C830 T(2;3)E831 T(2;3)Hn* T(2;3)Mé* T(2;3)p
832 T( 2; 3)p Gr833 T(2;3)rn834 T(2;3)DE-s835 T(2;3)SM* T(2; 3)S V
836 T(2; 3)Sb* T(2; 3)Xa
837 T(2; 3)Xa
Translocations-2; 4
838 T(2;4)a839 T(2;4)ast v840 T(2;4)b841 T(2;4)d842 T(2;4)d
Translocations- 3;4
843 TC3;4)a844 TC3;4)A2845 T(3;4)A12846 T(3;4)A13847 T(3;4)A28848 T(3;4)c849 T(3;4)e850 T( 3;4) e851 T(3;4)f852 T(3;4)f
Transposi tion
853854855856
100Tp( 3)bxd104.Tp( 3) sbd107Tp(3)bxdTp(3)Vno
Melanogaster - Stocks - Pasadena Drs 37
al T ( 2; 3) 1 a 1 sp 24 Cy, L 4 sp 2
ru h T(2; 3) 101 e 2ro ca/Payne~ D4d c~al T(2;3)108 c sp ICy, ai2 ltJ L spT(2;3)109 pp/Payne, Dfd caBl T(2;3)A; ru h D T~ss eS/PayneT(2;3)At, At/~n(2R)M~al T(2; 3)B sp ICy, L s~2T(2; 3)B;V~ h D TB2ss e /~ayneT(2;3)bwV5/SM1, al2 Cy spT(2;3)bwVD~§M5, al Cy ltV sp2T(2; 3)bwVDe4' Ubx bx~/In(3L~)Cx2T(2; 3)bw /SM5, al G. lt spT(2;3)C; ru h D2TC ss e /P~eT(2;3)E/SM5, al Cy ltV ~D 130T(2;3)Hn, Hn/In(3LR)Ubx1)O, Ubx eS". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (520, 521, etc.)T(2; 3)P~ P ..... .z................. (670, 71~)T(2; 3)p r /SM1, aZ Cy sp2T(2;3)rn/SM1, al Cy sp2T(2; 3)D~-s, ho/Cy, En-S (hom. viable)T(2;3)S ICy, En-S
........ \1_... rr-........................)4 (430)T(2; 3)Sb , Sb /TM3, y+ ac+ ri pP sep bx e eS. . . . . . . . . . . . . (= Xa) ......... (449, 529, etc.)T(2; 3)Xa/l( 3)Xa R
T(2;4)a/Cr, pr; e!2 4 2T(2;4)ast ICy, al 2lt3 L spT(2;4)b/Cy, pr; ey 2al dp T(2;4)d px spICy, pr; eyT(2;4)d/Cy, pr
D, T(3;4)a/MéT(3;4)A2/Mé, caT(3;4)A12/Cx, DT(3;4)A13, ve ca/Mé, caT(3;4)A28, ve ca (homozygous)T(3;4)c/Payne, _Dfd caT( 3;4) e/In( 3LR) Cx
h th st, T(3;4)e, cu sr eS ca/Payne, Dfd caTC3;4)f/MéT(3;4)f, h th st cu sr eS ca/Payne, Dfd ca
TP(3)bXdi~~/TM1l3~é riTp( 3) sbd107/Ubx 107Tp(3)bxd 2' bx bxdTp(3)Vno/H
sbdls/ 34esr e bx Mc
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Amerst
AMERST, MASSACHUSETTS: AMERST COLLEGE
37:21
Corrections and additions to list of Stocks in DIS 34: 10, 56, and 36:9.
1
81752a52b70a70b
164c
Wild Stocks
Oregon-R:Samarkandlostrux2
2rux vsvsvs cmvs cm/FM1,
inbreeding, generation 391 on 62j30204-76: from $ #7, inbreeding, generation 76 on 62j29
31d 8 a sy sc w lz B & FM1
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
1 Canton-S3 Samarkand-inbred5 +36 Oregon R-C
B
bb lwe / ClB (wi th floa t-
ing Y)br 3dbr3ec/yBxeC4 1 8Hw 9~/FM1, y3 d sc walz B 2 4In(1)d149, y Hw m g /
y f:=kz g BL~ 2 4Df(1) ~/dl49 y Hw m gsdsple 2sx vb sy/FM4
Chromosome 1
100101
102103104105110
111
113115117118119121122124125126127128129130131132140 y
v carwblw.
wbl eC/FM4weiwCf/FM4
r¡ sc wcf /FM4we 1 wywch wy~FM4weo snwco sn2/FM4
141142143144145150
151155156157159160161162165168
y ac/x 3y ac sny ac sn3 By ac v 8 ay ac sc wy ac Dp wa(ya) 2/
y2 sc w561. ec
y f:=/y ac Dp (wa)2y sc 5y sc m f + +y sc ~y ac sc . yy sny wIn(1)y In(3)wy w spl sn /y f:=y2 cv v fiLJ!..!jwa sp1 nd rb,
Dp( 1; 2~) 5167M-~/y" sc YXC f ear/uy w /wv /w (ring)y wf-4 /~vC flY x
y wm- /Y/Y
170180181182
Chromosome 2
200201
a px sp 2al b c s~ /~n(2~R)Cyai2 It L sp
al ß pr2cn vg c sp2/CyL sp
al d~ b Qr RIt ~/Cyal ltJ L sp
al dp b pr c px spiCy pral dp b pr en vg c a px +bw mr sp¿s2 ~ It3 prBl cn2 L sp
202
204
205206
208 b212 bw214215216218220
221225
226228
ccg c/Uclcn bwIn(2L)t esc c sp/ 2SM~, ai2 Cy ltV spesc 2
l( 2) 3gl4 cn 2w/ Cy al
4lt L spLpr cn i2/SM5, al 2 ltV
Cy sppr envgnovg
229232233
Chromosome 3
300301303308310312314315316
319320321322323324325
cp in ri pPcu 2cv-c sbdGl Sb/LVMhLy/D3ppru h st pP ss eSru h th st cu sr
se ca
sese hse dn Sb/LVMse Ly dn/LVMssasSa_Bss
37:22 Melanogaster - Stocks - Berkeley DIS 37
328 th st cp329 th st Pc Scx pP ss/TM1, Mé ri)40 In(3LR)TM; Mé/In(3LR)Ubx eS350 Pc/T(2,3)Mé
Chromosome 4
402403404405408412420421
R nbtDey DSVbt /cicic~w iRoc12eyey DM-4/eynsv
Mul tichromosomal
510 w; vgc2511 WX t; en512 y ac sn3; s~w3 en513 M-5/y ac sn ; en R516 ~; bw; e; ci ey517 w v/~; 3fâ/C(~)x3 -518 y w f:+/y + sB f n v; Df(4),
Dp Y ac ley520 b; pP521 Cy/Pm; D/Sb522 vg; se
530550
552 cn;cn;cn x FM4/
x FM1, y31d
Transloca tions
603 T( 1; 2)Blî~ClB 19L606 T(1;~sc /y f:=; fes sc b pr/Cy
dp pr607 Xa/Sb Ubx608 T(2;3)Met/dp
Multiple Inversions (Weaver)
A
B
C
D
FG
H
IJK
LM
sn3; Cy/cn bw; ri (Pasadena)
y: 3Cy/cy bw; ri (Pasadena)sn ; Cy/cn bw; ri (Berkeley)
y: Cy/cn bw; ri (Berkeley)y; cn bw; Ubx/ ri
sn3; cn bw; Ubx/ riy; Pm/ cn bw; ri (Pasadena)sn3; Pm/cn bw; ri (Berkeley)y; Gia/ cn; ri
sn3; Gla:6cn; riy; In bw / cn bw; ri
sn3; In(2L)Cy/cn; bw; ri
CHAPEL HILL, NORlH CAROLINA: UNIVRSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
Delete from DIS 35:9 - #11, 16, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 32, 43, 44.Additions to List of DIS 35:9.
Chromosome 1
59 y v f car (by detachment)
Chromosome 2
60 al Cy pr stw px/al dp pr ltstw c px sp
61 al Cy p~ stw sp/ al b prstw L sp
62 dp b pr stw c px sp63 dp b pr4stw px sp-6 dp Cy L sp/ai dp lt 1 sp
Chromosome 3
72 M(3)y th st pP cu Ubx/T(2;3)Mé73 M(3)y th st pP Sb/Gl th st pP Ubx74 MP)Y th st pP Ubx/Gl Sb75 p cu76 rt h th st ca In(3R)LVM/In(3L)LVM sr
eS ca
77 ru h th st cu sr eS ca/Ins(3L&3R)LVM ca78 ru h th st Sb Ubx ca/ru h th st
In( 3R) LVM ca79 ru h th st Sb Ubx ca/Ins( 3L&3R)LVM ca80 st in ri pP81 th Sb Ubx/th st pP cu82 th st pP cu83 th st pP cu Sb Ubx/th st pP cu84 th st Sb Ubx/ pP
65 cd59 Mul tichramosomal66 M(3)y Gl/ st in ri pP Sb Ubx67 M(3)y gl In(3R)LVM/st in ri pP Sb Ubx 85 b pr stw c; cd59 5068 M(3)y Gl In(3R)LVM/th st Sb Ubx 86 b pr s5S c sp; cd69 M(3)y Gl st/ st Sb Ubx 87 sp; cd70 M(3)y Gl th stIth st Sb Ubx 88 stw; th st pP cu71 M(3)y th st pP cu Ubx/Gl Sb
January 1963 Melanogaster - stocks - Chicago 37:23
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
Wild type
Note: Only stocks not commonly carried in other laboratories are listed.
1 Chicago wild type
Chromosome 1
2 Bx3 ma-l3 fu57a/FM14 l(1)J1, scJ1/Del(1)24
5 li26 sClOEl7 sc 59g15Hw8 sc zl9 sc zm
10 sc z 111 we bb /y f:=
e12 y ac br pn w spl13 y ac z ec cta14 y z
Chromosome 2
D15 bW7516 bW8117 bwS_ 2 4 218 b~ /Cy c~4 L sp19 In(2R)bwVm3, Cy/al dp b Bl c px sp20 In(2LR)lt2921 T( 2; 3)1 tm22 pr ltd
Chromosome 3
23 C3G24 ru h th st cu sr eS ca
Chromosome 4
25 spaCat/ciD
Inversion-X
26 In(1)AM/M(1)o f27 In(1)AM, y f28 In(1)EN, y/y f60.2 329 in(1)rs~3, y w4 i 9 rst acar bb30 In(1)sc ~ y gc f v4cv w /~ 831 Ins(1)sc4 sc , y sE f v cv sc /y f:=32 Ins(1)sc EN, y sc car y/y f:=33 In(1)sc¿ 834 In(1)sc9, sc935 In( 1) sC2~O~I4 Bxf t wa36 In(1)sc sf 8 S1 a 837 Ins(1)sc sc, y sc car m w sc /
In( 1)dJ-49, y w lzs
Vi / 8 31d38 In p(1)sc 8 v Ins(1)sc dl-49, yv f B4sc
39 In(1)w~ 440 In(1)y, y
Deficiencies - Duplications - X Chromosomes
41 w-59k13 ~P4. Dp(1;3)wVco42 Df(t6~25 - 5, y w- spl dm; Dp(1;3)w ~ _ Vco43 Df(1)w 51b1 y w ; Dpj1;3)w /Yw f44 Dp(1;2R6w ; y w rst ~O45 Dp(1)w ~g44béYS w y.y~L /~46 Dp(1;3)wß -5 a/+; y w f yL.ys/
D f1~3/ ~e m2l4- 58a +/ + S47 p , LW + ' Su-V Su-V; Ywy.y Y I~
48 Dp(i;3)wf26~a, Su-V/Su-V; yS wy.yLY /~L 449 yS y B.y /~/O with scJ
Reversed Acrocentrogenic
50 BS.sc8/Ins(1)sc7 AM
Ring-X
51 xci, y/sc8.y/y v f car52 Xc2, Y cv v f car
Reversed Ring
53 RR, Y v f carl sc8.y/y cv v f car.yL
Reversed Acrocentric
854 RA, Y ac sc pn --In( 1~sc(C.0.J-3) y- ac- sc wa f/sc8.y, y
X with Y Fragments Attached
55 F~1, ySaY aV E fLy ~:= S156 y su-w w y.y B /Ins(1)sc
dl-4~, v L57 y Hw.y y+/yC /y wa:=
Attached X-yj no free Y
2 a a L S/'T hh /58 Y su-wL ~s y.y ~o59 y w f Y . y- / a / ~
Al tered Complete Y' s
S60 B S/y f:=¿y v 461 sc .Y, y5 e ac5 eiy v; bw
37:24 Melanogaster - Stocks - Chicago DIS 37
c1 cdc2 cuc3 e3c4 ec5 g13c6 hc7 jvc8 jvl 2c9 ri sbd e
ciO ruc11 rug jv se byc12 sec13 ssc14 stc15 st ssr e ro ca
Chromosome 4
d1 .361c~ Rd2 cl eyd3 ey
Chromosomes 1,2
e1y2 v f; bw
+ / a62 Y w .to Y w63 YC.bw /y v (MYR); bw
l Fragments
cS + + 2 L64 Ys :2w bE /g B'Y /y v; bw65 YS/g+ B.l /y f:L66 Ys:y+ bb+-5/B2Y /~67 YS:y+ bb+-6/g2 B.Yt/y v bb; bw68 YS:ys bb -7~g LB'Y /~69 Ys'Ys/sc sc .y /~70 Y vI ~2/y v f'Y-/r f:=71 sc .y /y v f bb'Y /y f:=
LY FragmentsL/ a 6 S/72 sCšI r ac w c~ .f.X y f:=
73 scL. Y ~2/y §t f. yo /~74 yC /y ct f.Y /y wa:=
CLEVELND, OHIO:
Chromosome 1
a1 B
a2 eca3 ec dxa4 f BB/y f:=a5 m
a6 sc cv v eq6a7 sc z ec cta8 sn3a9 v
a10 v f BB
a11 wsn3a12 y w spl
Chromosome 2
b1 al b pr stw c
b2 bb3 b cn c bwb4 b dpb5 clb6 cnb7 cn bwb8 dpb9 ho
b10 ltdb11 netb12 pr
b13 vg
Chromosome 3
L 6 S75 YcL13/y ct 6f'Y §~; bw76 Y -15/y ct f.Y Iy~b; bw
l-lul tichromosomal
77 In(3LR) Ubx130 ! Ubx130 eS /Xa 2
78 SM1, al Cy sp /in(~LR)12jodS: sp ;Ins(3LP,3RC)Èb ~ /Ubx e
79 Su-V' yS w y.y y /Y!~80 y/ scß.y; ru h th st P cu sr eS81 w; Cy/Pm; C~/Sb, I~(3R)M~30 s82 y; In53A, al Cy sp ; Ubx e /Xa83 y w; Su-V L84 ~/Y~ f ¥.y 2+; sEn85 Y: y bb -7/g B'Y /~;Cy/Pm; Cxd/Sb,
In(lR)M~ L86 yS: y bb -5/+/B.Y ; Cy/Pm; CxD/Sb,
In(3R)Mo -
WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
Chromosomes 2, 3
f1 bw; stf2 cn bw; ef3 cn; maf4 dp; ef5 net; g13 2f6 Pm, dp, b/Cy, sp ;
Sb/D, CxF (ru h ca?)f7 pr; stChromosomes 2,4
g1 pr; Mal
Chromosomes 1,2,3
hi v; bw; e
Chromosomes 1,2,3,4
"1 b "Rl y; w; e; Cl ey
Others
j1 + +j2 Canton-S
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Cold Spring Harbor 37:25
COLD SPRING HARBOR, NEW YORK: CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
Note: Stocks are maintained primarily for distribution to students and teachers in-terested in performing the experiments outlined in Drosophila Guide, by M. Demerecand B. P. Kaufmann, published by Carnegie Institution of Washington (7th edition, 1960).
Wild Stocks *
21 Canton-S2 Oregon-R 23 Oregon-R-lL (from East Lansing)4 Swedish-b
*Superscript numerals refer to successive subcultures (e.g., the eight for Sw-b)from a single pair whose F 1 progeny were examined cytologically to determine absenceof gross chromosomal aberrations.
Chromosome 1
5 B
6 bi6
v g37 ec ct68 ec ct v g3/ClB9 f H
10 fw hL11 m
12 v13 w14 w m f15 w2m !/ClB16 Y2 wa cv v f B
17 Y2 wa spl18 y w spl bi
Mul tichromosomal
31 Ins (2LR)Cy/Pm1 '2ds33k; H/In(3R)Cl Sb32 Ins(2t~óSMl, al Cy sp2/Pm2,
Ubx e /Sb R33 u; bw; e; ci tt34 y; bw; e; ci eyInversions
3536
*
In(1)A9~~ 8In(1)sc BInS wa sc (Muller-5)In(1)ClB (8,15)In(1)rst3, y rst3 car bbIns(2LR)Cy/L; ~Ins ~2LR) SM1, al Cy sp2 /Pm2; Ubx130
e /Sb (32)In( 3L)peSs.pP by Sb Pl/In(3R)C, 1(3)a (26)
3738
*
Chromosome 2
19 bw20 dp21 c222 L523 L24 vg
39*
Transloca tions
40 T~2;3isM Cy~Vgnw a a41 Y X. Y , +/y su-w w bb; Ore-R autosomes
Chromosome 3
Closed-X
42 Xc2
~g ;p by SbSpi/In(3R)C, 1(3)a27 se28 se ss29 st
Attached-X
* fwHhL (10) 2* ySX.yL, +/y su_wa wa bb;
Ore-R autosomesR( 41)* U; bw; e; ci ey (33)Chromosome 4
302ey
37:26 Melanogaster - stocks - DeKalb
DeKALB, ILLINOIS: NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
A Several DDT resistant and sensi ti ve lines.B Several wild type lines from Wisconsin and Illinois.
Wild Stocks
DETROIT, MICHIGAN: WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY
202 c2 bw 2203 L /Cy sp204 net b cn bw205 vg
1 Oregon-R2 Stephenville
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 3
301 Gl Sb/LVMs
302 h th3st pP cu sr e303 Ly/D304 Ly Sb/LVM
s305 ru h th st cu sr e ca306 se
101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120
Basc/f:=B car/y f:=B In( 1)AB/y f: =cardm/y f:=dpf B/y f:=f B Bx/y f:=f od carfuiz3/y f:=swtu,a:hyJ dIY f:=y3 /br ec tu-1
y ac wy ac w/y f:=y wamy w cv v m f cary wa cv v m f car/y f:= S L601 ~qX.YL' v f B/b~ ec tu-1
602 Y-X.Y, v f B/y su-wa wa bb
Mul tichromosomal
R401 y f:=; b~; e; ey402 L2/Cy sp ; Ly Sb/D3
Transloca tions
501 T(1;3)Dinty/y f:=502 T(1;3)05.D/y f:=
Attached X with no free Y
Chromosome 2
201 bw
DUARTE, CALIFORNIA: CITY OF HOPE MEICAL CENTER
CO2 sensi ti vi ty stocks.
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA: UNIVERSITY OF NERASKADepartment of Zoology & Physiology
Extrachromosomal
Virus-caused CO2 sensi ti ve1 Oregon-R2 Nebraska3 Texas
DIS 37
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - New Brunswick 37:27
NEW BRUNS\\TICK, NE JERSEY: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITYDepartment of Zoology
Wild Stocks
Inbred Temperature Lines8 lines inbred at 26° C.
3 lines inbred at 22° C.7 lines inbred at 18° C.
1 Ames2 Amherst3 Carolina4 Florida5 Iowa6 Oregon7 Swedish
for 176 to 190 sib generationsfor 120 to 140 sib generationsfor 88 to 100 sib generations
29 dp pr px/ Cy pr30 ho31 net32 vg
Chromosome 1
Chromosome 3
33 e434 gl35 ru36 ru h st eS37 S ab ltd sr/ltd38 se39 st40 tx
8 BS1 8
9 Basc (Muller-5) : sc BIns wa sc10 dy11 ~12 mD
31d 813 m /FM3, y sc dm B 114 v15 w16 e
w18 y19 y cv v f20 Y w sn21 y w spl
Chromosome 4
41 ey
Mul tichromosomal
Chromosome 2
42 b pr st43 bw st44 dp cl e45 e §l a 8 246 sc B ~S w sc ; ~~~ SM1, al 130
'~ sp /dp b Pm ds , C Sb/Ubxe ; POt
47 w; vg; e ; ey
/ 2 v 222 abr SM5, al Cy lt sp23 al dp24 b pr c25 b vg26 bw27 dp28 dp b cn mr/Cy
Attached-X
48 iJ cv v f /Basc49 w m Bx
OXFORD, OHIO: MIAI UNIVRSIT
Chromosome 1 4 ma-l6 25 y ct ras f6 y mn6f7 y ct ma-l
1 w2 Muller-53 Bx3 ma-l
37:28 Melanogaster - stocks - Pittsburgh DIS 37
PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA: UNIVERSIT OF PITTSBURGHDepartment of Biological Sciences
Wild Stocks
1 Canton-S2 Oregon-R (isogenic)3 Samarkand
Chromosome 1
100101102103104106107108109110111112113114115
116
B 6 3cm ct sndor & y f:=f5Hw 49c f5 / ClB
Hw 49c snJ / ClB
M(1)n/FM6ww m f
yyac v 4y f:= & Hw49C f5y f:: & Hw 9c sa~ 2 4y f.- & In(1)gtL ' y HW8~ g
Y Hwètns~1) sc 8 ' s, scsc 3w B sc
Y w sn
Chromosome 2
200201202203204
albbw2sp 3 4 33kal2 Cy 1 t L s~/Pm, dsal Cy pr Bl cn InCyR c vg
sp/InsNS px spal dp b pral d~ b pr ~l c px sp/SM1,al Cy sp
al dp b P2 cn vg3c a px2bw4mr sp/S Cy lt Bl cn L sp
al dp b pr lt stw c sp/al Cypr stw c sp
cnDf 42/ SM1, al 2 Cy sp2dpdE cn bwL 2 2MS4/SM1, a12 Cy sP2MS8/SM1, al 2Cy spMS10/SM1, al Cy sp2netnet bw sp
205206
207
208
209210211212213214215216217218
219 pr220 pr 18 px sp221 rl a/Pm222 vg
Chromosome 3
301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316
ehM(3)36e/In(3R)C, l(3)eM(3)4~130/Payne, D£d caM(3)B /In(3R)C, Sb e l(3)eM(3)w/In(3R)C, e l(3)eM( 3)y/MéM(3)y Gl/Inv LVMM(3)y Sb/Inv LVMru h eS
sru h1rh st cu sr e case esSa_40assst 130Ubx , eS /Sb
Mul tichromosomal
500
501502503504505
al 2 Cy lt3 L4 sp/Pm, ds33k; Ubx130,eS /Sb
bw. stbwt5; stcn bw; ecn bw; ri e 31d 8Ext/Ins FM4, 2 . sC2 dm B; 130
Ins SM1, al Cy sp /Sp; UbxeS /Sb; pol 31d 8l(1)55a BIIns2FM4, Y2 sc dm Bi30
Ins SM1, al Cy sp /Sp; Sb/Ubxse ; pol 2 2
l(§i55i/S~1, al 8Cy sp ; pol 2sc 2B In wa sC3;kIns SM1, at30Cys~ /dp b Pm ds ; C Sb/Ubxe ; 1~olvg;.~ 31d 8 .
Y f.- & Ins ~4, y sc dm B, 1 aIns SM1, al Cy sp2/Sp; Sb/Ubx 3
se ; pol
506
507508
509510
Transloca tions
600 M(3)S34/T(2;3)Mé601 y v; T(2;3)Xa/101
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Australia
AUSTRALIA
37:29
Sydney. New South Wales: University of Sydney. Department of Animal Husbandry.
Wild Stocks 3 w 8 b j4 In rst3 9 sca
3 strains from Victoria 10 vgChromosome 2
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 35 net
111 y 2 6 b 11 e2 pn 7 j
Wild Stocks Chromosome 2
Sydney. New South Wales: The Uni versi ty of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture
1 Oregon-R-C 10 dp11 b j12 vg pr13 dp b j pr14 al dp d b c px spICy sp
Chromosome 1
2 w
3 B4 w f
5 y w6 y we
7 sc cv v8 ct v f
9 sc cv v f
Chromosome 3
15 eS16 e1117 sli18 e wo ro
BELGIU
Chromosome 4
19 ci eyR
Mul tichromosomal
20 bw;st21 dp; e22 v;bw
Special Stocks
23 Pr/In (eR) 124 wf/ClB25 y/B
Inbred Temperature Lines
Louvain: The University, Agricultural Institute, Laboratory of General Genetics
1 line raised at 25°C for 60 generations (Abeele - Belgium).3 lines raised at 18° _20° C for 70 generations (Gabarros - Spain).2 lines raised at 25°_26°c for 170-175 generations.
3 lines raised at 21° _22° C for 140-150 generations.4 lines raised at 18°C for 90-100 generations.
Note: The last three items came originally from Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology,Pennsylvania, State University (see DIS 34).
Wild Stocks Chromosome 12stw
vgAbeele (Belgium) Muller-5Canton-S w Chromosome 3Gabarros (Spain)Swedish-B Chromosome 2 bvWatou (Belgium) caOregon Bw cp in ri pP
fes cn 'o/cy eho jvsc~ risp /b12 ro
ro veh th st cu sru sr eca(rucuca)jv h Hn th st cu sve sr ero ca (vecuroca)
ve jv Hn h
Mul tichromosomal
Muiierz5; ri eri;stww;ri
37:30 Melanogaster - stocks - Chile DIS 37
CHILE
Santiago: Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Biología "Juan Noé",Cátedra de Biologla, ZaWartu 1042.
Wild Stocks 6 mYS1 14 bv g Chromosome 4InS a 15 bw7 sc ~ w
ey21 Oregon R-c sc 16 d~ 23
2 Rapel 8 v 17 L
3 Santiago 9 w 18 L2/Cy Mul tichromosomal
4 Swedish free 10 w m f 19 vg 11of inv. 11 y B 24 dp;e
12 y Chromosome 3 25 w vg
Chromosome 1 11Chromosome 2 20 e
5 B 21 se13 b 22 st
DENMRK
Copenhagen: Uni versi ty of Copenhagen, Institute of Genetics
Wild Stocks 14 B v 26 e15 y f:=& ~ su-f 27 e ro
1 Oregon-R2 Wisconsin- 3 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 4
3 Wisconsin-4 D4 Holte(Denmark) 16 bw 28 ey5 B~t~(Denmark) 17 b cn vg6 Sams~(Denmark) 18 vg Mul tichromosomal
19 Cy/PmChromosome 1 20 cn 29 cn bw;e
36f30 v;cn; st
7 y v Chromosome 3 31 vg;st8 B2 51c 2
132 B;st
9 y ~u 1 -36ras v f 21 st 33 B;cn10 22 h st pP s
34 bw;stras v v m f ru ss e11 Muller-5 23 h th st pP s
35 v;bwru cu sr e
12 w m f 24 h th st s36 v;Cy/Pmru cu sr e ca
13 ec ct v f 25 ro 37 v;cn
FINLAND
Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Institute of Genetics
Note: Changes in the list in DIS- 36
Additions: Discarded or lost: Corrections:
Chromosome 2 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 1
ex _. bw Stock rb ex shouldbe rb cx
Chromosome 3
ss bx Su2-ss
Transloca tions
T(Y; 2)B/b cChromosome 2(Chromosome 3)
D3/Fayne belongs tochromosome 3
Transloca tions
T(2; 3)rn2L 2/ CyT(2; 3)rn /Mé, In L
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - France 37:31
FRANCE
Gif-sur-Yvette (Seine et Oise): Centre National de la Recherche Seientifigue,Laboratoire de Génétigue des Virus
Chromosome 1 12 y f:=/y Z we Chromosome 2 Chromosome 313 y v m f dl49
1 B 14 Y w 23 al 36 C3G2 car bb 15 Y w spl sn3 24 al dp b pr 37 D~xF~Dfd3 car od f 16 y wa cv v f 25 al dp b pr 38 ri p4 17 a
39 stcv Y2w spl rb c px sp5 cv v f 18 y su_wa bb/dl49 26 Bl L/Cy 40 th st cp6 rb g y w .lz/Y B S 27 b pr7 v 19 ~ y bw /y v bw 28 bw Chromosome 48 v f S1 20 -'Xjp E8N 1 29 en
29 Basc: ãc 8B InaY. sc Y 30 dp 41 eYD
.DS ~ sc 21 w 31 ~~4~ 42 eYR c~10 Xc2 t /yf:= 22 e
32 43w ey ci11 y f 33 L
34 Pm/Cy35 Tft/Cy
Mul tichromosomal
44 Cy/Pm; H/Sb454647484950
cv; ecv v f; .~ Lsc w B.~ /yf:=/sc Y ;(sifter) S Sp P- T23,T23E/CyRv f; e
Cy In/S Sp ab2 ltdInsCXF/SM1, ai2 Cy; Dl He pi
GERMNY
Berlin-Buch: Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Institut fUrexperimentelle Krebsforschung, Genetische Abteilung, Lindenberger Weg 70
Wild Stocks 18 sc ec ct Chromosome 219 spl
1 normal (Berlin wild) 20 m 39~vlp2 normal (England) 21 B 40
22 car bb Y; bb 41 b2cn vgChromosome 1 23 v 42 L ICy 2
24 cv 43 S Sp ab ltd/NS px sp3 w 25 car 44 b pr vg4 wbrn3 26 fan 45 vg5 w 27 ct 46 bw cn6 e
28 if ~w~ 47 al spw2co
7 wm4 sn 29 if x8 w 30 ifli i/+ Chromosome 3a9 gt w 31 ifli YB
1110 Y303 32 v/ClB 48 e11 y 33 y w/C:iB 49 st12 y w 34 we bb jClB 50 pp13 y pn 35 1?sî-49, YaHw ~ lzs 51 Dfdr-L14 y w bb 2 2 36 52 ru h st Dfd pP ssCSi InS w ãc 8 ss e15 y fa wy g 37 sc BInS w se 53 ri16 sc 38 sc ec ct v g 54
ass17 sc rb cv
55 jv se
Chromosome 4
562ey
37:32
Mul tichromosomal
Melanogaster - Stocks - Germany DIS 37
57 Bíî wa /w; Cy58 e ; 1yg59 w; e60 cn; ss61 v; bw62 w~. ss 8 3P 2 3 2 1 363 y i f! Ia9R. y ; al Gy lt sp / dp b Pm ; ru h D In-CxF cal Sb In( 3R)64 se e tu65 tug
Berlin-Dahlem: Institut für Genetik der Freien Universität Berlin
Wild Stocks
1
2Berlin wildEngland
Chromosome 1
3 B4 ClB/+5 car6 cv7 f8 fan a9 gt w10 In( 1)dl-49,
v f car:=11 1(1)7/dl-49,12131415
40ty-1 bbl/y 41
42sY Hw w lz 43
44454647
m
sc ec ctsc ec ct v g f 2sc ec cVl ct v s fcar bb /C1B
16 sCSrb cv 817 SCSi InS B wasc 818 SCSi InS Baw 8c19 sc InS w sc20 spl21 v22 wa23 wbf24 we25 wm426 w27 w sn328 co 2wch sn29 w wy
30 wy31 sc ec ct v g f/ClB32 Y cv v f33 y cv v 2/C~B34 y fa wy g35 y pn36 y w37 y w f:=/+38 y v g f B/y y:=39 y y:=/+
Chromosome 2
al dpb cn vgb pr vg
~/Gy 65S Sp ab2 ltd/NS px sptugvg
Chromosome 3
48 Df(-L49 e50 jv se51 ri525354
ru h st Dfd pP ss eSstTu
Chromosome 4
55 btD /ciD
56 ci eyR R57 ci2gvl ey58 ey
nsv
Mul tichromosomal
59 Bld wa /w; Cy60 cn; 11 49h61 se e 1i tu62 v§i e 8 3P 263 y 3sc 2InS y ; 1al Gy
lj sp /dp b Pm ; ru hD InCXF ca/Sb In(3R)
64 y f:=; bw; e; pol
Altered Y
Mulñi ¿:sc8. Y/y In4B B;
bw ~ and y f:=; bw e¡66 Multi ~:X.Y InLEN y;sst67 SterilizSr +:Y c/x.y ¿and X.Y e¡ L68 Ster~lizer cn bw; e:Y C/
X.~; cn bw; e e¡
Selected for DDT-resista~
69 Berlin wild, DDT-resistant 1
70 Berlin wild, DDT-resistant 2
Unanalyzed
71 CO2-sensi ti ve
Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 10: Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum
Stock list remains the same as in DIS: 36: 21 except for the following addition:
15 y2sc wa ec/FM4,y31d sc8 dm B; bw; ss; ey
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Germany 37: 33
Heidelberg: Zoologisches Insti tut der Uni versi tät
Wild Stocks Chromosome 2 Chromosome J Mul tichromosomal
511
1 Oregon-R-C 2 b e7 bh se
3 b vg6 se 8 e11; vg
4 vg 9 e ; vg; W
Mariensee: Max-Planck-Institut für Tierzucht und Tierernährung
Stock-list: (reduced) e Chromosome 3wa wwbf alm
Wild Stocks wBwx g13wch Chromosome 2 gl
Berlin wco 2ru
wcoisn cl roChromosome 1 wh S/2y, E-S Dfdr-L
Wsat poB 37h wt L Chromosome 4lZ3 wlz eYR
ey
Tübingen: Max-Planck- Insti tut für Biologie
Note: Changes in the list in DIS-36
No longer kept in culture: 1,3,16, 19,21,22.
New Stocks Corrections3 L V1- -~q28 y ë7 L sc W. r &rJ _..
29 sLc.y /g ac sc ct v f.r
30 y /x.y
6121314
Df(1)bb In(1)bb-, y s12 bb-/sc8 bb wawl; 1 e 1 _..t 1we bbi/w 8bb ; r , bb & bb /Y (extra Y's)w bb /sc bb w
FRANCE
Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin): Laboratoire de Zoologie
Wild Stocks Chromosome 2 Chromosome 4
Ore-R-C cn eyCy/Pm; H/SbC
Chromosome 1 Mul tichromoscmalChromosome 3
B vg; cnv DcxF/Dfd w; ew e y; ey se
se e
GRET BRITAIN
Birmingham, England: University of Birmingham, Department of Genetics
Collected stocks: 1-7
Massed after inbreeding: 8-13
Inbred for 15-600 generations: 14-18
37:34 Melanogaster - Stocks - Great Bri tain DIS 37
Chromosome 1 32 b pr 44 st 53 Mé Sb e/He33 b pr vg 45 st pP 54 Cy L/Pm; HjSb
19 car 34 bw 55 Xa20 m 35 c Chromosome 421 s 36 cn
2Attached-X
22 v 37 Cy/al dp b pr c 46 ey23 w px sp 56 -: x W24 w m B 38 Cl!/Bl L 2 Mul tichromosomal 57 -: x ec ct scar25 a
39w L26 a
40 47 v; bw Chromosome Yw v pr27 y 41 vg 48 vg; st pP
X. yL/yS28 Y v f 49 w; vg; e2 58
29 Y2w 2 2Chromosome 3 50 vg; st pP; ey
30 y wy g Deficiencies42 cu Rearrangements
df(1)~61-105 /Chromosome 2 43 ru h th st sr 59s ClB/+ 2 2e ca 51 dl-49, Y Hw m g31 b 52 Muller-5/+
Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge, Department of Genetics, Milton Road
Note: Only stocks not generally available in this country are listed.
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 2 8 cu Kar9 h ri10 Mé/Sb11 th ri Kar12 th st cp Sb13 ve h eyg cp
1 flP22 ptg23 ras4 y f car
5 al d~ b pr c px sp6 CyL/db
Chromosome 3
7 by cu
Edinburgh, Scotland: Institute of Anial Genetics
Wild Stocks 8 HW49c /FM1 31d 8 aChromosome 2y sc ws '
JZ B 2Gabarros 9 lz jy f.= 1 ab b e spKaduna 10 m 2 2 al dp b pr c px spRenfrew 11 pn 2 3 al riPacific 12 ras f 4 al4dp b pr Bl c px sp/SM1são Paulo 13 sCSi ec cv c~
8 5 aP4/Rvd 2 v214 SCSi B InSaw- gC 6 ap /SM5 al Cy It sp
Inbred Lines 15 sc3 InS W sc 7 b cn vg16 sn 6 8 bw
Edinburgh 17 sn3a/yf.= 9 bw stGabarros 18 spl 10 bw vgOregon-R 19 tw 11 cg c/UPacific 20 v 12 chPobla de Lillet 21 v g f 13 cn
22 w 14 Cy/Bl L2Chromosome 1 23 w m 15 cn PK
24 w sn3 16 Cy L /Pm 2 v 21 B 25 w sn B
8 17 d/SM5, al 2y lt ~p 22 ClB/fu 26 y In49asc 18 d b/SM5, al Cy lt sp3 ClB/sc v f car ~7 y sc w B/w In49 19 dp4 ClB/w sn 28 y w 2 20 dp b cnbw5 ct v g 29 y w bb 21 dp cn bn6 fa 30 27 Y w sn 22 dp sp7 fwd
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Great Britain 37:35
23 ds ~ G ~ pr/Cy ai2 lt3 12~ sp 1324 ds / In( 2L) Cy-t, Su-S 14
~~~ pr 2 1525 dS2 /Cy(2L), 2P . b pr26 ex ~/S~5, al Cy
It sp27 net 33k28 px bw mr sp/Pm, ds29 S/2y, ~n-S30 sp bs 2 231 Sp/SH5, al Cy ltV sp 132 stw4 233 stw 8 blt tuf 334 tuf ltd 4)5 vg
Chromosome 3
1
2345678910
appca bvcv-ce 2 4gl eGl Sb/D InCxFMé/HPc/TM1, Mé riru h th st buru h th st cu
ca/T( 2; 3)Mérug jv se by
Sb Ubx/Xase app sse ss k e rost
Chromosome 4
12
ey
56
345lz3 & y f.= 6
m f car & y v f.= 7sc ct v f car & y v f.= 8sc ec cv ct v f car & 9y v f.= 10sCSrb ct m &aY Ye= 11sc BInS w sc
& Y v f.=w & Y w f.= S1w lZa In4g & sc B InS
wS1sc ¡= 8y sc B In49 sc &
y f.=
Attached X
78
9
Y ChromosomePdr.. (593)
sr eS ca 1sr eS Pr 2
3411
s/ Lf.Y St.Y & y w f.=ft:'ys/ysc .i/YSB & y f.=X.Y /Y & f.=
56
L SY Ix. Y L SY v f. Y /Y & f. =
Mul tichromosomal
1
2+ & Y v f.=; dp e+ & Y v f.=; dp bw;
spppbw; ebw; stcu bw; 2Cy/Bl L ; D/LVMCy/Pm; Mé/H
dp~1e a 8sCSi InS wa sc8; dp; esCSi InS wa sc8; vg; esc InS w 2sC
S1 Cy/Bl L12 sc ~AY.=; ~w; e; ey13 v; bw /Bl L14 v; st. VA 215 v & y v f. =; bw / Bl16 vg; e17 w; b~1 818 Y sc 2In49 sc ; Cy/
Blst19 Y sCSi In4920 y sc In49bWS1 821 Y Sz In49 sc ; Cy/Bl
L
8sc8; bw; stsc ; dp b cn
Wild Stocks
Edinburgh, Scotland: Poultry Research Centre
Mul tichromosomal
Oregon-R (inbred)Oregon-S (inbred)Oregon-K (inbred)Wild Edinburgh (inbred)Nettlebed (inbred)
Pacific (inbred)Crianlarich 10 (inbred)
Chromosome 2
Antennaless
su-er tR bw; st er su tuant; eYKtu ; eytu bw; TM3/Sb
Keele.. Staffordshire, England: University of Keele
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3 Mul tichromosomal
B al dp b pr c px sp e bw; stm bw se f. vg,Mul~er-S; cn ve vg; seras Cy/+v dp b cn bw Chromosome 4 Attached-Xw vg
Ravg bw ci ey w & y w f:=w
w m B
y
37:36 Melanogaster ~ stocks - Great Britain DIS 37
Leicester, England: The University of Leicester, Department of Zoology
Stock List cn bwbl
wy fvg w
aCy/L Bl vg w w m f/Cl B
w dfJ v M-5 2 4bw P w Df( 1) N8 / dl-49 y Hw m gcn st y w +(Oregon K)
Wild Stocks
London, England: Uni versi ty College London, Department of Zoology
Chromosome 3blwe2 wy fwm4ww sin By and 0ßiPt y pr shifyand w wy f
Kenya (inversion on X)Oregon
Chromosome 1
BB3
~Š/dl-49ras fvwaw m
Chromosome 2
4g
2Y Hw m bw
cncn bwhopt/Cyvg
MC/SbSb ssassassstve ave ss
Mul tichromosomal
v; bw
Wild Stocks
Manchester, England: Paterson Research Laboratories, Christie Hospital
sc ec cv ct v g/y Hw mg delta 49
C1B/ sc v f car
sc ec cvct v g
Birmingham
Inbred Lines (numberof generations in brackets)
Chromosome 2Oregon v (205)b pr Ci03)
Chromosome 1
b pr vg dp b cn bw
Cy .f¡¡l sp b pr c px spdp Cy cn bw/S Sp cn bw
v/y v f carMuller-5
GREECE
Th 2dp Cy, In-L pr cn In-CyR-O/Ins-NSL Ins NSR pxsp (Cy Oster)
Chromosome 3
MC/Sb
Multiple
dp; eCyv1/Pm; ~/Sbbw /W L ; 2tv; bw /Bl L
Votanicos, Athens: College of Agriculture, Department of Genetics
10 strains with many recessive or dominant mutations for students' work.Muller 5 2 130SM1, al Cy sp/In(2LR) or ds rP s; In(dLR'83RC) Sb eS /Ubx e~H41 (Lafayette, Indiana) scs B Il~Ow ssc ; Ins SM1, al Cy sp /dp b Pm ds33k; C Sb/
Ubx e; pol/polwild strains from Creta (10 from Yofyrakia, 5 from Nerokourou)
CyprusAthensPoros
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - India 37:37
INDIA
Hyderabad: Osmania Uni versi ty. Radiation Genetics ProjectAided by Department of Atomic Energy, Governent of India
Wild Stocks
Ai Oregon-KA2 Hydera bad
Chromosome 1
B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9B10B11B12B13B14B15B16B17
B S1 a 8sCSi InS w ~c 8sc BInS w sc (Muller-5)ClB/ sc v f car
wawblwcowewhwiwsatw
y S1 8y sc IgS sc 8f BB51sc (¿¿)8Y f:= sc y(~~)y sc InS sc rl (Ro$led3uP wang)y ac sc pn N1 rb cm cta sn8 ras v mg f car/sc BInS w sc
D5 stD6 LY~D3D7 Dl /In(3R)C, eD8 Sc (scooped wing)
Chromosome 4
E1 ç:i eyE2 ey
Mul tichromosomal
F1 bw; st 2F2 Cy BS1L ;/D/L~F3 Y sCSi In49 sc8; bw st 2F4 y 81 In49 aC ;8Cy/Bl L 2 2F5 sc B InS w sc ; 1 45/SM1 al Cy sp
(5145: che~calèY induced let2al) 2F6 sc B InS w sc; 1 45/SM1 al Cy sp ;
eSfl 45: chemically induced lethal)F7 sg & y:= bw. e' eyb/ va/' ~F8 Y v;2bw B~ L 2F9 SM1 al Cy sp /In (2LR) l93 dsw sp ;
In(3LR; 3RC) Sb eS /Ubx eS
Closed X Chromosome
C1
C2C3
C4C5c6C7C8C9
Cia
G1 xc2/scS1al sp b pr c px/ Cy pr 2 4 2al dp b pr c px sp/al Cy lt3 L s~ X Chromosome With Y Arm Attachedal dp b ~r c!j vg c ~ Ptt bw2mr sp/S _~q __T,C
Cy lt pr Bl cn L sp (Twelvepl)H1 X.Y:/Y- Sal S ast ho/Cy, En-S H2 x.YS (Muller); y w.Y !~yLb cn bW2Cy/Bl Ldpdp bbwdp b cn bw
K1
K2
K3
Attached X Chromosome
Ii scsrc cv ct X f Bar & y v f:=I2 s82 B InS s, sc & Y v f:=I3 X v f & y:=I4 iz57J & y:=
Attached XY Chromosome (no free Y)
J1 X !l.~ (113-117 Parker); y2 su_wa wa
2l-.Y-~/OL +ri J2 y su-w ~.y Y & Y v bb.=
+ / J1(+) _M1 S1 2 2 3("Ma~") lJ1 .y lJ1 sc 8 In49 ptg oc .i- /y sc car odsy f g dy v ras snct cm rb ec+w pn 1 scJ1(+) _M1 S1 2 2(IIMa:r-vg) lJ1 . Y/lJ1 sc 8 In49 v ptg oc .s- /y sc car odsy f g dy v rassn ct cm ~b ec w pn 1 sc 2 8 3 6 2("Max-¿U") sc .Y/l (y ac)- Tu B In49 snx sc /y ac pn w rb cm sn. ct oc ras v~ g f od car sw n
K4 (II c til) Y/ t. -~q & __Lc/y cti oc ptg carx2,_snoc y oc p g r y- t I I 49 ¡-~y c , n n sn
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 3
D1
D2D3D4
eGl Sb/Dru h thru h th
InCXFst cu sr eS ca (rucuca)st cu sr eS pr ca/TM1 Mé
Altered Y with Mutants in X and/or Autosomes
37:38 Melanogaster - Stocks - India
K5
K6
_ic _~. S Lc y ctn oc ptg car("r snocty; bw") r-/oc ptg.Y & Y / 1 x2).; bw8 S 2 i 6 Y ct , In In49 sns.c .Y.B /y w ct & y f:=
Modified Y
L1 ~S__BSL2 Y Y- 8L3 y 1 259 w mf/sc .Y
yS Fragments
M1 yS/g2 B. yL/y f:=
Sterilizer Stocks ("SZ")
N1 "SZ" + (X.yS) yLcN2 "~Z" yLC/' Lc/ 2N3 Y Y sn oc ptg. Y Y Ml SL
oc ptg B / sc In49x2sn
Deficiencies and Multiple Inversions
01 InS(l) sc8t1 dl49'8RcSlR y21d Baf v8(Biny Oakridge)02 InS(l), sc , S sc , y sc B w sc
Autosomal lethals
8sc . (New facl) 1959
1-100 chemically induced autosomal lethals on II chromosome +/Cy
Wild Stock Chromosome 2
New Deihi: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Botany
Oregon-K 1 vg2 Cy/Bl L23 bw4 cn bw
Chromosome 1
1 scSi BInS2 y v f (XX)3 ClB45 Y1 S1 I 49 8
o ; y sc n sc
a 8w sc Muller-5attached X Mul tichromosomal
1 bw st.
ISRAEL
Jerusalem: Hebrew Uni versi ty of Jerusalem
Wild Stocks
1 Berlin2 CantQn S3 Qiryat-Anavim inbred
4 isogenic stocks derived from wild populations in IsraelWild strain from Israel
Chromosome 1 9 Hw49c /Basc
10 lz£C1B1 Basc (Muller-5) 11 lz & y f:=2 B 12 m 24 B & y.= 13 pn5 f 14 rb cx v6 f B 15 sn 27 f2 yS/~ (Finland) 16 sc t v f6& Y fo-.-8 g 17 spl cm ct
18 v19 v g f20 v ras21 wa22 wa23 w v24 ewm-4000 ( .)25 wm-600 Pa~a26 w (Pavia)
DIS 37
January 1963 Melanogaster - Stocks - Israel 37:39
1 b cn2 bltbw3 b pr vg4 Bl2L/Cy26 bs5 bWD6 bw (Hinton)7 cl8 cn bw9 Cy/Pm10 Cy L/Pm11 dPT 2 +12 dp Sp cn bw sp/S (ls ) Cy, InL cn
~ sp (Bloomington¿13 dp ~p ITn InNS~ mr/S ls Cy pr Bl
tQ L bw Zp (Bloomington) -14 dp Sp cn/S CY't*~CyL cn17 fes ms b cn sp/dp Cy b pr Bl
(Bloomington) txI18 fes ~s c2 s~/ne~ dp .Cy b pr Bl
lt cn L sp (Bloomington19 lt bw txI 3 2 4 Not Located20 ms c2 bw/dp Cy pr Bl lt cn L
sp (Bloomingt~n) t I 1 D-like21 net bw ~r c2s/ ~l ~p x Cy InMisl pr 2 aristapedia-like
Bl lt cn L sp (Bloomington)22 pr23 pr vg 224 S fet Ip ms ta cn m2 cKs/ a~ Inisl
dp x Cy pr Bl cn L sp (Bloomington)5 second chromosome lethals balanced over Cy/L melanotichomozygous for a wild second chromosome
27 wm428 X. ~/~ (Birmingham)29 xr.r /'5 (Neuhaus) 330 ~M.r & sc vf.= 431 y- 532 y aC6sc pn s~ 633 y c~ /B.Y.sc & y f:= 834 y t sï f 8 935 y sc IB In49 sc & y 8:= ("Binscy") 1036 Y2scSl/B In49 ctn5 sc ("Binscty") 1237 y v f car 1338 y w39 y wa40 y wa41 y wa42 y w
v fspl & y f:=spl m & y f:=
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 3
Gl Sb/InLVM
PpPri pPsese esedstth st cp
Chromosome 4
12
ci2eyey
Mul tichromosomal
l; 2ab-1.ab-2.ab-3.
Bld wa/w; Cyv; bwy; Cy L/Pm
1;2; 3
abc-i. X.Y mE In49 y/+;(no free Y)
abc-2. y In49 v; bw; e
cn bw; e
2;3bc-1.bc-2.bc-3.bc-4.bc-5.bc-6.
bw; stcn bw; ri eCy L/Pm; H/SbCy/Pm; H/Sbfes ms cn sp/CyO;pr; st
h ri eS /Mé ri
2~3;4 Rbcd-1. bw; e; ci ey
tumor strain (e144)
ITALY
Milano: Universita' di Milano, Instituto di Genetica
Wild Stocks 3 Chieti-v4 Crkwenica5 Gaiano6 Jaslo o.c.
1 Berlino2 Canton-S
7 Moltrasio8 Oregon-R9 Pavia10 S. Maria
11 Suna12 Urbana13 Valdagno14 Varese
37:40
Chromosome 1
15 ct v f car16
n~-S
17 218 ptg19 sc ec ct v g f20 sd21 v22 a
wb123 w24 e
w25 y w26 a px sp27 ab 428 ast dp cl29 b cn vg
30 bltS31 blt32 bw ba33 c wt px
34 cn35 ft236 1137 net38 s0239 soc b cn40 So41 spt
Chromosome 3
42 cP343 gl44 mwh45 obt46 ri-s k e
sse ss ro
47 ru b st pPs
ss e48 ru49 ve
Melanogaster - Stocks - Italy DIS 37
Not Localized
51 tg (formerly abab 49)
Inversions
Chromosome 152 ClB/+ 2 453 ClB y /y Hw m g 2 454 l( 1)7/dl49 y Hw m g55 Mu11er-556 Muller-5/lozenge
Chromosome 257 Cy sp/Pm58 Cy E-S/S59 Cy pr¿d b60 Cy cn bw sp/Gla In LR61 Gia/ spd gt-4
Chromosome62 H Sb sr In( 3R) Mé63 ltr/Sb sr In(3R) Mé64 R Ly/In(3R)p, gm65 Mé ca/ru cu ca
Mul tichromosomal
66 Cy Lg1 sp/Pm; Hèsb sr In(3R) Mé67 y sc In49 sc ; bw; st pP
Deficiencies
68 Df(2) Px~ Df(2) ~x~, b~ sp/SMI, ai2 Cy sp269 Df(2) bw Df(2) ~ sp /Xa70 Df(2) Px Df(2) Px/Df(2)P; Dp(2; 3) P/In(3R) Mo,e
sr; w
71 Minute (2) Bridges
43 .50 px J 00; ru j v s e st ca
Special stocks
72 " +" yLc/x ySsz Lc. S73 "sz w" YL /w.Y74 "s§ e" Y c/x.YS & y v f.=; e75 sc.Y/yb¿&yf.=276 FM 3/wa v; tra/In(3LR) Ubx
Mul tichromosomal
Stoc ks selected for tumor manifestation
77 tu Ai78 tu B179 tu B3
80 tu C181 tu C282 tu C3
83 tu C484 tu C585 tu D
86 tu SoC87 tu Aspra
Naples: Uni versi ty of Naples, Institute of General Biology and Genetics
Wild Stocks Sciolze bf Chromosome 2wblw
Bisignano Chromosome 1co
b cn vgwe'Canton w. bw
Lecce Biwt cn
Oregon-R v w Cy/PmPavia w ClB/wblRoma
aw
January 1963
Chromosome 3
Dfd/Cx, DMc
Sbse
Melanogaster - Stocks - Italy
Mul tichromosomal Unanalyzed
w; vg Pm/1Sb/1undula ted wingsSpecial Stocks
A stock with a strong Pod effect
JAPAN
Wild Stocks
Sapporo: Hokkaido University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology
Mutants vgseMuller-5Cy
Seoul: Chungang Uni versi ty, Department of Biology
35 we bbl/ClB36 y37 y ac v 238 Y2sC mf39 y cv v ~40 M-5!Y sc y41 M-5/y ac sn3 cn
Oregon-RSapporo (3 strains)Otaru
Wild Stocks
1 Canton-S2 Daekwanryeong (Korea)3 Damyang (Korea)4 Heuksando-1 (Korea)5 Heuksando-2 (Korea)6 Kwangju-1 (Korea)7 Oregon-R8 Oregon-R-C9 Oregon-S10 Samarkand (Japan)11 Seoul-1 (Korea)12 Seoul-2 (Korea)13 Seoul-3 (Korea)14 Suwon (Korea)15 Swedish-C16 Yangdong (Korea)
Chromosome 1
17 B18 bo19 br320 Bx2122232425262728293031323334
cmecfargsc cv v eqsc cv v ftt2 v fvwawbf2wchwcolw
wvcn
KOREA
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 3
68 aa h69 bul70 ca71 cu72 D/Gl73 gl74 h75 jv76 p77 ra78 ro79 ru80 se81 se h82 ss83 st84 th
42 a px or43 a px sp44 ab45 al
246 al bc sp47 b48 b lt wxt bw49 b vg
50 bw51 bw ba
bw45a52 Bl/Cy,53 c54 c wt px
55 cl. 56 cn bw
57 Cy/Pm58 ex59 ho60 L461 L62 pd63 pr64 rh65 so66 vg67 wt
2 45asp or Chromosome 4
85 bt86 ci87 ci gvl bt88 ey
Mul tichromosomal
89 v; bw (1;2)90 w; vg (1;2)91 M-5, Cy/Pm; Sb/Ubx
(1 ;2; 3)
92 Cy/Pm; Sb/Ubx (2; 3)93 Cy/Pm; D/Bd (2; 3)94 vg ; s e ( 2 ; 3 )
37:41
37:42
Attached-X
95 k.y3d96 Y.tyDuplications
97 Dp (2; 3) S
Melanogaster - Stocks - Korea
Inversions
DIS 37
98 Vgnw Hia/SM5, ai2 Cy ltL sp299 VgU /Roi, bw sp or
Translo'ca tions
100 T (1 ;2) Bld/ClB D101 T (2; 3) Xa/Sb bx
Seoul: Seoul National University. College of Liberal Arts & SciencesDepartment of Zoology
Wild Stocks
Canton-SOregon-ROregon-SSeoul-I (Korea)Seoul-II (Korea)Suwon (Korea)
Chromosome 1
B
b. t2 2i c qbobr3Bxcmecfargsc3cv v fsntt2 v fvv carwawch
:e bbl/ClB
yY' ac v 8M-5/y sc y
Chromosome 2
a px ora px spabal 2al bc spal dp b pr c px
spICy, prb It wx bwb vg 4 2Bl/Cy bw 5a sp
.Li5aorcc wtpxcn bwcy/PmexhoL4Lpdprso
Chromosome 3
aa hbulcacp in ri pPcu
cv-c sbd2glGl Sb/LVMhjvproruru h st pP ss eSru h th st cu sr
se caSb/In(3LR)Ubx101sese hssstth st cp
Chromosome 4
btcici gvl btey R/ nci gvl ey svspa
Mul tichromosomal
3 stbr dx ; ed Su-dx
b1;2). 24lz /d149, m g;Cy/Pm(1;2)
v; bw(1;2)w; vg(1;2)M-5, Cy/Pm Sb/Ubx
(1;2;3)ptg; px pd; su-pd
(1;2;3)bw; st(2;3)Cy/Pm; D/Sb(2; 3)Cy/Pm Sb/Ubx(2;3)lys rc; s s ( 2; 3 )vg; se(2; 3)se h; ci eyr(3;4)
Attached-X
br Zd/y3d
y/g tyDeficiencies
Df(3)sbd105/Xa
Duplications
Dp(2; 3)S
Inversions
Muller- 5SlLIns(é~sca ' S,sc w B
Seoul: Yonsei University. Department of Biology
Wild Stocks Inbred Wild Stocks 16 bo 28 t217 br3 29 t v f
1 Canton-S 9 Damyang - 22 generations 18 Bx 30 v2 Oregon-R 10 Huksando - 24 generations 19 cm 31 w3 Oregon-R-C 11 Kwangju - 21 generations 20 32
aec wbf24 Oregon-S 12 Suwon - 23 generations 21 ec dx 33 wch5 Samarkand 13 Yonsei - 25 generations 22 fa 34 w6 Seoul-1(Korea) 23 rg 35
co h2
7 Seoul-2(Korea) Chromosome 1 24 sc cv v f 36wcolsw
8 Swedish-C 25 sc3cv v eq 37 we bbl/ClB14 B 26 38
bi ct6 q2sn y
15 27 svr 39 y ac v
January 1963
240 Y2sC mf41 y cv v ~42 M-5!Y sc y 75
76777843 a px or 7944 ab 8045 al 2 8146 al bc sp 82
47 al dp b pr blt bw/ 83SM5, al Cy lt sp 84
48 al dp b pr c px sp/ 85Cy, pr 8649 al dp b êr Bl c2Px sp/ 87
SM1 al Cy sp 8850 b 8951 b It wxt bw 9052 b vg 9153 bw 9254 bw ba 45a 2 45a 9355 Bl/Cy, bw 2sP orv 256 Bl L/SM5, al Cy lt sp 9457 c 9558 c wt px 9659 cl60 cn bw61 Cy/Pm62636465666768
Chromosome 2
exhoL4Lpdprpr cn o"~/ SM5,
Cy sp69 rh70 so71 vg72 wt
al 2 ltv
Inbred Stocks
273 al b pr en vg c sE / 2
Ins(2LR¿, Cy, L sp74 al b2c s~ /~ns(~LR)Cy,
al lt L sp
Stocks selected for lethal mutations
Melanogaster - Stocks - Korea
Chromosome 3
aa hbulcacp in ri pPcu 2cv c sbdD/GlglGl sb/LVMhj v
PPc/TM1, Mé riPr Dr/TM3raroruru h s t pP sse sru h th st cu sr
se carug j v se bySb/In(3LR)Ubx101Sb/TM3, SJ4eri pP
sep bx
97 se98 se h99 ss100 st101 th102 th st cp
Inbred Stocks
103TM3bJ1n; ri pP sep
Chromosome 4
104 bt105 ci106 ci gvl bt107 ey R n108 ci gvl ey sv109 pol110 spa
37:43
Mul tichromosomal
111 br3 dxst; ed Su-dx
b1;2) 2 4lz /dl49, m g; Cy/Pm
(1 ;2)v; bw(1; 2)
w; vg(1;2)M-5; Cy/Pm; Sb/Ubx
- (1;2;3)ptg; px pd; su-pd
(1;2;3)Hw/FM6; Gl/TM3 Ser Sb
&1' 3)
Hw 9è /FM6; Sb/TM3, Ser
(1; 3)
bw; st(2;3)Cy/Pm; D/Bb(2; 3)Cy/Pm; Sb/Ubx(2;3)lys rc; ss(2;3)vg; se(2; 3) R
se h; ci ey (3;4)
112
113114115
116
117
118
119120121122123124
Attached-X
125 Èl/y3d126 ill g- ty
Deficiencies
127 Df(3)sbd105/Xa
Duplica tions
128 Dp(2;3)S
Inversions
129 Muller- 5SlL 8R130 Ins~1)sc , S sc
w B131 Vgnw L Hia~SM5, al 2 Cy
It sp132 Vgu/Roi, bw sp or
(Inbred)133 A/In(3R) hp hp
Transloca tions
134 T(1;2) Bld/ClB D135 T(2;3) Xa/Sb bx
136 20 second chromosomal lethals from two localities of Korea137 25 third chromosomal lethals from two localities of Korea
37:44 Melanogaster - Stocks - Netherlands DIS 37
NETHERLNDS
Groningen; State Uni versi ty of Groningen, Genetical Institute
Wild Stocks Oregon (Sh 0) Y2c;n L4 /PmOregon (Mo) Y v f
Bacup Y; bw; st dpBannerdale Chromosome 3 vgDronfield Chromosome 1 vgPGroningen
f55fe11
Oregon (Davis) e Chromosome 4o S (Oregon x g H~~~ 2 cat
Samarkand) Muller-5 p CeR/ spaDis. w se ey
w m B se cp e
Inbred Stocks ~ st Multiples
Bayfordburywa
Chromosome 2 v stwa vIsoCanton w and y:= y bw st
bw cn
Leiden: Rijksuni versi tei t Genetisch Labora torium
Note: Only some unusual stocks are listed.
Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3 Triploid
cn px bw Kr/Cycrc cn/Pm
gsh gs th
~ 3N:w/FM4 Ô 'Y/FM4
NE ZEALAND
Dunedin: Uni versi ty of Otago, Department of Botany
Wild Stocks Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3 Mul tichromosomal
1 Oregon-R-C 8 al dp b pr c px 15 cp 25 vg; sesp 16 cu
Chromosome 1 9 bw 17 cu se Transloca tions10 bw vg 18 se
2 B 11 cn 19 e se 26 T(1;2)Bld, Bld/
3 f 12 cn dp 20 e se cu ClB (carries In4 m 13 dp 21 Gl Sb/LVM (2R)Cy5 v 14 vg 22 ru h th st cu sr6 f s
w m e ca7
a23w se24 st
NORWAY
Blindern: University of Oslo, Institute of General Genetics
Wild Stocks 6 Lausanne-S Chromosome 1
7 Oregon1 Amherst 8 Oslo 12 B2 Canton 9 Samarkand (inbred) 13 Bx3
ct6 v g3/ClB3 Florida 26-24 10 Swedish- b-6 (Swedish- b 14 ec4 Florida 10 cleaned of inversions) 15 f5 Formosa, Japan 11 Woodbury 16 sc cv v f
January 1963
Bwx17 SCS¥ a18 sc BInS W19202122232425
8scW
W m fawBww
y 6y ec ct vsfy l(l)7/sc B InS wa
sc26 Y pn27 y w
Altered Y's
828 sC8 Y; w29 sc 8; y acsrc pn sn30 y s~ Y~ sc / BInS
w sc
Chromosome 2
31 ai2 CY'3InL, lt3¿b pZBl lt InCyR L sp
32 al dp b pr c px sp
Stockholm:
Melanogaster - Stocks - Norway
33 al dE b ~r q px2sp/ Cyal lt L sp
34 b j pr cn35 bw36 cn5~f2637 dp38 ~4gkPx sp39 ~50e540 J241 L ICy 2 4 242 Pm/Cy, al lt3 L sp
~ ~57t5/cy
45 vg
Chromosome 3
446 e 3wo ro47 gl48 Gl SblLVM49 jv Hn h50 mit2P51 p52 ri53 se
SWEEN
37:45
54 st 255 st e56 ve
Chromosome 4
D57 ar/eYR58 ci2ey59 ey
Mul tichromosomal
60 scSi BInS wa sc8; sp;th
61 bw; st 1162 cn bw; e63 cn bw; ru h st pP ss eS64 Cy/Pm; H/C Sb
Deficiencies andTransloca tions8 2 465 Df( 1)N ¿dl49, y Hw m g66 Df(2)Px, bw spICy L67 T(2;3)Cy
Uni versi ty of Stockholm, Institute of Genetics826 f BBèsc Y ¿ Y f:=/ 55sc Y ~ 5627 fa 8 8 57
28 f~/sc Y ¿ Y f:= sc Y~ 5829 g B 5930 g f car ¿ y f: = ~ 6031 lw 29a H2/y Hw g In 6149m 8 6232 lw 47b H1/y sc f In 6349V wa 6434 m ~35 m f 6637 od car 6738 pn 6839 rb 6940 sC8 7041 sc 7142 sc cv 7243 sc cv v f44 sc cv v car645 sc 3!dcV §t v g f/FM3, 73
~1 sc ~ B e 7447 sc BInS w sc 75(~yller- 5) a 8 77
~ 48 sc 8B InS w sc /y
3c Y49 sn50 v51 w525354
Wild Stocks
1 Algeria2 Canton S3 Djursholm 554 Florida5 Karsnäs6 Oregon7 Stäket8 Tunnelgatan9 örebro10 Skaftö
Chromosome 1
11 B 8 813 BB/sc Y ¿ Y f:=/sc
Y ~ 814 B ca~/sc Y ¿ Y f:=/
sc Y ~815 BB c~r/ sc Y ¿ Y f:=/
ZC Y ~16 Bx17 car 6 318 cm ct sn ¿ y f:=19 cv20 cv sn21 cv 6v B ¿ Y f: = ~22 ct23 ec ct v t24 f25 f B
w cvw cv3sn3w sn
awbf2wblwch2wcowcoiwec2whwr 8 8wt sc In Sw 2XC (closed-X)Y2 bbY32Sq/Df(Y)Y-Y3PY4Y 8y ac sc pn sn/ sc Y 6y as sc ltn w rb cm ctsnS1 ras v mag f8car/sc B InS w sc
y B267-i7y ec ct v fY f car S1y Hw mag f8Eb/ sCSi BInS wa sc8 ~ sc BInS w sc ¿ 8
78 y Hw m g é car / sc Y ¿Y f:=/ßc Y ~
79 y rb ct80 y sC882 y sc B f In--49 v ¿
y f:= ~
37:46 Mel~nogaster - Stocks - Sweden
8384858687888990919293
S1 8Y sCSi f In-49 m 8c ô y f: = ~y sCS1 In-49a v s§ ô y f:= ~y sc InS w scy v f.= ~ Y w ô
Y v f ear.= ~ sc v f carôy v g 5y w sn 8y w sn/sr¿ Yy w f Bxy waspl sny w sn
Chromosome 2
94959698
99
a px spa px oral b c spal aP b2pr c px sp/ai2 Cy lt3L sp
al ~p b pr3cn rg e a ~x èW mZ sp/~ Cy lj ~r ~l cn L sp
al Cy lt L sp /Pmal S ast ho/Cy, E-Sal spbb en vgb pr vgBl/rn (2LR) dpbwen bwCy/Pmdp bf~L4/CyLpr 33kP2 bw mr sp/ds2 4PmS Cy pr Bl en L bw sp /In NSL In NSR px sp
100101102103104105106107108110111114115116117118119
120121122123
sca_sp ':stw-vg
Chromosome 3
126127128129130131132133134136137138139140141
D3/In Ps
eglr2Hi:2riro r2ru Hnru h st pP ssru se h st pPse ss k eS rossst 11st ss eve h1rhss e
se sss e
Chromosome 4
142 ey143 ci ey
Mul tichromosomal
144145146
147148149155156
11en bw; ebw; st 2 2 19irb em rar9i g ; se iCy ôf:= se iCy ~
se cv v; risp; th bdT(1;2)B iCy ~ M2e/Cy ôy; pr; ~s n+.=; sv ~ +; sv ô
DIS 37
January 1963 D. MELANOGASTER 37:47
NE MUTANTS
Report of A. B. Burdick61f PSPSlz : lozenge 61f Jrsp. Moynehan, 61f. SpontaReous in a v m male from
a m Iv g mother. This v m male ha~1fon-lpseyes (both) but when mate~sto y f:=fe~îtes produced about 30 per cent lz v m sons and 70 per cent v m sons.lz therefore must have occurred as a sO~îlic mutation early in ontogeny. Arecombination study of 269 males places lz 6.316~fits to the left of v. Anallele test to lz (Bloomington $ b-36) shows lz/lz to have more or less mutantphenotype, i.e., facets in the gîlterior 1/3 of the eye are disrupted and fused,others normaL. Phenotype of lz is . "dull varnshed mahogany" color; facets com-pletely fused, pigment unevenly distr~~~ted, concentrated near the outside edge.Recessive; female fertile; also lz/lz is fertile. RK-1.
dy62b: dusky-62g2bA. B. Burdick, 1962b. Spontaneous in a l(2) 55i/+; polpopulation. Three dy ; pol males were found, indicating that this could nothave be~8ka contamination. Shows normal recombination with v and g, and allelismwith dy . Similar to other dy' s. RK1.
gi62d: glass-62d S. Tano, 1962d. ~pontaneous in a2l(2)55i/+ population.Phenotype slightly more wild-type than gl ; allelic to gl ; sex ratio and viabilitynormaL. RK1.
Report of W. W. Doane
60 , 60adp : adipose Doane, 1960. 2-83x. Spontaneous in Kaduna stock main-
taifed at Edinburgh. Pub. Doane, 1961, DIS 35:78. Adult fat body phenotype like~; corpus allatum hypertrophies in mated females to same degree as in thesterile allele. Females fertile but egg hatchability reduced to 45-90%, dependingon residual genome; aduit emergence lowered to 33-85%. Males fertile and via-bility of both sexes good. RK1.
d fs d" female-sterilea p : a ipose If the future, the mutant fd(2)adp (Doane, 1961DIS 35:45) will be referred to as ~ to simplify reference to mutants at theadipose locus. The change is warranted by the discovery of the fertile allele in-dicated above. This points up the difficulties which may ensue in giving symbolsto female-sterility mutants according to their sterility effects and chromosomenumber rather than making use of some phenotypic trait, whether internal (as thefat body effect here) or external.
Report of James W. Edwards and Eldon J. Gardner
eyr: eyes-reduced Edwards and Gardner, 1962. 3-97x3. Appeared duringexperiments involving the aïdition of copper sulfate to the food medium and waspreviously designated as ~ (Genetics, 45:915). In crosses between eyes-reducedand Cockaponsett, 64.8 percent of the F1 flies exhibited an eye abnormality. Themost common F 1 expression involves either a nick in the anterior-median region ofone or both eyes, or a nick associated with an abnormal growth. Asymetricalexpression of the eye abnormlity in the heterozygote is common.
Report of E. Ehrlich
60"9 60'9lz J: lozenge J E. Novitski, 1960. X-ray induced. Eye shape and
texture similar to izg, but with the pigmented area smaller, and with the color inthe males only slightly darker than in the females. Ocelli colorless and similarin shape to izg. Viability and fertility good but the latter reduced as comparedwi th wild type, Oregon-R. Found to be functionally allelic with izg.
Frd: Freckled M. G. Davis, 1961. Dominant on the second chromosome. ThisX-ray induced mutant is characterized by the presence of an accumulation of darkpigment first observable in the late 'pupae, which appears, in young flies, in the
37:48 Melanogaster - New Mutants DIS 37
abdomen giving the whole a darkened appearance. In older flies, the substance isconcentrated in black specks scattered throughout the body, head and legs. 2Freckled is variable in expression and is maintained in a balanced stock with Cy sp .
Report of I. Faulhaber
ap6: apterous6 Faulhaber, 2-55.4~. Occurred spontaneously in a pr/pr stock(p~rple II; 54.5) kept at the University of Bonn, Germany. Phenotype simlar toap (Medvedev 1935, see Bridges and Brehme 1944). Homozygous ap/ap adults arecharacterized by rudimentary wings, ßmall halteres, underdeveloped ovaries, andfrequently by deformed hind legs; both males and females are sterile and die threedays after hatching. Mature ap/ag larvae ~re indisti2guishable from wild6typ,i. Thenew mutant is kept balanced as ap /SM5, al cg lt6 sp. 4he Eompound, ap lap isphenotypically indistinguishable from both ap / ap and ap / ap. RK2 as lethal.
Report of P. E. Hildreth
dor61e: deep orange 61e 1-0. 3~ (adjusted for y-w= 1.5% c. 0.) Allelic withdor of MerrelL. ~iab~tity poor. Spon~aneous origin in sperm of wild type Samarkandmale mated with Y2 sc B In49 v wa sc h2mozygous female. Localization c~lculatedfrom sons of2y sp-w spl/d02 females (y sp-w spl 1552, dor 674, y d02 0, sp-w spl2J)
(y 6, dor sp-w spl 5, y sp-w 9, dor spl 6: y - dor = 0.13; dor - sp-w = 0.49; sp-w= 0.66).
I Report of B. Hochman
l(4)PT-1: lethal(4) Powell, Tennessee-2 Hochman, 61a. 4-(not included inDf(4)M-4). Pub. 1961, Amer. Nat. 95:375-382. Spontaneous in male trapped in thewild October, 1960. No homozygous adults emerge. Heterozygotes are phenotypicallynormal and fertile. The genotype l(4)PT-1/l(4)6f (the latter of X-ray origin,Green and Gloor, unpub.) is lethaL. l(4)PT-1 does not intera.ct with any other knowchromosome 4 factor. Genetic tests reveal no translocation. Lethal acts duringthe pupal stage. RK2.
Dl(4)PT-2: lethal(4) Powell, Tennessee-2 Hochman, 61a. 4-(at bt 1). Pub.
1961, Amer. Nat. 95:375-382. Spontaneous in female collected October, 19609 Heter-ozygote is normal. Homozygote completely lethal. l(4)PT-2 interacts lethall~ withbent-Dominant. Presumably the lethal is allelic to, or deficient for, the bt locusor section, of chromosome 4. However the recessive, bent, does not show pseudo-dominance in combination with l(4)PT-2. No translocation involved. Homozygote diesduring embryonic or larval period. RK1.
Tennessee- Hochmn, 61a. 4-(not included in95:375-382. Spontaneous in female captured in
October 1960. No homozygous imagoes appear. Heterozygote viable and fertile.l(4)PT-J forms a lethal combination with l(4)4d, a lethal induced by X-rays (Greenand Gloor, unpub.). No translocation involved. l(4)PT-3 is a larval lethal. RK2.
l(4)ST-1: lethal(4) Solway, Tennessee-1 Wrathall, 61l. 4-(not in Df(4)M-4).Spontaneous in male collected November, 1961. Fully lethal when homozygous andnormal when heterozygous. None of the known fourth chromosome factors interactswith l(4)ST-1. Genetic tests demonstrate no translocation. Death of homozygoteoccurs during larval or pupal stage. RK2.
l(4)ST-2: lethal(4) Solway, Tennessee-2 Wrathall, 61l. 4-(not in Df(4)M-4).Spontaneous in male captured November, 1961. Homozygotes all die as larvae. Alethal, l(4)140, obtained Qy Green and Gloor (unpub.) through X-irradiationinteracts lethally with l(4)ST-2. No translocation involved. RK2.
Tennessee- Hochmn, 62a. 4-0-(included inSpontaneous in female trapped November, 1961. Entirely lethal as a
homozygote, the animals dying during the larval stage. Df(4)M-4/l(4)ST-3 is alsolethal. l(4)ST-3/+ is norml in all respects. None of the recessives or domin-
January 1963 Melanogaster - New Mutants 37:49
ants previously localized within Df(4)M-4 interacts with l(4)ST-3. l(4)ST-3probably represents a new locus within the Minute-4 deficiency. RK1.
1 4 ST-4: Tennessee-4 Grundmann, 62b. 4-(not in Df(4)M-4).Spontaneous in female captured November, 19 1. Most homozygous individuals dieas pupae. In crowded culture bottles a few homozygotes appear. Under less crowdedconditions more ST-4/ST-4 flies reach the imginal stage. The aduit survvorsare of low viability and completely sterile. The males lack external genitaliabut motile sperm are found upon dissection. Homozygous adults display spreadwings and some minor vein abnormalities such as cross veins between the secondand third viens. l(4)ST-4/+ is norml. A lethal interaction occurs betweenl(4)ST-4 and l(4)SLC-1, another lethal extracted from nature. RK2.
l(4)SLC-1: lethal(4) Salt Lake City-1 Wrathall, 62a. 4-(not in Df(4)M-4).Spontaneous in female removed from a wild population November, 1961. The abovedescription given for l(4)ST-4 also applies to this lethal. The heterozygouscombination of the two lethals behaves exactly as either homozygote, indicatingthat the lethals are products of identical (or near-identical) mutational eventswhich occurred in widely separated natural populations. Neither SLC-1 nor ST-4interacts with any other chromosome 4 factor and genetic tests for possibletranslocations give negative results. RK2.
l(4)AM-1: lethal (4) Amerst, Massachusetts-1 Wrathall, 62a. 4-(not inDf(4)M-4). Spontaneous in male collected November, 1961. No homozygous adultsemerge. Heterozygote is phenotypically wild-type. l(4)AM-1 does not interactwith any of the known fourth chromosome mutants. No translocation is involved.Lethal acts during pupal stage. RK2.
Report of K. K. Kidd
es: ether sensitive 2nd chromosome - locus undetermined. This.mutant~found in the stocks of V. Tinderholt, now deceased, apparently arose spontaneouslyin a wild population. The phenotype is characterized by hypersensi ti vi ty to diethylether and chloroform, i.e., an.otherwse norml dose kills the es/ es flies whilecarbon dioxide has no adverse effect. The hypersensitivity to anaesthetics isvariable and probably affected by modifiers. A male sterility factor is asso-ciated with the hypersensitivity, but it is not know whether the two are iden-tical. Male sterility remains constant, unaffected by modifiers. Viability ofthe homozygotes is approxitely 0.7 that of the heterozygous es/SM1 flies (thestock is maintained over SM1), and remains consistently low even in those strainsselected for non-hypersensi ti vi ty.
Report of R. C. King and Patricia A. Smith
Ovarian tumors in fu59 i This allele of fused which was spontaneous in originwaS9discovered by Rhoda F. GrelL. The allelišmst was perforied by Merry Moore.fu resembles fu with regard to its effects in both se59s upon wing venation andon ocellar and ocellar bristle number. The wings of fu males and females areheld outstretr~ed as i~!u. Tug7f occur in the ovaries of females homozygousfor fu, or fu , or fu , or fu , (King, Burnett and Staley, Growth, '57) andalso i~90varies of females hemizygous for fu (DIS 12: 14ft. Fem37es homozygousfor fu also produce ovarian tumors, and as in fu or fu Os fu a female homo-zygotes the tumor incidence increases with age. However, fu 9 females show alower tumor incidence than do these from any other fused stocks. The incidenceof tumorous chambers at 7 and 12 days is 1.9% (N=567J and 11.8% (N=399) respectively.Here N equals the number of ovarian oocytes observed. Females homozygous for fuwould at these ages show tumor incidences of about 25 and 50%, respectively.
Report of G. Lefevre
wmJ: whi te-mottledJ Jonsson, 61i28. X-ray induced in v f3n car ¿. A threebreak rearrangement: X chromosome broken at 3C2 (probably separating 3C2 from 3C3)
37:50 Melanogaster - New Mutants Drs 37
and in section 20; fourth chromosome broken in 102C. New order: X-tip through 3C2,section 20 through 3C3 (inverted), section 102C through 101 (translocated). Thus,the X chromosome is inve~ed and borne on the TV chromosome cen~romere. The eyeis mottled, much as in wm , but by single crossing over with wm gives rise tomale-viable w~ite-eyed recombinants, presumably deficient for 3C2 onl. Crossingover with rst gives rise to non-white male-lethal recombinants, presumably de-ficient for 3C3 onl. The reciprscal translocation having the IV-tip on the Xcentromere has been lost. The wm males are lethal in XO condition, and show amore-or-less random disjunc~on of X and+Y. The TV c!lromosome break separates theey and ci loci, such that w carries ci , but not ey .
Df(1)pn-ec: X chromosome deficiency from prue through echinus Robins, 62g26.X-ray induced in + ¿. Salivary analysis shows left break at 2D1-2 and right breakjust to the left of 4A1-2. Although the deficiency thus includes approxiately60 bands, heterozygous femles are, though poorly, both viable and fertile. Thedeficient material was simultaneously inserted in the heterochromatic region ofone of. the autosomes, not yet identified. Males carryng the translocated materialas a duplication are viable but sterile. Males simultaneously bearing thedeficiency and the duplication are lethal. The white locus in the duplicationdoes not exhibit variegation.
Report of J. D. McCloskey
62ay : yellow-62a E. Ehrlich, 1962a. Found in crossover test of X-ray
1-110, ( subsequent analysis by J. D. McCloskey.) Hairs, bristles brown, male blacktip to abdomen, effect in female more dilute. Homo- and heterozygotes indis-tingishab~2å Black effect be4ome~9gronî~Rgrd ~lh age, e~ressi~ty ~îaiabZŠ inf~le.tdY v2dominant to y, y , r , y , y , recessive to y , Y , Y ,Y , Y , Y .Report of Helen U. Meyer
The following mutations will be available for a limted time only.
aM60: arcM60 Meyer, 6of. 2-99.2(locus listed in Bridges-Brehme)M60 M60 .al : aristaless Meyer, 60f. 2-0.0(Bridges-Brehme) Both found to be
induced in x-rayed spermtogonial chromosome fes ms b cn sp, and connected withan inversion which reduces crossing over in most of 2L and some of 2R. Might bebreakpoint position effects. Alleles of al, and of a. Very weak stock; homozy-gous lethaL. RK4.T60 T60 .
ap apterous Thomas, 60g. 2-55.4(Bridges-Brehme) X-ray induced inoogonial chromosome fes ms b cn SD. Allele of aD, but with some wing rudiments.Weak homo zygotes are late emerging. RK3.
cH60: curvedH60 Hall, 60g. 2-75.5(Bridges-Brehme). X-ray induced inspermatogonial chromosome fes ms b cn sp, together with a lethal at a differentlocus. Allele of c and simlar to it. RK2.
H60 . H60cd : cardinal Hall, 60e. 3-75. 7(Bridges-Brehme). Arose in unmarked
third chromosome, probably from x-ray treatment of spermatogonial cell. Allele of,and similar to cd. RK1.
che3: cherub3 Meyer, 60g. 2-63.2(locus of che, DIS-25, 1951).2 Wings curved-like, Jpread and short. Less extreme than che, bU"3 morj so than che. Compound. . .che ... / .. . che... is sterile in both sexes; che j che not tested for sterilities,since it is contained in fes ms b cn sp chromosome. From x-rayed oogonium. RK2.H60 H60 .
Cl : clot Hall 60g. 2-16.5(Bridges-Brehme).gonial chromosome fes ms b cn sp; allele of, and simlarzygotes have very dark eyes, especially when aged. RK1.
X-ray indufl~5 in spermato-to cl. cl cn homo-
Januar, 1963 Melanogaster - New Mutants 37: 51ciT60: clotT60 Thomas 60h. 2-16.5, see above. Also x-ray induced in same
type of spermatogonial chromosome, but of independent origin from mutant describedabove; similar, and an allele of it. RK1.
prM60: purpleM60 Meyer 60f. 2-54.5(Bridges-Brehm~M X-ray induced inoogonial chromosome fes ms b cn sp. A~gòe of Qr; cn pr homozygotes are ver,light apricot at emergence, compound pI' /pr is very dark brown. RK1.
pr_iM60: purple_lethaiM60 Meyer 60g. 2-54.5, probably a small deficiency in-cluding the pr locus. Of spontaneous origin. Allelic with pr eye color; also .allelic for both eye color and lethal with two other, previously found pr-lethalmutations from other experiments. Lethal could not be separated from pro RK2.
rk 6: rickets 6 Thomas 60g. 2-48.2. X-ray induced in oogonial chromosomefes ms b cn sP. Allele of rk (DIS-22, 1948) which in turn is an allele of co(Jackson); homozygotes have weak legs and keep their wings unfolded. Betterviability and more normal at 26°c. RK2.
S61 S61SO : speck Shumn, 61c. 2-107.0(Bridges-Brehme). Spontaneous in un-
marked second chromosome of Bloomington stock d 30. Allele of, and similar tosp. RI!.S61 S61 .
y : yellow Shum, 61f. 1-0.0 (Bridges-Brehme) . Spontaneous in un-marked X-chromosome of Bloomngton stock 135. A ver, bright, distinct yellow. RK1.
Report of E. Novitski
The following is a list of mutants, detected initially as ordinary sex-linked lethals, but which are non-autonomous, i.e. sizable patches of tissuehemzygous for these lethals survve when present in individ~als which also havenorml tissue, as in gyndromorphs. These lethals represent a small fractionof many lethals tested. Consistent differences in free amino acid content be-tween the lethal bearing larve prior to death and their normal sibs at the samedevelopmental stage are observed by two dimensional paper chromatography of a95%ethanol extract. To make the separation of the lethal larvae from the non-lethalones practicable, these mutants are maintained in stocks where elther the chromo-some carrng the mutant also carries yellow, and the balancer y , or vice versa.these stocks are available to anyone who wishes them either from the University ofOregon, or the stock centers at Pasadena or Philadelphia.
The system of namng has been adopted to call attention to the specific com-
po~ds now known to be either in excess, or deficient, by coining a term the firstpart of which comes from the .compound in question, with a suffix "ful" if thatcompound is in excess, or "less" if it is deficient. Thus "gluful" is character-ized by an excess of glutamne and "tyrless" has a deficiency of tyrosine. Whena mutant appears to have two or more equally obvious characteristics, a compundnae is formed (such as giurlproless for an excess of glutamine and a deficiency ofproline, or even glufultyroproless for an excess of glutamine and a deficiency bothof tyrosine and proline). These combinations may seem awkward at first sight, butwe feel that they are quite descriptive. The reader is warned in- any case not to
equate these terms with the very much more precise termnology in the lowerorganisms where such terms generally refer to the specific biochemical synthesisblocked, and where survival can usually be mediated simply by adding the deficientsubstance. Our terms have no such precision, but merely refer to the biochemcalphenotype as far as we know it at present. It is hoped that these naes will, infact, be changed as knowledge of their true nature accumulates.
Finally, let me say that the isolation and characterization of these mutantshas involved the earnest efforts of a sizable number of people over a period oftime, and their contributions should be acknowledged here; Mrs. Mar, Wolfe, Mrs.Betty Ehrlich, Mr. Roger Johnsen, and Miss Maili Heinsoo.
1 alaful-1: X-ray induced, 1-46~. Third instar larvae have excess of alanine,or closely related substance, and less free tyrsine. Time of death spreadfrom first instar through prepupal stage. Dissection of third instar larvae
37:52 Melanogaster - New Mutants DIS 37
revealed reduced salivaries, generally an absence of fat bodies and reducedgastric caecae.
2 gluful-1:acids low.
X-ray induced. 1-0.):. Excess of glutamne, glutamic and asparticDeath either at end of third ins tar of in early pupal development.
3 gluful-2: X-ray induced. Located close to car. Excess glutamine. Deathshortly after pupation. Usually the larvae acquire red-black pigmented areasunder, in or on the cuticle.
4 gluful- 3: X-ray induced. 1-52:1. Excess glutamne. Roughly 401 eclose, butdie immediately. No morphological abnormalities observed in larvae or pupae.
5 gluful-4: X-ray induced. 1-47:1. Excess glutamine. Death usually beforethird instar.
6 glufulproless-1: X-ray induced. 1-63:1 (between car and su-f). Excess ofglutamine and less proline. Death occurs during all stages, up to completeeclosion. Sali varies, fat bodies and Malpighian tubules of larvae reduced.
7 glufultyrless-1: X-ray induced, crossing over on X greatly reduced suggestingpresence of rearrangement. Excess of glutamne, decrease in tyrosine. Atthird larval instar the fat bodies become arranged in a pearl-like stringinstead of being flat and ribbon-like. Death usually during early pupal stage.
8 glufultyrless-2: X-ray induced. Located close to, but to left of, cv.Excess of glutamine, less tyrosine. Death generally occurs in second instar,about a quarter getting through to the third ins tar and rarely to the pupal
stage. Fat bodies, malpighian tubules and salivary glands reduced. Rareeclosed adults have soft exoskeleton, and die wi thin a few days.
9 glufultyrless-3: X-ray induced. 1-10:1. Crossing over appears to be sup-pressed near tip of X chromosome. Excess of glutamine, deficiency of tyr-sine. Accumulation of unknown flurorescent substance in cuticle of larve.Generally die in third instar. Larvae become transparent. Salivaries,Malpighian tubules and fat bodies very much reduced.
10a glyful-1: X-ray induced, located between v and f, 1-50:1. Third instar larveshow large excess of glycine. Pupal lethal.
10 glufultyroproless-1: X-ray induced. 1-59:1. Excess of glutamine, tyrosinealmost absent, low in proline. Roughly half die in pupal stage, other halfeclose, but die wi thin two days or so. SemilethaL.
11 phenfultyrless-1: X-ray induced. 1-4J:. Excess phenylalanine, low tyrosine.Very low also in a substance which reacts with the diazo spray and has an Rfclose to 1 in n-propanol : 1% ammonia. Death from second through pupal stages.Melanotic spots on some of the larvae, and inside pupae, but not localizedto any particular area. A culture with dying larvae has a distinctive odorwhich can best be described as that of stale urine.
12 tyrless-1: X-ray induced, 1-3:1. Less tyrosine. Death generally duringthird instar or pupal stage although some partially eclose or rarely eclosecompletely. All partially eclosed imagos possessed soft exoskeletons andshowed very little pigmentation, appearing almost translucent.
13 tyrless-2: X-ray induced, 13.4:1. Low tyrosine. No gross larval or pupalabnormalities. Semilethal.
14 tyrroless-1: X-ray induced. Crossing over greatly suppressed, suggestingpresence of chromosomal rearrangement on X. Less tyrosine and proline.Accumulates fluorescent compound, apparently in the cuticle of the larve,
January 1963 Melanogaster - New Mutants 37:53
which is insoluble in propanol and amonia solvent used for chromatograng.Death occurs predominantly in second instar, reminder in third.
1 i: tyrroless-2: X-ray induced. Located close to ca,r. Less tyrosine and pro-line. Death in third ins tar or early pupal stage.
16 tyrroless-3: X-ray induced. 1-24~.of a compound or compounds with an Rfamonia which forms a diazonium salt.prepupal stages.
Less tyrsine and proline. Absencevalue of almost 1 in n-propanol: 1~Death occurs from first instar through
Report of O. S. Reddi
S1 8rl: rolled-up Spontaneous in y sc In 49 sc ; bw; st stock. Sex-linked.
Wing presents a rolled-up appearance. Excellent viability and fertility. Locationnot yet determined.
Sc: Scooped Autosomal dominant mutation induced in the spermatogonia byChloro ethyl methane sulphonate(CB 1506). Carried on the III chromosome and ischaracterized by reduction in wing size. The proxil 1/3 of the wing is normlwith a lateral constriction and the rest of the wing presents a "scooped"appearance and is a little stretched out. Surface of the wing presents threefurroughs runing along the entire length and is wrnkled in appearance. Abdomenis cylindrical but does not taper at the posterior end. Melanin bands on theabdomen are deeply darkened. Excellent viability and fertility. Location is beingdetermned .
Probably the first autosomal dominant mutation observed from the spermto-gonia by chemical treatment.
Report of M. B. Seiger
nué2d: nubbin-62d M.yB. St;ger. lLocltion ßY R. Ab~dessa). 2-47~. X-~yinduced in sperm of T(2;3)Sb , Sb /TM3, Y ac ri p sep bx e eS. Allele of nuband nub
3 . Wings greatly reduced in size and spoon-like. Viability and fertility
excellent. . RK1. (See Linkage Data, Report of Abbadessa and Burdick).
Report of T. R. F. Wright
Est 6F: Esterase 6F Wright 61h. 3-36.8~.S' SEst 6: Esterase 6 Wright 61h. 3-36.8~. Locus controls the' structure ofan esterase designated as "Esterase 6". Esterase 6 is one of ten positive~migrating esterases demonstrable histochemically with ~ naphthyl acetate and FastBlue BB after starch get electrophoresis of imaginal homogenates. It is readilyidentified in zymograms, for it is by far the most heavily staining esterase andmigrates approximately 5 cm. when exposed to a voltage drop of 2.0-2.5 v/cm for 17hrs. at 4°C in a starch gel prepared with 0.05 M Tris buffer, pH 8.7. Individualshomozygous for Est 6 have a single Esterase 6 band which migrates fasters than asimilar, singl, Este;§se 6 band found in individuals homozygous for Est 6. Hetero-zygotes, Est 6 /Est 6 , exhibit both the fast and slow Esterase 6 bands and do notcontain a hybrid Esterase 6 with an intFrmediate esectrophoretic mobility. Nomorphological differences between Est 6 and Est 6 homozygotes are apparent. Todate only these two alleles are known. Both have been found together in wildpopulations and in numerous laboratory wild type and mutant stocks. RK1 evenwi th single fly h omo gena tes.
Report of M. Whittinghill
cd59: cardinai59 Whittinghill, 1959. Spontaneous in isogenic al b pr stwc sp stock. Locus and phenotype like cardinal.
g60 garnet60 Whittinghill, 1960. Spontaneous in testcross of +/cn bw sp.Discovered as several lemon eyed males.
37:54 D. Melanogaster Drs 37
LINGE DATA
Report of R. Abbadessa and A. B. Burdick
Linka data on nub62d of D. melano aster. A preliminary recombination studyplaces nub at 2-47T. George H. Mic~2~ Dis 23:61) has reported the locationof nub at ~2d3.0. In this study, nub was located relative to g~dand Bl(SP6~a/nub ). The linkage data ~2d as follows: Sp Bl, 423; g~8 ' 550~ SP.nub , 74; Bl, 95; Sp, 56; Bl nub , 14; +, 16; and Sp Bl nub , O. This gives185/1228 = 15.1 for the Sp-nub interval, and 86/1228 = 7.0 for the nub-Bl interval.Since Sp and Bl a~2dmapped about 32 units apart, these data, taken at face value,indicate that nub is reducing crossing over in the Sp-Bl interval by about 10units. This means that nub could be anyhere from 2-37.0 to 2-47.0. We havechosen to place it at 47.0 because we havZ consistently (in six different tests)obtained recombination values between nub and Bl of about 7.0 units.
DROSOPHILA SPECIE
STOCK LISTS
AMERT. MASSACHUSElTS: AMERT COLLEGE
D. hydei: Amerst 1962 instead of 1956D. simulans: Amerst 1961 instead of Wallingford, Pa.
BERKELEY. CALIFORNIA: UNIVERSIT OF CALIFORNIADepartment of Zoology
700 D. simulanswild
750 D. subobscura (Edinburgh)wild
800 D. virilisPasadena wild
801 scarlet
900 D. montium Abidiaw910 D. affinis (Allen, Nebraska)912 D. affinis (Kushla, Alabaa)950 Zaprionus vittiger
CHICAGO. ILLINOIS: UNIVERSIT OF CHICAGODepartment of Zoology
D. americana americana
Wild-type
1 Independence
Others
2 cn3 b
D. americana texana
4 New Orleans
D. Virilis
5 Pasadena lethal-free6 Texelucan
Chromosome 1
40e7 a:E01128 w40a9 Y40a dy "210 Y ec ch dy
Chromosome 4
20 cd
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 5
21 B4 Jap22 es ~323 es pe24 pe25 ru 3 Jap26 ru st B pe27 ru st es mh B328 ru sj mh29 st B J30 st es pe ap31 st mh32 st peJ33 st pe ap
11 va
Chromosome 3
12 gp213 Sl+14 sv 215 sv t tb 2P16 sv tb gp17 t18 tb 219 tb gp
J amir; 1963 Drosophila Species - Stocks 37:55
Mul tichromosomal 43 t48äd Peach Mottled Transloca tions
Jap 44 v48a; pe ml. +34 b; pe 2 45 v48b; pe 53 T(Y;5)pem13 X/Y:pe ; pe/pe35 b; tb gp ; cd; pe 46 v ; pe 54 T(Y;5)pem36 cd; B3 pe 47 w; cd; pe 55 r( 2; 5) pem~9 homozygous37 cd; as pe 48 w; cn; pe 56 T( 3; 5)pem21 homozygous38 cd; pe 49 w; pe 57 T(3;5)pe 51 homozygous39 cn; pe 50 ~3~: pe 58 T(3;5)pem 51 homozygous
gp2)40 pe; glpem3
51 40a' pe 59 T(3;5)pem ; R(pe t tb41 -scute- (11); 52 y ; pe hoiiozYfi~uS #242 Sl+; B3 pe 60 T(4;5)pe homozygous
Other Species
Approxiately 30 other species are kept in stock which are duplicates of Universityof Texas collection.
COLD SPRING HARBR, NEW YORK: CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
D. busckii: wild-type BD. pseudoobscura: wild-type, Pinon ChiricahuaD. simlans: wild-type, South Africa
D. virilis: China-aD. willistoni: wild-type, Belém
DEKLB, ILINOIS: NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVRSITY
AD. imgrans: several local strainsB D. robusta: several local strains.C D. tripunctata: several local strains
LINCOLN, NERASKA: THE UNIVRSITY OF NERASKAZoology & Physiology Departent
D. affinia: Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, NewYork, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina and Texas. All wild-typeexcept for some with virus-caused CO2 sensitivity.
D. algonguin: Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina.D. athabasca; Alaska, Maine, North Carolina.D. azteca: MexicoD. narragansett: New YorkD. tolteca: Bolivia, Colombia.Species other than D. affinis subgroup:
D. miranda: Idaho (D. affinis virus-caused CO2 sensitive, due to injectionof extract)
D. pseudoobscura: Mexico (D. affinis virus-caused CO2 sensitive, due toinj ection of extract)
NEW YORK CIT 21: THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE
D. paulistoru British Guiana (2)Colombia (9)Costa Rica (1)Equador (3)Guatemla (1)
Honduras (1)Panaa (5)Peru (J)Salvador (2)Trinidad (1)
Wild Strains, geographical
Boli via (2 strains)Brazil (5)
37:56 Drosophila Species - Stocks DIS 37
D. persimilis
~: 12 strains Chromosome 2 Mul tichromosomal
se
caDelta caDelta ca (In) /leth
Delta or CyChromosome 1
D. pro sal tans
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 2
s m/fa (T 1-2) Pm S Cy( In) /leth
Ed Cy
D. pseudoobscura
Wild strains homozygous for different gene arrangements in the third chromosome:
Pinon, California Mather, California Texas
Standard (10)Chiricahua (10)Arrowhead (1 a )
Standard (10)Chiricahua (10)Arrowhead (10)Tree Line (10)
Arrowhead (6)Pikes Peak (12)
Wild strains of different geographical origin: (17)
Chromosome 1 Delta gl (In) /lethup bx Ba gl (In) /Del ta
or pxor Sc pr cv
ct se 11 sp ttpt wesex ratio/y sn v co sh
glup glup bx Ba gl (In) /leth
Chromosome 3
L or (Santa Cruz arr) /Cuernavaca
or Bl Sc pr (Standard) /Cuernavaca
Chromosome 4
Chromosome 2
in hk jin hk j Cy (In) /leth
Mul tichromosomaloror pr Ba or Cy spark
D. serrata
Wild Strains, geographical
Australia (10)
Hawaii (1)New Britain (1)
New Guinea (2)Papua (1)
D. wi11istoni
Wild: 26 strains
Chromosome 1 Chromosome 2 Chromosome 3
ew sn y In ruew sn y ruseVo
Other Species
abb bwS Hk abb bw( In) /lethS Hk abb bw cn( In) / cnEm bw/bw
pinkDelta pink ( In)
lethe
D. affinisD. ambiguaD. athabascaD. azteca
D. equinoxialis (3 strains) D. montiumD. gibberosa D. nebulosa (1 strain)D. miranda (2 strains) D. sturtevanti (1 strain)D. mirim D. tropicalis (3 strains)
January 1963 Drosophila Species - Stocks
hydei
OXFORD, OHIO: MIAI UNIVRSITY
456Chromosome 1
oraæeClum::ele 2Px
v
1 v sc sn y mn ch bb2 Y gar mn3 bl
Chromosome 6
1 Extension/ Ci
37:57
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA: NORTH CAROLIN STATE COLLEGEDepartment of Genetics
Gunnison, Colo. (6)Lemon Cave (9)Mather, Calif. (8)Mono, Calif. (7)
74 inbred lines from the above strainsmultiple-isofemale cage populations from
each locality above
D. arizonensis
4 Strains From Tucson, Arizona
o Isofemale Strains CollectedOctober and November, 19 1
Tucson, Arizona (2)Catalina Mountains (8,000 ft.),
Arizona (1)Pa tagonia, Ari zona (6)
Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico (29)Cornelio, Sonora., Mexico (1)Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico (10)Desembogue, Sonora, Mexico (1)
New Isofemale Strains
Pa tagonia, Ari zona (1) 1961
San Felipe, B. Calif., Mexico (1) 1961Chiriaco Sumt, California (2) 1961
D. americanaD. hama tofilaD. hydeiD. longicornisD. mojavensis, Chocolate Mts., Calif.D. mojavensis, La Paz, Baja, Calif.;
Mulege, Baja, Calif., 1962D. mulleri, Austin, TexasD. persimilisD. texanaD. virilis (3 strains)
Other Species
Mutant Strains
Whi te eye - chromosome 1Lobed eye - chromosome 3
D. pseudoobscura
Isofemale Strains
Bryce, Utah (8)Ferron, Utah (6)
D. ananassae
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA: MEDICAL COLLEGE OF VIRGINIA
D. prosal tansDominican Republic D. nebulosaEl SalvadorGua temala WildHondurasJamaica Puerto RicoPanamaPuerto Rico D. paulistoruTrinidadVenezuela Wild
Wild
Puerto Rico
D. cardini
Wild
Trinidad Chromosome 1 BrazilColombiash El Salvadorw Honduras
-TrinidadD. mirim Venezuela
D. 8quinoxialis
Wild
BrazilColombiaCosta RicaCuba
Wild D. peninsularisPuerto Rico Wild
Puerto Rico
Wild
Jamaica
S. sturtevanti
Wild
HaitiTrinidad
D. tropicalis
Wild
BrazilColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican Republic
37:58 Drosophila Species - stocks DIS 37
El SalvadorGuatemlaHaitiHondurasJamicaPanaPuerto RicoVenezuela
Chromosome 1 D. willistoni
ArgentinaBrazil
CubaDominican RepublicFloridaHaitiJamaicaPuerto RicoTrinidad
Deltaroro sew
Wild
AUSTRALIA
Syney, New South Wales: University of Sydney, Department of Animal Husbandry
D. ananassae D. persimilis D. simulans
. Wild Stocks Wild Stocks Wild Stocks
1 Ba ton Rouge, Louisiana2 Christobal, Panaa3 Texas
1 Porcupine Flat2 Quesnell3 Sequoia
1
2Austin, TexasMelbourne
4 b5 sc6 st f
MutantsMutant
3 y4 Delta or Cy 4 w
5 stD. pseudoobscura 6 p
7 st PWild Strains Homozygous for 8 vChromosome 3 Inversions 9 y v
10 net pm (b py sd)
Mutants
D. busckii
Wild Stocks
1 Sydney2 Melbourne
Arrowhead (9) Pinon, Calif.Chiricahua (10) Pinon, Calif. Other Species
Mutant
glD. montiumD. nebulosa
BELGIUM
Louvain: The University, Agricultural Institute, Laboratory of General Genetics
Wild Stocks D. subobscura (Edinburgh)D. subobscura (Israëi) (4 strains
structurally homozygous)D. subobscura (Küssnacht) (Standard
homozygous)D. virilis
D. ambiguaD. americanaD. novaexicanaD. subobscura (Belgium)
BRAZIL
S~o Paulo: Universidade de S~o Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e LetrasDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Caiza Postal 8.105
D. austrosaltans: Brazil D. neocardini itanbacuriensis: BrazilD. cardini: Costa Rica, México, Panamá, D. neocardini mourensis: Brazil
Brazil D. neocordata: BrazilD. emargina ta: Costa Rica, Panaá, D. neomorpha: Trinidadand Peru D. neoelliptica: BrazilD. equinoxialis: Brazil D. nigrosaltans: PanaáD. montium: Brazil D. mulleri: Puerto RicoD. nebulosa: Peru and Brazil D. paranaensis pararepleta: Brazil
January 1963 Drosophila Species - Stocks 37:59
D. parasaltans: BrazilD. polyorpha: Peru and BrazilD. prosaltans: Costa Rica, Panaá, Colombia, Trinidad, and BrazilD. repleta: BrazilD. saltans: México, Guatemla, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and CubaD. septentriosaltans: ColombiaD. simulans: BrazilD. sturtevanti: México, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Pana, Guadalupe,
Jamaica, Sta. Lucia, Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Perl, and BrazilD. subsaltans: BrazilD. tropicalis: BrazilD. willistoni: Peru and Brazil
São Paulø: Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de são Jose do Rio Preto
D. sturtevanti: Jamaica, Cuba, Porto Rico, Guadalupe, Santa Lucia, Trinidad, CostaRica, El Salvador, Venezuela, Colômbia, Peru, Mato Grosso.
CHILE
Santiago: Insti tuto de Biolog!a "Juan Noé" Catedra de Biología Genetica yEvolución Exeriental
D. buskii: Chile (La Serena)D. camronensis: Chile (Azapa)D. funebris: Chile (La Serena, Valdivia, Tierra del Fuego y Punta Arenas)D. gasici: Chile (Arica), Argentine' (San Luis), Bolivia (Cochabamba)D. gaucha: Brazil (M. Capoes, C. de Jordan and Taimbas), Argentine (Cordoba)D. hydei: Chile (Camarones, and El Tabo)D. imgrans: Chile (El Tabo, and Valdivia)D. mercatoru: Chile (Arica)D. mesophragmatica: Bolivia (LaPaz), Peru (Machu-Picchu, Cuzco)D. pavani: Chile (Copiapo, Vallenar, La Serena, El Tabo, Viña del Mar, Olmue,
Bellavista, Arrayan, Los Alpes, Colbur, Los Queñes, Chillan), Argentine
( (Mendoza)D. serenensis: Chile (El Tabo)D. simulans: Peru (Lima)D. viracochi: Peru (Machu-Picchu), Colombia (Bogota)D. virilis: Chile (Santiago).
COLOMBIA
Bogotá: Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciericias
Note: These are all stocks of the species collected in Colombia. In some caseswe have stocks from various parts of Colombia of a specific species.
D. ananassae D. equinoxialis D. paulistoruD. bandeirantoru D. funebris D. polymorphaD. briegeri D. gasici ' D. prosaltansD. busckii D. griseolineata D. pseudoobscuraD. campestris D. hydei D. simulansD. canalinea D. immigrans D. sturtevantiD. capricorni D. mediostriata S. sucineaD. cardini D. melanogaster D. toltecaD. cardinoides D. nebulosa D. tropicalisD. emarginata D. paranaensis D. viracochi
D. willi s toni
37:60 Drsophila Species - Stocks DIS 37
GERMNY
Berlin-Buch: Deutsche Adidemie .der Wissenschaften zu Berlin- Institut fUr
experientelle Krebsforschung. Genetische Abteilung. Lindenberger Weg 70
D. funebrisD. funebris st: autosoml
D. fuebris wy: IIID. simulans v
D. virilis
Berlin-Dahlem: Institut fUr Genetik der Freien Universität Berlin
72 D. funebris: wild73 D. busckiii wild
74 D. hydei: wild75 D. simulans: v
76 D. virilis: wild
Tübingen: Max-Planck-Institut fUr Biologie
D. busckiiD. hydeiD. melanicaD. mirandaD. neohydeiD. pseudoobscuraD. repletaD. simlansD. virilis
3 vermilion (Spencer)4 vermlion (Tubingen-15 vermilion (Tübingen-2)6 vermilion, scute, singed,
¡-ellow, miniature,cherr, bobbed
7 white8 white, Light body
'Chromosome 5
12 red eye, brow thorax
Mul tichromos omal
D. hydei: mutantsChromosome 2
13 (1,5) bobbed; vestigial14 (2, 3, 4, 5) scarlet;
scabrous; pearlybody; javelin
Chroosome 19 ebony dunkel10 peach eye
Attached-X
15 ~Y and +/Y1 garnet eye, miniature, Chromosome 3
yellow2 miniature bristle 11 cinnbar
GRET BRITAIN
Ba:yordbury. Hertford. Herts. England: John Ines Institute
Wild Stocks Inbred Lines Chromosome 1 Mul tichromosomal
1 Bayfordbury 5 Bayfordbury (A) 9 v 13 Cy L4/Pm; H/Sb
2 Hamton Hill 6 Bayfordbury (B) 10 w
3 Samarkand 7 Oregon 11 y w ,Other Species4 Teddington 8 Samrkand
Chromosome 2 D. funebrisD. simulans
12 b pr vg
Edinburgh. Scotland: Institute of Animal Genetics
D. deflexa Duda
London. England: University College London. Department of Zoology
D. subobscura Wild Stocks Chromosome 1 v w sc/v wco sc
yInbred Lines Edinburgh
GalileeBxm ct bnt v scocpm ct sn
Chromosome 2B, K, & NFS (struc-
turally homoz,ygous)and several others
ma int mjth ma mop
January 1963 Drosophila Species - Stocks 37:61
standard order Chromosome 3 Chromosome 4 ch/Ba ant
fdMch/Ba2st
s th int ey wt ho nt pl pp pt ch kk /Ba rns th int ey mj +/gs sj otp pl ppth ma nt D. hydei vg
Chromosome 5Inverted order D. simulans J er +
ch arni ch cu
GREECE,
Votanicos. Athens: College of Agriculture. Department of Genetics
D. simulans D. subobscura - wild D. subobscura - mutants inChromosome 0
D. obscura StandardParnes (several strains)Creta (several strains)Athens (several strains)Cephallonia (several strains)Poros (several strains)
VaBa ant/STch arch cu
D. virilis
ISRAEL
Jerusalem: Hebrew Uni versi ty of Jerusalem
D. funebris (Israel)D. hydei (Israel)D. lebanonensis (Israel)
D. lebanonerisis (Israel)D. simulans (Israel)
D. subobscura (Kusnacht)D. subobscura (Israel)
l!Milano: Universita di Milano. Instituto di Genetica
D. simulans
Wild Stocks
1 Aspra2 Morro Bay3 Pavia
Stocks Selected forTuor Manifestation
4 tu B15 tu Aspra
JAPAN
Anzyo. Aichi: Nagoya University. Faculty of Agriculture
52535455
D. auraria - Anzyo-Aichi" Kiso" b (black)
D. hydei - Suginami-Tokyo
56 D. montium -57 D. virilis -58 "59
KanazawaNagoyaTobetsu-HokkaidoTokyo"
Sapporo: Hokkaido University. Faculty of Science. Department of Zoology
D. auraria: Sapporo (3 wild strains), Okoppe (1), Okushiri (2), Oshoro (1), Utoro (1)D. lutea: Sapporo (2)D. virilis: Sapporo (3), Okushiri (2), Okinoshima (1), Matsue (1), Tokyo (1), Higash
Higashi-Takasu (1), Sukayu (1)D. immigrans: Sapporo (4), Okkope (1), Kudo (1)
37:62 Drosophila Species - Stocks DIS 37
D. funebris: Sapporo (5), Akan (2), Ichinohashi (2), Okoppe (1), Chi tose (1),Okushiri (2)
D. ezoana: Raus (1)D. brachynephros: Sapporo (2)D. nigromacula ta: Sapporo (4), Iwaigawa (1), Okushiri (2), U toro (1)D. lacertosa i Sapporo (1), Utoro (1), Iwamizawa (1)D. busckii: Sapporo (2), Matsue (1)
KORE
Seoul: Chungang Uni versi ty. Department of Biologyi
D. aura ria : Tye A (12 wild strains)Tye B (3)
D. busckii (3)-
D. nigromacula ta (2)D. suzukii (5)D. virilis (3)
NETHERLNDS
Groningen: State University of Groningen. Genetical Institute
D. busckii - 2 strainsD. duncaniD. hydeiD. imgransD. lebanonEmsisD. littoralisD. me rca toru - 3 strains
D. nit ensD. pseudoobscura
3 strains Arrowhead gene arrangement3 strains Chiricahua
D. repletaD. virilisD. willistoni
SPAIN
Barcelona: Uni versidad de Barcelona. Centro de Genética Animal y Humna
D. ambigua. Several Spanish stocksD. busckii. BarcelonaD. buzzatii. Armentera (Spain)D. cameraria. BarcelonaD. funebris. Several Spanish stocks.D. hydei. BarcelonaD. iamgrans. BarcelonaD. mercatoru mercatoru. Barcelona
D. mercatoru pararepleta. Jijuca (Brazil)D. phalerata. Several Spanish stocksD. repleta. BarcelonaD. simulans. BarcelonaD. subobscura. Several Spanish stocks; mutant
stocksD. testacea. BarcelonaParascaptomyza disticha. Barcelona
January 1963 Drosophila Species - New Mutants 37:63
NEW MUTANTS
D. robusta
Report of M. Levi tan
Attention is called to the new chromosomal aberrations described in aresearch note in this issue. A sumry of the first forty, together with photo-graphs of some of them, appear in PNAS, 48:930.
D. eguinoxialis
Report of J. Ives Townsend
sh: short Townsend, 61c15. Sex-linked recessive. From X-rayed Puerto Ricanmale. Fifth longitudinal vein is shortened distal to posterior crossvein andfails to reach margin. Venation is variable; occasionally the fifth vein iscomplete, but with thinner terminal segment. Posterior crossvein often arched.No notch in -scutellum.
w: whiteRican culture.
Townsend, 60a. Sex-linked recessive. Spontaneous in a Costa
Eyes white, testes transparent. Viability excellent.
D. tropicalis
Report of J. Ives Townsend
A: Delta Bridges, 62d24. Sex-linked dominant. Spontaneous (1 female) in aPuerto Rican stock. Wing veins thickened and broadened into deltas at junctionwith margin; affects most extr~mely and often both crossveins, second vein, anddistal segment of fifth vein. Ocelli sometimes fused. Ocular bristles fre-quently reduced or missing. Viability excellent.
ro: rough Townsend, Sid. Sex-linked recessive. From X-rayed Cuban male.Eyes little reduced if any, but rough-textured because of irregular size andarrangement of facets. Viabili ty excellent.
37:64 REEARCH NOTES Drs 37
Auerbach, C. Mosaicism forrecessive sex-linked lethalsafter treatment of spermtozoawith chloro-ethyl methane sulphonate(CB 1506).
The possibility has been considered that thepeculiar brood pattern of CB 1506 - very fewmutations in postmeiotic male germ cells,very many in premeiotic ones - may be due toobligatory mutational delay, one or more genereplications being required for the origin of
a comleted mutation from the primary chemical lesion. The few complete lethals ob-tained from treated spermtozoa and spermatids might then arise as gonosomic mosaicswith wholly mutant gonads. This hyothesis was tested by examining non_lethal F 2cultures for segregation of lethal_bearing ~~. The data of five experiments are pre-sented in the Table. In Ext. A, inseminated ~~ were injected. In the other experiments,¿ó were injected and progeny was sampled for three days onl.
The frequencies of complete and mosaiclethals in five experiments
Tested chromosome: M-5 in Expts. A and B, OrK in C, D, E
Expt. A B C D E
F1
Nbr. chromosomes tested 129 601 651 322 391
Nbr. lethals 1 13 11 1 8
c¡ lethals .8 2.2 1.7 .3 2.0
F2
Nbr. tested cultures 95 140 109 70 90
Nbr. ~!? per culture 6 6 10 10 10
Nbr. mosaics 3(4)* 14 0 1 4
% mosaics 3.7(4.2)* 10 a 1.4 4.5
* Including one culture that had yielded a lethal in an additionalbatch of six ~~.
In all but one experiment, mosaics were more frequent than complete lethals.In contrast to what is usually found for mustard gas mosaics, the proportion of lethal_bearing F ~~ in the tested samples rarely reached 50%; in most cases, on~ one out ofthe testeá six or ten ~!? carried a lethal. This may indicate that mutagenic delay aftertreatment with CB 1506 usually comprises several divisions; if this were true, thetesting of larger F2 samles should reveal higher frequencies of mosaics. The data aretoo small to exclude the alternative possibility that most of the apparent mosaics were,in fact, spurious and due to the occurrence of spontaheous lethals in the sampled F ?~~.The rather high spontaneous mutation frequency which this would imply, and the occur_rence of a few bunches of lethals within samples make this assumtion less likely thanthe first. Experiments to decide between them are now in preparation.
The A.A. have been successful in producing
transmissible thoraci~ tumours in a stockdeprived of that character, injecting larvaewith cellfree extract of stock tu A2, whichshows nearly 15-20% of thoracic tumours.The induced character manifested itself
only when the 2nd chromosome of the progeny from treated larvae was isogenic.The number of lines showng thoracic tumours as an induced character is
rather high, and the treatment seems nearly equally efficient injecting females andmales, keeping the same cytoplasm of the treated individuals (transmission through
Barigozzi, . D. and A. M. KravinaInjection of cellfree extract oftumorous flies into tumourless ones,as cause of transmission of melanotictumours through both gametes.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:65
females) or replacing it by a different one also from a tumourless stock (trans-mission through males). The injection of females gives an effect which is only ali ttle stronger. The amount of abdominal tumours is also slightly increased inthe progeny from treated individuals.
Bodenstein, D. and R. C. King Autonomyof fu and fes ovarian implants.
Ovarian implants were made using as hostsor donors phenotypically wild type adultsor flies homozygous for the gene fes or
for certain alleles of the gene fu. Such mutant homozygotes develop ovarian tumorsof characteristic morphology. The tumor incidence is 100% in fes, whereas in fu,while the incidence is low in newly eclosed females, it rises as the flies59ge. Fora given age the tumor incidence is invariably lower in females from the fu stockthan in those from the fu stocks. In most cases both hosts and donors were onlya few hours old. Host tissues and implants were exaned as Feulgen-stained wholemounts. The data may be sumarised as follows:
Host Donor Time (days) No. Host Rearks No. Ovary RearksImplant in Ovaries Implants
+ female fes 6 23 non tu 6 tu+ female fu 5 10 non tu 4 tu+ female fu 6 9 non tu 5 tufes female + 3 10 tu 5 non tufes female + 9 10 tu 5 non tufes female ru 3 12 tu 4 tufes female fu 5 22 tu 7 tufes female fu59 5 4 tu 2 tufu female + 6 12 tu 5 non tufu female + 12 13 tu 8 non tufu female fes 3 12 tu 6 tu+ male fes 5 12 tu+ male fu 5 -. tu
137 76(tu = tumorous)
Examination of the results demonstrates that implants from fes or fQ femalesbehave autonomously when left in wild type female hosts for as long as 6 days orfor 5 days in wild type males. Implanted ovaries from fu females develop normal aswell as tumorous chambers, and yolk formation occurs in these normal oocytes inboth male and in + or fes female hosts. Metaphases and anaphases are observedin the tumors which develop in fu or fes implants. However, tumors are not seen inhost reproductive and digestive systems. Implants from + donors appear cytologicallynormal after developing in fes or fu abdomens for times as long as 9 and 12 days,respectively. Fusions of adjacent chambers (which might be mistaken for tumors)are sometimes seen in + implants, and these fusions also occur in + implantsdeveloping in hosts of non-tumor genotype. Thus, there is no evidence for diffusibletumorigenic agents as initiating factors in the development of the ovarian tumorscharacteristic of females homozygous for fes or fu. Research supported by the U. S.Public Health Service (Grant RG-9694); National Science Foundation #G21759.
An investiga.tion is currently being under-taken to test the effect of various meta-bolic inhibitors on the mutagenic activityof the. pyrrolizidine alkaloid heliotrine.
Potassium cyanide (0. 007M) has been found to enhance the dominant lethal and sexlinked recessive lethal frequencies produced by the alkaloid (0 .001M). One to twoday old Canton-S males were injected with 0.09 microlitres ,of heliotrine + K~~ orwi th h~liotrine alone and 24 hours later were mated to three asc females (sc InSapr sc ), fresh females being provided every 72 hours. The percentage of unhatched
Brink, N. G. The effect of potassiumcyanide on the mutagenic activity ofheliotrine.
37:66 Research Notes DIS 37
eggs was used as a measure of the dominant lethal frequency (after correction forthe "spontaneous" rate). The asc stock was used instead of the usual Muller-5because of its higher fertility. The results are shown in the following table:
Brood 1 Brood 2 Brood 3 Brood 4Dominant lethalsHeliotrineHeliotrine+KCN
6.4%4.2%
35.2$\.43.2$
35.2%45.8%v
31.6%48.2% i
Difference: not significant significant
Sex linked lethalsHeliotrine
"
7/3342.1%
16/2087.7% ./
9/7261.2$
10/7251.4%
38/4827. CJ
41/403'- 10.2$
49/6128.0%
72/66710.8%
Heliotrine+KCN
Difference: not significant significant
c2 The dominant lethal results were based on a count of over 10,000 eggs. IfX v f males are used in place of Canton-S males, the increase in the frequencyof unhatched eggs is correlated with a decrease in the female:male ratio in theFi offspring. Thus the failure of the eggs to hatch is probably resulting fromsperm inactivation or lack of sperm due to the sterilizing action of the alkaloid.It is evident that KCN has no modifyng effect in the first brood, but enhances themutation frequency in the subsequent three broods which probably correspond tothe spermtid and spermtocyte stages.
Sodium azide appears to simuiate the effects of KCN, whilst the reducing agentsodium hydrosulphi te seems to reduce the frequency of dominant lethals induced byheliotrine in the second, third and fourth broods. No data are available yet onthe effects of hydro sulphite on the frequency of recessive lethals. These resultssuggest that there may be some kind of oxygen effect involved in the mutagenicactivity of heliotrine in Drosophila, cyanide and azide increasing the oxygentension through blocking of the cytochrome system, and sodium hydro sulphitelowering the oxygen tension.
The penetrance and expressi vi ty of eyelessis different in successive daily countsfrom normal cultures of homozygous strains(Morgan, 1929; Chen, 1929). Crowding
larvae in cultures reared at 25° does not affect penetrance or expressivity, sug-gesting that quali ta ti ve nutritional differences are effective, but not generalisedfood shortages. By rearing larvae germree on defined diets containing a deficiencyor excess of particular nutrients it has been possible to demonstrate that only afew dietary constituents affect eye size. Among the B-vi tamins only folic acid andbiotin deficiencies are effective, both lowering mean eye size; excess of either hasno effect. Of the major nutrients (casein, RN, sucrose, cholesterol and lecithin),the first two alone show convincing evidence of changes of eye size with dietaryconcentration. With casein, eye size increases with concentration up to 10%(developmental optimum is 5-5.5% casein); for RNA, eye size increases with up toO. 1% RNA (developmental optimum 0.4% RNA) and then declines.
Although at 0.1% RNA mean eye size is twice that of the controls, it is notyet possible to make all adults phenotypically wild type, apparently because someeye reduction has already taken place during embryonic development.
Burnet, B. and J. H. Sang The effectsof dietary manipulations on the pene-trance and expressivity of eyeless.
Carlson, E. A. The distribution ofsex-linked lethals induced qy ICR 100in spermtozoa of D. melanogaster.
Previous studies of the monofunctionalalkylating agent ICR 100 (Carlson & Oster,1962 Genetics 47: 561-576) suggested thatsome loci may respond with a high mutation
on the high (0.88%) mutation rate at theabsence of mutations at the clot locus (2, 16.5).
rate to this mutagen. This was baseddumy locus (2, 13.0) and the virtual
January 1963 Research Notes 37:67
One hundred sex-linked lethals, induced by ICR 100 in mature spermatozoa havebeen isolated. The localization of these lethals was initiated to distinguishbetween two extreme interpretations. If all lethal genes were equally mutable,there would be no preferential allelism in a random sample of lethals other thanthat anticipated by a Poisson distribution. If, however, a few genes wereespecially mutable with this agent, this would be reflected by a high degree ofallelism at a few loci.
So far 44 seŠrlinked lethal8 have been localized. Each te2ted lethal, balancedwith the Basc (sc B In49._"l sc ) chromosome, was mated to a y v f car male. The
o 2. 3 If ,. 6 7 ßi
9 10,
II, 12-,
13, l'l
iIS"
i
-- .---\5' I'" i7
,18
, 19, .zo, 2.1, 2.2-, 23, :z t.
, 25, 2. 6
i27I' ~a 2.' 30
1
.
..
30!
31, 32.
, 3,3 3* 36,
36,
37 38 39, eto, ai
,..z
i..3 'l&l
1,,0;- - -- . .-- ---~
"'5 ii" 't7 -"8,
..~I
so S'\ .,z.,
~,
S' s-s- S1 57 S"1
5?i
'0-. . .
Ei bI b2. &3
--Figure 1. Distribution of ICR 100 sex-linked lethals showing limits of each local-ization. Lethals to the right of carnation are not listed. Potential allelismexists for lethals whose limts overlap.
37:68 Research Notes DIS 37
Fi males and F1 females in each test were allowed to mate and the ~ male progenywere used for establishing a crossover analysis. A mean of 1550 mafes was countedfor each lethal localized (568 minimum and 2403 maxium). The distribution ofthese lethals is presented in Figures 1 and 2. Note j~at allelism very likely. jexists for a region to the left of yellow (probably 1 ) and for the Nötohregion
(the Notch wing phenotype was present in 3 lethals) localized at the left end ofthe X-chromosome., It also seems likely that allelism exists at 12.9~, 20.SX, 28.5~,and 51.2~. These will be examined in more detail after the remaining sex-linkedlethals have been localized.
3
1.
I I
.,
,s
..
o ri 10 ,i; 20 2.1) 30
"31' AO 46" 50 sS" 60 6!í 70
~ .r ea.r
Figure 2. Distribution of ICR 100 sex-linked lethals in five map unit intervals.Three lethals to the right of carnation are not show on this map.
From the present data there seems to be no chromosome region from 0.0 to 55.0for the preferential occurrence of lethals induced by ICR 100. There are, however,several loci which appear to have allelic lethals. If this is borne out by moredetailed analysis, then several theories need to be exained experimentally inorder to resolve the higher apparent mutability of these loci.
(I would like to thank Claire Phillips, R. Sederoff, and R. Hendrickson fortheir assistance in this experient. Acknowledgement is also made to theNational Science Foundation for support for this research.)
The effect of X-rays on crossing-overbetween the X-chromosomes of the female hasbeen studied using the markers sc ec cv ctv g f and car. Doses of 1,000, 2,000,
4,000, 6,000 and 8,000 rads were used in addition to unirradiated controls.Two series of experiments were performed - the first using females heterozygous
for the markers sc ec cv ct v g, the second, heterozygous for the markers sc v f car.Females matured for two days at 2~C, were irradiated, and then mated to an
excess of Muller-5 males for a period of 11 days, during which time females andtheir mates were transferred daily to fresh culture vials.
X-rays produced little or no effect on the rate of crossing-over in eggs laidduring the first five days, but produced a strong depression of .crossing-over fromday 6 onwards, the percentage crossing-over decreasing with increasing dose. Themaxium effect was shown on days 7 and 8, but recovery to the control level wasslower at higher doses.
Table 1 gives the mean percentage crossing-over for days 6-11 pooled, incontrol and treated series. In the first series, following segments between sc andg, crossing-over was reduced in all regions, but the reduction was greatest in thosesegments furtherest from the centromere. In the v-g segment, although there was
Chandley. Ann C. and A. J. BatemanThe effects of X-rays on crossing-overin Drosophila melanogaster.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:69
a suggestion of increased crossing-over at 1,000 rads, this was not significant.In the second series of experiments, more attention was given to those regions
nearer the centromere, and there was again a significant decrease in crossing-over in the sc-v region. In the v-f region, the level remained about the same asthe control except for a reduction at the highest doses, but in the region nearestthe centromere (f-car), there was actually a significant increase in crossing-over,with a maximum effect at 4,000 rads. .
Mean % crossing-over in various segments of the X-chromosome in eggs laid over days6-11 from irradiation of the female.
REION MAP CONTROL 1,000 rads 2,000 rads 4,000 rads 6,000 rads 8,000 radsDISTANCE
SERIES Isc - ec 5.5 7.28 4.96ec - cv 8.2 9.62 8.13cv - ct 6.3 10.60 10.20ct - v 13.0 16.54 16.38v - g 11.4 9.88 11.18
Total Flies 2,570 1,570
SERI IIsc - v 33.0 34.99 31.25v - f 23.7 19.99 21.02f - car 5.8 4.18 4.50
Total Flies 4,415 3,371
1.72 0.905.00 2.765.84 3.16
11.30 5.009.88 5.96
3,787 1,784
27.8721.105.04
25.0821.235.95
18.1417.165.48
16.5416.625.54
9,7689,918 2,213 6,740
Counce. S. J. Polysperm inDrosophila: a reëxamina tion.
Following publication in DIS 33 of a noteon polysperm in Drosophila, correspondencewith Dr. P. E. Hildreth and Dr. A. F. Yanders
prompted a reëxamination of my material. As a result, I have come to the beiatedconclusion that my estimates based in the main on sperm tail counts in sectionedmaterial stained with iron hemato~lin are not valid. Therefore the first paragraphof the note in DIS 33: 127 should be disregarded. The sources of error in suchestimates are numerous, including fraying of sperm tails, apparent breakage, andthe difficulties inherent in tracing a single coiled or winding sperm tail through.several serial sections.
In very early eggs, one may rarely find the sperm heads still visible.In some of these eggs, polysperm has been verified by the presence of more thanone sperm head; however, never more than two sperm heads, including one which isundergoing the changes characteristic of the male pronucleus, have been found inany egg. ~hree such eggs were present in my D. virilis material. In one egg ofD. hydei, three sperm tails were found extending into the micropyle, and carefulexamination indicated that these were indeed separate from each other. Thus, whilepolysperm probably occurs within the genus Drosophila, it appears that the numbersof supernumerar, sperm per egg are probably low.
37:70 Research Notes DIS 37
The non-disjunction project referred toin DIS 36:62 is being continued. Females1 to 3 days old are taken from either ayellow apricot stock or from an asc stock
.(Muller-58frBm which the Bar marked has been lost) and after irradiation are matedto y v/ sc ~ males. Irradiation is delivered at a dose rate of about 100r perminute for the two low doses and at 250r per minute for the two high doses. In thecase of the low doses, exposures are checked by means of a Baldwin-Farmer sub-standard ionization chambe~ placed in the X-ray beam along side the polythenecapsule containing the flies. In one of the y apr series, the effects of priorinjection with chloramphenicol are being tested, while in one of the asc series,the effects of fractionating a dose of 1000r are being checked. Although sug-gesti ve, the effects of doses of 35r and 55 r are not yet statistically signfi-cant~ As a dose of 2000r appears to be more than twice as effective as one of1000r, it may be that as the dose increases, reciprocal interchanges becomeimportant factors in leading to the elimination of both X chromosomes. Thecurrent state of the project is presented in the accompanyng table.
Clark, A. M. and E. G. Clark X-rayinduced non-disjunction of the X chrom-osomes in female D. melanogaster.
Series Non-disjunctional offspring Total N.D. :ilteFemale Male Total offspring x 10
yapr control 4 9 13 104,371 1.2" 35r 1 6 7 49,212 1.4" 55r 2 7 9 48,661 1.8" 1000r 1 5 6 5,482 10.9" 2000r 7 10 17 4,641 36.6" 2000r 2 8 10 2,875 34.8+ chloramphenicol
asc control 5 26 31 59,407 5.2" 55r 4 4 18,315 2.2" 1000r 9 9 7,996 11.2"
500r + 2 4 6 10,927 5.5500r
Effects of gama irradiation in inducingmutation in a quantitative trait, thoraxlength was determined in a long inbred lineof Drosophila melanogaster through an experi-mental design involving selection for thorax
length. Adult flies were exposed to 1500 to 2000r each generation just prior tomating. Selection was carried out for increase and decrease of thorax length. Therewere four types of experimental lines created thereby, namely, (1) non-irradiated,non-selected; (2) irradiated, non-selected; (3) irradiated, selected for long thoraxlength; and (4) irradiated, selected for short thorax. After six generations of sel-ection, irradiation, and maintenance of the cultures at 26°c~ replicates of the fourlines were raised at two additional temperatures, 18° C. and 30° C. during the seventhgeneration to determine the extent of effective selection expressed at other temper-atures. Results are presented in Table 1 and 2 for males and females respectively.
Come, Thomas V. and Donald J. Nash.Effects of selection expressedat different temperatures inDrosophila melanogaster.
Table 1 Mean Thorax Leng~h (x 10-2mm.)
Tye of Line Males18°
97.594.192.190.2
26°91.590.489.387.4
K88.487.786.883.4
Non-irradiated, non-selectedIrradiated, long selectedIrradiated, non-selectedIrradia ted, short-s elected
January 1963 Research Notes 37:71
Table 2 Mean Thorax Length
Tye of Line Females18°
109.6106.7103.9102.2
26°103.7103.9100.899.0
Ê100.6100.6100.398.0
Non-irradia ted, non- selectedIrradiated, long selectedIrradiated, non-selectedIrradiated, short-selected
The data indicate that irradiation without selection has brought about adecrease in thorax length. Selection imposed upon irradiated lines appears to havebeen successful in both directions. At 26° C. thorax lengths of flies selected forlarge thorax are about the same as controls for female flies but smaller for themales. Thorax length is negatively correlated with temperature. It is of interestto note that the relative, as well as absolute, differences in thorax lengths appeargreater at 18° that 26°. At 30°, however, the gains realized by selection appearless than at 26°. Additional data from these experiments including effects of densityand sex ratio will be presented soon.
Counce. S. J. Fate of sperm tailswithin the Drosophila egg.
Yanders & Perras (DIS 34: 112) have foundtha t sperm length differs considerablyamong the species of Drosophila which theyhave examned. We have found that different species of Drosophila have also
developed their own methods of handling the male gametes wi thin the egg. In ~repleta and D~ hydei, the entire sperm does not enter the egg, some of the tailextending through the length of the micropyle; we were not able to determine whethersome (or how much) of the tail might extend out of the micrQPyle. The tail remainsvisible throughout embryogenesis in both species, and usually can be found in thestomodaeal cavity of the mature embryo. In repleta, the sperm tail material isfound only in the anterior third of the egg, while it penetrates deeply into thehydei egg. It is probable that the entire sperm does not enter the egg in Q.gibberosa, for in early stages the tail is apparent extending into the micropyle.However, the sperm tail either quickly breaks down or loses its affinity' for ironhematoxylin, and is rarely observed by the time the syncytial blastoderm forms.
The other species so far examined (D. willistoni, D. melanogaster, D. busckii,D. funebris, D. virilis and D. americana) appear to include the entire male gametein the egg, for sperm tails are not found in the micropyle. In virilis and americanathe sperm tails form large and conspicuous coils in the anterior region which areshunted into the yolk at the time of blastoderm formation, and are eventually con-tained in the yolk enclosed by the midgut where they are still apparent in themature embryo. In funebris, there is considerable sperm tail material, distributedhelter-skelter throughout the cytoplasm, and often extending almost three quartersof the length of the egg. Sperm tails have been found within the gut lumen in lateembryos. In willistoni, melanogaster, and busckii, sperm tail material isrela ti vely sparse and limited to the anterior third of the egg. In willis
toni andbusckii, sperm tails are not found later than mid cleavage. In melanogaster, spermtails may still be apparent after embryogenesis is well under way, but this variesfrom embryo to embryo.
Yanders & Perras (QQ. cit.) close their note with the following statement:"We hope... .to extend our data... .in order to determine whether sperm length mayhave definite taxonomic relationship or is merely a fascinating topic for dinnertable conversation." The same might be said for the above observations. However,i~ is of interest to note that the behavior of related species regarding the dis-position of sperm within the egg is similar (e.g., D. repleta and D. hydei;D. virilis and D. americana); also that different methods of handling long gameteswi thin the egg ha ve evolved wi thin the genus Drosophila.
37:72 Research Notes DIS 37
de Mazar Barnett, B. K. Inductionof mutations by ni tromin and thiotepa in Drosophila melanogasteroöcytes.
Four sexlinked recessive lethal tests werecarried to study the mutagenic effect of Ni tro-min (bis (B-chloroethyl )methylamineoxide-dehydro-chloride) and Thio Tepa (N, N', N"-Triethylene-thiophosphoramide) in Drosophila melanogaster
oöcytes. Each of the mutagens was tested in females aged two and six days. In allcases wild type "Sinle" females were injected intra-abdominally with 0.0004 ml. ofa 0.4% saligi solution of8 the mutagen and imediately after treatment were massmated to sc BInS wa sc ("Basc") males. Two day old females were allowed to layeggs for three days and six day old females for 36 hours. The yield of recessivelethals in the F2 is shown in the table.
Nitromin (7 x 10-~) Thio Tepa C3 x 10-~)
No. chromo No. % No. chromo No. %
Age tested lethals lethals tested lethals lethals
2 days 427 415 9 _2.16
6 days 984 6 0.60 1,033 59 5.71
Two significant facts emerge from these results: first, the higher yieldof mutations in six day old females and, second, the more marked mutagenic effect ofThio Tepa.
According to King et al. (1956, 1957) only around 0.97% of the developingoöcytes of two day old females have reached maturity (stage 14) while in six day oldfemales, 13% of the oocytes are mature. The greater ~ensitivity of stage 14 oöcytesfound in this experiment agrees with Parker's data (1960) on se~sitivity to X radiation.
As to the higher frequency of mutations obtained when using Thio Tepa, itis of interest to mention that it was also observed in previous experiments with males.
de Mazar Barnett, Beatriz K. Sex-linked recessive lethals induced byThio Tepa in Drosophila melanogastermales.
wa sc8 ("Basc") females. In order tobrood technique was used.
Two day old wild (Oregon R) males were in-jected intra-abdominally with O.4UL of a 0.4%saline solution of 1.5 x 1 a-2M Thio Tepa
(N,N' ,Nil Triethylenethiophosphoramidei, and24 hours later were mass mated to scS BInSfractionate the progeny a standard three day
The yield of recessive lethal mutations observed in the F2 is shown in thetable:
Brood æ tested chromosomes æ lethals % lethals
I 430 21 4.88II 412 22 5.33
III 523 13 2.48IV 454 26 5.72
The sharp drop in the lethal rate observed in the third brood (which wouldcorrespond to early spermatids) is followed by a pronounced peak in the fourth brood
(spermatocytes). These results are consistent with those of Luers (DIS 33) who ad-ministered this same compound in the males' food, although he did not go further thanthe third brood.
This brood mutation pattern differs from others, induced by other mutagens,including another polyethyleneimine.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:73
New observations on "brown spots" of Droso-phila melanogaster have emphasized the im-portance of the copulation for the manifes-tation of the character. In fact, virgin
females bsp/bsp, grown old without males, do not show any spot. When virgin femalesare separated from males, after the accomplishment of. the first phases of courtshipbut prior to copulation they show no spots; on the other hand repeated copulationsbarely increase the degree of spotting. Injection of cellfree extract of bsp malesis unable to cause the appearance of brown spots in virgin bsp/bsp females. Copula-tion with males of eight different non bsp stocks causes the manifestation of brownspots in bsp/bsp females. Males, which are sterile owing to sperm immotility,do not lose the ability to provoke brown spots. All these elements allow one toconclude that the manifestation of the genotype bsp/bsp is caused actually by jcopulation, but not depending on fertilization.
di Pasquale, A. and L. Zambruni Themanifestation ofi' the genotype bsp/bspcaused in the females by copulation.
The description of the character bsp has been given in DIS 33 (di Pasquale).The present illustrations show: ~, female showng two large spots on the rightside of the abdomen; £ and £ two pieces of unstained integuent showing spots ata magnification of about 450 times..
a b è
Doane, W. W. Carbohydrate contentof adipose females.
Various histological Dbservati~ns of abnormalfat bodies in mature adult adp s (previouslyfs(2)adp) homozygotés suggest a below_normal
glycogen level (Doane, J. Exp. 2001. 145: 1_22). Another indication of glycogen de-ficiency in homozygotes is their poor flight ability. (Wigglesworth, 1949, J. Exp.BioI. 26:150-63, demonstrated that . melano aster utilizes glycogen in flight.) Thefertile allele of this mutant, adp Doane, DIS, this issue), also displays thesetendencies. To investigate this situation, a series of analyses are in progress todetermne, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the effect of the mutant alleles onthe carbohydrate level in adults at different ages in development. Determnations, sofar, have been made of total carbohydrate content in individual females ranging in agefrom 2_4 hours to 21 days.
37:74 Research Notes DIS 37
6Q The most complete data is preßÖnted in the table below, showing a comparisonof adp homozygotes with +/+ and +/adp at eight days of age. An Oregon/Sevelenresidual genome was used in all tests and obtained by making suitable crosses b~tweenhighly inbred lines of Oregon_R and S~velen containing either the mutant or its wildtype allele. Flies were raised at 25 C., on standard corn meal and molasses agar withbrewer's yeast. A heavy suspension of baker's yeast was added to the surface of foodbottles used to age flies and care was taken to avoid crowding and to insure equivalentdiets for the different genotypes. In the first series of determinations, flies wereremoved from food 17 hours prior to testing in order to rid the gut of yeast cells.Subsequent determinations were made on flies that were maintained on food up until thetime of testing, when the head and attached gut were pulled out. The latter method ofeliminating the problem of variability introduced by food in the gut proved the simplestand was used thereafter. Single females were homogenized in o. 3N HCI04, centrifuged,and the total CHO content (in ~g./mg/ tissue) of the supernatant determined by use ofanthrone reagent with gi ucose as the standard.
Total carbohydrate in 8_day adult females(glycogen equivalents)
No. of Ave. Wt. Ave. CHO ContentGenotype Series Females (mg. ) (~g./mg. tissue) s
+/+ 1)* 4 1.21 46.28 7.152) 4 1.10 36.51 0.983) 4 \ 1.09 44.15 4.25
m = 42.31
d 60/ d 60 1) * 4 1.21 18.48 1.38a pap2) 4 1.11 26.42 1.213) 4 1.01 26.36 5.09
m = 23.75
+/adp60 1) * 4 1.22 32.62 2.292) 4 1.15 37.72 8.393) 4 1.06 44.44 11.51
m = 38.26
* l~ole flies, 17 hours off food; all others with head and gut removed.
6 It is clear from the table that the total CHO content in 8_day old adp 60/adp 0 females falls well below +/+ (P_values for each series = ~O.001, i_test).Mutant homozygotes are also significantly below heterozygotes with P_values of~O.001, ~0.05, and ~0.05 for series 1, 2, agè 3 respectively. Signïfigônt d~Öferenceswere not demonstrated between +/+ and +/adp . The CHO content of adp /adp at 8days is only slightly higher than values determined in newly emerged adults of allgenotypes (over-all ave. = 19. 79 ~g66mg.), wlen CHO level is at a minimum. Indicationsare that homozygotes for either adp or adp s alleles contain approximately the sameamount of CHO as +/ + at the time of emergence, but that as adult development Pfoceedrthey fall behind the wiid tygÖ. I60is not yet clear whether the effect in adp s/adp sis equivalent to that in adp /adp ; it ~y be more pronounced. After completingdeterminations for the developmental sequence of both alleles and their heterozygotes,the next step will be to distinguish between levels of different carbohydrate s, i. e. ,glycogen, trehalose, etc., and to see if all or only some tissues of the body areaffected. The relationship between deficiencies in CHO and accumulation of excesslipids in the mutant fat body is being sought.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:75
To analyze biochemically the non-autono-mous sex-linked lethal mutants (describedin the New Mutants section of this Drs)it has been necessary to separate the
lethal-bearing larvae from the normal ones found in the same culture. This hasordinarily been done by marking the lethal-bearing chromosome with yellow andseparating larvae by the coloration of the mouth hooks. This is a very timeconsumng and tedious procedure, particularly when the lethal acts about or somewhatbefore the third instar, and the yield is low. It is obvious that much would begained if the larvae to survve in the cultures would be predominantly or entirelyof the lethal class. A system which causes the death or absence of the non-lethallarvae, but does not affect those carryng the lethal, has been developed.
The means of elimi~tion ar£b~he presence in the stock, as prepared forlarvae collection, of bb with Y and Segregation Distorter-72, as well as areciprocal translocation between the X and second chromosomes. This translocationwas induced in the cn bw stock used in maintaining the SD-72 line and is sensitiveto the action of this mutant.
The genetic scheme of the mating to obtain the lethal-bearing larvae is asfollows:
Ehrlich, Elizabeth. A method forobtaining only l~thal larvae inquantity.
X(lethal) /Muller-5 bbl x ybb- /T(1 :2)cn bw/SD-72The classes of flies needed for this final mating are carried in the followingstocks:
(a) X(lethal) balanced with Muller-5 bbl
(b) ybb-/T(1:2)cn bw/SD with T(1:2)cn bw/Muller-5;This latter stock re~uires for its maintainance a stock of T(1:2)cnwi th Muller- 5; Cy sp .
(i wish to acknowledge the time and interest spent by Mr. Thomasgraduate student, in synthesizing the several stocks and in preparingtranslocation basic to the scheme.)
2Cy spbw balanced
Foster,the X:2
Falk, R. Interactionbetween scu ts and hairy.
It has been suggested (Falk, Am. Nat., 1962)tha t the loci hand sc may be involved in acontrol system. Scute may be one of the
stuctural genes of this system while the hairy locus may be concerned with regul-ation. The wild type allele of the regulator locus is presumed to inhibit the pro-duction of bristles at abnormal sites by interferimg with the activity of the struct-ural genes. Recessive mutant alleles of the regulator are expected to allow the pro-duction of additional bristles at abnormal sites because the inhibitory effect iseliminated or diminished. If, however, the structural gene is replaced by an inactiveallele (sc) it is expected that all bristles of this system will be missing, so thateven h/h flies will not show the hairY phenotype. Indeed, Steinberg (DIS, 1942) notedthis expected suppression of h by sc 7. The interaction of sc and h was examined withsc alleles not connected with major aberrations (from a sc v f.= and a y ac sc pn snstock). The expressivity of the scute alleles was variable. Whenever the scuteeffect on the scutellum was fully expressed (no scutellar bristles present) no hairyeffect could be detected; while when at least one scutellar bristle developed thehairy phenotype too was expressed. The results are in line with expectation andsuggest a rather complicated system influenced by a number of genetic as well asenvironmental factors.
(This work is supported by U.S. Public Health Service grant RG 8258.)
Frost, J. Whi te deficiencies. During the course of experiments onprimary nondisjunction described in the
accompanying report, 16 apparent cases of white deficiencies occurred. Becauseof sterility only 11 could be tested, but all 11 had occurred concomitant with anexchang~ between yellow and echinus. Apparently more than one type of deficiencyoccurred as two also show a Notch phenotype. These are being tested further.
37:76 Research Notes DIS 37
Crossing over is generally believed toensure the proper disjunction of homolo-gous chromosomes in the first meiotic
division by holding them together until metaphase. However Bridge~ s re~ults
(Genetics, 1916) indicated that crossing over occurred frequently in. primary ?on-disjunction. Further evidence on this point was obtained by collecting 28 pr~aryfemale exceptions from parents heterozygous for 8 genes from yellow to carna~ion.Ten of the 28 carried at least one crossover chromosome, but the total map dis-tance was about 1/3 the map distance of chromosomes disjoining normally. No pre-ferential location of the crossovers was indicated. Nondisjunction at the. secondmeiotic division,' if it occurred, must have been rare, as 7 of the 8 equational.exceptionals had become homozygous for genes located distal to the crossover point.See also the report of John Merriam on this same subject. We both conducted thesame type of experiment quite independently of each other.
Frost, J. Primary nondisjunctionand cros sing over.
In experiments designed with the hopeof exposing the X-ray dose-frequencyrelation of minute chromosome changesof the yellow region in Drosophila, youngmales containing an inverted X-chromosome
were exposed to 4 different X-ray doses then mated imediately to virgin femlescontaining the marker yellow. All exceptional yellow femle daughters occurredsingly and were progeny-tested in single pair matings at the time of their de-tection with control y w In49 f males. All of the genetic tests were carried outby performing several single _paiè ma tings of exceptional yellow virgin females_(gßnotype is designated as y sc B/y w In49 f, and referred to hereafter as ysc B) from stocks derived from each of the transmissible yellows with varioustester males.
The genetic analysis consisted of five steps. The crosses were as follows:
1. y- sc8 B/y w In49 f x sc8.y/iJ1 scJ1 (the iJ1 test)
2. y- sc8 B/y w In49 f x sc8.Y/ac3 wa (the ac test)- .8 8 4 83. y sc B/y w In49 f x sc .Y/y w sc - sc (the bb test)
Complete counts were made of the progeny of the above 3 crosses. Observationsplus partial counts were made of the progeny of the crosses below.
J1- - 8 /4. 1 Y sc B Y w In49 f x males from different stocks
containing mutant markers known to be located closestto the tips of IIR (M33a, 108.0) and IVR (Cat).
5. y- sc8 B/y w In49 f x sc.yL/YLac_sc §t f.yS andmating the F Bar males (sc.y /y sc B) ~ ~to females tlat were virgins because their brotherswere sterile. _ 8
The data of the genetic analysis of each y sc B stock was recorded on a separatefiling card, and those cards with common structural formulae were grouped together,tabulated, and fi tsed into a categorical scheme of different genetic events (i. e.,minute, gross, X-Y exchanges, or presumptive point mutation).
The genetic analysis of those yellows (recovered from the lowest X-ray §oseused, i.e., 500 r) which were able to breed is given in Table 1. Each y sc Bstock (designated by number in the y $ column of the table) was numbered accordingto the level of irradiation dose of the parental culture from which it originatedand in the sequence in which it was found. In colums 2-7 of the table the symbol- indicates an affected or deficient locus (i.e., mutant phenotype) while + indicatesa non-affected or normal allele. In columns 8-10 of the table the symbol _indicates "non-viable" while + indicates "via~le.Š The last colum gives thetotal flies counted in the analysis of each y sc B chromosome. The absence of asymbol anyhere in the 9 colums indicates the lack of data.
Unfortunately, the genetic analysis was not designed to expose the maxiumnumber of gross chromosome change yellows.
Frye, Sara H. Structure of "yellow"mutations induced by a X-ray dose of
500 r of scute-8 chromosomes ofmature sperm.
(the autosomaltip test)
(the yS test)
January 1963 Research Notes 37:77
(i was ver, fortunate in having had the use of'the abundant facilities of Dr. I.H. Herskowitz's laboratory at St. Louis University and the extremely capableassistance of Clara Boudreau. Acknowledgement is made to A.E.C. grant (11-1)-133.)
This article may be quoted since it is submitted to Drs 37 as a supplement to anarticle in press - Frye, S. H. ! tentative X-ray dose-freguency relation of minutechromosome changes of the yellow region in Drosoohila melanogaster.
ES-II
Age of sperm: a - 2 days 2-4 days
il 's y 'sControls Subseries F B 's ¡b~. Nõ.--.: F B 's ¡b~. Nõ.--.:18,520 1
ES II a ' 15,745ES II b 9,538 8,444 1 .01ES II c 10,363 1 .009 12,204ESII d 3,881 .8,662ES II eES II fES II g 5,882 - - 4,476 - -T - T -
2/87,715 38,184 49,531
500 r ES II a C 11,386 8 .06 16,010 7 .03ES II b C 11,423 6 .05 19,087 5 .02ES II c C 14,482 3 .02 13,109 5 .03ES II d C 4,709 1 .02 8,863 6 .06ES II e P 21,919 13 .05 29,198 15 .05ES II f P 21,269 13 .06 31,837 12 .03ES II g P 13.024 14 ~ 41.351
-% ~125/277,667 118,212 58 159,455
3000 r ES II a C 3,727 14 .37ES II b C 7,229 9 .12 4,685 13 .27ES II c C 3,794 7 .18 2,532 2 .07ES II d C 2,207 5 .22 3,751 8 .21ES II e P 7,194 18 .25 9,462 21 .22ES II f P 10,416 27 .25 10,190 29 .28ES II g C 4,075 10 .24 5,159 11 .21ES II h C 4,204 ~ .. 4,704 ~ ~
197/83,329 39,119 90 44,210 107
iJ1+ +bb+ r.y- + - + - 8 sc.yL
Totaly $ ~ M33a ..y Cat .y sc . Y l ~
500 (1/2) + + + 329501 + + + 439503 + + + 472504 + + + 325505 .. + + 381508 + + + 319510 (+?) . + 51511 + + + 318512 + + + 331513 + + + 295514 + + 296515 + + + 289
516 + + . + 170
517 + + + 289518 + + + 215519 + + + 239
37:78 Research Notes DIS 37
iJ1+ +bb+
S - + - + - 8 sc.yLTotal
y $ ~ l. M33a .y Cat .y sc .Y y Count
520 ¡. - + + + 401
521 + + + 348522 ( 1/2) + + + 166
52l + + + 351
524P + + + 343525P + + + 410
528P + + + 334530P + + + 586531P + + 402532P + + + 426
534P + + + 515536P + + + 512540P + + + 46654l + + + 543543P + + + 403
544P + + + 465545P + + + 656
546P + + + 465547P + + + 510548~ (1/2) - + + + 352550p . + + + 458551p + + + 554552p + + + 458
553p + + + 540554p + + + 532555p + + + 392556p + + 463558p + + + 498559p + + + 439560p + + + 359561p + + + 394562p + + + 554563p + + + 603
564p + + + 604
565p + + + 141
566 + + + 173
, 500 + + + 214, 501 + + + 210, 504 + + + 293, 505 + + + 209
, 506 + + + 327, 507 + + + 288, 509 + ( +r) + + 120
, 510 + + + 307, 511 + +/- + 215
, 513 + + + 321, 515 + + + 322, 516 + + + 150
'517 + + + 220
, 518P + + + 436, 519P + + + 328, 520P + + + 426, 521P + + + 470'522P + + + 419
January 1963 Research Notes 37:79
iJ1+ +bb+ yS.y- + - + - 8 L Total
y $ ~ M33a .y Cat .y sc .Y sc.Y Y Count, 524P ,- - + + + 368, 525P + + + 461'52~ + + + 539, 528P + + + 446, 529P + + 410, 530P + + + 384, 531P + + + 495'53~ + + + 395, 534 + + + 419, 535P + + + 356, 539P + + + 423'54~ + + + 449, 541 + + + 434'545 + + + 324, 54;p + + + + 369, 544 + + + 412, 545P + + + 447, 546P + + + 443, 547P + + + 377'548P + + + 480, 550P + + + 432'55~ + + + 459, 55;3 + + + 383, 554 + + + 425, 555P + + + 465, 556P + + + 327
iJ1+ +bb+ l+ + - + - 8 L ':ota-l
y $ ~ M33a .y Cat .y .ê sc.Y Y ~502 -/ - 321506 -/ - 295509 -/ - 321
529P -/- 35253~ + -/- 345542 + -/- 310
, 508 -/- 216
'53~ + -/ - 342, 551 ;- -/- 310
507 (dk) + + + + + + + 389
526P + + + + + 504535P ( +) + + + + 435537P + + + + + + + 422539P + + + + + + + 466549P ( +) + + + + + 441
'502 (1/2) + + + + + + 389
37:80 Research Notes DIS 37
iJ1+ +bb+ l+ + - + .. 8 L
Totaly $ ac M33a .y Cat .y sc . Y sc.Y Y Count
, 523P + + + + + + 467
, 536P ( +) + + + + 389
, 538P + + + + + 380
0-2 day sperm from time of treatmentP protracted dose-rate 35.5 r/minute
Fujita, Y. and Y. Nakao. A testof mutagenicity and chromosome break-ing ability of 4-Ni troquinoline-N-oxide in D. melanogaster (injectionèxperiment) .
It is known that 4NQO reacts with protein,especially with SH-protein. This factsuggests that 4NQO is similar to formalde-hyde in its effects. Because it is wellestablished that formaldehyde has mutagenicaction only at two definite stages, auxocytes
and mature spermatozoa (Auerbach and Moser, 1953), we tested to determine whether4NQO is mutagenic at the stage of mature spermatozoa in D. melanogaster.
3 ~l of the agent at the concentration of 10-~ (in 0.4% NaCl) was injectedwi th an Agla micrometer syringe into one day Sîld OrK ¿~. 24 hours after injectionthe ¿¿ were mated to i¡2 of the genotype y.ê In!!.§; bw; st. Each ¿ was giventhree virgin 22 every three days to produce four successive broods. Lethals werescored in the progeny of the daughters crossed to M-5 ¿¿, and translocations involvingchromosome II, III and Y were scored in the progeny of the sons mated to 22 of theparental genotype. However, we could not find any clear increase of rates of eitherlethals or translocations at this concentration of 4NQO, and this is almost the maxi-mum concentration of the agent to dissolve into 0.4% NaCl solution or into water.
Gersh, Eileen S. T(X;4)20G1anq the white locus.
The translocation 20G1 was described by Gans
(1953) as having breaks between 3C1 and 2.3and in 102F. It is viable (with + phenotype)
in homozygous and hemizygous condition. Females hyperploid for the left end of Xattached to the fourth (here designated 20G1L) are viable, while hyperploid malessurvi ve in one-third or less of the expected frequency.
The following are the phenotypes observed in flies carrying 20G1L in comb-ina tion with various X ~g80~gsomes: - . +
1. ¿¿ Df( 1)w 4 - ~~OG1L/Y - w2. ¿¿ Df(1)~ Lrst /20¥1L/Y do not survive3. 22 yw/yw/20G1L - w4. 22 w~/w:/20G1L - w:5. 22 w /w /20G1L - w
The fact that 20G1L covers the first deficiency (lacking 3C1 only) but notthe second (lacking 3C2.3 only) seems to confirm Gans' conclusion that the break in
20G1 is between these two bands. The coverage of mutant alleles by 20G1L is surprising,however, in view of the fact that duplications including 3C2.3 but not 3e1 cover mutantsat four different sub-loci of the w locus (Green 1959). One explanation which wouldaccommodate all the data is that 20G1L includes a minute, cytologically undetectablepart of the band 3C2. 3 in which are located the + alleles of the w, wa and we mutants.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:81
The In( 1)rst3, y rst3 car bb X chromosomedoes not cause white-mottling at 18° Qr 22°C.of homozygous ~~, of In(1)rst3, y rstJ car
bb/w ~~, or of In(1)rst3, y rst3 car bb/Y ¿¿.
in(1)rst3ó y rst3 car bb/O ¿¿ (with no Y chromosome) show mottling for whiteat both 18° and 22 C., there being little difference in degree of pigmentation at thetwo temperatures.
Gersh, Eileen S. Variegation 3at the white locus in In(1)rst .
As would be expected, In(1)rst3, y rstJ car' bb/~w.~y+ ~~ (with an extraY) have wild type eyes.
Giavelli, S., E. Gallucci, L. V.Pozzi, and G. P. Sironi.Preliminary results on the mechanismof the oxygen effect in X-rays inducedmutations.
In earlier experiments it was observed thatanoxia decreases and oxygen increases theX-rays induced mutation frequency in the germcells of Drosophila males. In order to studythe mechanism of the oxygen effect on X-raysinduced mutations and to analyze whether the
effect of this gas is due to different metabolic conditions of the irradiated flies,Oregon-R males have been irradiated with 220 kV X-rays, with a dose of 600r in oxygen,at the temperature of 2s'C. and of OoC., thus at normal or depressed metabolism.
The males soon after irradiation have been mated to three Muller-5 virginfemales every day, for 12 days. The number of progeny from these matings and therecessive sex linked lethal mutatio:is have been scored and the results obtainedhave been referred to the spermatogenesis stage in which the males germ cells hadbeen irradiated. A lower number of progeny has been found after the X-rays treatmentin oxygen at OoC. than at 2~C., but no significant difference has been found in themutation frequency induced by treatment at different temperatures. The oxygen effectin the mutation process has been considered independent from the metabolism of theirradia ted flies and considered as due to increased priary chromosome breaks, whenoxygen is given during the irradiation. Work in progress will try to study themechanism of oxygen in the recovery process.
Gibson, J. B. and J. M. Thoday.Maternal inheritance of a sterno-pleural chaeta number differencein Drosophila melanogaster.
Parallel with the disruptive se~ection linewhich was designed to test the possibility ofproducing an isolation barrier (Thoday andGibson 1962), we have run three other lines,all with the same population size, all utiliz-
ing sternopleural chaeta number as the character under selection, and all derivingfrom the same wild stock. The second line was a "quasi-random" mating disruptiveselection line in which there were in each generation equal numbers high x high,high x low, low x high and low x low chaeta number progeny assayed. The hybrids inthis line have regularly been intermediate in chaeta number between the parents andthere has been no indication of any striking difference between the progeny ofreciprocal hybridisa tions.
The other two lines were a stabilizing selection line selected for theoriginal mean of the population (18.5 chaetae per fly) and a control line. Aftertwenty-two generations of selection the stabilizing line was terminated and herit-ability tests were set up of this line and of the control line using assortativemating, progeny testing as far as possible equal numbers of flies throughout thewhole range of chaeta numbers of the two lines. At the time of these tests thestabilizing selection line had a mean square, within sex and culture, of about 3.5and the control about 4.0. The regression of offspring mean on parent chaeta numberwas 0.2 for the control line and almost 0.7 for the stabilizing line.
37:82 Research Notes Drs 37
So high a regression suggested a maternal component in the inheritanceof the characte~ in the stabilizing line. The progeny qf the extreme high and lowcultures of the heritability test were set up further with the four classes ofmating H x H, H x L, L x Hand L x L, and gave offspring with means characteristicof their mothers. From the progeny of these matings the eight kinds of mating weset up HH x HH, HH x LL, HL x LL, LH x HH, LH x LL, LL x HH, and LL x LL where HHfor example refers tò a female or a male with a high mother and a high father.The progeny of these matings gave means (Tables 1 and 2) showing no significanteffect of fathers, but a considerable difference arising from both maternl grand-mothers and maternal grandfathers (Table 2). The evidence therefore seems to dem-onstrate almost complete influence of maternal nuclear genotype on offspring pheno-type.
The difference in chaeta number is large (over 3.5 chaetae per fly),and attempts are being made to locate the maternal effect. It is interesting tofind that so big a chaeta number difference can be entirely maternally determined.
Table 1
Mean chaeta numbers
~parent ¿ parent
HH LL
HH 22.6 22.1HL 20.0 19.8LH 20.5 20.2LL 18.6 19.0
Table 2
Analysis of variance of culture totals (sexes separate)
Source
Total
Between cultureswithin sexes + sexculture interactions
Sex
Sex x parentalclassesParental classes
FathersFa thers x moth ers
Total mothers
Mother's mother
Mother's father
Interaction
M.S.
53.3.! l.63
8.6 48
144.0 1 .c 0.001
14.6 7 ? 0.05 ""
385.4 7 small
14.1 1 0.213.9 3 0.2
880.7 3 small
976.6 1 small1,580.1 1 small
85.6 1 .c 0.01
Reference: Thoday, J. M. and Gibson, J. B., "Isolation by Disruptive Selection",Nature, 193, 4821, 1962.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:83
Among the several types of sensory cells ofDrosophila are the sensilla campaniformia
(s. a. ) . According to Miller (Biology ofDrosophila, pp. 501-503) s.a. are located on the wings, bottoms and legs. Amongthose on the wings, 4 are located on vein III and one in the posterior cross vein.Others are confined to the wing base.
Green, M. 'M. Hairy mutants andsensilla campaniformia.
In the course of scoring extra wing hairs in individuals of several geno-types, it was noted that the numbers of s.a. along vein III increased in some, notothers. Counts of s.a. have been sumarized in the following table. Data of femalesonly is given; males of identical genotypes were equivalent.
Genotypei¡~
Mean s.a. range
s~ h~se h 6.2 5-9h /h 5.5 4-7Hwé+ 8 3.6 3-4sc / sc 8 3.0 3hS /+; s§ /+ 7.4 6-9hS/+;sc .y 6.2 5-8hS/+ 3.1 3-4
Except for Hw, those genotypes characterized by increased hairs along veinIII have increased numbers of s.a. Furthermore, where extra s.a. were found, theywere frequently found on veins II and iv where they are normally never present.
Since it is apparent that mature oocytes ofD. melanogaster are more sensitive to radiationthan earlier stages in oogenesis, it becomesimportant in interpreting the results of some
radiation experiments with Drosophila females to know how many mature oocytes can beexpected to be present in the particular females being irradiated. King, Rubinson,and Smith (Growth 1956) state that there is an average of 12 ovarioles, or egg tubes,per ovary in Oregon-R females, and that in virgin females mature oocytes (eggs withfully developed filaments) accumulate as the females age until there is one, but onlyone, mature oocyte in each ovariole. Therefore a four day old Oregon-R virgin con-tains, on the average, 24 mature oocytes - one for each ovariole. Patterson, Brewster,and Winchester, (Jour. Heredity 1932) state that the average number of matureoocytes retained by a four day old melanogaster virgin is 53.8. Because of thisapparent discrepancy several kinds of four day old melanogaster virgins have recentlybeen examined with the following results. The females were aged in vials wi thou ttransfer, in groups of 5-20 per vial. In no instance were the females of a giventype that were examined all from the same hatch.
Gregg, T. G. and John Day.Retention of mature oocytes inD. melanogaster virgins.
Ave. No. Mature Ave. No. Ovarioles. No. noocytes per
S'per ovary dissected
white ~S' 35.5 15.5 44
Oregon RS'~ 55.4 18.0 26
Heustons Woods S'ö 63.0 17.4 39(wild type from xford, Ohio)
F1ö~ from
cross of 74.4 18.2 9re-Rdd' & Heus. Woods
S'S'
F1 ~S' from cross of 90.8 15.4 11Ore-R~~ & Heus. Woods ¿¿
37:84 Research Notes DIS 37
"
These results indicate clearly that there is considerable variation between strainsin the degree to which four day old melanogaster virgins produce and retain matureoocytes, and that there is no "standard behavior" with respect to oocyte retention.In the case of the white femles many individuals did have no more than one matureoocyte per ovariole, but others had a few ovarioles which definitely contained twomature oocytes. In the case of Oregon R-females of this particular stock severalfemales had no more than one mature oocyte per ovariole, but most of them had anumber of ovarioles containing two mature oocytes. All of the other kinds of fe-males shown above had at least some ovarioles which contained more than one matureoocyte. In the case of the F1 females from the cross between Oregon-R females andHeuston's Woods males many ovarioles contained four mature oocytes.
The data also suggest the possibility that the more vigorous females produceand retain more mature oocytes. Thus females from the mutant lab stock retain feweroocytes than females from the wild type lab stock of long standing, Oregon R, whichin turn retain fewer ooeytes than females from a wild type stock that has only beencarried in the lab for about a year, which in their turn retain fewer oocytes thanthe hybrid females.
At the recent Drosophilß Conference (St.Louis) I stated that ci arose in the progeny of an X-rayed male larva. This
statement was based on a ver, positive memory of a conversation with Patterson, manyyears ago, and upon sßme seminar notes which I cannot find. The only proper andofficial record on ci is found in Patterson and Muller, 1930: Are progEessivemutations produced by X-rays? Genetics 15:495-578. In this account, ci appearedas a mosaic male which was sired by a male which had been irradiated not less than20 days before the mating. Accordingly, while apologizing for an errant memory, Imay still propose that the aberration arose in a 4-stranded early meiotic body. Thisproposal is amplified in a paper which is in preparation.
Griffen, A. B.statement.
Correction of a
The degree of compatibility at the organlevel between genotypically differentstocks of Drosophila melanogasterhas beentested, using the method of ovary grafting.
As recipients, two different wild tumorous stocks have been used (tu A2 and tu B3),and three donors: Chieti-vermilion, vermilion and yellow white. For each donor-host combination on the average 300 larvae have been submitted to ovary grafting.The compatibility between grafted ovary and recipient internal environment has beenmeasured as percentage of flies which rejected the graft, flies which allowed thegrafted ovary to develop without becoming functional, and flies where the graftedovary was able to deliver vital eggs. The data show that the degree of compatibilityvaries in the different combinations. The highest percentages have been obtainedgrafting v into tu A?, the lowest one grafting y w into tu B3, where the graft actsoften as inhi bi ting the recipient's own ovaries.
Halfer, C. Different compatibilitybetween stocks tested by means ofovary transplantation.
Ovary-transplantation experiments were under-taken to determine if the maternal effect as-sociated with the tumorous head (tu-h) traitis autonomous in the ovaries of female flieshomozygous for the gene tu-l or if the ovaries
are conditioned by some factor or substance in the maternal surroundings. Inmaking the larval transplants, donor larvae were washed in 95 percent ethyl alcohol,rinsed, and dissected in insect Ringer's solution. Host larvae were washed in adrop of 95 percent ethyl alcohol, ehterized and attached to a glass slide by meansof two-sided scotch tape. Each transplant was made by drawing a single ovary fromthe donor into the pipette and immediately inserting it posteriorly through the ven-tral surface of the host with a small amount of Ringer's solution. An excess ofRinger's solution was then dropped over the entire host larva to release the larvafrom the tape. Larvae, each carrying a transplanted ovary, were placed in vials con-taining a small amount of the standard cornmeal-agar-molasses-li ve yeast medium along
Hansen, A. M. and E. J.Ovaries of third ins tarautonomous for maternalD. melanogaster.
Gardner.larvaeeffect in
January 1963 Research Notes 37:85
with several layers of moist paper, and left to pupate. Stocks from which the donorlarvae were taken had been prepared so as to insure that each larva carried a reces-si ve gene in homozygous condition thus providing a visible marker that could be ob-served in aduit flies. These markers were used to confirm genetically the functionalconnection between transplanted ovaries and oviducts.
Exeriment 1: Four potentially white-eyed females (A, B, C, D), into which larvalovaries from potentially red-eyed, tu-h females had been transplanted, produced somered-eyed progeny following mating with white-eyed males. This indicated that afunctional connection had been made between the transplanted ovary and the oviductof the host. The connections were later confirmed by observation in the dissectedfemales. As a control for the maternal effect, reciprocal crosses were made betweenwhi te-eyed flies that were not tumorous head and red-eyed tu-h flies.
Exeriment 2: Ovaries from red-eyed, tu-n females were transplanted to Samarkandfemales which carried, in homozygous condition, a mutant gene (se) for sepia eyes.The Samarkand stock also has demonstrated a comparative resistance to tumorous headexpression (Gardner, Turner, and Berseth, 1960; Gardner and Hansen, 1962). Survivingfemales were mated with sepia-eyed males and the progeny were scored for eye colorand tumorous head phenotype. Eggs from transplanted ovaries could be expected toproduce flies with red eyes, whereas those from the ovaries of the host should resultin sepia-eyed offspring. Structural connections were determined by dissecting theparent females and observing the ovaries. Reciprocal crosses between Samarkand wildflies carrying the gene (se) for sepia-eyes and tu-h were carried out as a check forthe maternal effect.
Exeriment 3: Ovaries from wild Cockaponsett larvae were transplanted into larvaeof potentially White-eyed, tu-h (w tu-h) females. The 72 females that survivedthe transplantation, were mated with white-eyed tu-h males. Of these females, 38produced progeny and 19 gave some red-eyed flies, indicating that a functional ovi-duct connection had been established with the transplanted ovary. The number ofoffspring from each transplanted ovary was small, ranging from one to 46. A totalof 203 flies, all of which were scored for age, color and tumorous head phenotypeswas produced from the transplanted ovaries. None were tumorous head. As in thepreceding experiments, functional ovary connections were confirmed by dissectinghost females.
Results of these three experiments showed that ovaries of third instarlarvaa are autonomous for the maternal effect.
Experiment 4: To check the possibility that some substance in the crude extract offemale tu-h flies might influence the maternal effect, a previous experimental de-sign (Gardner and Hansen, 1962) was improved and further injection experiments wereconducted. Extracts were prepared by homogenizing 1 gram of female aduit Samarkandflies in 4 ml. of insect Ringer's solution. Each extract was held in an ice bathduring preparation and centrifuged (3000 rpm) at 4°C. for 20 minutes. The super-natant was held in an ice bath until it could be injected into the lateral thoraxof virgin Stephenville or tu-h females. Control females were handled in the sameway, but injected with Ringer's solution ~nstead of extract. Results of thisexperiment indicated that no diffusible substance was present. No significant dif-ference was detected among the progeny of the females injected with extract andthose injected with Ringer's solution.
Bastock's method of analyzing courtshipbehavior, which demonstrated a behavioranomaly in courting yellow males (1956),was applied to eyeless (ey/ey) males, whosesuccess in siring offspring is correlated
with eye size (Spofford, 1956). Neither smell nor appearance affect success incou~ship (Sturtevant, 1915 and Bastock, 1956). The question addressed was whetherthe impairment in eyeless males was a pleiotropic expression of the ey gene on
behavior patterns, as in yellow, or simply the consequence of poor eyesight.
Hartman, Antoinette B. Study ofthe causal factors for the decreasedfrequency of copulation in eyelessflies.
37:86 Research Notes DIS 37
The eye size was graded: 0 - 1/4 eye as 0.5; 1/4 - 1/2 eye as 1.0; 1/2 - 3/4 eyeas 1.5 and 3/4 - full eye as 2.0. The values for both eyes were added to give thetotal eye size of the fly. Some of the ey/ey flies were pair mated assortativelyand their progeny also graded and tested.
To test, an unmated fi ve-day-old male was placed with a fi ve-day-old virginOregon-R female in a clean vial with a plug of cotton inserted to within one halfinch of the bottom of the vial. The activities of the male were recorded in fiveminute intervals for one hour. The courtship activities which were distinguishedwere: vibration, licking the female genitalia, attempts to copulate, and success-ful copulation. .
The ey/ ey males took significantly longer (P~.01) than Oregon-R males beforethe first vibration, first attempt to copulate, and successful copulation. Theywere also significantly more variable in the time to first vibration and firstattempt to copulate, although once they found the female, they mated in aboutthe same time as did Oregon-R males. By comparing the time spent in various court-ship activities, it was found that once eyeless males located females, they per-formed as vigorously as Oregon-R males, thus indicating their major impairment tobe in vision.
Within each of the three eyeless strains employed, which had been isogenizedfour years earlier, there was no parent-offspring correlation for either eye sizeor mating behavior, indicating that no independent genetic factors affecting court-ship behavior were segregating within the strains. However, the mean eye size ofmales that did not copulate during the test was 1.98, which was significantly lowerthan 2.88, the mean eye size of ey/ ey males which did copulate during the test. Bothof these classes of males sired ey / ey sons, among the latter of which the mean eyesize of those which copulated when tested was 2.19, in contrast to 1.42 for thosewhich did not copulate. Thus, success in mating is directly related to eye size iney / ey males.
Parenthetically, both eyeless and yellow males continue to vibrate after thefemale has walked away. Imperfect vision seems to account for this behavior ineyeless males, but seems a poor explanation for yellow males.
was called "erosion" because the facetsfrom the ventral margin.
In our experiment, several wild type stocks were raised on a medium of 1.5%brewer's yeast, 1?% molasses, and 2% agar to which monosodium glutamate was addedin concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 15%. Abnormal flies manifesting the de-scribed erosion appeared in three treated wild stocks: (1) our Oregon stock, (2) anOregon stock obtained from Japan, and (3) a Lausanne stock maintained for severalyears in our laboratory (Table 1). Flies showing the erosion phenotype wereobserved in the controls as well as in the treated cultures, indicating that theadditive in the medium did not induce a genetic change. Our evidence indicates thatif the chemical has any effect, it is in favoring an expression made possible by aparticular genetic consituttion. It may do this by acting as a modifying agent orby altering the dominance of certain genes.
The eye abnormality in the Japanese stock as in our Lausanne stock includedan abnormal growth, but in our Oregon stock it was characterized by simple erosionwi th no growth abnormality. In all three stocks the proportion of flies showingthe trait and the degree of expression in individual flies can be increased byselection. A line has been selected from our Oregon stock and 100% of the fliesnow express the trait. The genetic basis for the trait is complex. In our Oregonstock, one major gene behaving as a semi-dominant is located in the third chromosome.Sex-linked modifier genes are also indicated.
Takaya et al. (Memoirs of the Könan Univ.Sci. Ser., No.4, Art. 9, 1960) reportedthat monosodium glutamate induced aninheri ted eye a bnormali ty in the Oregon
stock of D. melanogaster. The phenotypeof the compound eye appeared to erode away
Hawkes, N. R. and E. J. GardnerGenes for eye abnormality segregatingin wild-type laboratory stocks of D.melanogaster.
Table 1. Proportion of wild-type flies of different stocks that expressed an eye abnormality (erosioil when
cultu
red
on m
edia
con
tain
ing
diff
eren
t lev
els
of m
onos
odiu
m g
luta
mat
e.
c. II ~ II ~ .. 'Ü 0- W
Per
cent
age
of a
dditi
ve in
sta
ndar
d cu
lture
med
ium
Stoc
ko
(con
trol
) 1
Per
cent
3 Pe
rcen
t5
Perc
ent
7 Pe
rcen
t9
Perc
ent
15 P
erce
ntn*
%**
n%
12.&
12%
12%
n%
n%
Japa
nese
Ore
gon
1861
4.46
2708
3.62
1622
1.05
1676
3.16
1129
3.45
851
3.53
no s
urvi
val
US
U O
rego
n13
220.
4526
091.
3423
811.
4316
820.
4288
40.
2324
01.
25
no s
urvi
val
:: (1 CI
(1L
ausa
nne
1294
0.18
3196
1. 3
817
792.
6417
785.
0615
933.
0190
650
13no
sur
viva
lII 'i Q ;:
Can
ton
1751
016
580
1850
020
520
1876
013
40
no s
urvi
val
z 0 c+ (1
Lau
sann
e -
S14
360
2537
024
4880
30.
1241
5C
I0
0no
sur
viva
lno
sur
viva
l
Canton - S
1692
016
840
1510
048
70
no s
urvi
val
no s
urvi
val
no s
urvi
val
Sam
arka
nd11
790
2454
030
720
3888
013
530
355
o .
no s
urvi
val
* T
otal
num
ber
of f
lies
emer
ging
** P
erce
ntag
e of
abn
orm
al f
lies
W -- .. () --
37:88 Reseach Notes DIS 37
Herskowitz, L. H., and Isabel L. NortonArrangement of chromosomes in maturesperm. (1).
There is abundant evidence from studies ofX-rayed female germ cells and fast neutrontreated sperm and from other work, that theproximity of broken ends favors both resti-
tutional and recombinational unions. These studies demonstrated that joining islargely restricted to broken ends occurring very close together, such as those pro-duced along a single track of ionizations. It was also established that the chromo-somes in the sperm head are usually overlapping. In view of the results with fastneutrons it is a reasonable assumption (by H. J. Muller) that even in the case ofX-ray treatment the ends most likely to undergo crossunion are those produced closetogether. Moreover, the two or more breaks involved in crossunion are expected tobe derived from separate traqks of ionization more often after X-ray than fastneutron treatment. Accepting this premise regarding X-rays, it should be possibleto use the frequency of a given type of reciprocal translocation as an indicationof the relative frequency with which' two non-homologs lie close together in thesperm head.
There are several ways that the chromosomes in different sperm may assume theirrela ti ve positions. Each of the sperm formed by a given male may have its chromo-somes positioned independently and at random, in which case II-III reciprocal trans-locations among the sperm of different males should be distributed according to aPoisson series. On the other hand, since spermatogenesis occurs simultaneously forgroups of sperm, if the positioning of chromosomes is influenced by environmentalfactors (including chromosoml movements during recently completed meiosis), it ispossible that in some bundles of sperm, chromosomes II and III may overlap morethan they do in other bundles. If sperms from a large number of ~ales are tested,the total frequency of II-III reciprocál translocations would be expected to be thesame in this second case as it would be had each sperm arranged its chromosomes atrandom. However, in this second case, one might find that the trans locationswere not following a Poisson distribution, some males producing sperm having too fewtranslocations and other males having too many.
Evdence on this matter can be ootained by sampling approximately equalnumbers of sperm from single ejaculates of different males, and scoring the resultsfor each male separately. It may be noted that recessive lethals induced by18MeV electrons are distributed among the sperm of different males according to'Poisson expectation. It might be supposed, since some lethals are due to positioneffects following chromosomal rearrangement, that such lethals would deviate from aPoisson distribution, if different sperm from the same male tended to have the samearrangement of their chromosomes. Even if this were true, however, the distributionof all the recessive lethals usually detected (hence not including Y-suppressedlethals) would probably fit a Poisson expectation, since the number of lethalsgained by position effect is approximately equal to the number of non-posi tion-effect lethals lost due to aneucentric gross rearrangements. Accordingly, theusual recessive lethal studies are not likely to furnish readily critical evidenceregarding the positioning of sperm chromosomes.
The following study of II-III reciprocal translocations was performed. Ahundred bw/bw; +/+ males were mated to an equal number of +/+; st/st femaleswhich were then irradiated with about 1500r of X rays. Between 13 and 25 sons ofeach of 73 females were mated individually to virgin bw/bw; st/ st females andtheir offspring were scored for the presence of a II-III reciprocal translocation,identified because the F2 half-translocation individual carryng bw and st homozy-gously died before adultnood because of aneuploidy.
The average number of sons tested per irradiated mother was 20; the mutationrate was 6.0% (90 trans locations in 1460 tests). The distribution of mutants perfemale is given in the table, which also shows the Poisson distribution expected.There is no significant difference between the actual and expected distributions.We conclude, therefore, subject to the correctness of our premise restrictingthe joining of ends produced b, X-ray breakages to those located close together,that a sampling of some of the sperm of differenti single ejaculates 'does not giveevidence contrary to the view that the chromosomes in different sperm arearranged at random to each other.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:89
No. of Transloca tions
Total
No. ~ Parents183215
521
73
Poisson Exectation22.026.415.86.41.9
.55
73.05
a1
2345
(Supported by U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT-11-1-633.)
Herskowi tz, L. H., Lacy,Mother Stanislaus, andBaumiller, Robert C., S.J.Arrangement of chromosomesin mature sperm. (2)
Herskowitz and Norton, see part (1) thisDIS, failed to obtain evidence that thechromosomes are arranged other than atrandom in the sperm head. It is probable,however, that a single ejaculate containssperm from a number of synchronously dif-
ferentiating sperm bundles. Even if each sperm bundle had a different orientationof chromosomes, sampling about 20 sperm per male might include those derived from alarge number of different bundles, so that one would not readily observe a signific-ant deviation from a Poisson distribution for the numbers of II-III reciprocal trans-locations detected from sperm of different males.
Assume 1) that proximity of broken ends derived from X-ray tracks of ioniz-ation favors crossunion, and 2) that a bias which occurs in orientation of chromo-somes at meiosis also results in an orientation bias in the mature sperm. Thepresent work utilized certain males all of whose sperm chromosomes are similarlybiased in orientation at meiosis and other males whose sperm chromosomes are notbiased this way. The first kind of male was obtained using heterozygotes forT(1;2)lt which has one break in X at 20 C-D+ and the other break in II at 40 F,being a whole arm reciprocal translocation whose half-trans locations are egg lethal.The translocated II carried bw and the structurally normal homolog carried bw. Inspermatogenesis the formation of a double tetrad followed by segregation might causethe normal II (carrying bw) and the Y to be closer together in the sperm head thanthey would be were the sex and II chromosomes unoriented relative to each otherduring meiosis . Accordingly, the structurally normal II and III might be proximalto each other less often in the sperm of such male translocation heterozygotes thanthey would be in the sperm of nontranslocation bw/bw; +/+ males. Males of both typeswere mated to +/+; st/st virgins which were then given about 1500r of X-rays. F1males are derived from sperm which, prior to irradiation, contained a Y and a non-translocation bw-containing II. These males were then crossed to bw/bw; st/ st virginsand II-III reciprocal translocations scored as in the earlier part of this study.The sperm from the translocation heterozygote gave 5.1% II-III reciprocal trans-locations (33 mutants in 651 tests), whereas the sperm from the nontranslocationmales gave 4. J% (72 mutants in 1679 tests). These results do not support the as-sumptions made. Accepting the first premise, these results indicate that the arrange-ment of the overlapping chromosomes in the sperm head is not appreciably influencedby any orientation which chromosomes may have had during meiosis.
(Supported by U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT-11-1633.)
It was reported by us (DIS 35:85, 1961)that the frequency of dispermy in D. melano_gaster eggs is very low. Among 93 fertilizedeggs examined in meiotic stages two were
dispermc (2.2%), and 91 were monospermic. In no case were moZe 5~an two sperms 8present in an egg. These data were obtained from crosses of y sc B In49 v w schomozygous females with wild type males from a Samarkand stock.
Hildreth, P. E., and J. C. Lucchesi.Frequency of dispermy inD. melanogaster*
37:90 Research Notes DIS 37
A second experiment is now in progress in which other aspects of supposedpolyspermy in eggs from a different female genotype are being investigated. Femaleshomozygous for the mutant dor (deep orange _ Merrell, D. J., 1947, Am. Nat. LXXXI:
399-400) are mated with wild type Samarkand males, and eggs are collected over ashort period by using the method described by Hildreth and Brunt (DIS 36:128, 1962).The eggs are prepared for cytological examination by using the Feulgen whole_mountprocedure of von Borstel and Lindsley (Stain Technol. 34:23, 1959). The sperm countsare then based on the observation of the stained sperm heads. At present three dis_permic eggs have been observed among 32 fertilized eggs in meiotic stages. Inaddition there were 26 fertilized eggs in the pronuclear stage. None of these latterhad an accessory sperm, either in the pronuclear or condensed form. It is possiblethat the accessory sperms may degenerate prior to this stage, and therefore thedetermination of the frequency of dispermy is based on those fertilized eggs thathave not progressed beyond telophase II of meiosis. The frequency of disperm inthe dor fertili2ed eggs is then 9.4%. This frequency is about 4.3 times that ob_served in the y B v wa eggs; however, the samples are small.
* This work was done under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic EnergyCommission and supported in part by an N. I. H. predoctoral grant.
The reports of Mottram (1930) and Camara
(1945) that carbon dioxide increases non-disjunction suggested a test of this agenton crossing over. Females of the genotype
sc cv v f/+ were premated to M-5/Y males, then exposed to carbon dioxide flowing (3l/min) through a sintered glass plate (8 cm diameter) for periods of 1, 6, 11, 15,25 or 45 minutes. After treatment, the females were subcultured at 12, 24, and 50hours and discarded at 160 hours. Examination of the data contributed by the 4096male progeny revealed no map distance variation attributable to the treatments. Among
5203 female progeny scored, there were no primary exceptions.
Hinton, C. W. Failure ofcarbon dioxide to altercrossing over.
(Work supported by NIH grant c- 3000. )
ndFrom the cross of y;ca females to bw;thst cp;pol males, 9377 offspring were scoredsupplementing the observations of Lews andGencarella (1952). In addition to the aneu-
ploid types previously reported, the progeny included mosaics attributable to paternalchromosome loss (24 gyandromorphs and 23 Haplo-4 mosaics). In"this progeny plus oneof similar size produced by the same cross except that the males lacked the pol marker,there was a total of 10 mosaics expressing the paternal autosomal markers in parts oftheir hypodermis; the haploid nature of these parts was also indicated by reduced wingcell size and by femaleness in those cases involving these characters. Because of therelati vely inefficient markers used, the frequencies of both kinds of mosaics reportedhere probably are minimal.
Hinton, C. W., and W. MCEarchern.Additional obseavations on thebeha vior of can.
We also ~sh to regard that, as in claret of D. simulans, crossing over isapparently not altered by ca . Females of the genotype yZ cv v f/+ were crossed toM-5/Y males anà the regular male progeny was scored. When the females were hetero-zygous for can, the map àistances for the regions in order were 11.9, 24.0 and 19.2(N = 662); homozygous can females produced map distances of 12.2, 23.7 and 24.7 (N =295). E. H. Grell (personal communication) and probably others have also made similarobservations.
(Work supported by NIH grant C- 3000. )
January 1963 Research Notes 37:91
A number of housefly mutants have recentlybeen assembled. Some of them seem to bephenotypically and biochemically homologousto Drosophila mutants. Hence, comparisonsare in progress among these mutants fromthe view point of chromosome evolution.
The second chromosomal mutants of the housefly, Bx (Beadex wings), w (white eyes),3d (Scalloped wings), Sn (Singed bristles), bwb (brown body), ge (green eyes =block of the metabolic step from trytophane to formlkyurenin), and ro (rough eyes)may correspond to the X-chromosomal mutants of D. melanogaster, Bx, w, sd, sn, y,v, and rux, respectively. Furthermore, the facts that no mutant has been found onthe X-chromosome of the housefly, and that the translocations of the Y-chromosome(the male determnant) to the second chromosome have frequently been observed,suggest that the second chromosome of the housefly has some relation to the sex-chromosomes. Thus, the second chromosome of the housefly seems to be homologous tothe X-chromosome of Drosophila.
Hiroyoshi, T., S. Hiraga, M.Tsukamoto and H. Kikkawa.Consideration on the homologybetween Drosophiik and thehousefly mutants.
Many housefly mutants belonging to the 3rd and 4th linkage groups havecorresponding features to mutants of the 2nd linkage of Drosophila; and the 5th and6th of the housefly to the 3rd of Drosophila, respectively. For examples, ocra(ocra eyes = metabolic block from kyurenin to 30H-kyurenin) to cn, sht (short legs)to fj, px (plexus-like) to px, Rl (Rolled wings) to Cy, Cu, Ac or U, etc.; and ar
(aristapedia) to ssa, ctc (counter-coiled hypopygium) to rp, Abr (Abrupt) to sh-5,ac (ali curve) to cu, etc.
Hunter, Alice S., and Nellyde Cediel. Krebs cycle enzymesof Drosophila melanogaster.
ifica tions of the Schneider and
Assays of several Krebs cycle enzymes arebeing made in homogenates of two differenttemperature stocks of aduit Bogotá Drosophilamelanogaster. The methods being used are mod-
Potter assays using the Warburg respirometer.
To date no significant differences have been found in the malic dehydro-genase or the cytochrome oxidase activity of the different temperature stocks or ofthe sexes when compared.
A significant difference is found in the succinoxidase activity of themales and females. Unlike other species of insects which have been studied, thefemale D. melanogaster has considerably higher activity. Preliminary experimentsalso suggest that the Q10 of succinoxidase activity of the flies raised at 15°C. ishigher than that of those raised at 25°C.
Jacobs, M. E., and K. K. Brubaker.Beta-alanine utilization in ebonyand non-ebony D. melanogaster.
Injection of 1-C-14 ani 2-C-14 labeled samplesof ß-alanine into the hemocoel of the whitepupa stage of e/ e, and +it genotypes led tothe following rates of C 02 excretion and
C-14 storage in the body parts and centrifuged body extracts: e/ e / +/ e / +/+.Conversely, C-14 counts of pupa sheaths from which the flies had emerged showed thate/ e had stored much less C-14 than had the other genotypes.
37:92 Research Notes DIS 37
Sixteen hour-old male larvae were placed ona labeled food medium. The food was madeof a modified Eagle's tissue culture mediumcontaining a total activity of 200 uc in 1.1
ml; specific activity of the isotope was 1.9 c/mM. After six hours the larvae wereremoved and the food mixed with an equal volume of the standard Drosophila culturemedium containing an additional 0.1 ml of the labeled thymidine. The larvae werethen replaced to complete their development. After eclosion, the males were matedindividually for three days each to four successive groups of three females. Thefrequency of induced dominant lethals with the relevant data obtained from radioauto-graphy are presented in the accompanying table. Radioautographs were prepared fromthe testes of males selected from each brood. Film was exposed for a period of sevendays. The data refer to the sperm available for the fertilizations of the respectivebroods. Controls were raised on identical medium in which the thymidine was non-radioacti ve.
Kaplan, W. D., and H. D. Gugler.Induction of dominant lethals bytri tiated thymidine.
5 # of mean 10
labeled labeled # grain dom.# eggs 10 dom. sperm sperm/ counts/ lethals
Brood counted lethals bundles bundle sperm control
1 3,055 65.6 100 64 22.8 1.72 1,981 69.0 100 64 36.4 1.23 4,386 23.9 50 16..32 6.3 4.84 2,364 6.8 6.8 1-4 2.3 6.2
The frequency of dominant lethals induced may thus be seen to depend uponthe percent labeled sperm in a population and the amount of incorporated isotope asindicated by the grain counts above sperm heads. The lack of a genetic effect in thefourth brood indicates that, despite the high general activity of the testes, muta-tions are produced in only those nuclei with significant levels of incorporation.
Lethals have been induced by feeding larvaeof D. melano~aster males upon a food substratecontaining H thymidine. In three experi-ments the feeding time was restricted toeight hours so that only one chromosomalreduplication cycle in the presence of theisotope took place in individual nuclei.
Autoradiographs of sample testes were prepared to measure the ~cti vi ty of sperm avail-able for each brood. Three broods were obtained by mating individual males to threefemales each for a period of three days for each brood. The genetic and autoradio-graphic data follow.
Kaplan, W. D., V. Tinderholt,H. D. Gugler and K. K. Kidd.A non-random distribution ofsex-linked recessive lethalsinduced by tri tia ted thymidinein D. melanogaster.
Chromo-somes Lethalstested %
Lv I Brood I 625 0.80II 1085 0.30III 1198 0.25
Blv I Brood I 952 0.73II 998 0.30III 900 0.33
Blv II Brood I 2716 0.52II 2612 0.05III 2471 0.04
Spermbundleslabeled
%
Labeledsperm
perbundle
Graincountsper
spe:r head
80 2-32/64 7-2328 1-8/64 8-234 1-2/64 12
42 8-64/64 16-3416 1-4/64 8-4011 1-2/64 8-24
January 1963 Research Notes 37:93
There is excellent correspondence between the presence of label and thefrequency of induced. mutations.
A third experiment was performed in which the isotope was available tothe larvae throughout larval life. After eclosion, the males were mated and broodpatterns set up as above. Genetic and autoradiographic data follow.
GrainSperm Labeled countsbundles sperm per
Chromosomes LetJals labeled per spermBrood tested % % bundle head
Blv III I 1537 2.40 100 64/64 17-67II 1354 5.17 100 64/64 38-45III 1679 1.31 90 16-64/64 12-16
The much heavier labeling in this case produced a greater frequency ofinduced mutations.
The lethals derived from Lv I, Blv I, and Blv II have been localized.Their distribution discloses a non-random pattern. Four cases of chromosomal re-arrangements are not shown. Clusters are recorded only once. Four lethals recoveredfrom aduit injection are listed: 33.0, 37.5, 64.0, and 41.7.
65.765.6
1.1 33.6 64.80.4 33.0 54.9 64.00.3 32.7 44.8 54.7 64.00.0 32.2 43.0 54.3 63.00.0 24.5 29.8 31.7 37.5 41.7 48.1 51.2 57.5 62.50.0 15.2 21.0 28'.3 31.5 36.3 41.4- 48.1 50.6 57.3 62.1
a 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
The relative emptiness of the region between 1 and 20 is striking as arethe high frequency regions, one between 30 and 35, 50-55, and 60-65. These distri-butions are significantly different from those reported by Ives (1959) after low indhigh dose gamma radiation and Spencer and Stern (1948) after low dose X-irradiation.
We are at present carryng out work to test the idea that this distributionreflects a non-random distribtuion of thymine bases along the length of the X-chromo-some.
Controls were raised on identical medium in which cold thymidine replacedthe labeled compound.
Bd IIIIIIiv
Chromosomestested
128912531068736
Lethals%
0.078
37:94 Research Notes Drs 37
The food for pulse label was made up in the following way: 0.1 ml H3thymdine, sp. activity 1.9 c/mM; 0.5 ml Eagle's medium (modified); 0.5 ml 3%agar solution.
Larvae were placed upon this food for 6-8 hours. For Bl v III, this foodwas mixed with an equal volume of Drosophila medium containing yeast after the larvaehad fed upon the labeled food for 6 hours. They completed larval development in thepresence of the isotope.
Kikkawa, H. Agar-gel electro-phoretic studies on amylase inD. melanogaster.
As described in DIS 32:142 and 34:89,amylase activity of D. melanogaster is con-trolled by a semi-dominant gene located at80~ on the second chromosome. The ge~e
responsible for strong amylase was named AmyS, agà the gene with weak one, Am ,respectively. Recently, a strain named adiposis was sent me from Dr. W. W. Doaneof Yale University. This mutant is located on the same locus with my amylasãdone,and has an abnormality in the metabolism of carbohydrates. It was named Ar . tenta-tively. Furthermore, we could 6ind another mutant with strong amylase in the white-eyed strain. It was named Amw. These four strains are assumed to be allelic withone another.
They were examined by an agar-gel electrophoresis method improved byDr. Z. Ogita of my laboratory (see the Technical Notes in this issue). The resultis shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Strain No.4 ~ No.2 No.1+
Amy +s +Amyad +
A:y h + +A:yw + +
Original point ;: Anode
As shown in this table, when amylase bands on a zymogram are named No.1,No.2, No. 3 and No. 4 respectively from the anode side, each strain shows a character-istic pattern as to amylase bands. The F1 flies between any two of the four strains,showed the mixed pattern of the parent ones, showing that each allelic gene acts andproduces its own product (amlase protein) independently in a. cytoplasm.
Protons from nitrogen capture reactions are thephysical basis of the biological effects ofthermal neutrons in aduit Drosophila (Nucleonics,12 (9), 59, 1954). Recent analyses (B. R.
Wilson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 53:171, 1960) have provided values for the nitrogen contentof Drosophila eggs. These values are over twicethose recorded for aduit flies (F. Char-connet-Harding and C. Calet, Compt. rend. 233, 759, 1951). It follows that the ovaryrecei ves a larger radiation dose than does tissue generally because of its elevatednitrogen content. Previous values for the radiation dose to the female gonad from agiven exposure to thermal neutrons are underestimates, if the Charconnet-Harding-Caletfigure for the nitrogen content was used in the calculations.
King, R. C. Re-evaluation of thedamage to the Drosophila ovarycaused by thermal neutrons.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:95
King, R. C. and Patr~~ia A. Smith. This allele of fused which was spontanaousOvarian tumors in fu . in origin was discovered by Rhoda F. Grell.
The allelism test was performed by MerryMoore. fu59 resembles fu with regard to its effects in bot3 sexes upon wing venationand on ocellar and ocellar bristle number. The wings of fu 9 males and females areheld outslfetched 37 in fu. 57~ors occur in the ovaries of females homozygous forfu, or fu , or fu a, or fu (King, Burnett and Staley, Growth, 1957) and 39s0 inovaries of females hemizygous for fu (DIS ii: 142). Females homozygous for fu alsoproduce ovarian tumors, and as in fu or fu or fu57a female homozygotes the tumorincidence increases with age. However, fu59 females show a lower tumor incidencethan do those from any other fused stocks. The incidence of tumorous chambers at
7 and 12 days is 1.9% (N = 567) and 11.8% (N = 399), respectively. Here N equalsthe number of ovarian oocytes observed. Females homozygous for fu would at theseages show tumor incidences of about 25 and 50%, respectively.
Krimbas, C. B. Drosophilaspecies in Greece.
and Cyrus. Until now the presence of
During the last three years flies belongingto the genus Drosophila have been collectedin several localities of southern Greece
the following species has been established:
D. melanogaster - near houses, vineyards, cellars, orchards.D. simulans in inhabited places, opuntia and citrus decaying fruits and in wine
presses.D. funebris - in inhabited places.D. lebanonensis - in cellars. This species has also been identified by its mitotic
chromosomes.D. imigrans - race B identified also by its mitotic chromosomes. In citrus decaying
fruits.D. repleta - in inhabited places.D. busckii - in citrus orchards.D. pallida - in fur forests (Abies cephallonica).D. subobscura - in fur forests, in citrus orchards on decaying citrus fruits (Creta,
Athens, Poros) and in chestnut forests.D. obscura - in fur forests (10% of obscura group flies in Mount Parnes). Other
workers (personal communications) point out the presence of severalother species of obscura group in the North of Greece.
Many Braconid parasites of D. melanogaster have been observed in thecollecting places. The breeding sites of D. subobscura and D. obscura in the furforests have not been found.
Chromosome inversion polymorphism has been established in D. melanogaster(Creta, inversion in 2 L), D. obscura (two new inversions in E/R) and D. subobscura.Ony small samples of D. simulans, lebanonensis and imigrans have been scored forinversions but no such polymorphism has been detected.
(This research is supported by a grant of the Hellenic Royal Institute of Research.)
Krimbas. C. B. Inversion polyorphismin natural populations of D. subobscurain Greece.
Five different natural populations of .!subobscura have been sampled in Greeceduring the years of 1961 and 1962 and sali-vary gland chromosomes of one larva from
examined for inversions. These localities are:each single female culture have been
Mount Parnes in Attica. Altitude 1100 m. Fur forest (Abies cephallonica), few Crat-aegus, Prunus. 10% of obscura group flies were D. obscura, the remaining D. subobscura.Few D. pallida and D. melanogaster. Collections by trap.
37:96 Research Notes DIS 37
Athens Royal Garden. Small citrus orchard, under 100 m. altitude. Other species:D. imigrans (half of the collected flies), D. simulans, D. pallida, both rather rare.Abnormal sex ratio in D. subobscura and D. immigrans, only 15% of the collected flies
being females (probably due to the collecting procedure). Collections on the citrusdecaying fruits.
Poros in the "lemon forest" on the North coast of Peloponnesus. (The Saronicos Gulfis on the north and the place is protected by a small mountain on the south.) Altitudeunder 50 m. Lemon orchards very extensive, also few fig trees, medlar trees, Plata-nus, and other orchard trees scattered in th~ lemon forest. Other species: D. immigrans
(very common), D. simulans, D. melanogaster (both rather uncommon), D. busckii (rare).Collection mainly by traps '(and on decaying fruits). No abnormal sex ratio.
Alikianou, Creta. In a valley of orange orchards under 100 m. of altitude. Nearhouses and farms. Oli ve trees and cul ti va ted land. Collections on decaying fruits.Other species: D. immigrans (numerous), D. melanogaster (numerous), D. simulans.Ony one-third of D. subobscura were females.
Mount Ainos - Cephallonia. Altitude over 1200 m., fur forest (Abies cephallonica).D. subobscura and D. pallida only have been collected by trap.
The indexes of free recombination of the examined female larvae have beencalculated and are indicated in the following table (the values given in E. stum-Zollinger and E. Goldschmdt (1959) have been used with the following additions:u6 = 5.0, U3+4 = 12.1, U7+8 = 11.6, U4+8 = 4.9, U3+8 = 10.0, 05 = 3.6, 05/02 = 5.1,01/09 = 9.1, 01/07 = 4.6, 09 = 6.4, 07/05 = 9.2, 01/02 = 4.9.)
Locality Year No. Females LF.R.
Mount Parnes 1961 N=44 85.6~1.2Mount Parnes 1962 N=11 85.2~1.2Athens R. Garden 1962 N=40 83.8~1.5Poros 1961 N= 7 80.1~3.8Poros 1962 N=29 77.0~1.6Alikianou, Creta 1962 N=36 85.0~1.2Ainos, Cephallonia 1962 N=40 84.3~1.2
Although most of the IFR's do not differ much it seems that they tend tobe higher in the most southern places (Creta) and in the ones situated over 1000 m.This is going to be checked in several other Greek populations in the near future.It should be noted that this tendency of positive correlation between altitude andIFR could be seen in the data reported in Stum-Zollinger and Goldschmidt (Table 3).
Greece should not be considered as a place of marginal geographic distri-bution of this species, which looks to be well adapted in several biotopes in thiscountry. The IFR's are not very different from the ones reported for central Europeanplaces.
(This research is supported by a grant of the Hellenic Royal Institute of Research.)
In the presence of the mutant form of the rolledgene in the homozygous condition, the followingfeatures are observed: The wing edges are rolled
downrd, and the venation of the wings defective in some individuals. Further, theeyes are of subnormal size, darker than normal and slightly roughened. In a hemi-zygous specimen, the eyes are of half the normal size, dark red and rough-surfaced.The wing venation is very rudimentary (resembling that of a hemizygous ci). However,the phenotype of a hemizygous individual varies according to the deficiency used,
Lakovaara, S. T. On thefunctions of rl in D. melanogaster.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:97
Df(2)rl giving a stronger effect than Df(2)MS-10. A heterozygous individual is fullynormL.
The mutant ¡.form of rl confòrms to the dosage effect rules. No change in thehemizygous phenotype is found after addition of an extra Y or after loss of thischromosome. However, factors àecreasing wing size increase the size of the eye inthe combinations tested (W, Ed , vg). Band Gl ~re both complementary to rl withrespect to eye size. Correspondingly, ci and ci complement rl with respect to~ng venation defects.
In both the homozygous and the hemizygous condition, the strongest wing andeye effects are found at 26°C, with a lessening at temperatures above and belowthis value. In histological sections, developmental defects are observable inhomo- and hemizygotes in the retinula region of the ommatides and in the corneallens, as well as in the periopticon of the optic lobe. Pigment is apparentlyformed in normal amounts but owing to the above-mentioned morphological distur-bances, its location is changed.
Although, of course all these peculiarities may be ascribed to the deficiency,there is nevertheless reason to suppose that:
(1) In their effect on the production of a substance important for the developmentof both the eye and the wing, the genotypes may be arranged in the order rl/- -c rl/rl-c rl/+ = +/+.(2) The gene rl governs a switch mechanism between the metabolic pathways leadingto these two organs.
(3) The amount of substance generated in the win§ pathway can be reduced by addingfactors which have a wing-reducing effect (W, Bd and vg). As a 'side effect',larger eyes are obtained, owing to increased flow of the common substance towardsthe eye pathway.
(4) The reactioi¡ sequence governed by rl in some way or other interacts with theB, Gl, ci and ci -governed sequences.
(5) The temperature-dependent changes are due to thermodynamic properties of theenzyme controlled by rl.
(6) rl is without effect on pigment formation.
D. aura ria is a new spec~es in Chinadescribed by Peng (1937). This speciesis distributed widely and it is the mostdominant species of Korean drosophilid fauna.
However, this species was divided into 3 types (A, B & C type) by pubescency ofhexasternum, forms of phallic organs, periphallic organs, egg-guides etc. (cf MoriwakiDrs 26:112; Okada, T. 1954).
Natural populations of D. aura ria are polymorphic with regard to the intensityand extension of the pigmentation in the abdominal tergi tes. The female shows twoforms of color pattern, dark and light, on the sixth to the ninth tergites. On theother hand, all the males have the black color pattern irrespective of their geniccompositions. ./
As a result of breeding tests on the A type of D. auraria, these two forms areproduced by a set of allelic genes dark and light, located on an autosome. The homo-zygotes' dark genotype showing the black color pattern were not phenotypically dis-tinguishable from the heterozygotes' dark genotype, but were easily discriminatedfrom the homozygotes' light genotype showing no black color pattern. The homozygousdark genotype (both male and female) is relatively rare in natural populations.However, the three genotype were always presented in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg formula. '
Both forms have been found in various Korean populations, the light phenotypebeing always commoner than the dark one, like the D. kikkawai in Brazilian popula-tions (cf Freire-Maia DIS 28:119). The light form, however, is less common in thenorthern localities than in the others, as can be clearly seen in the following table,.where the names of the localities appear in latitudinal order from So~th to North.
Lee. Taek Jun Genetic analysis of thepolymorphism of color pattern in Q.auraria.
37:98 Research Notes
FemalesLight Dark Total
57 5 6258 0 58
494 62 556461 56 517212 18 230
1624 634 2258339 35 374952 573 1525
2961 889 3850494 160 654727 8 735776 440 1216920 436 1356431 203 634
10506 3519 14025
DIS 37
Localities Light females (%)
TOTAL
91.94100.0088.8589.1792.1771.9290.6462.4376.9175.5498.9163.8267.8567.98
74.91
Quelpart Is.YeosuMt. ChiriMilyangMt. PalkongMujuYeongdongMt. KyelyongKongjuMt. SokliMt. UndalSeoulKwangneungMt. Sulak
In connection with the general problem ofmale producti vi tYf now under study in ourlaboratory, an attempt has been make todetermine the average number of progeny
produced daily by a single male when exposed to a virtually unlimited supply ofvirgin females. It is known that after four or five rapid successive matings, themale is no longer able to transfer sperm, due to the depletion of accessory glandfluid. The purpose of the experiment was to learn whether the male would allowhimself the necessary "rest" to replenish the accessory gland secretion when he wassupplied with a great number of virgins.
The experiment was expedited by the possession of stocks producing "automaticvirgins" (see Lefevre and Jonsson, Drs #37). Fifty virgin females were placed in abottle with a single male for a 24-hour period. At the end of this period, the malewas removed (without etherization) and placed in a bottle containing fifty newvirgins. This process was repeated daily for five days. Each day, after theremoval of the male, the females were placed in fresh food bottles and subculturedten times over a three week period. The control was patterned after the experient,the only ftifference being the use of just five females per day instead of fifty.
The control groups of males produced an average number of progeny each daythat was slightly, but not significantly, higher than the experimental group ofmales. In other words, the use of five females daily was just as effective asfifty. The possibility that the size of the food bottle may have been a limitingfactor in the number of offspring produced by the experimental group can berefuted by the fact that when several males were placed in a bottle with fiftyfemales, the number of offspring emerging from the bottle was much greater thanwhen only one male was used.
This experiment suggests that the male will nonnally "rest" long enough be-tween matings to replenish the supply of fluid in the accessory glands and that hewill not continue mating indefinitely even with many virgins available. It is alsosuggested that males are limited to no more than five effective inseminations perday, since it appears that the use of more than five virgin females per day simplybrings about diminishing returns in terms of offspring produced. Possibly four, oreven three, virgins per day might be as effective as five. Further work along theselines is visualized.
Lefevre, G. and D. M. Parker Malefertility as a function of the numberof females available for mating.
Lefevre, G., and Ulla-Britt JonssonMaternally inherited male sterilityin D. melanogaster.
A maternally inherited sterility affecting100% of the male offspring has arisen in atleast five different stocks. In each case,the stock had been established from a single
F 1 ~ that carried an X-ray induced sex-linked mutation inherited from an irradiatedfather. Although the female offspring in these stocks are riormal and fertile, in
January 1963 Research Notes 37:99
order to perpetuate the stocks it is necessary to outcross the females each genera-tion to unrelated males. The original case has been maintained in this fashionfor more than a year and a half with no change in the male sterility. Further, thecondition is transmitted by all of the females, regardless of genotype; that is tosay, there is no need for the female to possess the original mutant conditionwhich, in any case, was different in each of the stocks. By repeated outcrossingto + ¿ó, the condition has been transfered to an otherwse wild-type stock.
This situation is reminiscent of the "sex-ratio" case reported by Malogolowkinand Poulson, in which all sons of spirochete-infected females fail to develop.This infectious agent is transmitted through the egg and may be transferred tonorml females by injecting or by feeding, even to females of different species.In our case, however, the males are sterile, not lethal; on dissection they appearlike XO males, lacking only fully mature, motile sperm. All other stages ofspermatogenesis are present and appear normal. Males which are both XO and"infected," however, exhibit more4 abnormali ty than is characteristic of eithercondi tion by itself. Infected wm males show no change in the expres sion ofvariegation, showing .that the Y chromosome is normally active, even though themales are sterile. Transfer experiments with the male-sterile stocks have not yetbeen attempted.
Levi tan, M. A mysterious chromosomebreakage factor.
The spontaneous chromosomal aberrationfactor described in PNAS, 48: 930 continuesto act in certain D. robusta crosses. To
date 361 new aberrations have been observed. Most of these involve two-breaks,paracentric and pericentric inversions and reciprocal translocations, but theyinclude also a number of multiple break aberrations, such as transpositions,combinations of inversions and translocations, and multi-chromosome reciprocaltranslocations. Simple deficiencies and visible mutations appear to be rare.Descriptions of the observed aberrations, their breakage points, etc. will appearin forthcoming issues of DIS. Further experiments have confirmed the maternaleffect in transmission of this factor, but the evidence on the question of itsnature (i.e. infective or genic) is still ambiguous. (Research supported by grantsfrom the National Science Foundation.)
Lewis, H. W., and H. S. Lewis.Effect of PTC on viability ofDrosóphila with high and lowtyrosinase acti vi ty.
Parsons and Kroman (Heredity, 1960) suggestedtha t poor viability of ebony flies grown onmedium containing phenylthiocarbamde (PTC)may be correlated with low tyrosinase activityin ebony strains. To test this suggestion, we
raised cultures of other genotypes with known tyrosinase levels and found no correl-ation between enzyme activity and sensitivity to PTC in the medium.
Strain Enzyma tic Activity
Samarkand Very highselected line 1
Samarkand Very highselected line 2
Cy/Pm Highselected line 1
Samarkand Lowselected line 3
Samarkand Lowselected line 4
Cy/Pm Lowselected line 2
Canton-S Very lowAlpha-1 Very low
Survi val on mediumcontaining 0.04% PTC
+
+
+
+
37: 100 Research Notes Drs 37
It is concluded that factors other than those associated with in vitrotyrosinase acti vi ty account for PTC sensi ti vi ty.
The resolution of the fertility complexesK1 and K2 into at least five separate genesin the case of K1 and at least two separategenes in the case of K2 (Brosseau, Genetics45:257, 1960) suggesteu the possibility
of studying recombination between Y-chromosomes, with the following specific aims:
(1) to investigate, starting with fertile Y-chromosomes, the possible occurence ofsterility as the result of a process equivalent to the one responsible for theformtion of "synthetic lethals" (Dobzhansky, Genetics 31:269, 1946), (2) to sup-plement,the complementation map of Brosseau with a classical crossing over map.
Lucchesi, J. C. Absence ofrecombina tion between two markedY-chromosomes in D. melanogasterfemales.
The following females were synthesized: Y W bb/BSY y+/Yw+ (see Brosseau,Nicoletti, E. H. Grell and Lindsley, Geneti§s 46:339, 1961 fgr a descri£tion of themarked Y-chromosomes); they were mated to Y X. yL, In( i) EN, yo B f v w. Y y+ /0 males,thereby insuring, barring non-disjunction, the recovery of not more than one parentalor recombinant Y-chromosome per female offspring. The results of these crosses are~iven in the following table:
y W bb/Yw+ / S +y w bb B Yy y w bb/O "Forked ¿¿" Exc. N
266 111 98 190 2 667
No recombinant Y's were recovered. Although it is not possible to estimatethe frequency of meiotic pairing of the Y-chromosomes, the large number (98) of XX/Ofemale- offspring indicates that one of the Y's often pairs with the attached X-chromo-some; it is also probable that all three chromosomes in question may be involved inoccasional trivalent formation. Only a fraction of the recovered Y-chromosomes may,therefore, have undergone meiotic pairing with the other Y. Nevertheless, sincewhole chromosomes bearing terminal markers are considered the absence of crossingover in this system still appears to be significant.
The small number of male offspring can be attributed to the deleteriouseffects of the double or triple Y-chromosome dose which they bear.
The significant discrepancy in the recovery of the two Y-chromosomes amongthe female offspring cannot be attributed to differences in viability. This wasdetermined by placigg equal numbers of eggs (half of which would give rise to y w bb/Yw and to y w bb/B Yy+ females) in vials and comparing the number of eclosed femalesof the two genotypes. The unequal recovery of the two marked Y's may be caused bya differential pairing ability of these chromosomes or by a preferential mitoticloss. These possibilities will be investigated at some future date.
Mention must be made of the fact that XX/BSyy + /Yw + females display all ofthe "subsidiary somatic effects of hyperploidy for Y chromosomes" described byCooper (Genetics 41:242, 1956); these effects are intensified by the additional eu-chromatic aneuploidy imposed by the Y-chromosomes' markers and can account for thevery poor viability and low fertility of these flies.
(Work supported by N.I.H. grants 2G-.367(C1) and GF-14,277.)
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 101
Lactamide at near lethal concentrations whenfed to larvae, of critical age from 65-75hours after deposition, of the Bar mutant ~melanogaster has the effect of greatly increasingthe facet number. In an attempt to determne
whether this effect is due to the direct action .of the chemical itself or of somemetabolic product engendered from lactamide during or after digestion, solutions oflactamide in insect Ringer were injected directly into larvae of a forked Bar strainin the critical stage, 65-75 hours after deposition. A preliminary experiment inwhich some 600 larvae were treated produced 22 survivors, enough to warrant contin-ued work. With 10% laetamide in insect Ringer 1002 injected larvae produced 132 sur-viving adults about 13%. With 20% lactamide in insect Ringer 802 injected larvae gave11% survival. With 30% lactamide in insect Ringer 101 injected larvae 16% survived.A control of some hundred or so larvae injected with just insect Ringer alone gaveslightly less than 10% survival. The mean facet number of the aduit flies produced bythe surviving treated larvae showed no significant effect of the injected lactamideupon the facet number. From this it would appear that the effect of the lactamidewhen fed is not due to the direct effect of the chemical. All flies were raised atconstant temperature of 25°C.
Luce, Wilbur M. The resultsof injection of lactamide intolarvae of D. melanogaster uponfacet number in Bar.
McSheehy, T. W. Matingfrequency in D. melanogaster.
A study was made of the frequency of mating inD. melanogaster when males are given differentnumbers of females, using an Or-K wild type stock.
Two groups were observed concurrently. Group 1 had one male and two virgin femalesper vial; group 2 had one male and eight virgin females per vial. Observation wascontinuous for a period of seventy hours, recordings being made every three minutes.The total number of matings is shown in Table 1.
Clearly the males which had eight females mated far more frequently thanthose which had only two females. At the end of the seventy hour period each malewas separated from his females and given one virgin female in a fresh vial. Thesewere observed for a period of two hours during which time each male was killed afterhe had copulated once. Three males in group 2 failed to copulate in this time. Thevials were scored for fertility fourteen days later.
In group 1 all vials were fertile; in group 2 six vials were fertile, twobarely fertile and four were sterile. There was little evidence, therefore, for lackof sperm even in cases where the male had rna ted about forty times in seventy hours.This would suggest that the male had some mechanism for controlling the amount ofsperm he ejaculated per copulation, or that the rate of production of sperm was, insome way, related to the rate of utilization. Chandley (DIS 35), however, found nodifferences in the rate of spermatogenesis between mated and unmated males whichseems to rule out this latter suggestion. A further possibility is that there isconsiderable resorption of sperm in cases where the males mate infrequently.
The histogram shows the variation in copulation time. There is an indicationof a shift to a longer copulation time in the flies which rna ted frequently but thismay not be significant. It was noticed that the males in group 1 were always willingto mate but that the females would not accept them. This was not the case in group 2.The frequency of mating per female in group 2 was fifty per cent higher than in group1. It is possible that females were stimulated by the presence of more females aroundthem, in other words more competition, and were therefcre more willing to accept themale.
The initial purpose of this investigation was to see whether there wouldbe a difference in the mating frequency between males with two females and males witheight females, and if there was, whether it would affect the utilization of sperm asdetected by a brood pattern analysis. In the generally adopted procedure, of using
37: 102 Research Notes
Table 1
Total number of matings per male. Group 1 with twovirgins per male; group 2 with eight virgins per male.
Group 1 Group 2
Male No. No. of matings Male No. No. of matings
1 3 21 332 4 22 193 5 23 144 2 24 345 4 25 366 3 26 277 7 27 298 7 28 419 7 29 7
10 3 30 3111 male died 31 2512 4 32 2813 4 33 2014 3 34 2715 6 35 22
A verage per male 4.6 Average per male 26.2
Duration of copulation.Group 1. Two females per male. Group 2. Eight females per male.
10'0
90NUMBER
OF 80MATINGS
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
-..
GROUP 2.. -I-f-- -
I r 1-20
GROUP i
10
0-9 10-14 15-19 20.24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-4 45-49 50-54 55-59
MINUTES
DIS 37
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 103
one male with two virgin females and a brood interval of three days, a male wouldhave mated 25-30 times up to brood VI. (Brood VI sperm being derived from cellswhich were spermatogonia at the beginning of the brood sequence.) In group 2 themales had rna ted this number of times during the first three days. The brood Isampled from such a procedure, therefore, may well represent a heterogenous sampleof germ cells. It would seem that a more precise sampling of germ cell stages maybe achieved by using two rather than eight females per male.
Makino, S., E. Momma, K. I. Wakahama,A. Kaneko, T. Tokui tsu and T. Shima.Drosophilidae in four localitiesof Hokkaido.
Collections were made in 1962 in fourlocalities of Hokkaido; Hiroo, Naebutoro,Nopporo and Oshima-Yoshioka. A total of
7409 specimens were collected by the useof fermented fruit; they were represented
by 38 species as given in the accompanying table. Among them, Chymomyza atrimanaand D. raridentata were noted as new members of the Drosophila fauna in Hokkaido.
Numerical data of Drosophila species collectedin four localities of Hokkaido. 1962
Locali ties HirooSpecies:Amiota alboguttataf. furcataA. variegata 2Leucophenga magnipalpis 3Chymomyza a trimana 1Parascaptomyza disticha 219Scaptomyza apicalis 8S. monticola 4S. graminum 5S. unipunctumS. sp.Drosophia alboralisD. sexvittata 0D. trivittata 5D. histrioides 13D. coracina 4D. bifasciata 10D. suzukii 8D. nipponicaD. magnipectinata 4D. luteaD. auraria-AD. auraria-B 393D. auraria-CD. brachynephros 2D. unispina 6D. nigromacula ta 37D. raridenta ta 8D. testacea 76D. bizonataD. histrio 4
Naebutoro Nopporo Oshima- Yoshioka Total
1
31
531
54287
1631
211
6184
55428200
95
11930
809234452
4878
8043014
317 6
311
31
22
101
399
1
1405019
5 18781
11624
21823
21
1
2(7)1
8
1
5190
1530
320
682
2716
130
46
2+1(? )30
7
37: 104 Research Notes DIS 37
Hiroo Naebutoro Nopporo Oshima-Yoshioka Total
D. funebris 22 22
D. ezoana 63 63
D. imigrans 1 2 3
D. sordidula 185 185
D. lacertosa 365 398 1956 12 2731
D. moriwakii 6 163 169
D. okadai 2 149 58 209
undistinguished sp. I 1 1
undistinguished sp. II 1 1
undistinguished sp. III .J -1Total 1191 2565 3005 648 7409
Mather, Wharton B. Notes onthe inversions of D. rubida.
Since the first report on the inversions ofD. rubida (Mather, W. B. Genetics 46:799-810, 1961), the analysis of further samples
from New Guinea has revealed the presence of additional inversions, and led to arevision of the break points of one of the simple inversions, and a new interpretationof the complex inversions II RD and II RE.
The new inversions are all on Chromosome III (Figure 1) and appear to havethe following break points: Simple E 21.0-22.1, complex F consisting of two inversions18.1-22.1 and 21.0-22.1, simple G 23.5-24.5 and simple H 17.1-20.0. The break pointsof simple II B appear to be at 4.2 and 5.5. The inversions involved in complex II RDappear to be the following: 7.1-10.7, 8.5-9.4, 8.5-14.1, 12.2-14.1 and those incomplex II RE are: 7.1-10.7, 9.4-14.1, 12.2-14.1, 12.2-16.3.
Figure 1
,
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 105
The experients reported here stem from thefact that the classical explanation of equat-ional exceptions formulated by Bridges (exchange
followed by non-disjunction of sister centromeres at All) is not easily reconciledwi th Bridges' own observation that the homologous markers in equational exceptions aremore distally rather than proximally located. This would not have bothered Bridges, ofcourse, because in 1916 it was not known that the centromere was at the car end of theX.
Merriam, John R. Studies onthe basis of non-disjunction.
To check whether this observation is correct, y/y sc cv v f car ~~ weremated to sc cv v f car ôô and the progeny examined for matroclinous exceptions (i.e.
y ~~). The exceptional females were mated to brothers and their male progeny scoredto determine the genotype of the exception.
Thirty-two exceptions were recovered of which 5 were homozygous for reces-si ve markers in addition to y and 27 were y only. Of these 27 apparent primary ex-ceptions 15 did in fact have the same genotype as their mother, 9 were homozygous forone or more + alleles (4 sc + homozygous alleles, 5 cv+, 6 v+ and 2 f+) and 3 werereciprocal crossover products. Thus of all cases of non-disjunction, 15 carried nocrossover chromosomes, 14 carried one crossover and one non-crossover (or two non-complementary crossover products) and three carried complementary crossover products.
The pattern of genotypes obtained in matroclinous exceptions suggests thatprimary and equational non-disjunction both result from a failure of homologouschromosomes to separate at the first meiotic division followed by a normal equationalseparation of strands for both X chromosome dyads at the second division. The cross-over pattern suggests that this non-disjunction may occur either with or without priorexchange but is more likely in the absence of exchanges.
In order to remove complications due to secondary non-disjunction in com-paring exceptional and regular mothers, experiments utilizing YSX.YL males are nowunder way.
For additional data supporting this same conclusion, see note by Frostelsewhere in this issue.
Meyer, Helen U. i Janet Hall andSandra Thomas. Crossover tests ofmutant second chromosomes from X-rayed gonial cells.
More information on the frequency of struct-ural changes has been obtained by crossoveranalysis of mutant second chromosomes fromX-rayed spermatogonia and oogonia (4000r),compared to some similar control chromosomes.
All chromosomes were of the constitution fes ms b .cn sp; they contained induced"visible" and, in a few cases, near-lethal "visible" mutations.
Crossover tests were made by first crossing to S SpBl L2, and then back-crossing Fl-females to the mutant stock. The F2 was raised at 26°c. because of thetemperature dependent expressio~ of Sp. An average of 500 F2 were classified forthe markers S, Sp, b, cn, Bl, L , and sp in each case. Only a rough survey waspossible since the length of the second chromosome allows a considerable amount ofdouble crossing over between the more widely spaced markers.
The following results were obtained: (1) Reasonable agreement with estab-lished map distances in all of 4 control chromosomes having mutations of spontaneous
origin. (2) Of 10 mutant chromosomes from irradiated oogonia tested we found onecase of reduced crossing over in the middle of 2R. (3) Of 20 mutant chromosomes
37: 106 Research Notes DIS 37
from irradiated spermatogonia we found that 2 showed considerable reduction of ex-changes. In alli.3 instances crossing over was reduced by more than 50%, but notcompletely suppressed in the affected regions. We assume therefore that we weredealing with rather small inversions. (In this same experiment, but not includedin this study, an apparently long pericentric inversion was found, which howeverwas completely lethal when homozygous.)
It appears then that a dose of 4000r to gonial cells is capable of causingchanges in the linear arrangement of chromosomes, even though with a much lowerfrequency than such a dose would induce in mature germ cells. The incidence of
3/30, chromosomes tested is consistent with some previous results from X-rayedoogonial X-chromosomes, where one such case was found among 9 chromosomes tested
(Meyer and Criswell, DIS 35:90, 1961).
(Supported by U.S. Public Health Service Contract RG-5286(C4) to Dr.H. J. Mullerand associates.)
Fifty males and fifty virgin females ofhighly inbred Oregon-R (from P. T. Ives)were given 0, 8, 80, or 800r. Beginnng
with the F2, their offspring were selected in alternte generations for suscepti-bility to induction of crossvein defects at 36.5°C. There was no apparent response.In contrast, a strain with contributions from 34 wild inseminated Syracuse femalesresponded quickly to similar selection. This temperature (duration 200 min.) waschosen for absence of sterility effect. The figures in the table represent averagecrossvein defect ratings, where 0 is wild type and 12 is complete absence of pos-terior crossvein, all intermediates being possible. Note that the mixed wildstrain is less sensitive to the heat shock to begin with. This is usual.
Radiationdose r
Milkman, Roger. Selection in wildand in X-irradiated isogenic D.m.
StrainQ
Inbred 0 Ô 0.6Oregon-R
~ 3.1" 8 ô 0.7
~ 3.8" 80 ô 0.6
~ 3.2" 800 Ô 1.0
~ 3.4
Mixed 0 Ô 0.4Wild
~ 1.0
Miller, Dwght D. Some recentcollection records of D. affinissubgroup species in the southeasternstates.
Generations of Selection1 ~ 10.5 1.2 1.33.0 3.5 4.1
1.1 1.7 1.43.4 4.5 5.0
0.9 1.5 1.82.8 4.8 4.8
1.1 1.8 1.94.0 5.3 4.3
0.7 2.1 2.91.6 4.7 5.4
Net Change4
0.4 -0.24.2 +1.1
0.5 -0.24.8 +1.0
1.3 +0.74.0 +0.8
1.7 +0.74.2 +0.8
+2.5+4.4
The geographical distributions of NorthAmerican D. affinis subgroup species weresummarized in 1958 by Miller (Amer. Midl.Nat. 60:52). The incidence of these closelyrelated species in collections in the south-
eastern states was especially interesting because two of them, algonquin and atha-basca, appeared to have southeastern boundaries of distribution wi thin this region,algonquin ranging southeast to a line running from central Texas to New York City,and athabasca extending south in the Appalachians only as far as the Great Smokies.
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 107
A number of collections made in the southeastern states since the 1958 sumary areof interest because of their bearing on the incidence and prevalence of these species.Although the data are too meager and scattered for a formal sumary, they are presentedhere to call the attention of Drosophila workers to the situation. The author is in-debted to Dr. Max Levitan (Philadelphia) and Dr. H. D. Stalker (St. Louis) for speci-mens they have collected and sent to him for his examnation and use, and to Dr. LeoWeeks (Statesboro, Georgia), who collected with the author in North Carolina in thesumer of 1962. The following table lists the presence of the four eastern AmericanD. affinis subgroup species affinis, algonquin, athabasca, and narragansett in col-lections of 1959, 1961, and 1962, in the coastal states of the southeast (given ingeographical order from northeast to southwest). The collectors are designated byinitial letters (L-Levitan, M-Miller, S-Stalker, W-Weeks) with the years of collection(59, 61, 61).
affinis: Virginia: Blacksburg (162), Shawsville (L62), Williamsburg (L59); NorthCarolin: Cherokee (M62), Highlands (M,w62), Raleigh (L59), Transylvania Co. (M,W62) , Whiteside Mt. (M62); South Carolina: Greenville (L59), Myrtle Beach StatePark (161); Georgia: Alto (L59), Chenocetah Mt. (L59), Clayton (L59), EmoryUniv. (S61), Lake Russell (L59), Mt. Berry (M62), Satolah (W62); Florida: Blounts-town (S61), Everglades City (S61), Homosassa Springs (s61), Myakka State Park (s61);Alabama: Demopolis (s61), Wagarville (S61); Mississippi: Burnsville (S61), Easta-buchie (S61), Mathiston (M62), Percy Quin State Park (s61); Louisiana: Opelousas
(s61).
algonquin: North Carolina: Cherokee (M62), Highlands (M,w62), Transylvania Co.(M, W62), Whiteside Mt. (M62); South Carolina: Greenville (L59); Georgia:Clayton (L59).
athabasca: Virginia: Williamsburg (L59); North Carolina: Cherokee (M62), High-lands (M,w62), Transylvania Co. (M,w62), Whiteside Mt. (M62); Georgia: LakeRussell (L59).
narragansett: North Carolina: Highlands (M,w62), Whiteside Mt. (M62); Georgia:Chenocetah Mt. (L59), Clayton (L59), Lake Russell (L59), Satolah (W62); Florida:Blountstown (S61); Alabama: Wagarville (S61).
As may be seen from these data, affinis was present in collections in allthese states, and narragansett occurred sporadically in the southeast (consistentwith what had been known before). On the other hand, algonquin is now known tobe present in northwestern South Carolina (Greenville) and northern Georgia(Clayton), though it did not appear at low elevations nearer the coast fromVirginia to Louisiana, and athabasca' s known range now extends to northern Georgia
(Lake Russell), though it still remains within and near the mountains of theAppalachian system south of Virginia.
Among Q. affinis subgroup males collected in Western North Carolina duringJuly and August, 1962, by Miller and Weeks at Highlands (on the Blue Ridge atelevations 3700-4020 ft.), 3066 were affinis, 13 algonquin, 179 athabasca, and 2narragansett, and in Transylvania Co (southeast slope of Blue Ridge at elevations1100-2280 ft.) 3472 males were affinis, 2 algonquin, and 5 athabasca.
The available evidence is consistent with the earlier impression that bothalgonquin and athabasca have limits of distribution in the vicinity of the southernAppalachians. Further determnations of the presence and frequency of thesespecies in collections in the southeastern states would be interesting.
Mittler, Sidney and A. HampelProtection against X-ray induced sexlinked recessive lethals.
AET (2 amino ethyl isothiouroniumdihydrobromide) in .01N NaOH at pH of
7.3 was injected at a dose of .00090 mgper 24 hours old male Oregon-R. This
is twice the amount on a mg/kg basis to protect mice from death by irradiation.The flies were exposed to 100KV X-rays for 2000 r. The males were mated to M-5
37: 108 Research Notes DIS 37
females at ratio of 1 male to 3 females. The males were transferred to a newgroup of females every four days to thus obtain information on whether AET affordedprotection to mature sperm, spermatids, spermatocytes and to spermatogonia againstradiation induced sex linked recessive lethals.
AET injected and exposed to 2000 r
1-4 day sperm 4-8 days 8-12 days afterirradiation
26 lethals / 896
chromosomes tested43 lethals/538 10/1099
2.9% lethals 8.0% 0.90%
Control 2000 r
1-4 day sperm 4-8 days 8-12 days afterirradiation
J4 lethals/885
3.8% lethals
22/458 8/377
2.1%4.8%
The 1-4 day sperm after irradiation are mainly mature sperm, the 4-8 day broodrepresent spermatids, spermatocytes which have been shown by many workers to bethe most sensitive stage to radiation with respect to mutation and 8-12 day spermwere probably sp~rma togonia at the time of the exposure to X-rays. AET did notprotect the 4-8 day sperm but rather definitely increased the percentage of radiationinduced lethals. Similar results were. reported by Edington (Am. Nat. 92, 1958).no found that AET enhanced the radiation induced lethals but used only 1-6 day oldsperm after irradiation. AET appears to have afforded definite protection to thespermatogonial stages which by our present method of testing are the most resistantto radiation effects.
Miyoshi, Y. Difference in the larvalmetabolism of sodium chloride betweenNaCl-resistant strain and the suscep-tible strain of D. melanogaster.
Difference in the larval metabolism ofsodium chloride between NaCl-resistantstrain and the susceptible strain of D.melanogaster was investigated by meansof the radioactive tracer method. Under
the normal cultural conditions, NaCl-resistant strain MH surpasses the susceptiblestrain v both in the maintenance of high concentrations of the Na-ion in the larvalhaemolymph and in the turnover rate of the Na-ion in the haemolymph. Under theconditions of the presence of NaCl in excess in the culture medium, the Na-ion inthe medium is taken up by the larvae of both the resistant strain and the suscep-tible one and is incorporated in the haemolymph.
The strain differences in the metabolic pattern of the Na-ion are more evidentwhen the concentration of NaCl in the medium is as high as 1.0 M. In the suscep-tible larva v, efflux of the Na-ion from the haemolymph does not increase incorrelation of increasing the influx into the haemolymph from the external mediumand the efflux-influx does not equilibrate.
When the. resistant larva MH is transferred from the standard medium to themedium containing 1.0 M NaCl, the influx of the ion into the haemolymph is ratherslow in the first period, and then it increases rapidly and reaches the constantlevel which is higher than that in the medium.
In this way, the metabolic pattern of the Na-ion in the medium containing1.0 M NaCl is different from that in the media containing NaCl at low concentrations.
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 109
Momm, E., A. Kaneko and T. Tokui tsuDrosophila populations at two adjacentlocalities in Hokkaido.
Monthly collections were made in the cityof Sapporo, the Uni versi ty BotanicalGarden, and in the Nopporo forest zonelocated about ten miles' distance from
Sapporo, during a period from May to October, 1962. A total of 5680 specimens werecollected in both localities; they were represented by 25 species. Among them,13 species were common to the two localities, and 6 species were endemic to eachlocality. In the urban population in Sapporo, Q. auraria, Q. ni~romaculata and Q.brachynephros were dominant showing frequencies of 40, 20 and 12~, respectively,while in rural population at Nopporo, only Q. lacertosa showed a conspicuous pre-dominance having a frequency of 65%. This species was ranked the 6th in the orderof frequency, being 5% in the urban population.
Mukai, T., I. Yoshikawa, and S. ChigusaRadiation-induced mutation rate of poly-genes controlling the number of sterno-pleural bristles in D. melanogaster.
In the same way as reported in the DIS
36, the males of an isogenic line(Burdick's w160) extracted from a wildpopulation of Erie, Pa. (U.S.A.) wereirradiated with X-rays at 250r and 500 r,
and the heterozygous effects of radiation-induced mutations on the number ofsternopleural bristles were tested.
One of the most interesting results is that the responses of the sterno-pleural bristles of males and females to the radiation have been different, i.e.,the variances of females have increased but those of males have not changed.Therefore, the mutation rates were estimated by using the data for females only.In this estimation, a method developed by Mukai (1961) with reference to Bateman'swork (1959) was modified and employed, i. e., the means and variances of the dis-tribution patterns of sternopleural bristle numbers have been used, and the hetero-zygous effects of mutations were assumed to be one half of the standard deviationof the control distributions, following Oka' s (1958) assumption. The sumarizedresults are presented in the table.
Dose Or 250r
2422
500r
No. of genomes tested 2519 2517
0.149 0.285
/ -6 -61 19x10 1.14xl02.02xl0-4/r
Average no. of mutations per individual
Mutation rate*
Variance increase rate**
assuming 500 loci per genome. (per locus per r)** heterozygote basis.
*
The estimated mutation rates of the order of 10-6/locus/r are very close toan est~~te of the mutation rates of polygenes controlling the viability (ca.1.26x10 /locus/r) (Mukai 1961), and are extremely high as compared with those ofmajor genes.
Muller, H. J.of triploids.
A semi-automatic stock Previous experience has shown that thereare usually great difficulties in con-structing an automatically self-perpetuating
stock of triploids, followed by great difficulties in maintaining such a stock.Recently, however, we have obtained by accident, at one stroke, a stock of triploidswhich maintains itself semi-automatically and has a fair reproductive potential. Itarose suddenly, as two females at once, and therefore probably from a tetraploidoogonial stem-line'. The stock of origin consisted of a modification, maintainedhere, of a Pasadena stock. The females of our local stock have attached X-chromo-¿ a asomes homozygeus for y su-w w bb aLd t§e *ales have an X. Y chromosome ofcomposi tion yu X InEN In26 B f v y. Y sc y, no free Y being present. The triploid
37: 110 Research Notes DIS 37
females, having all three of these X-chromosomes, are normal in appearance exceptfor their 1/2-zygous (if we may call it so) Bar, which is distinctly wider thanordinary heterozygous Bar. They are large, vigorous, and relatively early hatching,and produce numerous eggs. The results show that the free X-chromosome contains Flor some similarly acting gene that is lethal to females homozygous for it. In con-sequence, no diploid females homozygous for the B f v -containing chromosome appear.It is noteworthy that this Fl-like gene also kills off the triploid intersexes thathave two of these X-chromosomes, although, as usual, it does not appreciably affectthe diploid males.
Among the offspring of these triploids after crossing to their brothers,the diploid females having the attached X's appear with a frequency about three timesthat of the triploid females. However, being somewhat bb, the diploid daughters arecomparatively small and late-hatching, and are less numerous than expected on thebasis of the probable segregation frequencies. No triploid inters exes having theseattached X-chromosomes have appeared, probably because of the weakening effect of bbtaken in conjunction with that of the intersex configuration. Neither have "super-males" (triploids wi th2 the Bar-containing X) been found. Thus the only types regular-ly appearing are the y wa diploid females,. the B/ / triploid females, and the B f vmales. These have appeared in the numbers 50: 17: 20 , respectively, in a sample count.Thus far no crossovers have been found. Since the last two classes are of the typeneeded for a repetition of the parental cross it is unnecessary to obtain virgins andthe only selection required is the discarding of the y2 ~ females. A single one ofthese triploid females can, in a month's breeding at 25°C., produce some 10 triploidoffspring like herself.
4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) is a fairlysimple compound which has' carcinogenic andcarcinostatic actions. It is also provedthat 4NQO has mutagenic effects in N02micro-organisms and in TMV. We O"~tested the mutagenicity of this \ . J
substance by feeding. 4NQO was added to the Drosophila food (agar 2g, ~, '~/brown sugar 15g, dry yeast 12 g, and H20 100ml) with the concentration Cof 6, 18, 36 and 64mg per 100ml of food, respectively. 2ôô and 3~~ of OrK flies (12.5~ 7.5 hrs after emergence) were left in vials containing about 5ml of 4NQO food tolay eggs for 4 days. Number of vials prepared were, 11 for 64mg dose, 10 for 36mg,8 for 18mg, 10 for 6mg and 3 for control, respectively. After 4 days, all flies wereshaken out, and hatched larvae were allowed to grow there. When flies were come outfrom these vials, delay in development and sexes of flies were scored for each group,and sex-linked recessive lethals were examined using M-5 method. Brood patterns inmutation rates were also tested for every 3 day intervals.
Nakao, Y. and Y. Morioka.A test of mutagenicity of 4-Ni troquinoline-N-oxide inD. melanogaster (feedingexperiment) .
By feeding with 4NQO, the delay in developmental time was found in pro-portion to the concentrations of the agent, but not so remarkable. Lethal effectduring development (reduction in number of aduit flies grown on the 4NQO medium)was not clear till 36mg dose. A few sterile and semi-sterile males were also foundamong treated groups. The lethal mutation rates were shown in the table.
Dose
Control6mg18mg36mgControl64mg
Brood I0.19 (509)*0.0 (548)10 75 (628)0.34 (582)0.36 (556)2.98 (771)
Brood II
0.21 (469)0.0 (486)1. 76 (569)0.35 (572)0.0 (542)1.79 (504)
Brood III
0.66 (301)0.0 (366)3.49 (544)0.57 (522)0.16 (631)2.41 (415)
Brood iv
0.21 (472)
1.21 (31)* Numbers in parentheses are those of tested chromosomes.
January 1963 Research Notes 37:111
It is curious that in 18mg series mutation rates were fairly high incontrast to low mutation rates in 36mg series. But, this is owing to a big mutationcluster in 18mg series. That is to say, we found 11 lethals in brood I, 8 lethalsin brood II and 17 lethals in brood III, respectively, originated from only onetreated male. (From one treated male, as a rule 20 F1 pairs were tested in each case.)If we excluded this male, mutation rates in 18mg seriés would be very low. When theconcentration of 4NQO attained to 128mg per 100ml, no egg could hatch on the medium.We can, therefore, conclude that mutagenicity of 4NQO is certain but not strong, andthat its mutagenicity is not clear till the concentration comes as high as sublethaldose.
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzymatic activitywas assayed in five inbred strains of Droso-phila melanogaster. The strains had beenderi ved under constant temperature conditionsof 26°c. and have been maintained by sib
matings for over 100 generations. Although derived under similar environmentalcondi tions the strains exhibit considerable variation in their morphology and via-bility (Nash, unpublished data). It was thought of interest to examine the strainsfor variation in levels of enzyme activity.
Nash, Donald J. and W. E.Klopfenstein. Alcohol dehydro-genase activity in inbred linesof Drosophila melanogaster.
Newly emerged adults were starved for 12 to 24 hours and then were groundat OoC. with 8 ml. of water in a Ten Broeck glass homogenizer. The homogenates thenwere centrifuged for 15 minutes at 10,000 rpm. in a Sewall refrigerated centrifugeuntil a clear solution above the sedimented material was obtained. The extracts thenwere used as the source of enzyme activity. If the homogenates could not be usedimmedia tely, they were stored at -2 to 50 c.
The buffers, substrates and wave lengths used were similar to those describedby Seecoff (1961). The buffer was glycine Na OH, pH 9.5, and the substrate (u moles/ml) was ethanol, 20 DPM (0.1 mg/ml.) Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was measured asoptical density changes at a wave length of 340 mu. The enzyme activities were cal-culated as described by Colowick and Kaplan (1955).
Varia tions in the levels of enzyme activity wi thin the same inbred strainwere particularly noticeable when it was necessary to freeze and store the homogenatesfor varying lengths of time. Seecof (1961) also reported that experiments run onflies which had been frozen gave more variable results. On a given day replicates ofmeasures of enzyme activity would be fairly constant, although the estimates mightdiffer considerably from those obtained at other times.
Underlying the overall variability the data did appear to indicate dif-ferent levels of enzymatic acti vi ty that were characteristic for the different strains.In the five inbred strains examined the enzyme activity levels were 1.10, 1.37, 2.61,2.60, and 3.90 units.
References: Colowick, S. P. and Kaplan, N. 0., 1955, Methods in Enzymology,Academic Press, New York.
Seecof, Robert, 1961, Gene D~sage and Enzyme Activities in Drosophilamelanogaster, Genetics 46:605-614.
Nasrat, G. E. Maleic hydrazide asa chemical mutagen.
Maleic hydrazide which is known to inducelocalized chromosome breakages, upset specificprocesses in the cell, inhibit cell divisionstudy to be mutagenic in Drosophila melanogaster.in several plants, was found in this
37: 112 Research Notes DIS 37
First instar larvae were reared on a chemically treated medium. The treatedmedium was mad~ up by adding 0.4% maleic hydrazide at 550 c. to a standard medium con-taining 10% glucose, 2% agar, 10% yeast and water. Males only were used. StandardM-5 technique was used for testing for sex linked recessive lethals. Successive 3-dayinterval broods were reared and scored separately.
LethalsBrood No. of sperms tested Number ~
1st 1,024 11 1.07
2nd 857 3 0.35
3rd 813 3 0.37
The data presented in the preceding table show that maleic hydrazide, whenmixed with food, produces mutation in the larval testes of Drosophila melanogaster.
Natarajan, A. T.. Satya Nirulaand M. S. Swaminatham Geneticstudies with irradiated culturemedium in Drosophila.
Experiments conducted at the Botany Division,Indian Agricultural Research Institute, NewDelhi, on the effects of irradiated culturemedia, potato mash and fruit juices on mito-sis in root meristems of barley, Vicia faba
and onion, have shown that such irradiated products may have radiometic effects (1,2,3). In view of the obvious bearing of these data on assessing the wholesomeness offood material sterilized through irradiation, a project was initiated with D. melano-gaster to ascertain whether the mutational load is enhanced in flies fed with irradi-ated food. The experimental procedure adopted is as follows:
Young Oregon-K flies are fed on the basic medium ~elucose, agar and yeast)irradiated with 150 Kilo rads of y-rays from a 200 Curie Co source (this dose ef-fectively sterilizes the medium). The flies are allowed to breed and the parent fliesare killed after about 7 days. The male flies which emerge from larvae exclusivelyfed with irradiated food are then used in ClB and Muller- 5 tests. Controls are keptin all cases.
The studies are still in progress but a striking feature of the data col-
lected so far is the occurrence of what are presumed to be dominant and recessive
lethals expressing in the Fi and F2 gen~rations respectively. The data from ClBmatings are given below:
Total no. Egg lethals SterileTreatment Generation of crosses (percent) males (percent)
Control Fi 120 0 0
Control F2 223 0.44 0
Irradiated medium Fi 307 7 1.3
Irradiated medium F2 950 3.5 0
The large scale tests currently underway may provide quantitative data onthe occurrence of lethals as well as visible mutations in flies fed on irradiatedfood.
In one of the Fi progenies ofClB x Or-K cross (where the male flies wereraised from larvae fed exclusively on irradiated food) a CIB female which was amosaic with reference to the eye-character was isolated. The right eye was of normalClB-type while the left though also heterobar, was white in colour with two small redspots towards the curved side. The female was fully fertile but did not produce simi-lar types in the subsequent progenies. It is likely that the variant arose due to a
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 113
somatic mutation, but it is, however, not possible to say whether it was spontaneousof induced in origin.
Triploid stocks have been deri ved from a spon-taneous rearrangeJ/wnt in which a reversed acro-centric X-chromosome was formed through exchangebetween the scute-8, delta-49 and univerted
chromosomes of a free-X 3n stock (Mohl8r, DIS 34: 52). Such an exchange produced aRA marked with y f. B f In-49 v m wa sc (termed Balanced line 1), deficient for theinterstitial heterochromatiri and suppressor-of-forked locus, and having the yellowto achaete region represented but once. From8 this basic stock was derived Balancedline 2, marked with y w foB f In-49 v m wa sc. Efforts are being made to removethe delta-49 from the proximal arm of th~? RA bY8makingJ~~tanced line 2 heterozygousto a sce, non dl-49 chromosome (e.g. y31 . w sc and y car f v cv sc8). A fewnon-Bar 3N daughters are currently being tested to determine the extent of the ex-change which resulted in the loss of Bar from the proximal end of the RA; if dl-49is also proven to be removed, an attempt will be made to reinsert this inversion intothe distal arm. Thus, two "complementary" RAstocks, each with dl-49 in differingarms, can be maintained for comparative purposes.
Neeley, John C. Triploidstocks containing a reversedacrocentric X-chromosome.
Present stocks are maintained b8" mating the Ba;Lîgged lines 1 and82 3Nfemales to sib males (marked with In(l)sc In(1)dl-49, y3 B f v m wa'îå?)' sucha cross PSoducing triploid daughters, sterile intersexes, and diploid yJ B f In-49v m wa sc sons and daughters, the latter of which are sterile. It would appear thatthis is a balanced system somewhat similar to that described by Green (DIS 28: 121)in which the only fertile offspring were IN daughters and 2N sons; complicationsarise in the RA. stock, however, when this method is employed: 1) Most viable cross-overs be~ween the two arms of the RA and consequegt rearrangement of loci wi~l gounrecognized; 2) Double crossovers between the sc , dl-49 rod X and the non-inverteddistal arm of the RA will remove the dl-49 inversion from the rod chromosome andthereby will produce fertile 2N daughters 0 Such crossover events superimposed uponthe stock's relatively low fertility necessitates constant selection of offspring.Consequently, the reversed acrocentric triploid stocks here described are difficultto maintain and cannot be considered truly balanced.
The percentage of aduit progelW havin~ erupt eyeswas scored following two crosses. Each crosswas tested a number of times, each test comprising100 larvae, collected within 3 hours of hatching,placed in a vial containing a constant amount of
standard cornmeal-molasses-carragar-brewer's yeast medium seeded with live yeast.1. Matings' between b; er homo zygotes gave, during the first 6 days of egg
laying, 4333 black progeny of which 98.6% were erupt. Overall survival was 72.2%.2. Six days after the first mating the same females were mated to homo-
zygous Su-er; er males. Among 852 black adults obtained from larvae hatched from eggslaid the next six days 97.7% were erupt. Among 6563 nonblack siblings 719, or 12.7%,were erupt. Overall survival was 76.8%.
These results show no detectable difference in the frequency of erupt eyesin adults from bib; er/er zygotes whether sperm of two genotypes (b; er and Su-er;er)or of only one genotype (b; er) are present in the fe~ale parent. This lack of pheno-typic cross-influence of Su-er containing sperm is consistent with the evidence thatpolyspermy is rare, and does not support a telegonic view that the seminal fluidcarries a diffusible substance capable of suppressing erupt.
(Supported by grant C4228 from the National Cancer Institute, U. S. Public HealthService. )
Norton, Isabel L., and I. H.Herskowi tz. Absence of telegonyin matings involving erupt andSuppressor-erupt.
37: 114 Research Notes DIS 37
In a cross i~olving X.yL (K-7) In( 1) sc8LENR, y f y.y , which had previously (Novitski1951) §eeE sh8wn to be inSinrerted sequence,and XY .y , r su-wa wa y.y y+ in normal
sequence, single crossovers appeared with a highLfrequency, indicating that now thetwo chromosomes have similar sequences. The X.Y (K-7) chromosome was then combinedwith y cv v f car and the crossover count of this combination gave: N = 2469, 0 =686 + 547, 1 = 143 + 104, 2 = 220 + 213, 3 = 233 + 206; 1 and 2 = 1 + 1, 1 and 3 =28 + 24, 2 and 3 = 32 + 30; 1, 2 and 3 = 1.
This indicated that this particular chromosome is no longer in invertedsequence, but has been reinverted to form a chromosome thag appears, at first sight,to be normal but which, because of its origin from In(l)sc on the left and In(l)ENon the right has, in all probability, the unusual and useful property of having twoadjacent yellow loci, a distal one with the normal allele followed by an X chromo-some in normal sequence with the recessive allele, with a heterochromatic segmentinterposed. +
A second stock of the same origin, K-7, but carrying the mutants y f vcv y was similarly tested; it proved not to be reinverted. 81 R
This newLreinversion is designated as follows: X.yL (K-7) In( l)sc EN(Reinv. ), y + Y f. Y .
Novitski, E. and E. Ehrlich.Another potentially usefulreinversion.
An experiment designed to measure the frequencyand size of clusters of spontaneous sex-linkedrecessive lethals was made thus: 20 young un-mated CS+ males from $ were isolated for three
days, and then each mated for 3 one-day periods, with 5 virgin M-5 ~~ per period.Females were put into half pint bottles for egg laying after the end of the matingperiod. After 2 days they were shaken over into new bottles where they remained for2 days after which they were discarded. All B/+ ~£ emerging in the bottles weretested for absence of +ôô in the offspring. From 144 to 1040 chromosomes were testedper male, making a total of 15522. .
In all, 45 lethals were found, giving a frequency of 0.290 per cent. Theselethals were randomly distributed among the males, as shown below.
Oftedal, Per. Frequency 'ofrecessive sex-linked lethalclusters.
No. lethals 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No. males 4 3 6 3 1 2 1
a a a b ba: 1 cluster of 2 b: 2 ,clusters of 2
In all cases where two or more .lethals came from the same male, the lethalswere localized by means of crossing over with y cv v f or sc ct v f car marker chromo-somes. In 7 cases two lethals could not be shown to be differently located on thechromosome, and may represent clusters. No case of more than two lethals in a clusterwas found. Thus 38 independent mutations were found, of which only 7 have probablyarisen before meiosis, and none seem to stem from the earliest spermatogonia.
Considering the time spent in the different stages of spermatogenesis, thefindings do not preclude that spontaneous mutations may arise preferentially in thesame stages which are known to be most sensitive to radiation.
Oftedal, Per.in broods.
Sex. ratio In connection with radiation work, the sexratio in successive broods from daily matingsof unirradiated ôô has been investigated. In
preliminary experiments, the sex ratio in offspring from yy ~ x CS+ ¿ and from yy ~x CX2 ô were obtained. Less than three hour old males from $ were mated separatelyin vials, each to 5 virgin yy females per day for 5 days, and 3 females per day forthe next 4 days. Females were allowed to lay eggs in half pint bottles with normalmedium. Males were etherized when picked from $, but daily transfers were made with-out etherization. Offspring in bottles were counted until day 18 after start of
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 115
laying.Four CS+ ôô have been tested. Of these, three showed a ô/ ~ ratio for the
total over 9 days ¡of 1.05, 1.05 and 1.04. The average ratio shows a slight peakon day 5 (1.22) with low values on day 3 (0.98) and on day 8 (0.91) but these dif-ferences are hardly significant. The fourth CS+ ô showed a mean ratio of 0.38, andall daily values are below those of the others, showing that this X must have beensubvi tal. Total production figures were reduced in a similar fashion (1660, 1644and 1435 compared to 1053).
Four CX2 ¿ô were tested at the same time as the CS+ ôô. The ô/ ~ ratio forthe totals are similar for all four CX2 ô¿, being 0.94, 0.93, 0.92 and 0.85, with aproduction of 1099, 1499, 1196 and 1437 offspring respectively. These males didnot mate as well as CS+, only one male giving offspring on day 1, and on day 2another male gave a low number. The sex ratio is very uniform for days 8 and 9 sud-denly rises to 1.13 and 1.12 respectively. The rise appears to be significant al-though there is greater variability between males. This increase in variability isnot parallelled by a decrease in producti vi ty .
No explanation for this phenomenon can be proposed at present, but it doesdemonstrate a possible complication in some types of experiment.
The relative frequencies of second chromosomes,carrying lethal, semi-lethal, and subvitalgenes, isolated from the Suyama and Jurikipopula tions in 1961, were compared with those
obtained in 1959 and 1960. No significant differences in these frequencies wereobserved. After keeping the lethal chromosomes in the Cy balanced system in thesuccessive generations, diallel crosses between new 61 lethal strains (collected in1961) and old 23 lethal strains (collected in 1960) were performed and it was foundthat the allelic nate between new and old groups was 0.68. Two lethal genes outof these 23 lethals were considered to be retained at least for one year and othertwo lethal genes for two years in the same locality (Oshima and Kitagawa, 1961, andOshima, 1962).
Twenty-three lethal chromosomes and twenty-two normal chromosomes isolatedin 1960 were used for estimating the pre-adult viabilities of their heterozygotes.The Cy-Pm technique devised by B. Wallace (1956) was used in this experiment and theresults are presented in the Table.
Pooled BasisRelativeviability
Oshima, C. The persistenceof deleterious genes in naturalpopulations of D. melanogaster.
GenotypeNo. of
counted flies
Line BasisNo. oflines
Relativeviability
127944 1.3530~0.0097369129 1.2643~0.0052"*160118 1.2768~0 ~0080**
The viability of Cy/Pm: 1.0000* significant at the 5% level; ** significant at the 1% level
The mean coefficient of selection (;) for single lethal heterozygotes was0.0336 on the line basis, and the coefficients of 8 lines among 23 lines showed nega-tive values. This means that about one-third of the lethal heterozygotes were notat a disadvantage in pre-adult viability.
On the other hand, the average viability of trans-heterozygotes of doublelethals was found to be rather better than that of single lethal heterozygotes. Inthe other experiments using X-ray induced lethals on the homozygous background (iso-genic Samarkand strain), the average relative viability of double lethal trans-heterozygotes was proportionally decreased as compared with that of single lethal het-erozygotes. The discrepancy between both experimental results would be caused eitherby the difference in lethal genes themselves or by their genetic background due tonatural selection. As the matter of fact, the population size of Drosophila wouldbe greatly reduced in the witer season in Japan, and then the chance to cross lethalheterozygotes with each othep might be increased in a small population. The comple-mentation viability of double lethal trans-heterozygotes could not be neglected inconsidering their persistence for a long time in the natural population.
: j ~
1 / 1
231506242
1.3677~0.01661. 3217-:0.0125*1. 3416~0.0181
37: 116 Research Notes DIS 37
Parazzi, E., S. Giavelli andL. V. Pozzi. Effect of temperatureand age on D. melanogaster pupaetreated with X-rays.
In order to study differential sensi ti vi tyof male germ cells and to analyse whetherthis is due to different metabolic conditionsof the flies, 24 hours and 48 hours old D.melanogaster ~upae were irradiated with 220
kV X rays with a dose of 600r at the temperature of a C and 25° C.Soon after emergence each male was mated to three Muller-5 virgin females and
was then transferred into a new vial with three new virgin females every day, forten days, in order to study radiation damage induc~d in germ cells irradiated atdifferent periods of gametogenesis.
The number of progeny of these matings and the recessive sex linked lethalmutations was scored. A lower number of progeny was found in every brood at 0° Cthan at 2~ C, but no difference was observed in the mutation frequency induced bythe treatments of 24 hour and 48 hour old pupae at different temperatures. Ahigher mutation rate was induced in meiotic stages than in premeiotic ones.These results are considered as preliminary, and work aiming to explain the resultsas in progress.
Pelecanos, M. and T. Alderson, Themutagenic response to aduit feeding ofdiethyl sulphate in Drosophila.
In testing whether chemicals produce mutationin aduit flies, the method most frequentlyused is to inject the chemical into theabdominal cavity. However, Lüers (1953) has
developed a method for feeding Drosophila adults which proved to be quite effectivefor the chemical, tri-ethylene melamine, which he was studying.
Pelecanos (1962) has previously shown that high frequencies of sex-linkedrecessive lethal mutations can be induced by culturing larvae on a medium containingdiethyl sulphate (ethyl sulphate). We have therefore used a modification of Lüerssimple method to study the sensitivity of stages in spermatogenesis to diethylsulphate fed to aduit Drosophila males. The present report describes the mutageniceffect produced by aduit feeding of diethyl sulphate. Our method was as follows:
, Several one-pint milk bottles, the bottoms of which were covered with a doublethickness of filter paper, had two drops of a 5 per cent suspension of heat-killedDistillers' Co. Ltd. yeast in distilled water placed in the centre of the filterpaper; this quantity of yeast sufficed for the duration of the treatment. Thefilter paper and yeast were then saturated with a solution containing:
2 parts of distilled water1 part of absolute alcohol
5 per cent glucoseDiethyl sulphate (British Drug Houses, containing 1.177 to 1.18 grams per ml.
at 20°C.)
Since diethyl sulphate is not miscible with water it is necessary to have alcohol inthe treatment solution to disperse the globules otherwse formed. The same diethylsulphate treatment solution was used throughout the experiment despite loss byhydrolysis (pH drop over the 48 hour treatment period is from 2.90 to 1.70).
Fifty newly-emerged Oregon-K males were placed in each bottle for 48 hoursduring which time the treated yeast and glucose was their only source of food. Thefilter paper and yeast were kept saturated during the period of treatment by adding 3drops of the treatment solution four times daily. After the treatment the maleswere tested for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations by the Muller-5 method usinga brooding pattern where each male is individually mated to two females for threedays; only the first brood is recorded here. The results sumarised in Table I thusrepresent germ cells prediminantly treated as mature spermatozoa, and the lethals mustconsequently have arisen independently of one another. The Table not only showsthe high frequency of mutations induced, but also the relatively high percentageof flies surviving the treatment. The frequency of sex-linked recessive lethalsis probably the highest recorded in Drosophila, and is theoretically equivalent tothe yield of mutations which would be induced by approximately 9000r of X-rays.
The high mutagenicity of diethyl sulphate when applied by this simple method,makes it a useful mutagenic agent for genetic studies, for diethyl sulphate is
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 117
apparently unable to produce chromosome aberrations in barley (Heiner et al, 1960)as well as translocations in Drosophila (unpublished data).
In conclusion, it should be noted that the dose-response to diethyl sulphateini tially shows a slight but significant mutagenic effect with increasing dosageuntil a critical concentration is reached at which there is a sudden increase toa maximal ~~~ue. For larval feeding the critical concentration is 0.375 per ~~~t(2.86 x 10 M), for aduit feeding it is approximately 0.4 per cent (3.06 x 10 M).
TABLE I
The mutagenic response to adult feeding of diethyl sulphate when newly hatched malesare treated for 48 hours
% of Sex- % treatedConcen- No of Sex-linked linked males which % Sterilitytration Molarity % Chroms. recessive recessive yielded of
% of D.E.S. Survivors Tested lethals lethals lethals Fi cultures
o0.50.575
- -43.8xl0 -44.4xl0
998168
4051.040305
1
28285
0.2527.1027.90
0.2488.0088.90
0.016.017.2
Pipkin, S. B. Salivary chromosomes ofspecies hybrids.
Salivary chromosomes of the reciprocalhybrids of D. l. lebanonensis and D.brooksae (Vict~ria group, subgenus-
PholRdoris) usually appear as fourteen unpaired arms issuing from a common chromo-center. However, in several cells there were three short paired regions two ofwhich were in one chromosome arm. In another cell, two pairs of chromosomes werepaired at both ends, displaying what seems to be long inversion figures. In twofurther cells from two different larvae, in addition to some unpaired lomologs, onepair exhibited "loose" pairing, resulting in a section of the chromosome beingexceptionally thick. These two cells also showed a clear cross shaped heterozygoustranslocation figure, the change of pairing homologs at the cross being clearlyvisible. Another chromosome pair in one of the last two cells displayed an over-lapping inversion figure-eight.
Hybrids of D. pattersoni and D. brooksae showed fairly complete pairing ofhomologs, with about 7 short inversions. However, two clear cross-shaped hetero-zygous inversion figures involving only three different chromosome arms wereapparent in cells from two different larvae.
Reddi, O. S. and C. Mathew ~ Sensitivityof Drosophila testes to centrifugation( 'Pseudo-gravity').
Adult wild type males (Oregon-K) weresubjected to centrifugation at the rateof 3000 rpm and a brood-wise analysis ofthe sex-linked recessive lethals scored is
presented below:
Brood A B C D E F
n 1 % n 1 % n 1 % n 1 % n 1 % n 1 %
Treated 461 1 0.22 614 3 0.49 778 2 0.26 848 2 0.25 706 601 2 0.3
Control 505 1 0.2 889 4 0.45 1020 3 0.29 708 3 0.42 251 290 1 0.3n - number of X-chromosomes scored 1 = number of sex-linked recessive lethals
The results indicate that centrifugation has no effect on the germ line ofDrosophila. These findings will be discussed elsewhere.
(This work has been supported from a grant from the Dept. of Atomic Energy, Govt.of India, No. 10/31/60 Tech. 1/62)
37: 118 Research Notes DIS 37
The desirability of the simultaneousscoring of different types of chromosomalaberrations in the progeny of the sametreated male need not be overemphasized.Apart from saving considerable time, it
has the added advantage of overcoming the possible differences in the rate of spermutilization which would result if tests for various chromosomal aberrations are donesepara tely .
In the proposed stock, translocations involving Y:2:3 chromosomes, autosomal (IIchromosome) and sex-linked recessive lethals could be studied simultaneously. Thestock is designated as "Translax" to denote the screening of Translocations, lethalson ~utosome and sex-chromosome 0.0. --
Reddi, O. S. and C. Mathew. A newstock for simultaneous scoring ofTranslocations, autosomal and sex-linkedrecessive lethals in D. melanogaster.
Stock: Sl 8Essentially the X-chromosome is of Muller-5 (sc B In-S wa sc ) type and the
modification introduced involves the incorporat~on of ~ chemically induced lethal
(l 45) in II chromosome balanced against SMl al Cy sp and the third chromosomemade homozygous for ebony. Lethal "l45" has been introduced to overcome the dif-ficulty of selection of straight winged flies at every generation.
Stock genotype:scSl B
a 8Femles In-S w scai2 2
scSi B In-S a 8 l45/SMl Cy sp ; e/ ew sc
Males scSl B In-S a 8 l45/SMl ai2 Cy2 e/ew sc sp ;
Treated males are crossed to the virgin females of the above stock,
+ + + B a 2 2 e/e-. + + B :a : l45/Smlal Cy sp ;
(Muller-5)
Fi sons are:
Class 1) Ba + + Bar eye; straight wingsw-- l45 e
Class 2) B wa + + Bar eye; Curly wings2 2-- SMl al Cy sp e
Fi daughters are:
Class 3) + + + Heterozygous Bar; straight wingsB wa l45 e
Class 4) ++ 2
+ Heterozygous Bar; Curly wings
B wa2
SMl al Cy sp e
Screening of chromosomal aberrations:1. Translocations: Cross individually F1 bar eyed Curly sons (Class 2 above)
wi th virgin females of ebony stock.
A. If there is no translocation there will be 4 types of offspring, namely1) wild type 2) Curly 3) ebony and 4) Curly ebony.
B. Translocation involving Y: 2 chromosomes would produce the following types:Males: 1. wild type, 2 . ebonyFemales: 3. Curly, 4. Curly ebony
C. Y: 3Males: 1. wild type, 2 . CurlyFemales: 3. ebony, 4. r.arly ebony
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 119
D. Y:2:3Males: 1. wild typeFemales: 2. Curly ebony
E. 2: 3
Both sexes: 1. wild type, 2. Curly ebony
2. Sex-linked recessive lethals: The F 1 Bar eyed Curly sons and daughters
(Class 2 and 4 above) are crossed individually and the F2 cultures are checkedfor the absence of wild type male (treated).
3. Autosomal lethals: The ~1 Bar eyed Curly sons are crossed individuallyto virgin females of Cy/Bl L stock and the F2 Curly sibs are inbred. Culturesare checked for the absence of straight wingeu flies in the F 3.
(This work has been supported by a grant from the Dept. of Atomic Energy, Govt.of India, No. 10/31/60 Tech. 1/62).
Reddi, o. S. and C. Mathew. Geneticrecovery in males and inseminatedfemales irradiated with X-rays andfast neutrons.
Exeriments to test the genetic recoveryin the spermatozoa of males and inseminatedfemales irradiated with X-rays (3000r) andfast neutrons (800 rads) were carried outand the results are presented below:
Table 1of X-irradiationResults
Series Sex-linked recessive Transloca tionslethals (Y:2:J)
N n % TN Tn %1. Males, first day 980 75 7.65 990 80 8.082. Males, second day 947 47 4.96 799 31 3.883. Males unmated first 840 46 5.47 1020 46 4.50day, mated on
second day4. Males unmated first 681 99 14.54 804 69 8.58two days, rna ted on
third day
5. Inseminated females 540 48 8.8 415 42 10.12first day6. Inseminated females 660 60 9.09 407 43 10.56
second day
N = Number of X-chromosomes scoredn = Number of sex-linked recessive lethalsTN = Number of sons scored for translocationsTn = Number of trans locations
Table 2Results of fast neutron irradiation
Series Sex-linked recessive Trans loca tionslethals
(Y:2: 3)
N n % TN Tn %1. Males first day 1010 52 5.15 1440 76 5.)42. Males second day 1240 67 5.40 1355 83 6.103. Inseminated females 986 48 4.87 968 49 5.06first day4. Inseminated females 1008 45 4.45 1062 57 5.37second day
37: 120 Research Notes DIS 37
From the results it is evident that there is no recovery with fast neutrons. Adetailed discussion on this subject will be published elsewhere.
(This work has been supported by a grant from the Dept. of Atomic Energy, Govt. ofIndia, No. 10/31/60 Tech. 1/62).
Inquiries have oee71 recei ved conce~ngresults derived from the cross of y cv v fB car bb males, and reported in part intable 9 of the 1951 paper of Schultz and
Redfield (CSHSQB 16). In this table results were not given for zygotes receiving2X chromosomes from the mother. We therefore give here additional data and correctan error in tabulation. It must be realized that some difficulties are encounteredamong the chromosome types listed below with regard to classification of mutants,differential viabili ty, etc ~, which make comparisons involving several of these typesrather tentativè. The data for non-Bar female exceptions, from 2X1A eggs, may belisted first. As is seen, N is a respectable number; furthermore presumably specialviability and classification complications are absent here. Bobbed is not repre-sented since it is not detectable in the PZesence of the Y. For each pair ofapparent contrary classes the class with y is given first.
Redfield, Helen and Jack Schuitz.Recombination for the X of structurallystandard triploids of D. melanogaster
2XY2A zygotesClasses % ho~ozygosis
0 1 + 3,477 1,3 0 + 10 y = 2.7
1 65 + 0 2,3 0 + 7 cv 1.52 18 + 1 2,4 0 + 2 v = 0.93 = 11 + 3 3,4 = 0 + 1 f 0.34 = 2 + 0 car = 0.1
1,2 0 + 11 N 3,609
The percentage of homozygosis, calculated directly, provides a measure ofsorts of the distance of each gene from the spindle fibre' attachment. It may bese2n that wi thin their own range a higher value for the distal end of the chromosome
(y . to cv) is obtained relative to the semi-distal end (f to car), 2.7 minus 1.5being some 6 times as great as 0.3 minus 0.1, as is within their range true for thelX1A gamete2 of table 9 (given by regular males and females - the recombinationvalue for y to cv being about 3 times the value for f to car; but on the otherhand the' factor is very near that found for lX2A g~metes of table 9 (the Bar inter-sexes, see also modified values given below, for y to cv recombination is about
5 times that for f to car). It may be noted that 24 superfemales (3X2A) wereadditionally obtained from similar 2X1A eggs fertilized by XA sperm instead of byXY sperm; these were all wild type in app~arance.
Eggs of the composition 2X2A produced either Bar triploids (3X3A, N=551) ornon-Bar inters exes (2XY3A, N=549). Among the F 1 triploids the apparent classeswere as follows:
3X3A zygotesClasses % ho¥!ozygosis
0 = 0 + 510 2,3 = 0+4 y = 4.71 = 19 + 0 2,4 = o + 1 cv = 2.72 = 5 + 0 2,5 o + 1 v = 1.83 = 2 + 0 3,5 o + 1 f 0.7
1,2 = 0 + 6 car = 0.41,3 0 + 1 N = 551 bb 0.01,4 = 0 + 1
Here, as above for the 2XY2A zygotes, the ratio between y2 to cv recombinationwhich is proportional to 4.7 minus 2.7, and f to car recombination proportionalto 0.7 minus 0.4, is high (i.e. about 7). The total number of triploids upon whichthe homozygosis values are based here is, of course, much smaller than the total forthe exceptional females. However if one uses the data as they stand each value forhomozygosis here is higher than the corresponding value given by the exceptionalfemales. Since both types receive two X chromosomes from the triploid mother, theindication then is that the observed differences depend upon the accompanyng
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 121
disjunction of the autosomes. That is, on comparing these two types derived from2X eggs, it is found' that sister representatives of each of the mutant genes ofthe marked X appear in larger proportion to those eggs' receiving the double set ofautosomes, than is true for the eggs receiving a single set of autosomes.
Corresponding data for non-Bar intersexes, also from 2X2A eggs but fertilized byYA sperm, give the following apparent classes and homozygosis values:
2XY3A zygotes% h02ozygosisClasses
0 o + 518 1,2 0 + 2 y = 4.71 = 18 + 0 2,3 = 0 + 3 cv = 1.82 6 + 0 v = 1.03 = 2 + 0 N = 549 f = 0.0
car = 0.0
It is of interest that the value here for y2 is, as expected, identical with thatderived from triploid zygotes. Other homozygosis values~ for these two types differ,bu t they depend upon smaller numbers.
Recombination values, as opposed to the homozygosis values necessarily used indealing with offspring receiving two X's from the mother, are given in table 9 ofthe 1951 paper for lX1A eggs (856 regular Bar females and 749 regular non-Bar males)and for the lX2A eggs producing Bar inters exes . Two points which perhaps have notbeen made clear should be explained about values shown in this table. In the firstplace non-bobbed classes only were used for the 2X3A intersexes since bobbed isusually lethal in such intersexes. (Bobbed classes gave a total of 14 individualshere.) Secondly both colums of recombination percentages of table 9 involve acorrection factor of 3/2 (following the earlier usage of Redfield, Genetics 12, 1930,for triploids in which one only of three homologues is marked); this is to be re-garded as a convenient constant for comparison with values from diploids, or ~ thvalues from triploids in which recombination is almost exclusively between twostructurally standard chromosomes of a homologous set in which the third chromosomeis inverted (as in the ClB triploids of table 10, where the values obtained seem tojustify this usage). Obviously the correction factor should be taken into accountwhen comparing these corrected values with the simple homozygosis values as givendirectly by the data for the 2X eggs.
There is an unfortunate error of tabulation in the colum for LX2A eggs intable 9 of the 1951 paper which we have just now discovered and which we should liketo correct here. This colum should read:
In addition to these Bar inters exes , 16 non-Bar supe~ales (XY3A) were also obtainedfrom such lX2A eggs - 15 were wild type and one was y ; they were not included sinceadverse viability effects are pronounced among supermales. The values given abovediffer somewhat from the values published in table 9;' but the only necessary change inthe text would be to read "three-fourths" instead of the word "half" in the state-ment (p190) "... although even at the distal end of the chromosome the value inthe asymetrical disjunctions is half what it is in the symetr~cal ones".
Recombi~tion values for the diploid controls, i.e. from y cv v f car bb/+mothers by y cv v f B car bb males should be mentioned. Included here were 2,287 BarF1 females and 2,266 non-Bar Fi males; these gave by customary computation thefõllowing uncorrected values. The bobbed to carnation recombination was, of course,derived from the females alone.
37: 122 Research Notes DIS 37
%2recombina tiony - cv 11.2cv - v 21.6v - f 20.2f - car 6.6
from diploid controlcar - bb 2.8
Total 62.4N = 4,553
General implications of the data presented in this note cannot be dealt withat the memento
The èffects of two different pHs (7.2and 6.4) on cultures of cephalic gangliain vitro have been tested. The study hasbeen also comprehensive of the behaviour
of the cells migrated from the explants. The period of observation has been 28 days.Wild stock Varese has been used. Cultures were set up in a drop of medium leaningon a cover-slip and incubated at 25°C. The culture medium is completely syntheticand made up as described by Norikawa and Kuroda (1959). The following observationshave béen made: 1. The 7.2 pH proved to be optimal; in fact both the survival ofthe' ganglia as well as the number of migrated cells, their survival and the frequencyof mitosis are significantly higher than at pH 6.4. 2. The survival of the cellsand the frequency of mitosis, in addition to the pH, are related to the period inwhich their migration took place; the longest survival and the highest mitosisfrequency has been observed during the second week. 3. In the Kuroda's 1959medium and at pH 7.2 not onl true cultures have been obtained, but also subculturesof proliferating cells.
Rezzonico Raimondi, G. and C. M. GhiniNew observations on cells of D. melano-gaster cul ti va ted in vitro.
The beta-galactosidase distribution inthe gut, malpighian tubes' and salivaryglands has been studied. The method ofRutenburg et al. (, 58), as. sumarized
by Pears (, 61) has been followed. Extraction of the organs was performed in Ringersolution; covers lips were applied and then removed after freezing on dry ice. Thespecimens were incubated in a 6-Bromo-2-Naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside solutionat pH 4.95 for 15 hours at 2~C. The staining was performed with Fast Blue B (5').
The gut and the malpighian tubes show beta-galactosidase activity throughoutthe larval period studied and also during the first hours of pupal life. Salivarygland cells show, on the contrary, a particular pattern of beta-galactosidasedistribution. The enzyme is present in all the cells up to about the first half ofthird instar, it then disappears from the distal cells of the glands. Just beforepnpation the enzyme reappears also in these cells. The phenomenon is more evidentin the salivary glands of D. busckii. If the model of gene activity regulationproposed by Jacob and Momod ('61) is applied to the system studied one may asserteither the presence of an internal induced (or corepressor), or the existence ofan organ interaction able to modify the environment along the length of the salivarygland. This study is carried out with the hope of correlating the presence of theenzyme with that of some puff in the salivary chromosome.
Ri tossa, F. Beta-galactosidase distri-bution in various organs of D. busckiiand melanogaster.
Ritossa, F. New puffs induced bytemperature shock, DNP and salicilatein salivary chromosomes of Q.melanogaster
The effect of temperature shocks on thepuffing patterns of D. melanogastersali vary chromosome has been studied. Seealso a previous report on D. busckii.Here are reported in particular the mainof third chromosome. Other modificationsmodifications occurring in the right arm
are under study.I have found that all the third instar larvae reared at 250 C transferred to 37° C
present new puffs in regions 86 F, 87 A-B and 93 D of salivary chromosomes. I havetried various lengths of treatment and found that 45 minutes is the optimum lengthfor complete puffing induction. The same puffs appear also when isolated salivary
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 123
glands are treated with 2-4 Dinitrophenol or Sodium Salicila te. The conditions ofthe treatments were the following: the isolated salivary glands were incubated uqder .oil in Ringer so!~tion containing the drugs at 250 C. The concentrations were 10-1Mfor DNP and 2.10 M for Na Salicilate. The pH of the media was 7.
More detail on the work isin press in Exerientia. Mypresent work is centered onthe investigations con-cerning this phenomenon.
The puffs induced in the
3R 86F and 87 A-B regionsafter 45 minutes at 3T C.
In order to determine the effect of maternalage on primary nondisjunction due to non-hg,ologous pairing, 40 sib D. melanogaster
females of the constitution Ins(1)dl-49, ~i /+; Cy/+ were pair mated to B males andtransferred to fresh vials every three days. Indi vidual females produced from 0.6%to 8 % exceptional female progeny over the 36 days eggs were collected, as comparedwith a mean of 2.9% eXGeptions for the 14,537 progeny of all females. Analysis ofthese data indicates (~.01) that factors (possibly environmental but more pro-bably genetic) other than the inversion constitution of the female are capable ofmodifying the frequency of nonhomologous pairing.
Since the amount of X chromosome crossing-over determines the number of no-exchange chromosomes available for nonhomologous pairing (Roberts, 1962), X inver-sions which virtually eliminate crossing over on the X were used. This permitteda study of the effect of maternal age on pairing for chromosome disjunction, dis-tributive pairing. There was no significant difference in the frequency ofexceptional female progeny in late egg samples as compared with early samples.
If the higher incidence of trisomic offspring of older women is due to primarynondisjunction, the presence of a maternal age effect in humans may be due to agingof oocytes present in the ovaries since birth. In Drosophila females where oocytesare produced continuously, there is no effect of maternal age on nonhomologouspairing, an important cause of nondisjunction.
Roberts, P. Ma ternal age andnondisjunction.
An attempt is made to ascertain themutagenicity, if any, of various vegetabledistillates which are commonly used bypeople in this country (India), by larval
basic medium incorporated with either 50% orsex-linked recessive lethals were detected by
Sanjeeva Rao, M. The effect of feedinglarvae of Drosophila melanogaster withvegetable distillates.
feeding method. Larvae were fed on10% of the vegetable distillate andM-5 test in the first brood.
From the table on the next page it can be seen that nonedistillates could induce signficant increase in the mutationis now under study with some more vegetable distillates.
of the aboverate. This aspect
San~eeva Rao, M. The sensitivityof Drosophila testes to the alkaloidatropine.
Adul t Oregon-K males of Drosophila melano-gaster were injected with 0.2 u 1 of a 0.01molar solution of atropine sulphate. Induc-tion of sex-linked recessive lethals in 6
by the Muller-5 Test. The results are shownbroods of 3 day intervals, was studiedbelow:
Brood n 1 %
A 644 1 0.15
B 708 1 0.14
C 732 3 0.40
D 665
E 649 1 .(.15
F 692 2 0.29
n = Number of X-chromosomes scored1 = Number of lethals
From the results it is evident that the alkaloid atropine is not mutagenic inDrosophila melanogaster.
Two way selection on the expression ofcubitus interruptus dominant (ciD) from
3 unrelated base populations changedexpression considerably until after some 20 or 30 generations plateaus were reachedat rather similar expression values of about 80% in the high lines and from 15 to20% in the low lines (Scharloo, 1962). Exression of ciD was measured as the per-centage ratio of the length of the fourth vein and the length of the third vein,both measured from the posterior crossvein.
Imediately after stopping selection in these lines, crosses between the 3high lines (selected for long 4th vein) and between the 3 low lines (selected forlarge 4th vein gap) were performed and carried through to the F3' s which were usedas base populations for new lines selected for extreme expression during 10 or 15genera tions . Each line consisted of two cultures A and B. From each culture 20individuals of each sex were measured. The four most extre~e individuals from eachsample were used as parents for the next generation, ~~ from culture A were crossedwi th ôô from culture B and vice versa.
Scharloo, W. Long term selection onthe expression of ci D .
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 125
In the crosses the mean value approximated the midparent values. So there isno indication for either heterosis in the Fi or "hybrid breakdown" in F2 or F3. Thisagrees wtth earlier results in crosses of long inbred lines.
In all lines progress was obtained. In the 3 high lines after some generationsindividuals with a full fourth vein were obtained. These were predominant in two ofthe lines when selection was suspended. At that time in the two lines mentionedlast, a phenotype was fixed similar to one occurrinß re~ilarly in one of the linesinvol ved in the origin of the new lines.
In the other high line a similar pattern was found in low frequency. Thisphenotype showed extra venation in a rather constant pattern. In one of the linesit could be shown that this extra venation pattern is dependent on both 2nd chromo-somes of this line.
Substitution of wild type 4th chromosomes for the ciD/spaCat system producedflies with extra venation in all 3 high lines. This extra venation is thereforeindependent of the presence of ci D.
It was reported earlier (Scharloo, 1959;1961) that the direction of the temperaturereaction of ci D expression depends on thegenetic background. Temperature sensitive
periods (T. S. P.) have now been determined in two lines of opposite reaction.From these lines L was obtained by one generation selection' for low expression
at 15° C. from the base population of the S-L selection line, and line li was the 2ndback selected highline from S-L (Scharloo, 1962). Exression of the 4th vein wasdefined as the ratio of the 4th vein and the third vein both measured from theposterior crossvein; expression of the Sth vein was defined as the ratio of thelength of the 5th vein behind the posterior crossvein and the length of the thirdvein. Cultures were set up in 3 x 8 cm vials with 10 cc of standard medium and apopulation density of 100 larvae hatched from eggs laid during a 3 hour period.The cultures were transferred from 27. SO C. to 17. SO C. at intervals of 24 hoursand 6 hours respectively and from 17.5° to 27.50 with intervals of 48 hours. Tocompare the sensitive periods found in displacements from high to low temperatureand from low to high temperature time was expressed as a percentage of the timebetween laying and pupation. Time of pupation was determined as the time at which
50% of the larvae had formed praepupae.In both lines the T. S. P. was found to occupy the period of about 90% to about
120%. Wi thin the limits of accuracy of these experiments the T. S. P. was locatedin the same stage of development irrespective of the direction of the temperaturereaction and the direction of displacement from low to high or vice versa. Also theT. S. P.' s of both the 4th and 5th vein coincide.
By displacement of early uncoloured praepupae it could be shown that the T. S. P.in the H-line falls completely after formation of the puparium, i. e. eversion ofspiracles.
The T. S. P. for wing length measured as the length of the 3rd vein which startsearlier (probably as a consequence of the general change in body size by temperatureduring the larval periods) and lasts longer until about 130% of the pupation time.
In the H-line both the 4th vein and the 5th vein show higher expression ratiosat lower temperatures. But in the L-line the 4th vein expression ratio is lower atlower temperatures, whereas the 5th vein shows a simlar change as in the H-line.The temperature reaction is thus not a consequence of a general effect of temperatureon the action of ciD expressing itself as increase or decrease in venation in depend-ence of the genetic background. It must be mentioned here that whereas there is alarge difference in expression ratio between the L- and H-lines on the 4th vein thereis not much difference on the 5th vein. This points to specificity of 4th vein modi-fiers. This together with the fact that lines from unrelated base populations withlow expression ratio at 2So C. show always a direct relation between temperature andexpression ratio, and lines with higher expression ratio mostly an inverse relation,suggests some connection between the value of the expression ratio and the directionof the temperature reaction. The 4th chromosomes with ciD were interchanged betweenthe L- and H-line. This did not cause any difference in the expression and itsreaction to temperature change, which shows conclusively that only the genetic back-grounds are responsible for the differently directed temperature reactions. In the
Scharloo, W., and A. M. Nieuwenhuja.Temperature sensi ti ve periods incubi tus interruptus.
37: 126 Research Notes DIS 37
course Sf the interchange both L- and H-lines with homozygous ci, eyR instead ofciD/spa at fourth chromosomes were obtained. A difference in expression at 250 C.points to at leaat some overlap of modifiers of c~~ and ci. But the temperaturereactions of both the L; ci, eyR and the H; ci, ey-- lines are as reported by Bridgesand Brehm (1944) with approxiation of wild type at higher temperatures.
T. S. P.'s were obtained by displacement at 24 hour intervals from 27.SO C. to17.~ C. Contrary to the situation in ciD, ci-expression is sensitive from at leastimediately after hatching from the egg until pupation. Some indication of a secondsensitive period after pupation could not be vindicated in an experiment with otherci lines when early prepupae were transferred.
Scharloo (1962) has brought forward evidence indicating that two developmentalsystems with independent genetic determination are involved in the determination ofthe fourth vein length in ciD. The fact that both change in expression ratio whichis supposed to be a consequence of change in one of the systems (the vein inducingsubstance) and change in wing length to which the second system (the curve ofcompetence) must be fitted, end at 120% and 130% of the pupation time respectivelypoints to a late occurrence of this interaction in wing development.
Schouten, S. C. M. Frequency ofrecessive sex-linked lethals afterirradiation of semistarved males.
Males of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon K)
were semistarved imediately (xl hour) aftereclosion by keeping them without females ona medium containing l% sucrose l% agar.
starved and control-series. were X-rayed with aAfter two days the males of both thedose of 1078 r (580 r/min) in air.
The frequency of sex-linked lethals has been determined with the Muller-5technique. The females were refreshed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th day,respecti vely, thus forming the broods a, b, c, d, e and f. In each brood of bothseries one irradiated male was rna ted individually to two M5 females on standardcornmeal agar medium. The males of the broods a and b in the control series, how-ever, were mated to 4 and 3 females, respectively.
Since the mutation frequency in the subcultures is not heterogeneous thesenumbers have been added to the original numbers. The results are shown in Table 1.The mutation frequency in all broods (except e) of the starvation series is lowerthan that of the corresponding broods of the control series. However, only' broods cand d show significant differences. The mean number of Fi females, obtained perindividual irradiated male, may be a reflexion of induced dominant lethality. It isnoticed that in the starvation series the number of Fi females is higher than in thecontrol series, thus giving an indication in the same direction as the mutation fre-quency does. Further experiments along this line are in progress.
Table 1
Brood a Brood b Brood c Brood d Brood e Brood f1 day 2-3 day 3-5 day 5-7 day 7-10 day 10-13 day
n %l n %l n %l n %l n %l n %l
Control 3017 3,18 2412 2,24 1919 4,43 872 8,37 1289 2,56 2211 0,81
Starvation 1800 2,16 1911 1,57 1961 2,50 1305 5,21 1610 2,86 2109 0,62
Control mean number Fi ~/ô
t 25,73
13,48 15,63 26,09
Starvation 40,37 29,61 18,24 30,38
(Work supported by the Health Research Council T. N. O. )
Schuiten, G. G. M. A case of aberrantsex-ratio in D. melanogaster II.
As reported earlier (Schulten, 1962), duringselection for a high penetrance of Kr, a Cy/Krstock was obtained with an aberrant sex-ratio,
i.e. a deficit in ~~.
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 127
A large proportion of ~ zygotes die, probably as first instar larvae. It wassupposed that this aberrant sex-ratio was caused by a mutant X-chromosome togetherwith the Cy or Kr chromosomes. Tests of crossovers between the mutant X-chromosomesand a marked X-chromosome show that the mutant locus lies near the end of theX-chromosome proximal to carntion. It was also found that the cytoplasm of the"sex-ratio" stock was essential for obtaining an aberrant sex-ratiQ. Substitution,in individual males and females of the "sex-ratio" stock, of the Kr-chromosome by aPm-chromosome gave in some crosses between individual substitutions in subsequentgenerations an increasingly aberrant sex-ratio, so that after 5-9 generations nofemales were left, while in other crosses the sex-ratio was initially normal andremained so.
Crosses of "sex-ratio" n to unrelated stocks Ôave normal sex-ratios except inthree cases, namely in the cross to Cy-O/Pm; LLbx13 /Sb as reported, further to abwD stock and to another Cy/Kr stock. It is assumed that this aberrant sex-ratio iscaused by some cytoplasmic factor together with at least one mutant locus near theproxial end of the X-chromosome, a Cy- or Kr-chromosome and perhaps also the thirdchromosomes from the "sex-ratio" stock.
Crosses of "sex-ratio" ~~ to Fl ôô "b33ll (Zimering, S., and H. J. Muller, 1961)gave normal sex-ratios. Crosses of "sex-ratio" ~~ to "b 120" ôô gave also normalsex-ratios. Crosses of "b 120" ~~ to CY/Kr "sex-ratio" ôô gave the following result:
Cy Kr¿ô~~
238347
329356
It is therefore concluded that the aberrant sex-ratio condition described hereis not the same as in Fl. Neither is it closely related to the situation describedby Redfield (1926), although all three cases have certain similarities.
References: Redfield, H., 1926. Genetics 11, 482-502.Schulten, G. G. M., 1962. D. 1. s. 36, 114.Zimering, S., and H. J. Muller, 1961. D. I. S. 35, 103-104.
Schwinck, I. Studies on thepleiotropic pattern of rosy.
In course of the studies on the manifesta-tion of the pleiotropic pattern controlledby the rosy locus, it was found that (a) high
breeding temperature resulted in low red pigment content of the aduit eyes and reducedviability specifically at the late pupal stage and during eclosion of the fly, and
(b) that low breeding temperature induced high red pigment content and higher viabilityand eclosion rate. The critical time for the temperature influence on red pigmentformation had been determined to be the period when the pigments are deposited in theeyes of late pupae and young flies. In contrast, the critical time for the tempera-ture effect on the viability is not the time of. eclosion but much earlier in themiddle of the pupal stage. Thus, by shifting the temperature at various develop-mental stages, the two characters may be separated. Thus, flies with high viability-low red pigment content and flies with low viability-high red pigment content wereobtained in addition to the high viability-high pigment and low viability-low pigmentgroups known from previous experiments. From this it could be concluded, that nosimple direct reaction chain links the two temperature dependent characters, quantityof red pigments in aduit eyes and degree of viability of late pupae. Studies con-cernng the other pleiotropic pattern including the enzymatic aspect are in progress.
(Work supported by a grant from the USPHS, RG-7464.)
Seta, F. Distribution of recessivelethals on the second chromosome.
Fifty-four second chromosome recessivelethals of various origins (6 irradiationinduced; 4 laboratory spontaneous; and 44
from wild populations) were tested with the dominant market stock S Sp Bl L tw todetermine their relative positions on the second chromosome. Of the lethals testedin this way, five showed absences of crossing over in specific regions and are
37: 128 Research Notes DIS 37
assumed to be associated with inversions. The positions of these lethal factorswere not localized but the extent the inversions in each case are included in thedata. The following table sumarizes the results of the test matings:
Chromosome regions
3
Sp-Bl
14
Bl Bl-L L-bwD bwD TotalS-Sp
Independent le' sLe's associated
wi th inversions
13 10 8 1 49
* ---- --- -- - - - -- -~ -- --- - - ----- --- - -- - - - - - - -- - - ** ------------------------ *
*----------------*221
54
If the lethal factors are grouped according to location on different arms of thechromosome, the distribution would be 17 on the left arm, 13 near the centromere and19 on the right arm. This distribution is similar to those reported earlier by Ives(1945), Hildreth (1956) and Paik (1960).
In an earlier study, 44 of the 49 independent lethals described above weretested for their time of action. In order to determine if there was any relation-ship between the location of the factors on the chromosome and their relative timeof action, the following table was compiled:
Chromosome regions
Time of Action S-Sp Sp-Bl Bl Bl-L L-b~ biJ Total
Egg 0Egg/larval 1 1 1 2 5Larval 1 2 7 3 1 14La rva l/ pupal 1 3 4 1 1 1 11Pupal ~ 4 2 14
Total 2 14 12 9 6 1 44
A Chi-square test of independence was roughly calculated and there appears to be nosignificant difference. It was suspected that the distribution of lethals affectingdifferent stages in development might be randomly distributed on the chromosome; suchappears to be the case. Although this might be true of the whole chromosome, ifspecific regions are considered there may be a more systematic localization offactors with similar phenotypes. Of the lethals which have been studied morphologi-cally, those with "prepupal" effects appear to be concentrated near the centromereand there is a group with pupal effects in the middle of the left arm. The data inits present form is not sufficient enough for one to make any definite conc lus ionsor to attempt a discussion on its significance.
(Work supported by NSF research grantGl06-99.)
Seto, F. Recessive lethals in This report sumarizes the results of a pre-labora tor, popula ti ons. liminary study of the rela ti ve persistence of
. recessive lethals in laboratory populations.The second chromosome recessive lethals used in this study all manifest their effectsin the larval-pupal boundary or the pupal stages and during the several years in whichthey have been maintained in a balanced condition with Cy their phenotypic expressionshave been constant and characteristic (DIS 35:94). Six dïfferent lethals (X-3, N-61,Co-3A, N-32, N-1A and N-4) were placed i~to population cages in several combinations
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 129
of two's. (N-61/N-1A, X-3/N-1A, N-61/N-32, N-1A/N-32 and N-4/Co-3A) and their relativefrequency was ascertained over a period of time.
Prior to their introduction into the population cages, the lethals were crossedto a cinnabar (cn) strain. From among the offspring five pairs of le/ cn hetero-zygotes, each of two different lethal strains, e.g. lei/cn and le2/cn (a total oftwenty flies) were introduced together to initiate a mixed population. The initialchromosome composition of the population was approximately 25% lei, 25% le2 and 50%cn chromosomes. Since crossing over can occur relatively freely, various new combi-nations of the existing chromosomes should result, some with one or both le factorsand others free of them. In such a panmictic situation one would suspect that thefrequencies of the le factors might change depending on their survival or selectionvalues.
The five population cages were begun in June 1961 and maintained for over ayear (July 1962) and subsequently discontinued. During the first two months theflies were allowed to multip~ freely so that the two lethal types would equilibrate.From the third to the sixth month, a small sample of 10 male flies was removedweekly and mated to the tester stock Cy/lei le2 to determine the presence of thespecific lethals in the population cage. The sample size was increased to 20 duringthe seventh to the twelfth month and in the last month (July) only two samples of 40and 60 were taken. The results of the counts and the description of the frequenciesare given in the Table.
Frequency
Population 1 . 2Pattern of frequency distributioncage l.. ll. avg.
1. X-3/N-1A N-1A 33 18 22 Much fluctuation and final dipX-3*
2. N-1A/N-32 N-1A 21 14 19 Some fluctuation and slight declineN-32 36 10 21 Minor fluctuation and steady decline
3. N-61/N-32 N-61 11 20 19 Much fluctuation and no declineN-32 39 22 22 Much fluctuation and no decline
4. N-1A/N-61 N-1A 22 6 22 Some fluctuation and final dipN-61 46 14 30 Some fluctuation and final dip
5. N-4/Co-3A N-4 48 34 27 lni tial high frequency, somefluctua tionand decline
Co-3A 31 9 20 Some fluctuation and final dip
~ Estimated from the average of five samples (N=50).Estima ted from the last two samples (N=100).
* No count was made since the phenotype was not reliable.
The average frequencies of the different lethals in the populations rangedfrom a low of 18% to a high of 27%. Whether these values deviate exceptionallyfrom the expected frequency of 25% has not been tested statistically. The fluctua-tions in the sample values are probably due to the small sample sizes and are notsignificant. If the fluctuations are ignored and the general trend of each distri-bution scrutinized, it would appear that the lethal heterozygote frequency in somecases remains the same while in others there is a decline. Whether the frequencieswould eventually all decline to a low value if kept over a longer period of timecould not be ascertained since the experiments had to be terminated. Although thedata are preliminary in nature, it is interesting that in a closed population ofDrosophila melanogaster the lethal factors are maintained in the heterozygous condi-tion at a frequency close to the 25% level for about a year.
(Work supported in part by a research grant G 106-00 from the National ScienceFoundation. )
37: 130 Research Notes DIS 37
In the Quart. Rev. of Biol. of June 1959,B. L. Strehler states that "At dosages of4000-5000r, we have actually observed anincrease (doubling) in the longevity ofDrosophila melanogaster (Strehler, unpub.)."
This observation subsequently reappeared in two articles by Strehler in symposialvolumes concerned with problems of aging. In one he notes that 4500r "actuallydoubles" the longevity of the flies. Each time reference is made to unpublishedresults. We wanted to repeat his experiment or experiments. Information wasrequested concerning the strain studied, sex, age, stage irradiated, quality andtype of radiation, dose rate and other pertinent variables. No reply ever came andwithout knowledge of the material and factors utilized by Strehler a precise con-firmatory test cannot be made.
Two tests have been made by us and others are in progress. A Canton-S strainwas obtained from Wisconsin ~courtesy J. Crow and S. Abrahamson) and maintained inmass culture on standard media. Radiological factors were the same in both tests(90 kvp, 5 rna, no added filter, 960 r/min as measured in air) but some faètorsdiffered. In one study, l-day old flies of both sexes were exposed, while in theother 7-day old flies were irradiated. They were kept for 3 or 4 days, respectively,in mass culture, etherized, and then 2 pairs of males and females were placed inseparate vials. Unirradiated flies were similarly treated and observations were maderegularly. In one test 477 flies were maintained and 280 in the other. After thesecond week, vials were changed every 7 days.
When l-day old flies were exposed to 4000r of X-rays, we found that the meanlife span of combined females and males was 47.6 days and those of the controls was46.2 days. When 7-day old flies were treated, the mean longevity of irradiated
(4000r) adults of both sexes was 46.4 days while that of controls was 44.2 days.With our material treated in the manner mentioned, we may say that (a) 4000r of
X-rays does not double the mean life span of treated as against untreated flies, andthat (b) a dose as large as 4000r does not seem in our early tests to influence lifespan significantly.
Sonnenblick, B. P., and J. Grodis.Can a dose of 4-5000r of X-rays"double the longevity" of D. melano-gaster7
Levi tan (1958) showed that some of thelinked inversions of D. robusta are notassociated at random. Although a large
number of inversions in D. subobscura are complex inversions some of them are inde-pendent in certain heterozygous combinations. Table 1 shows seven groups of differentinversions. In each group single and associated inversions are represented. Theassociated inversions could arise as a result of crossing-over between chromosomescarryng the single inversions and vice versa (presuming the presence of the corre-sponding chromosome). In due course, an equilibrium state between the frequenciesof chromosomes carrying the single inversions and associated inversions shouldresult in natural populations. However," the present investigations from sixlocalities in Austria and Italy show that such an equilibrium state is not present.Whereas in the first two groups the chromosomes with the associated inversions areabsent, in the following three groups chromosomes with one of the single inversionsare missing. That is true for the natural populations from alL. of the six localitiesinvestigated. For the remaining two groups all of the expected types are present;however, the frequencies are not as one would expect on the basis of free recombi-nation.
Table 1 shows the number of chromosomes carrying single and associated inver-sions for six different localities.
Sperlich, D. Non-random associa-tions of inversions in D. subobscura.
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 131
Table 1
Distances Vento-of linked Vienn Formia Ponza tene Lipari Ustica Total
Chromosome inversions n = 360 n = 64 n = 1)4 n = 84 n = 74 n = 96 n = 812
Ai (sex- 64 4 9 10 2 9 98A2 chromo- 4 sections 13 16 34 18 22 29 132A1+2 some)* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ul+2+3 0 18 18 11 6 6 59U1+2+8. 6 sections 4 13 39 27 38 69 190U1+2+3+8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
03+4+1 8 6 9 3 2 3 3103+4 2l sections 38 32 66 39 48 64 28701 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
03+4+2 5 3 14 8 7 6 4303+4 8 sections 38 32 66 39 48 64 28702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
03+4+2+16 0 9 6 14 2 1 3203+4+2 19 sections 5 3 14 8 7 6 4303+4+16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
03+4 0 0 1 0 1 1 303+4 :3 sections 38 32 66 39 48 64 28706 29 0 0 1 0 0 30
°3+4+1+8 0 1 1 0 0 0 203+4+8 19 sections 5 6 22 10 11 16 7003+4+1 8 6 9 3 2 3 31
*For sex chromosome divide "n" by 2.
In view of the maternal age effect on nondis-junction in humans (mongolism, Klinefelter'ssyndrome) it is of interest to note theabsence of any detectable age effect on loss
and nondi.sjunction of the sex chromosomes of D. melanogaster.Exensive data wer~ accumulated during the course of a study of genic control
of nondisjunction and loss (Spieler 1961 and in manuscript). Portions of these datahave been examined with respect to the recovery of:
Spieler, R. A. Effect of parentalage on chromosome loss and nondis-junction.
1) primary exceptions from Oregon-R females2) primary exceptions from rna-I; st females3) primary exceptions from ma-l females4) primary exceptions from Oregon-R males (with Bar-Stone Y)
5) primary exceptions from ma-l; st males (with Bar-Stone Y)6) secondary exceptions from primary exceptional daughters of Oregon-R females.
The offspring reported covered the entire reproductive lifetime of the parents,which "W'ere not more than a few days old when mated. Prcgeny of each parent werecounted daily, but no distinction was made between offspring from successive transfersof the parent. This procedure, which was necessary for practical reasons, is not sosensitive as recording by transfers, but it should detect any gross effects.
Only parents yielding at least one exception were incL.uded in the analyses. Theproducti ve period of the parent was divided into "days of natality," day 1 being thefirst day on which any offspri.ng emerged. This schedule was calculated separatelyfor each parent. Days were next grouped for purposes of computation. Then the data
37:132 Research Notes DIS 37
were combined for each experient as a whole, listing the number of regular andexceptional progeny eclosing during each period of natality. A contingency tablewas thus prepared for each experiment.
In all experiments the rate of production of exceptions remained constant asthe age of the parent increased (p ~ .05 in all instances). This applies to casesin which exceptions seem to result mainly from chromosome loss, as in ma-l females,as well as to those in which a high frequency of true nondisjunction occurs (rna-I; stfemales) .
These findings confirm the report of Patterson et ale (1932) that there is noincrease in spontaneous primry nondisjunction and loss in aged females. Their methodwas to age females for varying lengths of time before mating and to record progeny bysuccessive transfers, differing in these respects from the procedure followed here.A study of maternal age and secondary nondisjunction by Huestis (1928) proved to beinconclusive. The absence of an age effect on primar, nondisjunction and loss of thesex chromosomes in males agrees 'with the report of Frost (1961), who also could detectno age effect on autosomal nondisjunction and loss in males.
(Work supported in part by USPHS Grant RG-7428 and by USPHS Training Grant 2G-150.)
During the week of July 23, 1962, collectionsof Drosophila were made on portions of theBlue Ridge Parkway, and on Mt. Mitchell,N. C., one of the highest peaks east of the
Rockies. Lard cans containing watermelon and stale beer were placed at vari.ouselevations on the Blue Ridge Parkway and in the Mt. Mitchell State Park. The collec-tions were not as large or as extensive as had been anticipated, due to protractedrains in the area, but the results are recorded in the table which follows. GratefUlacknowledgment is made to Mr. Donald H. Robinson, Chief Park Naturaiist of the BlueRidge Parkwy, and to Mr. Conley H. Moffett, Chief Park Naturalist of the Mt. MitchellState Park, for permission to collect and for courtesies extended.
Stevenson, R. Drosophilacollections from the Mt. Mitchell,N. C., area.
Drosophila Species Collected in the Mt. Mitchell, N. C., Area, July, 1962
January 1963 Research Notes 37: 133
In order to simplify description for eachspecies and facilitate comparison of therelationships of Drosophila, phallosomalindex (p. i.), phallic formula (p. f.) and
divergency-index (d. i.) were proposed by Okada (1953, 1954). The divergency-indicesseem to be useful for speciation as well as for the description of phallic organs.D. virilis was assumed an ancestral species to the virilis group. This species andsome related species showed the highest value of divergency-index (9.0) among thegroup. However, most of the derivative species showed a lower value (8.5-6.0) thanthose of the primitive species (Table 1). Such an inclination of the divergency-indexin the phylogeny was observed in the repleta group (for details, see the data givenin Table 2). The material used in this study was the stocks maintained by the GeneticFounda tion, Uni versi ty of Texas.
Takada. H. Divergency-indicesof male genitalia of thevirilis and repleta groups.
Table 1. The phallic formula (p. f.) and divergency-index (d. i.)
of several species of the virilis group
Species p. f. d. i. Stock
virilis ( Texmelucan) a' Bc' dEf£goHIklm' n' 9.0 1801.1virilis (Tokyo) a' Bc' dEf£goHIklm' n' 9.0texana a' Bc' dEF£goHIklm' n' 9.0 2320.26americana a' Bc' dEF£g~HIklm' h' 9.0 1901.5anovamexicana a' BcdEfgoHlklm' n' 8.5 1710.7aflavomontana a 'b' c'dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.5 1951.1borealis a' Bc' dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.0 2077.5alacicola a' Bc' dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.0 1756.2amontana a,' Bc' dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.0 1942.6jmontana (Giant) a' Bc' dEFgoHlklm' n' 7.0 2188.9amontana ( Alaskan-Canadian) a' Bc' dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.0 2501.2alittoralis a' Bc' dEFgoHIklm' n' 7.0 2096.1ezoana ABCdEFgoHlklm' n' 6.0 2531.2
37:1)4 Research Notes DIS 37
Table 2 The phallic formula (p. f.) and divergency-index (d. i.)of several species of the repleta group
Species p. f. d. i. Stock
mulleri subgrouppegasa aBcdEfgoHikLmn 10.0 2519.14nigricuria a' BCdEfgoHikl 'ro 9.0 H347.3mulleri aBc'dEfgoHlkLmn 8.5 2533.2longicornis aBc'dEfgoHlkLmn 8.5 2513.1hamatofila aBcdEfgoHlkLmn 8.0 1981.1ancep aBCdEfgoHlkLmn 8.0 H360.24peninsularis aBCdEfgoHIkLmn 8.0 2303.3
fasciola subgroupmoju a 'BCDEfgoHIkl 'mn 7.0 H80.12fascioloides a 'BCDEfgoHIkLmn 6.5 26.c20
mercatorU subgroupparanaensis ab' c;dEfgoHiklmn 9.5 2263.13mercatoru ab' CdEfgoHikLmn 9.5 2507.7
melanopalpa subgrouplimensis aBCdEfgoHiklm' n 9.5 1529.2aful vimacula ab'CdEfgoHikLmn 9.5 H302.28ful vimaculoides ab' CdEfgoHikLmn 9.5 H163.31canapalpa aBCdEfgoHikl'mn 9.5 2251.8castanea aBCdEfgoHi kl 'mn 9.5 H73.8repleta aBCdEfgoHikLmn 9.0 H118.1melanopalpa aBCdEfgoHikLmn 9.0 2157.15peruviana aBCdEfgoHIkl'mn 8.5 H181.41
hydei subgroupnigrohydei a' BCdEfgoHIkl 'mn 8.0 2510.1neohydei a 'b' CdEfgoHIkLmn '" 8.0 H207.26bifurca a 'b' CdEfgoHIkLmn 8.0 A2 x A8.10
hydei a 'b' CdEfgoHIkLmn 8.0 2300.3b
Unclassified speciesserenensis abc' dEfgoHIkl 'mn 10.0 2364.1
The two recessive genes rolled (rl) and straw
(stw) of Drosophila melanogaster have beenlocated by Bridges, 1925, at the same position(2-55.1) on the second chromosome. Morgan,
Schultz, Bridges and Curry (1938) showed that it is possible to separate rl and stwby using the overlapping deficiencies M(S)2, M(S)4, M(S)8, and M(S)10. Their resultsindicate that rl is located to the left of stw.
We have determined the recombination distance between these two genes. A homo-zygous rl stw3 stock was bred for this purpose by combining the separate stocks.Cis- and trans-phase recombination tests were done, and the following results wereobtained. Each recombinant that was obtained was testcrossed to appropriate testersto verify the genotype.
Tano, S., A. B. Burdick, andK. Bergan. Recombination distancebetween rl and stw.
Cis-phase
rl stw3 rl stw3 rl + + stw3 Map
Ext. + + rl stw3 rl stw3 rl stw3 Total Units
1 15095 12049 4 6 27154 .037:1.0122 9447 12332 4 4 21787 .037:1.013
Total 24542 24)81 8 10 48931 .037:1.009
January 1963 Research Notes
Trans-phase
rl + + stw) rl stw) + +Ext. rl stw3 rl stw3 rl stw3 rl stw3
1 9362 9348 3 02 9795 10152 ) 1) 8448 8827 1 )4 6428 7088 2 0
Total 34033 )5415 9 4
37: 135
TotalMap
Units
1871319951172791351869461
.016:.009
.020:l.010
.023:L012
.015:l.011
.019:l.005
Cis- and trans-phases give significantly different values. This may be inter-preted as an effect of the iso-genic wild type background, W-L0L, used in making thecis-phase heterozygote; the cis-phase stock and the trans-phase heterozygote' containa random sample of the genetic backgrounds of the two separate gene stocks. We don'twish to make much point of this difference because we did not expect it and we haveno critical way of interpreting it, although it is interesting.
The important point established by these studies is that rl and stw are extremelyclose together, perhaps about 0.0) of a map unit. The significance of this will beapparent when we show, as we expect to shortly, the great amount of genetic differen-tiation that exists in the region between rl and stw.
Tokui tsu, T. On the occurrenceof D. raridentata in Hokkaido,Japan.
Fig. 1. Egg-guide ofD. raridentata.
Tsacas, L.in Greece.
Capture of Drosophilids
D. raridentata was described as a new speciesbased on a single male fly collected inSouth Korea (Okada and Chung, 1960). Theauthor obtained in August, 1962, eightspecimens (4~, 4ô) which were not describedfrom Hokkaido and Japan-Hondo. Anatomicalobservations revealed that their externalcharacters and male genital structures weremuch the same as those of D. raridentata.The structures of egg-guides are describedas follows: lobe brown, ventrally swollen,dorsal margin pointed, with 8 heavy reddishbrown teeth, penultimate one being largestand thumb-like and with J distal teeth;dorsal half paler, upper apical margin brown,anterior portion quadrate and paler. Basalisthmus brown and long (Fig. 1).
Drosophilids have been captured in Greecefrom 2) August to 2 September 1961, withfresh fruit traps. The capture localities
are the following: Liontari Milos alt. 500 m and Limenas (Island of Thassos),Drama and Grani tis alt. 800 m (Macedonia), Mega1i Vrissi, Avlaki and Lamia (CentralGreece), Athens. The sumary of the results is given in the following table.
37: 136 Research Notes DIS 37
Leontari MegaliSpecies Milos Limenas Drama Granitis Vrissi Avlaki Laia Athens
D. ambigua * *
D. subobscura * * *
D. melanogaster * * * * * * *
D. simulans * * * * *
D. testacea *
D. imgrans *
D. andalusiaca= forcipata *
D. phalerata *
D. rufifrons *
D. repleta*
D. picta *
D. disticha *
Wallace, B. Retention ofX-ray induced inversions instocks of D. pseudoobscuraotherwse structurally homo-zygous.
Wild populations of D. pseudoobscura aregenerally polymorphic for a variety of genearrangements in the third chromosome; asidefrom the "sex-ratio" inversions of theX-chromosome, other chromosomes of this speciesare very nearly inversion-free.
We have been studying the retention of X-ray induced inversions in populationsfrom inter-locality hybrids. Males from Pinon Flats, for example, homozygous for theArrowhead gene arrangement are exposed to 2,250r X-radiation and mated with females,also homozygous for Arrowhead, from Mather. Ten Fi males and ten Fi females areused to start each of a large number of F2 cultures. These cultures are perpetuatedthrough the F3 and later generations by mass transfer.
Within cultures of this sort, recombination of genes from the two localities isprevented only wi thin the limts of newly induced chromosomal inversions. Consequently,an inversion that includes genes that contribute to hybrid vigor (a common feature ofinterpopulation hybrids) will tend to be retained in the culture because of theselective superiority of inversion heterozygotes. Examnation of larvae from cul-tures maintained by mass transfer for seven months or more has revealed the follow-ing aberrations, each wi thin a single stock only (numbers in parentheses refer tosections of salivary chromosomes):
Chromosome 2. Inversion in distal third (54/55 - 58/59); seen intwo larvae only.
Chromosome 2. Inversion, nearly entire chromosome (base 43 - 59).Chromosome 2. Transposition of 48 into base 43; transposed piece
inverted.Chromosome 3. Inversion in distal half (70/71 - 79).Chromosome 3. Inversion near base (base 63 - 65); possible 2-3
translocation with breaks in heterochromatin.
These data show that a chromosome other than the third can participate in hybridvigor; thus, they already rule out the possibility that the third chromosome is some-how unique in this respect. Since a large number of stocks have
not been exained todate, it appears that the probability of retaining an inversion under our experi-mental conditions is appreciable.
January 1963 TECHNICAL NOTES 37:137
Dominant lethals, as a measure of geneticdamage induced by radiation, are based onthe percentage of egg development and the
test assumes that sperm are present in all the eggs counted. Aged, virgin femalesof Drosophila will lay unfertilized eggs and different species vary as to the per-centages of eggs which, normally receive sperm. Radiation induced sterility of malesmay also result in a reduction in the number of sperm for fertilizing females. Eggscan be checked for the presence of sperm to determine whether the failure for eggdevelopment is due to genetic lethals or to the lack of sperm in the eggs. Thismethod was first used in D. virilis by Patterson, Stone and Griffen (1942, Univ.Texas Publ. 4227: 162) to test for this factor while studying isolating mechanismsin Drosophila. In these tests, eggs were collected 2-6 hours after ovipositure byfemales and placed on a glass slide. A coverslip was placed over each egg and adrop of saline placed under the edge of the coverslip. The coverslip was drawn downover the egg which bursts the chorion and spreads the contents of the egg on theslide. The sperm can be detected by the coiled sperm tails which are observed inunstained preparations.
This method has been modified to some extent to increase the number of eggswhich can be examined in a shorter period of time. The eggs are placed on a slideand coverslips placed over each. Instead of adding saline, the slide is examinedwith the micropyl e end of the egg being placed wi thin the microscopic field (ioxmagnification) . The coverslip is tapped and the egg will burst--usually at themicropyle end. The coiled tail of sperm can be observed in the egg contents in anarea imediately in front of the micropyle. If the egg contents are too thick, theycan be spread by applying pressure to the coverslip. It is an advantage to have theegg contents in a smaller area than obtained when saline is applied. If the eggsbreak at the side or the end opposite the micropyle, a longer time is usually requiredfor checking for the presence or absence of sperm. Unless the sample of eggs is smallonly those eggs breaking at the micropyle end are checked.
Alexander, Mary L. Detection ofsperm in eggs of D. virilis.
Basden, E. B. A contemplatedCatalogue of World Drosophilidae.
For some time it has been evident that acomprehensi ve catalogue of the Drosophilidaeof the world would be very usefuL. Wheeler's
list of Drosophila species is adequate for some workers but Drosophila is only onegenus of the many in the Drosophilidae. Several reasons prev~t a person's embarkingon such an enterprise, but only one need be voiced here--the possibility that a worldcatalogue of the whole family has been started by samebodyelse. The compilation ofa complete catalogue is best conducted by a single person or team at one place, witha full library of the drosophiloid systematic literature at hand. Before exploitingfacilities here in Edinburgh I would like to have comments, and to know whether acatalogue has been started or contemplated elsewhere.
The cage described here was designed mainlyto overcome the problem of how to utilizeincubator space most efficiently, the shapeof most types of large cage being 'such. that
when they are used in incubators a good deal of space is wasted. We wished to havea cage that contained a large number of food cups and supported a large populationsize and in addition we wanted to improve, as far as possible, upon some other aspectsof commonly used types, notably susceptibility to breakage of legs and gaping of adja-cent walls.
The accompanying photograph shows the appearance of the cage seen from top andbottom. The external dimensions are 28.5 x 18 x 10.5 CQ., the perspex (lucite) topand the four side-pieces are glued together under pressure and the latter have bracingpieces of 1 cm. square glued to their lower edges. The bottom, two layers of perspexwith interleaved rubber, is attached to the bracing pieces by screws as also are thelegs. Ventilation is secured by means of 2 round holes each 4.5 cm. in diameter andand containing a circle of coarse gauze. These are held in place by threaded ringswhich screw into the end walls of the cage. For removing flies we have a perspexfunnel turned from a solid block, also threaded to fit the ventilia tion holes. Foursuch funnels are therefore adequate for use with a large number of cages for sampling,
Beardore, J. A.. W. van Delden, andL. Alkema. A population cage forincubator use.
37: 138' Technical Notes DIS 37
transfer, etc. The food cups used are 40being less variable in diameter (2.8 cm.)reduce the risk of genetic contamination.
(D. melanogaster, 2SO C. oatmeal food) is
ml, screwtop, polyethylene vials, which,than glass containers give a better fit andThe population size the cage supports
2-4.000.
Population cages. Seen from below, gauze ventiliation and ringremoved, showing removable funnel and food cups (left). Seen fromabove, cups removed both ventilations in normal position (right).
Bennett, J. A "brush" for washingDrosophila culture vials.
I have assembled several motor driven devicesfor speeding the culture vial washing process.The greatest objection has been the brushes
which tend to break or lose their bristles at a prohibitive rate.I have now used a "blade type brush" for about six months. It has required only
one replacement blade in that time (only washing about 500 vials/week). Damage tothe blade occurs when a defective vial breaks during washing; eventually the blade isso badly cut it will not function. The operator's hand may be cut also; my assistantwears canvas gloves for safety. I find that holding the vial at the base is suffi-cient protection.
Figure la indicates the device in current use on an 1145 RM motor. I think aspeed of about 600 RPM would be equally effective and safer. Machining of the brushcost $7.00. The polyethylene blades can be cut with ordinary scissors from scrappolyethylene of appropriate thickness (i used sides of the cheapest available freezerboxes), or from a sheet purchased from a supply house. The blade in current use (seefigure lb) is about 1.4 mm. thick at the outer end and tapers to about 1.2 mm. as itwas cut from a freezer box. With variations in motor power and speed different bladethicknesses may be necessary.
The blade tapers slightly toward the motor, and is a slide fit into a 25 x 95 mm.,straight-sided, glass shell vial (8 dram) at the other end. The important featuresseem to be:
1. The blade should not bind or drag in the vial; this does not improvecleaning capacity.
2. The blade should be flexible.3. The outer end of the blade should be slightly concave and should have
sharp corners, to allow for the shape of the bottom of the vials and toget into the bottom corners.
For larger or smaller vials blade dimensions can be changed to fit.
January 1963 Technical Notes 37: 139
Automatic washing machines are desirable and economical for laboratories thatuse several grossiof vials per day. The small laboratory usually has to use somemanual system, preferably with mechanical assistance. I believe, from my ownexperience, that this type of "brush" attached to an inexpensive motor will proveuseful in the small laboratory.
-,
Ýi ¡t 3. 0 H,.4.J e J tIt.i 0 I';t rr 0 tor S IAlullt.
~. t~"$Ci,j ~.I,. hI'SCI"W~o d.se s/ol."'
ì' : !
: ;'
Figure la. Blade holder, side view, circular section.
T.10"..
,qt i¡ to-.L ~
tù- v:~ i" j !;/0~~j/."cCÅV'C.. t f'.,o.. ~ ~ e+J"llt.n~ s lu f "I1,1X1....i,~ I.S.... +~.~k.
i'olt. .l...~" S~I.....1CO.-~Ð
C.J. 8.""02
Figure lb. Polyethylene blade.
Flies which are just beginning to recoverfrom etherization and are stiii lightlyanaesthetized will drink rapidly, from 1/3
to 1/2 their own body weight of a fluid presented in a capillary tube held to theproboscis. There is no need to hold the flies by any means other than the tube fromwhich they are drinking. The normal inhibition of prolonged continuous drinkingappears to be suppressed by the anaesthetic, and a fly will usually remain on thetube until shaken off. This method may be used as an alternative to the injectionof fluids and was discovered because we wished to introduce various liquids intoaged (50-120 days) and heat treated adults, in which, because the flies are brittleand desiccated, injecting is too frequently fatal.
Clarke, Jean M. A rapid method offeeding liquids to aduit flies.
Our work requires very large numbers of larvaeof approximately equal age, size, and nutri-tional condition. For example, one experiment
may necessitate the use of 1500 to 2000 larvae. To obtain such large numbers, we' havedevised simple methods which may be useful to others faced with similar problems.
Virgins and males are isolated from culture and allowed to feed for three daysbefore use. Flies are mated in the late afternoon by placing 100 virgins and 100males in a standard pint mason jar. The jar is covered by an inverted petri dish
Farnsworth, M. W. Large scaleculture of Drosophila larvae.
37: 140 Technical Notes DIS 37
containing several layers of wet filter paper sprinkled with yeast. To obtain 1500larvae easily, six such mason jars are prepared. The following morning, the petridish and filter paper are replaced with a petri dish containing standard cornealfood sprinkled .n. th a few grains of yeast. The mason jar covered with the petridish is then inverted and placed in an incubator at 250 C. for two hours. At theend of this egg collection period, the petri dish is removed and replaced withanother containing food if a second collection is desired.
The rim of the mason jar leaves a circular imprint on the food in the petridish. The area of food within the imprint contains the collected eggs. The outerarea may contain eggs deposited by stray flies in the incubator. To guard againstsuch contamination, the outer ring of food is discarded and the petri dish containingthe eggs is covered and returned to the incubator.
To obtain larvae of equal size and condition, it is necessary to transfer approxi-mately equal numbers to fresh food. We have found that hatching, first instar larvaeare difficult to handle in large numbers without damage and therefore we routinelytransfer the larvae when they are approximately 24 hours old. At this age and by theuse of watchmaker forceps, they are moved to fresh food in petri dishes, approximately120-125 per dish, and returned to the incubator. With a little practice, transfersto 15 dishes can be done in less than one hour.
At the time of use, usually 72 hours posthatching, the petri dishes are floodedwith water. The larvae swi to the surface and are picked off with forceps and placedin watchglasses containing water or other appropriate solution. At this point thelarvae can be examined and selected for required genotype. Those selected can beplaced in whatever medium is suitable for the experiment.
Plastic plugs of the type used for bacteriacultures can be used in place of cardboardcaps or cotton plugs for milk bottles. The
foam-like plugs are porous and allow sufficient ventilation. They may be sterilizedby autoclaving and reused. The size for 35-45 mm. openings fits standard milk bottleswhile the size for 22-35 mm. openings is preferable for smaller neck milk bottles.
(Available as "Dispo" plugs from Scientific Products Co., 332 Shaw Road; South SanFrancisco, California).
Forbes, C. New stoppers forDrosophila culture bottles.
In order to eliminate the numerous dehydrationand clearing steps necessary to make mounts ofvarious body parts for surface examination,
the following method, making use of an aqueous miscible mountant, has been employed.Flies are dissected fresh or after storage in 70% ethanol. The parts to be studiedare placed in a drop of André medium (if the specimen is thick, two short pieces ofcapillary tubing are also added to prevent flattening) and then covered with a coverglass. The slide is placed on a warm surface (400 C.) or in an oven until the materialis cleared (l/ 2 - 2 hours). It is advisable to seal the cover glass with varnish ifthe slide is to be kept permnently. All soft internal organs are rendered transparentmaking it possible to study surface details on both upper and lower sides wlthòut turn-ing the slide over. This method has been applied with success to thorax, leg, wing,antenna and maxillary palp mounts. The formula for André medium (after Gray, 1954) is:
Gottlieb, F. J. A method for mountingDrosophila body parts.
50 gm. Distilled water
30 gm. Gum Arabic._.', 'it" 200 gm. Chloral Hydrate
u. "'" :-;- 20 gm. Glycerin-Grind the Chloral Hydrate and Gum Arabic in a mortar. Add to water, heat in
water bath, add Glycerin and continue heating until solids are dissolved and desiredviscosit~ is obtained. Filter through cotton between layers of gauze.
(Gray, P. 1954. The Microtomist' s Formulary and Guide. New York: The BlakistonCompany, Inc., p. 631.)
January 1963 Technical Notes 37: 141
This method involves exposing banana bait inquart-sized cottage cheese containers, remov-ing the attracted flies in plastic sacks, and
etherizing flies in the sacks by means of a polyethylene squeeze bottle etherizer.The cottage cheese cartons (32 oz., tall, treated Dixie cups) are heavily waxed andresist leaking or deterioration in rain or other high humidity conditions. It hasbeen the practice to fill such a carton half full of fermenting banana bait andsuspend it by string from the branch of a tree or bush, the interior of the cartonbeing protected from rain by an inverted paper plate suspended over it (in a mannersimilar to that previously described for other containers by Stalker, e.g. DIS j4:120,1960). Convenient transparent plastic sacks for removing flies from such a container'are now available in roll dispenser boxes marketed under the name of "Baggies"
(Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York), the "utility size" (ca. 12" x 12") being suitable. for the above-mentioned cartons. The bait container with attracted flies is quicklyand surreptitiously enveloped with a plastic sack and the container then agitated tocause the Drosophilas to fly into the sack, which is then removed from the baitcontainer and secured with a rubber band. Etherization of flies inside the sack isaccomplished easily by introducing e~her vapor from a polyethylene dispenser etherizerof the sort described by Bennett (DIS 33: 178, 1959). The etherized flies may be madeto collect in a corner of the plastic sack, from which they can readily be removedinto an empty vial or bottle.
Miller, D. D. Another method ofDrosophila collecting.
Mittler, S., and J. Zitnik.A modified micro-injection technique.
The heavy micrometer is eliminated from themicro-injection method described by the Fahmys
(Heredity 12). The luer glass needle (8511841Burroughs Wellcome Co., Tuckahoe, N. Y.) is drawn with an aid of a micro burner to atip with a diameter of .06 ro. A smaller diameter results in difficulty in forcingthe fluid through the needle, and a large diameter is too thick for proper injection.The glass needle with the ground end will fit as if it were a hypodermic needle intoa standard 1 cc. tuberculin luer syringe. The syringe and needle are then held as apencil. The injector need only to hold the etherized fly with a brush or a forcepswith one hand while with a slight movement of the syringe, the needle can be pene-trated at any point between tergites with great control. After penetration theoperator uses the hand that held the brush to lightly twirl the plunger of the syringedownward until proper swelling of the abdomen is obtained. The injection is doneunder a binocular wide field microscope. To obtain the exact amount of fluid in-jected one needs only to weigh the flies before and after; however, there is a limitto the amount of fluid that can be safely injected and with practice the proper dis-tention can be obtained. With this technique there is no fear, as with rubber bulbglass needle method, that the fluid will be sucked back into the needle when thepressure is released.
One of the problems associated with the useof cotton plugs as stoppers of vials is thatflies often will pupate in, the cotton result-
ing in an accumulation of material in the neck of the vial. A satisfactory replace-ment for the cotton was furnshed by Dr. Ralph DeFalco, who suggested the use of astyrafoam plastic stopper ("Dispo plugs," manufactured by Scientific Products,40-00 170th Street, Flushing 58, N. Y.) commonly used in serological laboratories.The stoppers may be used in both quarter pint milk bottles and in 25 x 95 mm. glassshell vials. The plugs can be autoclaved and can be used a number of times withoutlosing their resiliency.
Nash, D. J. A new plug forbottles and vials.
Oftedal, P. CO2 as fly anaesthetic. In experiments involving the setting up ofone F2 from a single heterozygous female
from each of a large number of Fi cultures, the time consumed by anaesthetizing theFi flies constitutes an appreciable loss of time. In our first attempt to rationalizethis step, we tried using ether contained in loose-fitting plastic plugs with acotton-filled gipsum-covered cavity. Six plugs were used in rotation, so that thetime spent for the flies to become immobilized was used for transferring a female
37: 142 Téchnical Notes DIS 37
from each of the five other vials. This system worked, but was not completely reli-able. A great improvement was found in the use of CO2, which is administered in asteady stream. Tqe gas is led from the commercial container through a conventionalreduction valve, a standard thermostatically controlled heater (to prevent blockingthrough C02-ice), and through a plastic tube about 8 mm diameter ending in a glasspipette. The pipette is clamped pointing conveniently slightly downwards, about15 cm above the white porcelain plate. Holding the vial in one hand, and controllingthe cotton plug with the other, the vial is pushed on to the pipette point so thatthe C02 enters the viaL. The flies are imobilized within a few seconds, and can beshaken out, a pair transferred to a fresh vial, and by tilting the plate the reminingflies are discarded into a Petri dish morgue. The flies are immobile for about 15seconds, leaving ample time for these operations. A gas stream of a few liters/min.is used. A microscope is not employed. About 120 vials can be handled per hour.
In order to separate some enzyme activitiesinvolved in Drosophila, various conditionsin the agar-gel electrophoretic techniquehave been studied. Fine zymograms were
obtained when buffered 0.7% agar-gel media containing filler substances such as PVP
(polyvnylpyrolidon, Luviskol-K 90) or cellosize hydroxyethylcellulose (QP 15,000)were used. With regard to amlase activity, the medium containing PVP could not beemployed, because it inhibited the development of symogram by 12-KI solution. Thecomposition of agar medium for amylase activity was as follows:
Agar ("string-agar" washed five times withdistilled water)
Cellosize hydroxyethylcellulose (QP 15,000)Potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8, ionicstrength 0.015) 400 ml
A photographic glass plate (16.5 x 15..0 cm2) was used as the supporter of the
agar-gel medium. The agar layer with a very smooth surface of 0.9-1.0 mm. in thicknesswas covered on the plate. Fl bodies were homogenized with an equal weight of dis-tilled water in a glass homogenizer, and micro-centrifuged at 10,000 r. p. m. for15 min. to remove debris. The supernatant was placed on the agar-gel medium by afilter paper strip. After 30 min., the paper strip was removed and the agar platewas connected to the buffer solution in electrode vessels by filter paper. Afterthe electrophoresis (electric field 15.0 volts/cm) for 90 min. at 50 C., the platewas imersed in 1% (w/v) aqueous soluble starch solution for 10 min. and was incubatedfor 60 min. at 3~ C. The amlase activity was revealed by staining the plate in 0.01N solution of 12-KI. For results with this technique, see the research note ofDr. H. Kikkawa.
Ogita, Z. Enzyme separation byagar-gel electrophoresis inD. melanogaster.
2.8 g0.8 g
Oster, I. I., and G. Balaban. Recently, Lewis (DIS 34:117-119, 1960) intro-A modified method for preparing duced a method for preparing slides of somaticsomatic chromosomes. chromosomes which yields by far the clearest
and largest number of full complements perganglion or imaginal disc observed to date in Drosophila material. His techniqueemploys some of the steps used for preparing mammalian material, namely the use ofcolcemide to increase the number of metaphases and treatment with hypotonic sodiumcitrate to flatten and spread the chromosomes. ~
However, since his technique tends to result in rather faintly stained chromo-somes, a fact. also noted by Lewis, we have worked out a procedure which producespreparations of ganglion and imaginal disc chromosomes with good contrast andeliminates the necessity to restain by the Feulgen technique. This method employsa combination of some of the steps used by Baker (DIS 26: 129, 1952), Brosseau
(DIS 30: 160, 1956), Lewis, et al. (1960), Nicoletti (DIS 33: 181-182, 1959), Rudkin,et al. (Exerimental Cell Research 9:193-211, 1955), Schultz, et al. (Genetics 38:689,1953) and some of those being tried out by Schultz, Rudkin, and Kemrer (personalcommunication) in connection with their work on nucleic acid analyses.
January 1963 Technical Notes 37:143
/í)LY
Briefly, the technique involves raising well-nourished larvae, dissection andtreatment of larval and pupal ganglia and imaginal discs in a hypotonic citrate solu-tion, followed by¡ fixation with acetic acid, and staining with a solution of orceinand fast green.
The details of this procedure are as follows:1. Large, well-fed larve such as one would use for salivary-gland preparations
are obtained by using yeast-enriched medium and maintaining the cultures at a tempera-ture of 62-640 F. In order to facilitate collecting the larvae and pupae, cellucottonor other wadding is not used in the culture bottles thereby encouraging the thirdins tar larvae to crawl up on the walls to pupate.
2. After collecting the larvae and removing any adhering material with distilledwater and a needle, the whole cerebral ganglion (both dorsal and ventral portions)and imaginal discs are dissected out in a hypotonic sodium citrate solution (made bydissolvingt gram of sodium citrate (Na3C6H50:rZHió In Tóó--cc,. '-öf'doul:Ùe=lass-distilled .water) and freed from extraneous attached tissues by gentle teasing. We use stainlesssteel watchmaker's forceps (Duont #5) and stainless steel insect pins inserted intopin vises for dissecting instruents. The ganglion and attached discs are then trans-ferred to a fresh drop of the same solution on a siliconed slide (made by rubbing aclean slide with a "Sight-Saver" siliconed tissue) for 10 minutes. This transfer ismade with watchmaker~ forceps or by a siliconed pipette (made by dipping a fine glasspipette into a~s:ilicone solution and rinsing off the excess with alcohol).
3. The ganglion and discs are then transferred to a drop of 50% acetic acid ona siliconed slide for fifteen minutes. .4. The tissues are transferred to a clean slide (not siliconed) using a sili-
coned pipette (since they can no longer be handled successfully by forceps); coveredwith a siliconed coverslip which is in turn covered with a piece of filter paper andsquashed by tapping with the blunt end of an instruent and applying thumb pressure,and examined under phase contrast (200X) to determine'the degree of spreading.
5. When the spreading appears to be satisfactorY the slide is frozen by placingit atop a slab of dry ice in an insulated container (a wooden box and lid coveredwith corrugated paper would be adequate) for at least 30 minutes. The slide can beleft on the ice longer if desirable.
6. While still on the ice the coverslip is removed by flipping it off with acooled single-edged razor blade.
7. The slide is defrosted by imersing it in absolute alcohol for five minutesor longer. Although it is not absolutely necessary, we have found that leaving theslide in alcohol overnight (12 hours or so) improves its over-all quality.
8. A drop of stain is placed on the squashed tissues and a clean coverslip (notsiliconed) is applied. The staining solution is composed of 2% Gurr's natural orcein,0.25% fast green dissolved in 50% glacial acetic acid and 50% lactic acid (85%). Thestain is prepared wi thoutJeating and should be filtered periodically. Please notethat with this còmbination of acids aGd material natural orcein is preferable to thesynthetic type.
The slide can now be studied by phase microscopy. Because of the anhydroustreatment further drying and distortion do not take place to any appreciable extent.If one wishes to preserve the preparation for a considerable period of time (i.e. atleast 4 months, if not longer) it can be sealed with ordinary nail polish.
The accompanying photomicrographs illustrate some typical mitotic figuresobtained with the above-described method. Four of these preparations were madefrom male larvae containing a ring-X chromosome and a sc8. Y chromosome. AlthoughLewis suggests colcemide pre-feeding to increase the number of metaphase plates perganglion, we have found it more convenient in practice not to use this step, therebyshortening the preparation-period to about 2 hours. By using well-nourished larvaewe are able to obtain an average of 15-20 figures per ganglion in which the fullcomplement of chromosomes can be clearly identified. All the photos were takenthrough a 97x oil immersion phase objective with a 35 mm. Kodak camera using KodakHigh Contrast Copy Film (M 135). (Figures 1-4.)
Techniques such as the ones described by Lewis and ourselves can be used forthe detection of chromosomal changes which cannot be analyzed readily in salivarygland preparations (e.g., rings, attached chromosomes) and for studying the cyto-logical effects resulting from various mutagenic treatments of Drosophila and otherinsects such as the house-fly (Figure 5).
y
//
37:144 Technical Notes DIS 37
,~v. _~?~~-": ~~~~_~":: ,;. -'', %h
.. ~ 0l."'i .1""'::.:,0'::$,,!.....,! 'j'. "i;
~--..-~~ Figs. 1-4: Somatic chromosomes
prepared from cerebral ganglia ofDrosophila melaoogaster ring-X-beariog male larvae (sc8.Y/Xc2).Note separatioo of large autosomesin Figs. 1 and 2, separation ofrings in Figs. 3 and 4 (anaphase)and heteropycnotic Y io Figs. l,2 and 3. Separate chromatids of Ychromosome are characteristicallynot visible.
Fig. 5: Somatic chromosomes pre-pared from cerebral gaoglioo ofMusca domestica.
(Work supported by U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Grant AT(30-1)-2618.)
January 1963 Technical Notes 37: 145
In a certain study the wings of a largenumber of groups of five full-sibs each ofD. pseudoobscura were to be measured. A
method was sought to mount the wings at the time of dissection so they could bestudied later. After some experimentation it was decided to mount them on standardglass microscope slides (lx3 inches), in the following manner. During dissectionunder a dissection microscope, the wings of each group were placed on a slide. Thenanother slide was placed on top, and the two were fastened together firmy at theirends with cellophane tape. There was enough attraction between the wings and theslide so the wings stayed in place on the slide during dissection in spite of thenormal air movement in an air-conditioned laboratory. Furthermore, they stayed flat,so when the top slide was put on (gently) no trouble was experienced with wrinklingor folding of the wings. While this method was not intended as a permanent methodof preservation, it has been noticed that in storage in an air-conditioned laboratorythe wings have apparently remained in the original condition for over a year. Measure-ments made with an ocular micrometer (using approximately 25X magnification) showed nodiscernible change in the length of the third longitudinal vein after several monthsof storage.
Drosophila are routinely tested for CO2sensi ti vi ty by exposure to pure CO2 for 15minutes at 140 C. This procedure, calling
for compressed gas and appropriate apparatus, is described in: Plus, N. (1954) Bull.Biol. 88:248-293. An alternative procedure, utilizing dry ice, has proved to be quickand simple and is described below.
A cross section of the dry ice anaesthetizer is shown in the accompanying figure.The container is a thin-walled stainless steel pot, 6 in. in diameter and 7 in. deep.
The lid is Plexiglas (9 x 9 x 3/16 in.),pierced by 16 circular holes (diameter 5/8 in.)arranged in 4 rows above the container mouth.There are 16 perforated glass or plastic tubes
(13 x 100 mm.) suspended into the chamber bymeans of number 4 rubber stoppers. The tubesproject 60 mm. below the lid.
About 300 grams of crushed dry ice areplaced in one of the tubes. The evaporationof the dry ice will cool the tubes to 120 C.in about 5 minutes. After this time, fliesmay be shaken into the tubes through a funneland kept in the tubes during the standard 15minute test for C02 sensitivity. The tubescan then be withdrawn from the container,emptied of flies, and then returned to thecontainer for testing another batch of flies.The slowly evaporating dry ice will keep thetubes below IT C. for about an hour.
The C02 content of the atmosphere wi thinthe container has not been determned. How-ever, the test distinguishes CO2-sensi ti vefrom C02-resistant flies unequivocally between120 and IT C. ' The rate of evaporation of thedry ice depends upon the size and composition
of the container and the temperature and humidity in the room. Therefore, a standardquantity of dry ice to be used must be established by trial and error. This quantitywill serve for all future determinations unless the room conditions change drastically.
Schaffer, H. E. A method ofmounting Drosophila wings.
Seecof, R. L. An apparatus foranaesthetiping Drosophila with CO2.
Æ
HHH~i I l I. I i,I I' .I I I II I' .I I I I. . I i'o._.! ...' '....' ,.. .
37: 146 Technical Notes DIS 37
The following technique allows one tocompletely inhibit egg-laying in Drosophila,prior to, during, and after insemination,wi th the advantage of being able to restore
the females' ability to resume egg-laying at a later time. Virgin females arecollected shortly after eclosion, placed immediately on modified Offerman's mediumand aged at 100 C. for one week prior to mating. Offerman's medium (DIS 6:64) isused because it does not get moist and sticky at this temperature. We have modi-fied it by using 5 ml/liter propionic acid instead of 0.15 grams/liter of Nipagin.The aged females are mated for 24 hours at 240 C. on fresh Offerman's medium, afterwhich the males arê removed. The inseminated f~males can then be either placed onmodified Carpenter's medium (DIS 24:96, modified by using sucrose exclusively) tobegin egg-laying, or stored on Offerman's medium at 100 C. for a desired length oftime. The inseminated females. which are stored this way for two weeks, when returnedto normal temperatures and placed on Carpenter's medium, are almost as fertile asthe non-stored inseminated females.
Trosko, J. E.. and M. E. Myszewski.Inhibi tion of egg-laying ininsemina ted females.
TEACHING NOTES
In teaching transplantation of Drosophilaimaginal discs (see Biology of Drosophila,ed. M. Demerec, New York: Wiley, 1950,
pp. 350 ff., for a description of the method) one of the most frequent difficultiesencountered is that the tissues get stuck in the micropipette. Siliconizing theglass capillary may overcome this problem, but a still simpler procedure is to sucka piece of larval fat body, that usually floats in the dissecting drop, into thepipette several times. This procedure coats the interior of the pipette with a thinfilm and effectively prevents clogging.
Ursprung. H. TransplantingDrosophila tis sues.
PERSONAL AND LABORATORY NES
Evelyn Barbour Bendlow, formerly associated with S. Zimering at Indiana University,is now in the Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Uni versi ty, associated withthe Drosophila group.
A. Chovnick, formerly of the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, hasjoined the faculty of the Institute of Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut,as Professor and Head of its new Department of Genetics.
Everett R. Dempster of the Department of Genetics, University of California, Berkeley,California, is spending a six month Sabbatical from June, 1962, to January, 1963, withthe Animal Genetics Laboratory, Sydney University. Professor Dempster is working onproblems of population genetics and canalization.
Helen Gay has transferred her research program from the Carnegie Institution labora-tories in Cold Spring Harbor to the Uni versi ty of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where she isa Professor in the Department of Zoology. She will remain a member of the GeneticsResearch staff of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Heidemarie Gellert, technical assistant at the Max-Planck Institut für Tierzucht undTierernährung, Mariensee, Germany, has joined the staff of the Institute of CellularBiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs.
January 1963 Personal and Laboratory News 37: 147
William W. Johnson has accepted a position as Assistant Professor in the Departmentof Biology at the University of Florida in Gainesville.
Berwnd P. Kaufmann, who retired as Director of the Department of Genetics, CarnegieInstitution of Washington, in June, 1962, has joined the University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, as Professor in the Department of Zoology and Senior Research Scientistin the Institute of Science and Technology.
Chana Malogolowkin has been appointed Visiting Professor of Zoology in the Departmentof Zoology, Columbia University, and will be located there until November, 1963.
Donald J. Nash, formerly of the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Pennsyl-vania State Uni versi ty, has been appointed Assistant Professor in the Department ofZoology at'Rutgers University.
Benedetto Nicoletti is organizing a Drosophila Laboratory in the new GeneticsDepartment, University of Rome. He shall be very grateful to the friends who cansend him their old reprints or put his name on their mailing list.
P. A. Parsons, formerly of the Department of Genetics at Cambridge Uni versi ty, hasbeen appointed Reader in Humn Genetics at the Zoology Department, University ofMelbourne, Australia.
A. Schalet, formerly of the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, hasjoined the faculty of the Institute of Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut,as Assistant Professor in the Department of Genetics.
Ilse Schwinck, formerly of the Max-Planck Institut für Tierzucht und Tierernährung,Mariensee, Germany, has joined the faculty of the Institute of Cellular Biology,University of Connecticut, as Assistant Professor in the Department of Genetics.
M. B. Seiger, formerly of the Uni versi ty of Toronto, Department of Zoology, has movedto Purdue Uni versi ty, Department of Biological Sciences, Lafayette, Indiana.
Frank Seto will, in August of 1962, move from the Biology Department of Berea College,Berea, Kentucky, and spend the following year at the Biology Division of the OakRidge National Laboratory on a PHS postdoctoral fellowship.
Ruby M. Valencia will spend the year 1963 in the laboratory of Dr. D. L. Lindsley,Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dr. Valencia will be working withthe support of a National Science Foundation grant. Dr. J. I. Valencia also willspend part of the year in Oak Ridge collaborating with Dr. Lindsley and Dr. R.Vaiencia.
MATERLS REUESTED OR AVAIlBLE
Jack Bennett, Biology Department, NIU, DeKalb, Illinois, would appreciate samples ofD. tripuncta ta and D. imigrans from field collections.
Allan B. Burdick, Biological Sciences, Purdue, would appreciate receiving any newmutations in the m-dy region.
R. C. King, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, will appreciate receivingstocks of any newly discovered female sterile mutants in any Drosophila species. Heis particularly interested in new fused, narrow and apterous mutants of melanogaster.
37: 148 Materials Requested and Available DIS 37
F. Mainx, Institut f. Allgemeine Biologie, University of Vienna, Wien ix, Schwarz-spanierstr. 17, would appreciate obtaining strains of Megaselia scalaris (= Aphio-chaeta xanthina) from different places as well as strains of other species of Phoridaeeasily bred in the laboratory.
C. A. Mourão, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências eLetras, São José doRio Prêto, São Paulo, Brasil, would be grateful to obtain (1)reprints on speciation in Drosophila, and (2) strains of D. sturtevanti of any partof the world.
E. Novitski wishes to call attention to the so-called "biochemical" mutants describedin the new mutant section of this DIS and to suggest that anyone wishing these strainsmay get them from either the stock center at Pasadena or the one at Philadelphia.
Y. K. Paik, Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, would like toreceive any reprints that are available.
ANNOUNCEMENTS
The C. N. R. (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) and the C. N. E. N. (ComitatoNazionale per l' Energia Nucleare) jointly have opened a new laboratory dedicated togenetical and biophysical researches. This institute is called "Labora torio Inter-nazionale di Genetica e Biofisica" (International Laboratory of Genetics and Biophysics).The director of this new institution is Professor Adriano A. Buzzati-Traverso who isalso in charge of the Tye Culture Collection of Drosophila.
Roger Milkman, who enjoys translating, will consider doing and making availableany paper originally written in French, German, Italian, or Spanish. Criteria: generalsignificance; personal interest of translator.
About 110 Drosophila geneticists attended the annual Drosophila conference, heldthis year at Saint Louis University, November 2 to 4. The next meeting will be heldin East Lansing at Michigan State University at a date to be announced.
A poll was taken of the salaries of persons holding positions at North Americancolleges and universities. Contributors were unidentified. Despite a number ofpossible biases in this sample, the results are sumarized here:
Twelve months salaries were arbitrarily reduced by 20% and scored as 9 monthssalaries.
11 Graduate Students and Research Assistants
3 Research Associates4 Instructors12 Assistant Professors7 Associate Professors
12 Professors49
Hean
$ 2,3006,5306,1607,2509,080
10,410
Range
$2,000- 2,8005,200- 8,0005,200- 7,5005,400-10,4007,800-104007,200-15,000
Irwn H. HerskowitzSaint Louis Uni versi ty
January 1963 DIRECTORY 37: 149
Geographical
(Alphabetically arranged according to country, city, laboratory.)
ARGENTINA
Buenos AiresAtomic Energy Commission, Biology Institute Telephone No. 70-7711
Kirschbaum, Werner F. Research Assistant (on leave of absence to study at theUniversity of Florida, U. S. A.).
Leon, Williams N. Technical Assistant.de Marinic, Susana Ercolini (Mrs.). Research Assistant.Mazar-Barnett, Beatriz (Mrs.). Doctora en Ciencias Naturales. Chemical induction
of mutations.Muñoz, Enzo Ruben. Research Assistant.Paz, Carmen (Miss). Research Assistant, curator of stocks.Pereyra, Edith (Miss). Technical Assistant.Valencia, Ruby Marie (Mrs.), Ph.D. Chief of Laboratory. Radiation genetics.
Buenos AiresUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,
Biología Ex. Genética I
Cacheiro, Nêstor. Research Assistant.Diez, Julio. Research Assistant.Kaufman, Beatriz (Miss). Stocks curato~Mazar Barnett, Beatriz (Mrs.). Graduate student. Induction of mutations.Traversa, Oscar. Undergraduate Research Assistant.Valencia, Juan 1. Professor. Head of Departm'ent of Biology.
AUSTRALIA
Adelaide, South AustraliaUni versi ty of Adelaide, Department of Genetics
Hayman, D. L., Ph.D. Lecturer.Levy, Anne, M.Sc. Demonstrator.Mayo, M. Jean, Ph.D. Lecturer.
Recombination, melanogastAr.Population studies, me~anogaster.
Brisbane, QueenslandUniversity of Queensland, Department of Zoology
Angus, D., B.Sc. (Hons.) Graduate student. Population genetics.Harlock, Rosalie, B.Sc. Graduate student. Population genetics.Khan, F. M., M. Sc. Graduate student (Pakistan). Popula tion genetics.Mather, Wharton B., Ph.D. Senior Lecturer. Population genetics, cytogenetics,
chromosomal polymorphism.Spurway, Rosalyne. Research Assistant.
Hobart, TasmaniaUni versi ty of Tasmania, Department of Zoology
Bick, D. (Mrs.), B.Sc. Research Assistant.Brink, N. G., B.Sc. Research student. Mutation.Clark, A. M. Professor. Mutation.Clark, E. G. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.Knott, B. Technical Assistant.
37: 150 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Melbourne, VictoriaUniversity of Melbourne, Department of Zoology Telephone No. FJ0484, ext. 832
Gunson, Mary M. (Miss), M.Sc. Lecturer. Salivaries.Martin, J., M.Sc. Senior Demonstrator. Non-random association of inversions.Parsons, P. A., Ph.D. Reader. Population and humn genetics.Strangio, V. A., M.Sc. Senior Demonstrator. Radiation mutagenesis.Thomson, J. A., M.Sc. Lecturer. Population genetics.
Sydney, New South WalesCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Anial
Genetics
Dempster, E. (Vi5iting Professor) Population genetics, canalization.Finlay, D., B.Sc. Agr. Canalization.Kindred, B. M. (Miss), B.Sc., M.Sc. Canalization.Pan Yu-Sheng, M.Sc. Agr. Quantitative genetics.Pennycuik, P. (Miss), B.Sc., Ph.D. Temperature and bristle development.Rendel, J. M., B.Sc., Ph.D. (Chief) Population genetics, canalization.Sheldon, B. L., B.Sc., Ph.D. Quantitative genetics; canalization; mutation studies.Young, S. S. Y., B.Sc., Ph.D. Quantitative genetics; canalization studies.
Sydney, New South WalesUniversity of Sydney, Faculty of Agriculture'
Baker, E. P. Senior Lecturer. Physiological genetics.Massasso, Judith. Teaching Fellow.
Uni versi ty of Sydney, Department of Animal HusbandrY
Barker, J. S. F., B. Agr. Sc., Ph.D. Senior Lecturer.Gluskie, Shane (Mrs.), B.Sc. Agr. Research Assistant.
Telephone No. MW0522, ext. 705
Popula tion genetics.Population genetics.
AUSTRIA
Vienna (Wien)Uni versi ty of Vienna, Department for General Biology
Karlik, Anni (Miss), Ph.D. Melanogaster, population genetics.Kunze-Mühl, Elfriede, (Mrs.), Ph.D. Subobscura, cytogenetics.1Öffler, Erika (Mrs.), Ph.D. Puliciphora, genetics.Mainx, Felix, Ph.D., M.D. Professor. Head of department.Ruderer, Elfriede (Mrs.), Ph.D. Megaselia, genetics.Ruttner, Friedrich, M.D., Ph.D. Genetics of the honey bee.Sperlich, Diether, Ph.D. Subobscura, population genetics.Springer, Robert, Ph.D. Megaselia, genetics.
Telephone No. 42-2F-6F
BELGIU
LouvainUniversity, Agricultural Institute, LaboratorY of General Genetics
Chandler, B. T. (Mrs.), M.A. Research Assistant.Deconinck, C. V. (Mrs.) Technical Assistant.Heuts, M. J. Professor. Genetics, population genetics.Lints, F. A., Ph.D. Chercheur Qualifié au F .N.R.S. Cytoplasmic inheritance,
physiological genetics.Merckx, F. E. Technical Assistant.Mouravieff, A. N. Technical Assistant.Ringelé, M. M. Technician.Stiers, R. O. Curator of Stocks.Vloeberghs, J. V. Technical Assistant.Wattiaux, J. M. Aspirant au F.N.R.S. Isolation mechanism.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 151
BRAZIL
são José do Rio Prêto,_São PauloGovërno do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Departa-mento de Biologia Geral
Melara, Hermione Elly.Mourão, Celso Abbade.
Assistant Professor. Speciation.Professor. Speciation.
São PauloUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Departamento
de Biologia Geral, Caixa Postal 8 105
Basile, R., Lic. Cien. Assistant.Breuer, M. E. Technical Assistant.
i;ytogenetics.Buck, N., Lie. Cien. Assistant. Tissue culture; human chromosomes.da Cunha, A. B., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Population genetics: polymorphism inDrosophila and effects of radiation on populations.
Frota-Pessoa, 0., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Human genetics.Magalhães, L. E. de, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Population genetics and speciation.Nemeth, S. Graduate student. Population genetics.Pavan, C., Ph.D. Professor, Head of Department. Population genetics, radiation
genetics, and cytogenetics.Toledo, J. S., Lic. Cien. Assistant. Population genetics, radiation genetics.Toledo, S. A., Lic. Cien. Assistant. Popula tion genetics , radiation genetics.Mattos, N. S. Graduate student. Population genetics.Wajntal, A. Graduate student. Human genetics.
Cyogenetics.Compara ti ve studies on Drosophila genitalia;
CANADA
Edonton, AlbertaUniversity of Alberta, Department of Genetics
Miller, Francis (Mrs.), M.Sc. Laboratory Instructor.Mukherjee, Raon, M.Sc. -Graduate student. Mechanism of mutation.Suzuki, David T., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Chromosome behavior.Ting, Keh-Ping, B.Sc. Graduate student. Physiology of crossing over.
Ottawa, OntarioC~nada Department of Agriculture, Genetics Section, A. R. I. Telephone No. 4-5366
Kidwell, James F., Ph.D. Quantitative genetics.
Toronto, OntarioUni versi ty of Toronto, Department of Zoology Telephone No. WA3-6611, ext. 1285
Mileiko, V. (Miss).Seiger, M. B., Ph.D. Quantitative inheritance. (Dr. Seiger has moved to PurdueUniversity, Department of Biological Sciences, Lafayette, Indiana.)
Vancou ver 8, Bri ti sh ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia. Department of Zoology
Band, Henret ta T. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Popula tion genetics.Tabata, Kazi (Miss). Technical Assistant.
CHILE
SantiagoUniversidad de Chile, Instituto de Biología Av. Zañàrtu 1042
Brncic, D. Associate Professor. Population genetics.Casanova, Adriana (Miss). Technical Assistant. Curator of Stocks.
37: 152 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Covarrubias, Edundo, M.D. Research Assistant.Del Solar, Eduardo. Graduate student. Population genetics.Fernandez, Raúl. Graduate student. Spermatogenesis in Drosophila.Koref-Santibañez, Susi, M.D. Research Associate. Population genetics, isolating
mechanisms.Pellicer, M. Dolores (Miss). Technical Assistant.
COLOMBIA
BogotáUni versi ty of the Andes. Department of Biology
Burr, Mary Jo (Miss), M.S. Nucleic acids of Drosophila.Cediel, Nelly (Mrs.), B. S. Oxida ti ve enzymes of Drosophila.Hunter, Alice S. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Taxonomy and physiology of Drosophila.Hunter, Robert A., B.S. Field collections of wild Drosophila.Newball, Sara (Mrs.), B.S. Taxonomy of Drosophila.
DENMRK
CopenhagenUni versi ty of Copenhagen. Institute of Genetics, 2A øster
FarimgsgadeTelephone No. PA 8678
Anderson, B. (Mrs.) Technical Assistant.Frydenberg, Ove., Mag. scient. Population genetics.Sick, Knud, Cando mag. Population genetics.Wettstein, D. von. Professor, Head of Department.
FINLAND
HelsinkiUniversity of Helsinki. Institute of Genetics, P. Rautatiek. 13 Telephone No. 444562
Halkka, Olli, Ph.D. Assistant. Salivary chromosomes.Lakovaara, Seppo, Ph.D. cando Assistant. Eye mutants.Sammalisto, Lasse, Ph.D. Assistant. Population genetics.Suomalainen, Esko, Ph.D. Professor, Head of Department.Tiivola, Airi (Mrs.). Technical Assistant, Curator of Stocks.~Uni versi ty of Turku, Department of Genetics
Hannh-Alava, Aloha (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogaster: developmentalgenetics; mutations.
Heinonen, Pirkko (Mis s) . Research Assistant. Melanogaster: muta tions; sali varies.Karhemo, Sirpa (Miss). Technical Assistant.Oksala, T. A., Ph.D. Professor, Head of Department. Melanogaster: mechanism of
segre gation; interchromosomal effects.Puro, J., Lic. Phil. Assistant Teacher. Melanogaster: mutations.Portin, Petter. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: interchromosomal effects.Savolainen, Salme (Mrs.). Technical Assistant.Seppäiä, Leila (Miss). Research Assistant. Melanogaster: mutations.Wallenius, Marja-Liisa (Miss), Cando Nat. Sc. Research Assistant. Melanogaster:
interchromosomal effects.
FRANCE
Clermont- Ferra udM. Hovasse Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie générale, Faculté des Sciences,
Puy de Dôine, 7 Avenue Verciugétorix
Laboratoire de Zoologie
Andrivon, C.Baudoin, J.
Assistant. Protistologie (Paramécie).Maitre-Assistant. Protistologie (Grégarines des Dyiscides).
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 153
Beaulaton. Assistant. Cytologie de la glande Prothoracique de Bombyx.Melle Blanc, J., C. N. R. S. Protistologie (Dosage des acides nucleiques des Ciliés).Didier, P. Cytologie des glandes séricigènes d' Araignée (Pholcides).Grain, J. Assistant. Protozoaires des Ruinants.Hovasse, R. Professeur, Directeur. Protistologie et cytologie. Ultrastructure
(Cnidocystes, Trichocystes, Chondriome, Golgi).Joyon, L. Maitre-Assistant. Flagellés libres et parasites: cytologie, ultra-
structure et cytochimie. Ecologie des eaux douces.Mignot, J. P. Assistant. Cyologie et ultrastructure du Scytomonas (Phytoflagellé).Oli vier, Luc. Chef de Tra vaux. Ecologie des eaux douces.Perrin-Waldemer, C. Assistant. Cyologie des glandes salivaires des larves deDrosophila melanogaster. .Prelle, A. (Mle.) Systématique des Ciliés.de Puytorac, P. Professeur. structure et ultrastructure des Ciliés astomes et
apostomes.Senaud, J. Protozoaires parasites (Sarcocystis tenella). Ultrastructure.
Laboratoire de Biologie anialeDidier, E. (Mme.) Assistante. Morphogénèse céphalique chez les Oiseaux et les
Mamifères.Dufaure, J. P. Mai tre-Assistant. Morphogénèse sexuelle chez le Lézard vi vipare.Fargeix, N. Assistant. Régulation de l' oeuf de la Lamproie.Hubert, J., C.N.R.S. Régulation de l'oeuf de Lézard.Lutz, H. Professeur. Régulation chez les Oiseaux.Lutz-Ostertag, Y. Chargée de recherches C.N.R.S. Sexualité chez les Oiseaux.
Gif-sur-Yvette (Seine et Oise)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire deGenetique des Virus Telephone No. 928-51-36
Bernard, J. (Miss) Assistante. CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.Gay, P. Attaché de recherches. CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.Hirsch, M-L. (Mrs.) Chargée de recherches. CO2 sensi ti vi ty in Drosophila.L'Heritier, Ph. Professor, Head of Department. CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.Ohanessian-Guillemain, A. (Mrs.) Chargée de recherches. C02 sensitivity in Drosophila.Plus, N. (Mrs.) Chargée de recherches. CO2 sensi ti vi ty in Drosophila.Proust, J. (Mrs.) Chargée de recherches. Quantitative inheritance in Drosophila.Vigier, Ph. Maitre-Assistant. CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.
Gif-sur-Yvette (Seine et Oise)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Génétique évoluti ve et
de Biométrie
Bergerard, J. Professor. Cyogenetics.Bösiger, E., Ph.D. Chargé de recherches. Heterosis, sexual selection.Laugé, G. (Miss) Assistant. Triploid inters exes of Drosophila.
Louis, M. (Mrs.) Technician.Piva, A. Graduate student. Quantitative inheritance.Queiroz, J. (Mrs.) Attachée de recherches. Quantitative inheritance.Teissier, G. Professor, Head of department. Population genetics, quantitative
inheri tanc e, biometry.Thomas, A. (Mrs.) Assistant. Quantitative inheritance.Tsácas, L., Ing.Dr. Chargé de recherches. Systematics of Drosophilidae.
Orsay (Seine et Oise)Université de Paris, Faculté des Sciences de Paris-Orsay, Biologie Générale
Bregliano, J. C. Assistant.Brun, G. Maitre-assistant.Prudhommeau, C. Assistant.
CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.CO2 sensi ti vi ty in Drosophila.CO2 sensi ti vi ty in Drosophila.
37: 154 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin)Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Zoologie
Sigot, André. Professeur sans chaire. CO2 sensitivity in Drosophila.
Villeurbanne (Rhône)Facult~ des Sciences, Laboratoire de Zoologie Exérimentale, 43, boulevard
de 1 'Hippodrome
Brun, J. Maitre Assistant. Cytology and genetics of nematodes.Daillie, J. Maitre Assistant. Nucleic acid metabolism.Fourche, J. Maitre Assistant. Respiratory metabolism in Drosophila.Gillot, S. (Mrs.) Assistant. Ovogenesis in Lepidoptera. .Godet, J. (Mrs.) Assistant. Ovogenesis in Drosophila.Guerrier, P. Maitre Assistant. Cytology of development.Legay, J. M. Maitre de Conférence. Physiology and genetics of phytophagous insects.Neulat, M. M. (Miss) Assistant. Nucleic acid metabolism.Nigon, V. Professor, Head of Department. Nucleic acid metabolism.De Reggi, M. Assistant. Quantitative inheritance.
GERNY
Berlin-BuchInstitut fÜr experimentelle Krebsforschung, Abt. f. Genetik Telephone No. 56 98 51
Bender, Erhard, Dr. Microbial genetics: chemical mutagenesis.Geissler, Erhard, Dr. Head of Department. Microbial genetics: lysogeny.Pasternak, Luise (Mrs.). Melanogaster:' chemical mutagenesis.
Berlin-DahlemInstitut für Genetik der Freien Universität Berlin,Rudeloffweg 9 Telephone No. 76 52 61/App. 640Bartelt, Jutta. Technical Assistant. Melanogaster: radiation genetics.Belitz, Hans-Joachim, Dr. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: induced mutations.Bochnig, Veronika, Dr. Research Assistant. Curator of stocks. Melanogaster:physiological genetics, radiation genetics.
Kladen, Birgit. Technical Assistant. Melanogaster: radiation genetics.Lüers, Herbert, Prof. Dr. Director. Comparative genetics: mutagens.Lüers, Thea, Dr. (Mrs.) Guest Associate. Drosophila neurology.Nöthel, Horst. Graduate student. Radiation genetics.Polzin, Walter. Technical Assistant. Radiation genetics.RÖhrborn, Gunter, Dr. Research Assistant. Drosophila tumors; chemical mutagens.Schereiks, Gisela. Technical Assistant. Melanogaster: chemogenetics.Struck, Eva, Dr. (Mrs.) Research Assistant. Insects: cytology.Winterfeldt, Gisela. Graduate student. Melanogaster: radiation genetics. Absent
since August 13, 1961.Wolf, Erich, Dr. Associate. Insects: cytology.
Hamburg 13Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum Telephone No. 441972
Koske-Westphal, Thea, Ph.D. (Mrs.) Studies on triploid melanogaster stocks and onhybrids between triploid melanogaster females and X-rayed simulans males.
Kosswg, Curt, Prof. Dr. Director.
HeidelbergUni versi tät Heidelberg, Zoologisches Insti tut Telephone No. 22689
Duspi va, Franz, Prof. Dr. Biochemistry .Hagens, Hans-Wolfgang, Dr. Physiology.Ludwig, Herbert, Dr. Insect metabolism.Schmtt, Ortrud (Miss). Stock keeper.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 155
Willer, Wilfried, Dr. Physiology.Zebe, Ernst, Dr. Muscular physiology.
KarlsruheKernorschungszentru. Strahlenbiologie
Api tzsch, Ursula. Cura tor of Stocks.Catsch, Alexander, Prof. Dr. Drosophila genetics.Dittrich, Wolfgang, Prof. Dr. Molecular genetics.Hotz, Gerhart, Dr. Bacteriophage genetics.Kircheisen, Gerda, Dr. Drosophila genetics.Muller, Adolf, Dr . Radiation biology.Shiomi, Toshio, Dr. Guest investigator. Drosophila genetics.Traut, Horst, Dr. Drosophila genetics.Ufholz, Ilse. Technical Assistant.Zimer, Karl Gunter, Prof. Dr. Radia tion genetic s .
Marburg/LahnZoologisches Insti tut der Universität. Ketzerbach 63 Telephone No. Marburg 731,
ext. )400
Becker, Gweneth L., Ph.D. Independent investigator. Lethals.Becker, Hans J., Ph.D. Assistant. Puffing; variegation.Scriba, Martin. Graduate student. Deficiencies and early embryology.Seidel, Friedrich, Ph.D. Professor. Head of Department. Early embryology of insects.
Mariensee uber WUnstorfMax Planck Institut fur Tierzucht und Tierernährung. Entwicklungs physiol.
Gottschewski, G. H. M., Prof. Dr. Head of department. Developmental and physiolo-gical genetics.
Querner, Waltraud (Mrs.), Dr. Assistant, Stock keeper. Tissue culture.Zimermnn, Wolfgang, Dr. Assistant. ~enetics.
Munster 44Universität Munster. Institut fur Humangenetik Telephone No. 40711, ext. 876
Ostertag, Wolfram, Ph.D. Radiation genetics of somatic cells.Kemng, Erika (Mrs.). Assistant.
TübingenMax Planck Institut fur Biologie. Abt. Beermanrr Telephone No. 3247Beermann, Wolfgang. Physiology of salivary gland chromosomes.Hess, Oswald. Physiology and genetics of the Y-chromosome.Joneleit, Christel (Miss). Technician. Curator of stocks.Meyer, Gunther F. Gametogenesis, light and electron microscopy; fine structure of
chromosomes.Seidel, Sigrid (Miss). Sex determination (transmutation).
GRET BRITAIN
Aberdeen. ScotlandUni versi ty of Aberdeen, Department of Zoology Telephone No. Abd. 24367
Begg, M., Ph.D., F .R.S.E. Lecturer. Microanalysis and organ culture in Drosophila.Physiological genetics.
Birmngham 15The University. Department of Genetics Telephone No. EDG 1552
Gale, J. S., Ph.D. Scientific Officer. Competition.Lawrence, M. J., Ph.D. Lecturer. Recombination and selection.Leighton, Marie J. Technical Assistant. Drosophila stocks.Ma ther, K., D. Sc., F. R. S. Professor. Selection and competition.
37: 156 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Cambridge. EnglandUniversity of Cambridge, Department of Genetics Telephone No. 58694
Alderson, T., Ph.D. Research Worker. Chemical mutagenesis.Batten, J. L. Research student. Location of polygenes in wild populations.Gibson, J. B., Ph.D. Assistant in Research. Disruptive selection. Location of
polygenes.Nash, D. Research student. Developmental genetics.Pelecanos, M. Research student. Chemical mutagenesis.Spickett, S. G. Research student. Developmental genetics of quantitative characters.Thoday, J. M., Ph.D. Professor. Selection, particularly disruptive. Location of
polygenes.
Chalfont St. Giles. Bucks., EnglandBeatt Research Institute Institute of Cancer Research Genetics Pollards
Broughton, M. E. (Miss), B.Sc. Research Assistant.Edwards, G. M. H. (Miss), B.Sc. Research Assistant.Fahm, Myrtle J. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Mutagenesis.Fahm, O. G., M.Sc., Ph.D. Cyogenetics.Gleaves, C. Technical Assistant.O'Brien, M. (Miss), B.Sc. Research Assistant.Wilcockson, P. (Miss), B.Sc. Research Assistant.
Edinburgh 9, ScotlandAgricultural Research Council, Poultry Research Centre Telephone No. NE 4461
Burnet, B., Ph.D. Physiological genetics.Downie, J. Stock keeper.Sang, J. H., Ph.D., F.R.S.E. Drosophila nutrition and physiological genetics.Strachan, I. Technical Assistant.
Edinburgh 9, ScotlandInstLtute of Animal Genetics, West Mains Road
Auerbach, C. A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Reader. Chemical and induced mutagenesis.Allan, J. Graduate student. Selection.Basden, E. B. Research assistant. Wild species.Clayton, G. Lecturer. Selection.Kelsall, P. J. Graduate student. Spontaneous and induced nondisjunction.Khishin, A. Guest investigator. Formaldehyde and radiation induced mutagenesis.Knight, G. R. Research assistant. Subobscura salivaries.Leigh, B. Gradua te student. Chemical and induced mutagenesis. On leave with
Professor So bels.Matthew, C. Guest investigator. Chemically induced mosaicism.Mostafa, A. Graduate student. Selection.Nafei, H. Graduate student. Formaldehyde induced mutagenesis.Osman, H. Graduate student. Selection.Perry, M. Research assistant. Autoradiography.Robertson, A., D.Sc. Quantitative genetics.Robertson, F. W., D.Sc. Population and physiological genetics.Royes, V. Graduate student. Drosophila nutrition.Sen, B. K. Quantitative genetics.Slizynska, H. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Cytological analysis.Slizynski, B. M., Ph.D. Salivaries.Strachan, K. (Mis s) Stock keeper.Waddington, C. H., Sc.D., F.R.S. Professor. General genetics.Watson, W. A. F. Graduate student. Chemically induced rearrangements.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 157
Glasgow, ScotlandUni versi ty of Glasgow, Department of Genetics
Dorn, G. L., Ph.D, Postdoctorate. Alkaline phosphatase in Aspergillus.Forbes, E. C. Chief Technician.Pontecorvo, G., F.R.S. Professor. Tissue culture and microbial genetics.
Harwell, Didcot, Berks., EnglandMedical Research Council, Radiobiological Research Unit Telephone No. Rowsock 393
Gale, C. (Mrs.) Technical Assistant.Jempson, J. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Laerton, M. (Miss) Technical Assistant.McSheehy, T. W., B.Sc. Radiation genetics.Purdom, C. E., Ph.D. Radiation genetics.
Hertford, EnglandJohn Inne Institute, Department of Genetics
Harrison, B. J.
Keele, Staffordshire, EnglandUniversity of Keele, Department of Biology Telephone No. Keele Park 371
Goodway, K. M., Ph.D. Lecturer. Population genetics, speciation.
Leicester, EnglandThe University, Department of Zoology Telephone No. Leicester 24211
Cook, L. M., B.Sc., D.Phil. Population genetics and chemical mutagenesis.Holt, A. C. E. (Suley), M.A., Ph.D. Chemical mutagenesis.Stafford, J. M. Stock keeper.
London, EnglandSt. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, Zoology Department Telephone No.
CLErkenwell 0661, ext. 37Hollingsworth, M. J. Lecturer. Bristle patterns; inbreeding and infertility.
London, EnglandUniversity of London, Birkbeck College, Department of Zoology
Cruickshank, William J., B.Sc. Assistant Lecturer. Drosophila: physiological gene-tics and tissue culture.
Weidmann, Ulrich, D.Phil. Lecturer. Drosophila: behavior.
London, EnglandUni versi ty College, Department of Biometry. Eugenics and
Genetics; and Department of ZoologyTelephone No. Euston 7050
pepartment of Biometry, Eugenics and GeneticsGråneberg, H. Professor.
Department of Zoology
Clarke, Jean M. (Miss), B.Sc. Research Assistant. Physiology of aging.Fielding, C., B.Sc. Research student. Developmental genetics.Grewal, M.S., Ph.D. Research Assistant. Genetics.Imar, Janet (Miss), M.S. Research student. Physiology of aging.Lab, Marion J. (Miss), B.Sc. Research student. Radiation and aging.Rubio, J., Lic. Research student. Selection.Smith, J. Maynard, B.A., B.Sc. Reader.Van Valen, L., Ph.D. Research Associate. Evolution.
37: 158 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Manchester, EnglandPaterson Research Laboratories, Cyogenetics Department
Bateman, Angus J., D.Sc. Radiation mutagenesis.Chandley, Ann C. (Miss), M.Sc. Radiation mutagenesis.
Manchester 13, EnglandThe University, Department of Botany and Zoology
Dearden, Michael.Hartshorne, John N.
Research student. Development of eye mutants.Lecturer in Genetics.
Nottingham, EnglandThe Uni versi ty, School of Agriculture
Hossain, M. A., B.Sc. Genetics of Xasta.Whittington, W. J., B.Sc., Ph.D. Population genetics.
Reading. EnglandThe Uni versi ty, Department of Agricultural Botany
Jones, John K., Ph.D. Lecturer.
Sheffield, EnglandThe University, Department of Genetics
Boam, T. B.Roper, J. A.
Chief Technician. Stock keeper.Professor. Microbial genetics.
GREECE
AthensCollege of Agriculture, Department of Genetics, Votanikos Telephone No. 629716
Alevisos, Vassily. Technician, stock keeper.Krimbas, C. B. ~ Ph.D. Professor, Head of Department. Drosophila population genetics
(D. subobscura inversion polymorphism, variability due to environment heterogeneity,polygenic mu ta tions) .
Tsacas, Spyros. Student. Tryetidae salivary gland chromosomes.Zaganas, A thanase. Student. Tryetidae salivary gland chromosomes.
INIA
Hyderabad 7, A.P.Osmania Uni versi ty, Radiation Genetics Pro j ect
Reddi, O. S., B. V.Sc., Ph.D.
V t (Senior Scientific Assistantacan (Junior Scientific Assistant
Hyderabad 7Osmania University; Veterinary College, Department of Animal Genetics
Sanjeeva Rao, M., B. V.Sc., M.Sc. Chemical mutagenesis.
New Delhi 12Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Botany Telephone No. 51138
Natarajan, A. T., Ph.D. Cytogeneticist. Radiation cytology and radiation genetics.Nirula, Satya (Miss), Ph.D. Research Associate. Radiation genetics.Swaminathan, M. S., Ph.D. Head of Department. Plant breeding, radiation cytology,and radiation genetics.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 159
ISRAEL
JerusalemHebrew Uni versi ty, Department of Zoology Telephone No. 26880 exchange
Baker, S. (Mrs. ) Laboratory Assistant.Barak, Elisheva (Mrs.). Research student. Induced chromosome breaks.Ben-Zeev, Nehama (Mrs.), M.Sc. Assistant. Induced viability mutations.Fattal, S. Laboratory Assistant.Falk, R., Ph.D. Instructor. Induced mutations: viability effects and mechanisms.Goldschmidt, Elisabeth, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Pteridines.Hurvtz, Dalia (Miss). Research student. Pteridines.Kolodny, Amira (Mrs.). Graduate student. Bristle reguation.Lapid, A. (Mrs.) Laboratory Assistant.Rappaport, Sarah. Research student.Ronen, A., Ph~D. (Present address: Department of Zoology, Columbia University,New York, N. Y.)
Wahrmn, J., Ph.D. Lecturer. Cyogenetics.Zettergren, C. (Miss) Laboratory Assistant.
ITALY
MilanoUniversità di Milano, Istituto di Genetica, Via Celoria 10 Telephone No. 230823
Barigozzi, C., D.Sc. Professor of Genetics. Director. Genetics of melanotic tumorsof Drosophila (effect of cytoplasm).
Bairati, A., M.D. Research Fellow. Electron microscopy of Drosophila cells.Di Pasquale, A. (Miss), D.Sc. Assistant. Genetics of "brown spots."Gallucci, E., M.D. Research Fellow. Induced mutations in Drosophila.Ghini, C. (Miss) Research Fellow. Exerimental cytology of prosophila.Giavelli, S. (Miss), M.D. Research Fellow. Induced mutations in Droso~hila.Halfer, C. (Miss), D.Sc. Assistant. Effect of internal environment on gene mani-
festation.Kravina, A. M. (Miss), D.Sc. Assistant. Genetics of melanotic tumors of Drosophila.Locatelli, F. (Miss) Technician. Curator of Stocks.Rezzonico, Raimondi G.(Mrs.), D.Sc. Assistant. Exerimental cytology of Drosophila.Sironi, G. P. Student Assistant. Induced mutations in Drosophila.Zambruni, L. (Miss), D.Sc. Assistant. Genetics of "brown spots."
NapoliIstituto di Biologia Generale e Genetica dell Universita di Napoli
Bencivenga, L. Research student.Carfagna, M. Research Associate. Radiation and population genetics.De Lerma, B. Director.D' Angelo, G. Research student.Duraccio, N. Research student.Megna, F. Cura tor of Stocks.Valentino, O. Research student.
NapoliLaboratorio Internazionale di Genetica e Biofisica
Buzzati-Traverso, A. A. Professor of Genetics. Director. Population genetics.Della Volpe, N. Technical Assistant.Ritossa, F., Dr. Research Assistant. Polytene chromosomes.
. Volpe, P., Dr. Research student.
RomaIsti tuto di Genetica, Ci ttà Uni versi taria
Arabia, Liliana. Research Assistant. Melanogaster cytogenetics.Canuti, Nella. Research Assistant. Melanogaster translocation.
37: 160 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Micheli, Aldo. Curator of stocks.Montalenti, Giuseppe. Professor of Genetics. General genetics.Nicoletti, Benedetto. Assistant Professor. Melanogaster cytogenetics, mutagenesis.Olivieri, Gregorio. Research Assistant. Melanogaster G. o. induced in males.Olivieri, Mancini Angela. Research Fellow. Melanogaster.ilAnzyo, Aichi-kenNagoya Uni versi ty, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal
BreedingTelephone No.
(Anzyo) 3161
Esaki, K. Research Assistant. Melanogaster; mutation.Kondo, K., Dr. . Professor. General genetic problems.Nozawa, K., Dr. Assistant Professor. Melanogaster; population genetics and mutation.Ota, N. (Miss) Technical Assistant. Curator of stocks.Tomita, T., Dr. Research Assistant. Imunogenetics and mutation.
Chiba-CityNational Institute of Radiological Sciences, Genetics Division
Egam, Nobuo, Dr. Chief of the 1st Lab. of Biol. Div. Developmental genetics.Imaizumi, Yôko. Research member. Popula tion genetics; theoretical.Inagaki, Eiichi. Research member. Drosophila and Bombyx: mutation problems.Inagaki (Tachibana), Hiroko. Research member. Mutation problems.Kato, Hatao. Research member (from December, 1962). Cytology.Machida, Isamu. Research assistant. Drosophila and Bombyx; physical and chemical
mutagenesis.Nakai, Sayaka, Dr. Research member. Microbial genetics.Nakanishi, H. Yu, Dr. Research ,member. Cytology.Nakao, Yoshio, Dr. Head of Divisions (Genetics and Biology). Drosophila and Bombyx;physical and chemical mutagenesis.
Nei, Masatoshi, Dr. Research member. Population genetics; theoretical.Saheki, Tetsuya. Research member. Microbial genetics.Shiomi, Toshio. Chief of the 1st Lab. of Genet. Div. Physiological genetics.
(On leave, Kernorschungszentru, Karlsruhe, 1962-63.)Tobari, Izuo. Research member (from December, 1962). Population genetics andmuta tion problems.
Watanabe, Iko. Research member. Microbial genetics.Yamaguchi (Fujita), Eiko. Research member. Drosophila and Bombyx; physical and
chemical mutagenesis.Yasuda, Norikazu. Research member. Population genetics; theoretical. (On leave,
Uni versi ty of Wisconsin, 1961- ) .
HiroshimaHiroshima University, Faculty of Science, Zoological Laboratory
Minamori, S., Dr. Assistant Professor. Melanogaster. Population genetics.Deleterious genes in natural populations.
Saito, Y. Undergraduate. Melanogaster. Population genetics.
KyotoKyoto Uniyersity, Faculty of Science, Department of ~oology
Imaizumi, Tadashi, Dr. Assistant. Physiological genetics and embryology.Kato, Masaru, Dr. Assistant Professor. Biochemical genetics.Kato, Mikio, Dr. Research Associate. Biochemical genetics. (Present address:
Department of Zoology, Uni versi ty of Ottawa, Ottawa 2, Canada.)Miyoshi, Yasuhiro, Dr. Postdoctoral Fellow. Physiological genetics.Nakamura, Kenji, Dr. Professor. Cytogenetics and physiology.Okuda, Chizuko (Miss). Technical Assistant. Curator of stocks.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 161
MisimaNational Institute of Genetics Telephone No. Mishima 5-0771
Chigusa, S. Research Assistant. Population genetics; mutation and selection.Hiraizumi, Y., Dr. Research Member. Population genetics.Imai, Y. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Iyam, S., Dr. Research Member. Population genetics; competition and migration
(in the University of Minnesota, Department of Animal Husbandry, st. Paul).Karube, M. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Kimura, M., Ph.D. Research Member. Population genetics; theoretical (in the Univer-
si ty of Wisconsin, Madison).Masuda, H. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Mukai, T., Ph.D. Research Member. Population genetics; radiation and polygene.Nakajima, K. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Nakamura, K. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Nawa, S., Dr. Research Member. Biochemical genetics; pteridine and nucleic acid
(in the Uni versi ty of Rochester, Rochester, New York).Oshima, C., Dr. Head of Department. Population genetics; resistance to insecticideand deleterious genes in natural populations.
Sakaguchi, B., Dr. Research Member. Physiological genetics; cytoplasm, sex-ratioagents.
Sakai, K., Dr. Head of Department. Population genetics; competition and migration.Sano, K. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Sugisaki, R. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Taira, T., Dr. Research Member. Biochemical genetics; eye pigment formation andmetamorphosis (in the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor).
Tokuda, T. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Toyofuku, Y. (Mrs. Tonomura), Dr. Research Member. Cytogenetics.Yamada, Y., Dr. Research Member. Population genetics; mutation and selection (at
Purdue University, Population Genetics Institute, Lafayette, Indiana).Yoshikawa, I. Research Assistant. Population genetics; radiation and polygene.
OsakaOsaka Uni versi ty Medical School. Department of Genetics; andOsaka University. Faculty of Science, Biological Institute
Fuj io, Y. Gradua te student. Drosophila: embryological genetics.Hiraga, S. Graduate student. Drosophila and Musca: biochemical genetics.Hiroyoshi, T. Assistant. Musca: sex, mutations and linkage.Ichioka, S. (Miss) Technical assistant. Curator of Drosophila stocks.Kikkawa, H., Dr. Professor. Drosophila and Musca: chemical genetics and resistance
to insecticides.Kuroda, Y., Dr. Lecturer. Drosophila: embryological genetics.Nobuki, R. (Miss) Technical assistant. Curator of housefly stocks.Ogita, Z., Dr. Assistant. Drosophila and Musca: chemical genetics and resistance
to insecticides.Seki, T., Dr. Lecturer. Drosophila, Musca and Bombyx: chemical genetics.Suzuki, R. Miss) Research assistant. Musca: genetics of insecticide-resistance.Tsukamoto, M., Dr. Assistant. Drosophila and Musca: genetics and metabolism in
insecticide-resistance.
SapporoHokkaido University. Faculty of Science. Department of Zoology
Kaneko, A. Research Assistant. Geographical distribution; cytogenetics.Makino, S., Dr. Professor. Cytogenetics; population genetics.Momm, E., Dr. Assistant Professor. Geographical distribution; cytogenetics; popu-
lation genetics.Shima, T. Research Assi stant. Geographical distribution; cytogenetics.Takada, H., Dr. Research Assistant. Geographical survey; taxonomy.Tokuitsu, T. Graduate student. Geographical distribution; cytogenetics.Wakahàma, K. I. (Assistant of Shimane University.) Visiting Researcher. Geographical
distribution; cytogenetics; population genetics.
37: 162\
Directory - Geographical DIS 37
KORE
Kwang,iu, ChunnamNational Chunnam University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Department of
Biology
Kim, D. U.Kim, K. W.Park, M. S.Wui, I. S.
Assistant Professor.Assistant Professor.Instructor.
Instructor.
Microbial genetics.Drosophila taxonomy; cytogenetics.
Seoulëhang University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology
Chun, W. S. Graduate student.Chung, J. Y. Gradua te student.Lee, C. S. Research Assistant.Lee, T. J. Associate Professor.
Geographical survey.Geographical survey.Cyology.Population genetics, geographical distribution.
SeoulSeoul National University, Department of Zoology
Kang, Yung Sun, Dr. Professor. Cytology.Chung, Ok Ki. Instructor. Cyogenetics.Kim, Yung Jin. Instructor. Cytology.Lee, Chung Choo. Assistant. Genetics.Choi, Jung Ji. Assistant. Genetics.
Seoul~Kyun-Kwan University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology
Moon, H. M. Graduate student. (Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Schoolof Medicine, Uni versi ty of North CarQlina, Chapel Hill, N. C.). Biochemical genet ics.
Paik, Y. K., D.Sc. Consultant. (Permanent address: Yonsei University, Department ofBiology, Seoul.) Population genetics.
Sung, K. C., M.A. Teaching Assistant. Selection.
Seoul~i University, College of Science and Engineering, Department of Biology
Kim, S. H. Technical assistant.Kum, C. S. Graduate student. Population analysis of D. melanogaster.Paik, K. K., D.Sc. Associate Professor. Histochemistry.Paik, Y. K., D.Sc. Associate Professor. Chairman. Population genetics.Sung, K. C., M.A. Research Scientist. (Permanent address: Sung Kyun-Kwan University.)
Selection.Yoon, C. S. Graduate student. Population genetics. (Present address: Genetics
Foundation, University of Texas, Austin 12, Texas.)
MEICO
ChapingoEscuela Nacional de Agricultura, Fitotecnia
Covarrubias, Ramón, M.S. Genetics.
NETHERLNDS
Haren (Gr.)State University of Groningen, Genetical Institute Telephone No. 44923
Beardore, J. A., Ph.D. Professor.Delden, W. van, B.Sc. Assistant.
Popula tion studies.Fitness.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 163
Folkers, W. (Miss) Technician. Stock keeper.Miedema, P., B.Sc. Graduate student. Polygene mutations.Pui, M. L. L. du (Miss). Technician.Wezeman, B., B.Sc. Graduate student. Selection.
LeidenGenetisch Laboratorium der Rijksuni versi tei t Telephone No. 01710-30645
Berendes, H. D. Research assistant. Salivaries D. hydei.Gloor, H. J. Professor. Developmental genetics.Jacobs, A. A. M. C. (Miss) Research assistant. Localization.Jacobs, A. M. (Mrs.) Research assistant. Pteridine pigments.Scharloo, W., Dr. Population and developmental genetics.Schulten, G. G. M. Research assistant. Sex ratio.Volkers, W. Research assistant. Selection.
LeidenSta te Uni versi ty, Department of Radiation Genetics,Wassenaarseweg 62
Telephone No. 58333,ext. 1156
Van der Bie, V. (Miss) Technical assistant.Goedhart, A. (Miss) Technical assistant.Den Hollander, C. J. M. (Miss) Technical assistant.De Klerk, T. H. (Miss) Technical assistant.Lambooy-de Ruiter, F. J. (Mrs.) Technical assistant.Leigh, Barry, B.Sc. Radiation mutagenesis.Lommerse, M. A. H. (Miss) Technical assistant.Maas, A. B. Technical assistant.Sobels, F. H., Ph.D. Professor. Radiation mutagenesis, repair mechanism.Tates, A. D., M.Sc. Research Assistant. Radiation mutagenesis and electronic microscopy.
UtrechtGenetisch Instituut der Rijksuniversiteit, Opaalweg 20 Telephone No. 030 - 22541
Kuiper, N. (Miss) Technical assistant.Rüke, C. L., Ph.D. Professor Director.Schouten, S. C. M., M.Sc. Assistant. Radiation mutagenesis.Tuinstra, E. J. (Miss). Stock keeper.
NE 'ZEALAND
DunedinUni versi ty of Otago, Department of Botany
WYlie, Ann P. (Miss) Senior Lecturer in Cytology and Genetics.
NIGERIA
IbadanIbadan University College, Department of Zoology
Barker, John F., Dr.
NORWAY
BergenUni versi ty of Bergen, Zoological Labora toryoAbro, Arnold. Research Associate. Melanogaster, spermatogenesis, radiation effects.Brinkmann, Aug. Jr. Professor of Zoology, Director of the Laboratory.
37:164 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Blind ern
University of Oslo, Institute of General Genetics
Gleditsch, Augusta. Curator of Stocks.Hansteen, Inger-Lise. Graduate student. Cytology.Kiil, Wilhelm, Ph.D. Funebris.Kvelland, Ingerid, Cando Real. Research Assistant. Radiation genetics.Mohr, Otto Louis, Dr. Med., L.L.D. Professor Emeritus.Strömnaes, nistein, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Radiation genetics.Wedvik, Hans. Graduate student. Radiation genetics.
Oslo~k Hydro' s Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital,Montebello p. o.
Havin, EdeL. Graduate student. Radiosensitivity of early embryo.Mossige, Jeanne Coyne. Research Fellow. Radiosensitivity of sperm.Oftedal, Per, Dr. Philos. Senior biologist. Radiosensitivity of spermatogonia.
Isotope distribution.
PANA
PanamaThe Gorgas Memorial LaboratoryPipkin, Sarah Bedichek. Population genetics, speciation, sex determination.
SOUTH AFRICA
JohannesburgSouth African Institute for Medical Research, Department of Entomology
Paterson, H. E., B.Sc. (Nons.) Color polymorphism in Drosophila; speciation; popula-tion genetics.
JohannesburgUni versi ty of the Wi twa tersrand, Department of Zoology
Hartmann-Goldstein, Ingeborg J., Ph.D. Lecturer. Zaprionus: cytogenetics.Hume, Brian. Curator of Stocks.Nolte, D. J., D.Sc. Senior Lecturer. Polygenes in strains, for eye pigments and
bristles.
SPAIN
BarcelonaUniversidad, Centro de Genética Animal y Humana del C. S. I. C.
Alcobé, S., Dr. Director of the Center. Professor of Anthropology.Cama, J. Technical Assistant. Curator of Stocks.Fusté, M. (Miss) Graduate student. D. subobscura populations.Mensua, J. L. Student Assistant. D. melanogaster populations.Monclús, M. (Mrs.) Research Assistant. Population genetics.Nadal, A. (Miss) Graduate student. Lethals in natural populations.Pons, J., Dr. Professor. Human genetics. .Prevosti, A., Dr. Head of Drosophila Department. Population genetics.
Madrid 6Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (C. S. I. C.),Laboratorio de Genética
Telephone No. 259-18-00Velázquez 1)8
García-Bellido, A., Dr. Research Associate. Developmental genetics.Miralles, L. (Miss) Graduate student. Cytogenetics.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 165
Morey, M. Research Assistant. Mutagenesis.Ortiz, E., Dr. Head of Department. Mutagenesis.Ramírez, P. (Miss) Technical Assistant.Solana, I. (Mrs.) Technical Assistant.Torroja, E., Dr. Research Associate. Mutagenesis.
SWEEN
StockholmUniversity of Stockholm, Department of Genetics Telephone No. J4 08 60/271
Eiche, A., Ph.K. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: population genetics and mutations.Gustaffson, Kerstin (Mrs.), Ph.K. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: mutations.Lewenhaupt, Märta (Miss). Research Assistant. Melanogaster: mutations.Licznerski, Gunnel (Mrs.), Ph.K. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: mutations.Lüning, K. G., Ph.D. Professor. Director of the Institute. Melanogaster: population
genetics.Montelius, I., Ph.Lic. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: population genetics.Rael, C., Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogaster: interchromosomal effects, viabilitymutations. ,/Sävhagen, Ruth (Miss), Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogaster: mutations.Sheridan, B., B.A. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: population genetics.Ytterborn, K., Ph.Lic. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: population genetics.
Uppsala 7University of Uppsala, Institute of Genetics
Gidholm, Kerstin, Ph .M. Melanogaster: developmental disturbances.Johansson, K., Ph.M. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: selective mating.Ohlendorff, Helga, Ph.D. Research Assistant.Rasmuson, B., Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogaster: physiological genetics.Rasmuson, Marianne, Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogastp.r: population genetics.Svensson, Margit. Agr. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: physiological genetics.Sverredahl, M., Ph.M. Research Assistant. Curator of Stocks.
SWITZERLND
BernZõogisches Insti tut der Universität
Rosin, Siegfried, Ph.D.Tschumi, Pierre, Ph.D.
Professor. Developmental genetics.Developmental genetics.
Füllinsdorf (Post Frenkendorf/BL)Institut für Biologisch-Medizinische Forschung A. G.
Loosli, Rolf, Ph.D. Developmental physiology; physiological genetics.
ZürichEidgenässische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Instituteof Technology), Department of Zoology
Telephone No. 32 73 30
(051)
Kroeger, Heinrich, Dr. Research Assistant. Chromosome metabolism; pattern formation.Lezzi, Markus. Graduate student. Chromosome metabolism.Müller, Melanie (Miss). Technical Assistant.Scheider, Annemarie (Mrs.). Gradua te student. Cytology.Spring, Hanswerner. Graduate student. P~diation effects.Würgler, Friedrich E. Graduate student. Radiation effects, mutation; oxygen effect.Ulrich, Hans, Dr. Prof. Differential radiation effects on nucleus and cytoplasm;
oxygen effect.
37: 166 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
ZürichZoologisches Insti tu t der Uni versi tä t
Altmann, Jacques. Graduate student. Salivary glands.Burla, Hans, Ph.D. Professor. Taxonomy, population genetics.Chen, Pei Shen, Ph.D. Professor. Physiology and development.DeHaan, Robert L., Ph.D. Research guest. Developmental genetics.Faber, Jacob, Ph.D. Research guest. Developmental genetics.Flückiger, Isolde. Graduate student. Parasitic wasps of Drosophila.Goetz, Walter. Graduate student. Inversion frequencies in D. subobscura.Grassmann, Anneliese. Assistant. Parasi tic wasps of Drosophila.Hadorn, Ernst, Ph.D. Professor. Developmental and biochemical genetics; lethals.Koch, Rudolf. Graduate student. Vision and orientation of D. obscura and subobscura.Munz, Peter. Assistant. Enzymes.Nöthiger, Rolf. Assistant. Imaginal discs.Remensberger, Peter. Graduate student. Pteridines in development.RÜegg, Martin. Graduate student. Proteins of Drosophila.Schiäpfer, Theo. Assistant. Imaginal discs.Tobler, Heinz. Gradua te student. Pteridines in development.Weinmann, Hanspeter. Graduate student. Metabolism.
UNITED ARAB REUBLIC
Alexandria, EgytUni versi ty of Alexandria , Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Genetics
Afifi, E. M., B.Sc. Graduate student. Gene-environment interaction.Dawood, M. M., Ph.D. Lecturer. On study leave at the Department of Genetics,
Uni versi ty of California.
El-Hakani, A. S., B.Sc. Graduate student.Drosophila.
El-Helw, M. R., B.Sc.El-Wakil, H. M., B.Sc.Ibrahim, S. R., B.Sc.Mourad, A. M., Ph.D.
New York.Rakha, F. A., B.Sc. Graduate student.
D. melanogaster and D. simulans.Roushdy, M. S., B.Sc. Graduate student.
conditions.Shoeb, Y. Z., Dipl.Agric. Technical Assistant.Soliman, G. A., B.Sc. Graduate student. Lethal in natural populations.Soliman, M. H., B.Sc. Graduate student. Competition.Tantawy, A. 0., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Head of Department. Studies on naturalpopula tions of Drosophila.
Radiation in natural populations of
Graduate student. Selection and egg production.Gradua te student. Competi tion.Graduate student. Heterosis.
On leave at the Department of Zoology, Columbia University,
Genetic variance in natural populations of
Heri tabili ty under different environmental
UNITED STATES
Alliance, OhioMt. Union College, Department of Biology Telephone No. 82-15320
Blount, J. L., Ph. D. Mutagenesis; longevity factors.Rohio, S. Technical Assistant.Savage, E. Research Assistant.
Ames, IowaIowa State University, Department of Genetics Telephone No. 231-3850
Goon, Clarene (Miss). Graduate student.Gowen, John W., Ph.D. Melanogaster.Hollander, W. F., Ph. D. Melanogaster.Kloos, Wesley E., M. S. Simulans.
January, 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 167
Mullins, Judy (Mrs.). Technician.Stadler, Janice (Miss), Ph.D. Melanogaster.Thompson, Peter E., Ph.D. Melanogaster.
Amherst, MassachusettsAmerst College, Department of Biology Telephone No. AL 3-2561, ext. 314-315
Casey, Lucy (Mrs.). Curator of Stocks, Research Assistant.Hexter, W. M., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Genetic fine structure and crossing over.Ives,P. T., Ph.D. Research Associate. Radiation and population genetics.Plough, H. H., Ph.D. Professor Emeritus. Mutation and environmental effects.Russell, Phyllis (Mrs.). Research Assistant.Tiffany, Barbara (Miss). Technical Assistant.Yost, H. T. Jr., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Cell particles and radiation effects.
(On leave 1962-63 in London.)
Ann Arbor, MichiganUni versi ty of Michigan, Department of Zoolog¡
,/
Ader, Judith K. Research Assistant.Das, C. C. Research Associate. Nucleic acid and histones.File, Sharon. Undergraduate.Gay, Helen. Professor. Chromosome organization; electron microscopy; histochemistry.Hays, Richard B. Graduate student.Kaufmann, B. P. Professor. Cytology; cytochemistry.Kleckner, Howard. Undergraduate.Kvashay, Margaret. Graduate student.Mitsunaga, Carol. Research Assistant.Rizki, Rose M. Research Associate. Developmental genetics.Rizki, T. M. Associate Professor. Developmental genetics.Taira, Toshifumi, Visiting Scientist. (On leave from the National Institute ofGenetics, Misima, Japan.) Pteridines and developmental genetics.
Tartof, Kenneth. Undergraduate.
Argonne, IllinoisArgonne National Laboratory, Division of Biological andMedical Research
Telephone No. CI 7-7711
Sla tis, Herman M., Ph. D. Posi tion effects.
Athens, GeorgiaUni versi ty of Georgia, Department of Zoology Telephone No. LI 3-2511, ext. 617
Davis, Gale David, M.S. Graduate student. Chromosome behavior.Fortner, Joycie Myers (Mrs.), B.S. Research Assistant.Hinton, Claude W., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Chromosome behavior.
Austin 12, TexasUni versi ty of Texas, Department of Zoology,
Genetics Foundation
Alexander, Mary Louise (Miss), Ph.D. Research Associate. Radiation and chemicalmutagenesis.
Allen, Archie C., Ph.D. N. I. H. Postdoctoral Fellow. Population genetics.Burmesiter, Maritha (Mrs.), B.A. N. I. H. Training Grant Predoctoral Fellow.Chertkoff, Lynn (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Position effect; pseudoalleles.Conine, Donya D. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Radiation genetics.Elequin, Flora T. (Miss), M.A. Graduate student.Fabergé, A. C., Ph.D. Research Associate. General genetics.Forrest, H. S., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Biochemical genetics.Futch, David G., M.A. N. I. H. Training Grant Predoctoral Fellow.Garner, Sharon H. N. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Evolution.
Telephone No. GR 1-7158
37: 168 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Gerstenberg, Virginia L. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Evolution, radiationgenetics.
Hassell, Lyle, B.S. Research Assistant. Biochemical genetics.Judd, Burke H., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Position effect; pseudoalleles.Kastritsis, Costas, B.S. Graduate student.Kuich, Linda L. (Mrs.), M.A. Research Assistant. Artist. Evolution.Lagowski, Jeanne M. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Associate. Biochemical genetics.Lee, Hei Yung (Miss), B.S. Graduate student.Le Fever, H. Michael, M.S. N. I. H. Training Grant Predoctoral Fellow.McKinley, Kay (Miss), B.A. Research Assistant. Radiation genetics.Narise, Takashi, Ph.D. Research Associate. Evolution, species and competition.Oliver, C. P., Ph.D. Professor. Gene action; human genetics.Resch, Kathleen (Miss), B.A. Research Assistant. Cytochemistry.Stone, Wilson S., Ph.D. Professor. Evolution, gene action, radiation genetics.Wagner, Robert P., Ph.D. Professor. Gene action; biochemical genetics.Welch, Robert M., Ph.D. Research Associate. Cytochemistry.Wheeler, Marshall R., Ph.D. Professor. Taxonomy, evolution.Wilson, Florence D. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Radiation effects.Yoon, Jong Sik, B.A. Graduate student.
Baltimore 18, MarylandThe Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology Telephone No. 467-3300, ext. 600
Faulhaber, Ilse, Ph.D. Research Associate.lethal mutants (melanogaster).
Glass, H. Bentley, Ph.D. Professor. Melanogaster; population genetics of suppressorsystems (erupt and tumor); gene action of su-er and su-tu; trytophan metabolism inDrosophila; radiation and oxygen effects; comparative effects of mutagens on malesand females at different ages.
Glass, Suzanne S. (Mrs.), M.A. Research Assistant. Melanogaster; genetic control oftrytophan metabolism in Drosophila and its relation to abnormal growth.
Laufer, Hans, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Differential gene action during development.MacIntyre, Ross J., B.A. Graduate student. Population genetics of
Esterase 6 alleles
in melanogaster. Gene homologies of esterase alleles in the Subgenus Sophophora.Marzluf, George S., B.S., M.S. Graduate student. Nature of gene action and inter-
actions with specific suppressors; trytophan metabolism in D. melanogaster.Ritterhoff, Rebecca K. (Mrs.), B.S. Research Staff Assistant. Melanogaster: compara-tive study of induced mutation in males and females; effect of very low doses ofionizing radiation; Minutes: recessive lethals and spontaneous visibles in malesand females; effects of oxygen concentration.
Ursprung, Heinrich, Ph.D. Assistant Professor.Somerville, Delores (Mrs.). Research Assistant.
esterases.Wright, Eileen Y. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Ontogeny of gene-enzyme systems;
phenogenetics of embryonic lethals.Wright, Theodore R. F., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Ontogeny of gene-enzyme systems;
esterases and xanthine dehydrogenase; phenogenetics of embryonic lethals.
Developmental biology and genetics of
Imaginal discs; xanthine dehydrogenase.Ontogeny of gene-enzyme systems;
Bar Harbor, MaineJackson Laboratory Telephone No. AT 8-3373
Bunker, Merrill C. Senior Research Assistant. Cytogenetics.Farley, Beulah (Mrs.). Research Assistant. Stocks.Griffen, Allen B., Ph.D. Staff Scientist. Mutation, cytogenetics, chromosome maps.Roderick, Thomas H., Ph.D. Staff Scientist. Population genetics.
Berkeley, California \University of California, College of Agriculture, Department of Genetics
Brown, Spencer W., Ph.D. Cytogenetics.Dawood, M. M., Ph.D. Population genetics.Dempster, Everett R., Ph.D. Population genetics.Sokoloff, Alexander, Ph.D. Population genetics; comparative genetics of Coleoptera.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 169
Strickberger, Monroe W., Ph.D. Population genetics.Walen, Kirsten H., Ph.D. Cyogenetics.
Berkeley, CaliforniaUniversity of California, Department of Zoology
Brunt, Cole M. (Miss), A.B. Laboratory Technician.Grisseau, Collin (Miss), A.B. N. S. F. Predoctoral Fellow. Developmental genetics.Gue, Sandra (Miss), A.B. Graduate student. Curator of stocks.Hildreth, Philip, Ph.D. Research Associate. Mutation, mating behavior.Horn, Selina (Miss), M.A. Graduate student. Sex ratio.King, Jack, M.A. N. S. F. Predoctoral Fellow. Developmental genetics.Klotz, Ruth .(Miss), A.B. Graduate student.Lucchesi, John, M.S. N. I. H. Predoctoral Trainee. Dosage compensation.Mukher j ee, A., M. S c . Indian Government Overs eas Scholar. Developmental genetic s .Sherwood, Eva (Mrs.), A. B. Research As si stant. General.Stern, Curt, Ph.D. Professor. General.Tokuaga, Chiyoko (Miss), Ph.D. Research Zoologist. Developmental genetics.
Bethesda, Maryland'National Institute of Health Telephone No. OL 6-4000
Wilson, Kay, Ph.D. Treasurer of the United States.
Bloomington, IndianaIndiana University, Department of Zoology, 204 Jordan Hall
Edondson, Margaret (Mrs.), M.A. Graduate Investigator.Fischler, Drake A., M.A. Research Assistant.Hanis, Nancy (Mrs.), A.B. Research Assistant.Lee, William R., Ph.D. Research Executive.Muller, H. J., D.Sc. Professor.Oster, Irwn I., Ph.D. Consultant. (Permanent address: Institute for Cancer Research,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.)
Petoe, Louise (Mrs.). Cura tor of stocks.Trout, William E., A;B. Predoctoral N. I. H. Fellow.Wagoner, Dale E., A.B. Predoctoral N. I. H. Fellow.White, Mary P. Research Assistant.Zimering, Stanley, Ph.D. Consultant. (Permanent address: Department of Biology,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.)
Buffalo, New YorkSta te Uni versi ty of New York at Buffalo,Department of Biology
Telephone No. 831-2624
Farnsworth, M. W., Ph.D. Melanogaster devèlopment; biochemistry.Goldin, H., M.A. Graduate student. Melanogaster; biochemistry.Luchowski, E. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Technician.
Cambridge 38, MassachusettsHarvard Uni versi ty, Biological Labora tori es Telephone No. UN 8-7600, ext. 2336
Jonsson, Ulla-Britt (Miss). Senior Research Assistant. Curator of Stocks. Repro-ducti ve physiology.
Lefevre, George, Ph.D. Radiation genetics; reproductive physiology.Levine, R. Paul, Ph.D. Mutation and gene action. ,Nilsson, Maud Berit (Miss). Research Assistant. Reproductive physiology, mutation.Parker, Dorothy (Mrs). Research Assistant. Reproductive physiology, mutation.
Chambersburg, PennsylvaniaWilson College, Department of Biology TelephOlie No. 4-4141
Burger, Charles L., Ph.D. Mutagens, physiological effects, metabolism.
37: 170 Directory - Geographical Drs 37
Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUniversity of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Telephone No. 968-2736Department of Biochemistry
Glassman, Edward, ¡.Ph.D. Biochemical genetics.Hodge, Lon. D., V.M.D. Maalian biochemical genetics.Karam, J. D., B.S. Biochemical genetics.Keller, E. C., Jr., Ph.D. Biochemical genetics; quantitative genetics.McLean, Janice (Miss), B.S. Research Laboratory Supervisor. .Moon, H. M., B.S. Biochemcal genetics.Moore, R. Laboratory Assistant.Parrish, J., A.B. Laborator, Assistant.Ross, Genie (Mrs.), B.S. Research Technician.Saverance, P. (Miss), B.S. Biochemistry.Yen, T. T., B. S . Biochemical genetics.
,/Bryan, Sandra McLester (Mrs. Floyd), A.B. Research Assistant.Henderson, Ann S. (Miss), A.B. Predoctoral Fellow.Hubbard, William B., M.Ed. Predoctoral Fellow.James, Judith McNease (Mrs. William S.), M.A. Research Assistant.Potthoff, Richard F., Ph.D. Research Associate, jointly with Department of Mathe-matical Statistics.
Whittinghill, Maurice, Ph.D. Professor. Irradiation; chemical mutagens; crossingover.
Charlottesville, VirginiaUni versi ty of Virginia, Department of Biology Telephone No. 3255
Bodenstein, Dietrich, Ph.D. Developmental genetics; physiological genetics.
Chicago 16, IllinoisIllinois Institute of Technology Telephone No. CA 5-9600
Spieler, Richard A., Ph.D. Nondisjunction, chromosome behavior.
Chicago, IllinoisLoyola University, Department of Natural Sciences Telephone No. WH 4-0800
Arnold, Lloyd L. II, Ph.D. Aging.Peters, Walter, S. J., Ph.D. Population.
Chicago 37, IllinoisUni versi ty of Chicago, Department of Zoology Telephone No. MI 3-0800, ext. 2707
Baker, William K., Ph.D. Professor. Position effect and developmental genetics.Bleiberg, Mona ~Miss). Undergraduate student. Pteridines in Drosophila.Boshes, Robert, B.A. Graduate student. Drosophila proteins.Cohen, Judith (Miss), M.S. Graduate student and Curator of Stocks. Position effect,Drosophila proteins.
Gersh, Eileen Sutton (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Associate. Cytogenetiss of melanogaste~Hartman, Antoinette (Mrs.), B.S. Behavioral genetics.Hubby, John L., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Proteins in Drosophila.Patton, Dorothy (Miss), B.S. Graduate student. Physiological genetics.Shearn, Allen. Undergraduate student. Pteridines in Drosophila.Sims, Maureen (Miss), B.A. Graduate student. Enzyme differences in Drosophila species.Spofford, Janice B. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Parental effects, populations.Swatek, John, B.S. Graduate student. Developmental genetics.Throckmorton, Lynn H. (Mr.), Ph.D. Instructor. Pteridine metabolism and proteindifferences in Drosophila, general Dipteran and Drosophila taxonomy.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 171
Cleveland, OhioFenn College. Department of Biology Telephone No. PR 1-0250
Clise, Ronald, Ph.D.DeMarinis, F., p;h.D.
Assistant Professor.Professor, Chairman.
Population genetics.Genic action.
Cleveland. OhioWestern Reserve Uni versi ty Telephone No. 2278
Mange, Elaine (Mrs.), M.S.Steinberg, Arthur G., Ph. D.
Abnormal segregations.Linkage.
Cold Spring Harbor. New YorkCarnegie Institution of Washington. Genetics Research Unit Telephone No. MY 2-6660
Area Code 516Buchanan, Jennie (Mrs. Paul). Curator of Stocks.
Columbus. OhioOhio State University, Departent of Zoology and Entomology Telephone No. 293-6945
Area Code 614Melanogaster: gene, chromosomeAubele, Sister M. Baptista, B.A. Graduate student.
studies affecting abnormal growths.Carlson, James H., M.S. Graduate student. Melanogaster: gene, chromosome substi-tution tests, wing venation.
House, Mar,lin (Mrs.), M.A. Research Associate. Melanogaster: genetic control ofwing development.
House, Verl L., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Melanogaster: gene interaction, environ-mental effects; development of venation.
Lutes, Charlene M. (Mrs.), M.S. Graduate student. Melanogaster: temperaturesensitive periods; wing venation.
Plaine, Henry L., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Melanogaster: gene action ofsuppressor-erupt and suppressor-tumor systems.
Corvallis, OregonOregon State Uni versi ty. Department of Zoology Telephone No. PL 2-4211, ext. 1228
Heath, Gloria (Mrs.), B.S. Research Assistant.Mohler, J. D., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Action of polygenes.Neeley, John C., B.S. Graduate student. Genetics of triploids.Thompson, Steven R., B.S. Graduate student. Irradiation effects.
Davis, CaliforniaUniversity of California, Department of Genetics Telephone No. SK 3-4011, ext. 692
Bowman, J. T., B.S. Graduate student. Chemical mutagenesis.Eggert, J., B.S. Laboratory technician.Fraser, A. S., Ph.D. Visiting Professor. Population genetics,Geer, B. W., M.S. Graduate student. Drosophila nutrition.Green, M. M., Ph.D. Professor.
"genetic leakage."
DeKalb, IllinoisNorthern Illinois University, Department ofBiological Sciences. Biology Research Building.624 Lucinda Avenue
Telephone No. 2~J441Dr. Bennett, ext. 370Dr. Mittler, ext. 412
Baron, Marion S., B.S. Graduate student. Populations.Hampel, Arnold. Undergraduate Research Participant (N. S. F.). Radiation.McCulloch, William, B.S. Graduate student. Radiation.Mittler, Sidney, Ph.D. Professor. Radiation.Reinhardt, Kenneth. Undergraduate Research Participant (N. S. F.). Radiation.Ridigner, Jean. Undergraduate Research Participant (N. S. F.). Radiation.Zitnik, JoAnne. Undergraduate Research Participant (N. S. F.). Radiation.
37: 172 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Science Building. Normal Road, Telephone No. 6-)41, ext. 370Bennett, Jack, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Comparative populations, selection.Bennett, Katherine W. (Mrs.), B.S. Research Assistant. Cytogenetics.Landy, Ronald, B.S. Graduate student. Natural population.Saichek, Jack, B.S. Graduate student. Imigrans population.Wei, Irene. Undergraduate Research Participant (N. S. F.). Insecticide resistance.WU, Ching Kuei, B.S., M.S. Research Assistant. Selection.
Detroi t. MichiganWayne State University. Department of Biology Telephone No. TE 3-1400, ext. 533
Arnold, William J., Ph.D. Assistant Professor.DeForest, David M., Ph.D. Associate Professor.Mayeda, K., Ph.D'. Assistant Professor.
Duarte, CaliforniaCi ty of Hope, Department of Biology
Brawley, Mary Ann (Miss). Laboratory Assistant.Dutro, Barbara (Miss). Research Technician.Gugler, H. D. Research Techncian.Kaplan, W. D., Ph.D. Senior Research Geneticist. Mutagenic action of radioactiveDNA precursors, cytology.
Kidd, K. K. Student. Research Technician Trainee.Seecof, R., Ph.D. Assistant Research Geneticist. C02 sensitivity.
Telephone No. EL 9-8111
Durham. North CarolinaDuke Uni versi ty. Department of Zoology Telephone No. 681-0111, ext. 3270
Burnam, Deborah (Miss). N. S. F. Predoctoral Fellow.Ward, Calvin L., Ph.D. Associate Professor.
East Lansing. MichiganMichigan State Uni versi ty. Department of BiochemistrY Telephone No. 355-1609
Fox, Allen S., Ph.D. Professor.Fuchs, Morton S.,M.S. Graduate Research Assistant.Kan, James L., Ph.D. N. I. H. Postdoctoral Fellow.Kang, Suk Hee, B.S. Graduate Research Assistant.Kapoor, Manju, Ph.D. Research Associate.Parzen, Sheldon D., B.S. Graduate Research Assistant.Poper, Carole, B. S. Gradua te Assistant.Sachar, Kanta, Ph.D. Research Associate.Yoon, Sei Byng, Ph.D. Research Associate.
East Lansing. MichiganMichigan State Uni versi ty. Department of Zoology Telephone No. 355-0482
Belding, Michael. N. S. F. Research Participant. Abnormal ratios.Greenberg, Robert. N. S. F. Research Participant. Abnormal ratios.Myszewski, Michael E., M.S. N. S. F. Predoctoral Fellow. Fertilization.Trosko, James E., M.S. N. D. E. A. Predoctoral Fellow. Radiation effects.Yanders, Armon F., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Radiation effects; mutagensis;
fertilization.
Elporia, KansasKansas State Teachers College, Telephone No. DI 2-5000, ext. 283Department of Biology
Dickerman, Richard C., Ph.D. Dominant lethals; radiation genetics.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 173
Eugene, OregonDepartment of Biology Telephone No. DI 2-1411, ext. 1425
Armstrong, Mabel (Mrs.), M.S. Research Fellow. Biochemical analysis of non-autonomouslethals. .Barkley, Judith (Miss). Graduate studentClancy, C. W., Ph. D. Professor. Developmental genetics.Clancy, Eleanor B. (Mrs.), M.A. Research Fellow. Developmental genetics.Dorsey, Ronald, B.A. Graduate student. Computer programing.Ehrlich, Elizabeth (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant. Characteristics of sex-linked
lethals.Erickson, John, M.S. Danforth Fellow. Meiotic drive.Farhang, Manutcheher. Helper.Gfeller, Sister Marion David, S. N. J. M., M.S. Graduate student.Gonigam, Peter. Helper.Heinsoo, Maili (Miss), M.A. Research Fellow. Biochemical analysis of non-autonomous
lethals.Hendrix, Nina (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant.Hicks, LeRose M. (Miss). Graduate student. /Johnson, Roger, B.S. Graduate student. Sex~linked non-autonomous lethals.Kato, Mikio, M.D. Research Associate. Biochemical genetics.Kato, Yoshiko Yasumi (Mrs.). Graduate student.Landenberger, Mary Helen (Mrs.), B. S. Research Assistant.McCloskey, James, B.A. Graduate student. Sperm lethality in D. melanogaster.McKerlich, Gail (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant.Mickel, Susan (Miss). Computer programming.Novitski, Edward, Ph.D. Professor. Chromosome mechanics; physiological genetics.Peacock, James, Ph.D. C. S. I. R. O. Postdoctoral Fellow. Chromosome behavior.Wheeler, Ray, B.S. Research Assistant.
Evanston, IllinoisNorthwestern Uni versi ty Telephone No. UN 4-1900, ext. 652
Aggarwal, Surinder K., Ph.D. Research Associate. Melanogaster, vitellogenesis.Brown, Edward H., B.A. N. I. H. Predoctoral Fellow. Melanogaster, sex determina-
tion and differentiation.Butterworth, Francis M., B.A. N. I. H. Predoctoral Fellow. Melanogaster, cyto-
chemistry and ultrastructure of the fat body.Falk, Gretchen J., B.A. Graduate student. Autoradiography of melanogaster oocytes.Green, Diane L., B.S. Graduate student. Melanogaster, morphology of nw ovary.King, Robert C., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Melanogaster, ocgenesis.Koch, Elizabeth A., B.S. N. I. H. Predoctoral Fellow. Melanogaster, ultrastructure
of ovarian follicle cells.Mills, Richard P. Undergradua te. Willistoni, ovarian ultrastructure.Pakeltis, Helen, B.S. Curator of stocks.Smith, Patficia A., B.S. Graduate student. Melanogaster, morphology of fu ovary.
Fayetteville, ArkansasUni versi ty of Arkansas, Department of Zoology Telephone No. HI 2-2361, ext. 368
Bryarski, Teresa (Miss). Undergraduate. Research Assistant. Radiation genetics.Clayton, Frances E. (Miss), Ph.D. Professor. Radiation genetics.Halpern, Lynda S. (Mrs.), B.S. Graduate student. Radiation genetics,
Gainesville, FloridaUniversity of Florida, Department of Biology Telephone No. FR 6-3261, ext. 2118
Kirschbaum, Werner. Laboratory Assistant.Wallbrunn, Henry M., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Mutation rates.
Harrisonburg, VirginiaEastern Mennonite College, Department of Biology
Jacobs, M.E., Ph.D. Professor. Melanism.
37: 174 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Hiram, OhioHiram College, Department of Biology Telephone No. LO 9-3211, ext. 26
Friedan, Lawrence D., Ph.D. Assistant' Professor. General genetics.
Houston, TexasTexas Medical Center, Inc., Genetics Laboratory Telephone No. JA 3-9331
Altenburg, Edgar, Ph.D. Drosophila genetics.Brownng, Luolin S. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Drosophila genetics.
Iowa City, IowaUniversity of Iowa, Department of Biology
Ao, Meng-Sheng, B.A. Research Assistant.Brosseau, George E Jr., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Genetics of the Y chromosome,
melanogaster.Gilmore, Gretchen (Mrs.). Technical Assistant.LeVier, Robert L., B.A. Research Assistant.
Ithaca, New YorkCornell Uni versi ty, Department of Plant Breeding Telephone No. AR 5-3235
Baumann, James L. Teaching Assistant.Everett, Herbert L., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Genetics.Gutenmann, Hilda (Mrs.). Research Assistant.Jones, Barbara (Miss). Teaching Assistant.Puhalla, John E. Teaching Assistant.Risius, Marvin L. Teaching Assistant.Schafrik, Carol (Miss). Teaching Assistant.Silberman, June (Mrs.). Research Assistant.Stinson, Harry, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Genetics.Vanoucek, Edwin G. Graduate Research Assistant.Wallace, Bruce, Ph.D. Professor of Genetics.
Johnson City, TennesseeEast Tennessee State College, Department of Biology Telephone No. WA 6-9551
Armentrout, Herbert. Graduate student.Blanton, M. Van. Graduate student.Burger, Alvin L. Graduate student.Nix, James R. Graduate student.Stevenson, Richard, M.A. Professor. Population genetics, ecology; speciation.
Lafayette, IndianaPurdue University, Department of Biological Sciences Telephone No. 92-3521 or
92-3522Abbadessa, Rosanne (Miss), B.S. Research Assistant. Melanogaster, wing development.Acker, Mar, (Miss), B.S. Teaching Assistant. Mutation.Banta, Kay (Mrs.). TechnicianBendbow, Evelyn Barbour (Mrs.), M.S.Bunch, Anne (Mrs.). Technician.Burdick, Allan B., Ph.D. Professor.
quanti ta ti ve inheritance.Checchi, A. C., B.S. David Ross Fellow. Chemical mutagenesis.Pullar, Sarah F. (Miss), B.S. Graduate assistant. Mutation.Seiger, M. B., Ph.D. Visiting Assistant Professor. Melanogaster, quantitative
inheri tance.Shapiro, N., M.S. David Ross Fellow. Radiation genetics.Tano, S., M.S. Research Assistant. Melanogaster, lethals.Telinde, H. D., B.S. Teaching Assistant. Lethals.Watson, J. E., B.S. Research Assistant. Crossing over.White, R. H., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Mosquito, development.
Curator of stocks and Chief Laboratory Technician.
Melanogaster, gene structure and function,
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 175
Lafayette, IndianaPurdue Uni versi ty, Population Genetics Institute Telephone No. 92-4890
Bell, A. E., Ph.D. Professor. Population genetics, selection, G x E interactions.Bhat, P. N., M.S.i Graduate Assistant. Population genetics.Englert, D. C., M.S. Graduate Fellow. Population genetics.Krause, Eliot, B.S. Graduate Assistant. Developmental genetics.Shideler, Doris (Mrs.). Research Assistant. Population genetics.Yamada, Yukio, Ph.D. Visiting Professor. Population genetics, G x E interactions.
LeMrs, IowaWestmar College, Department of Biology Telephone No. ext. 09
Divelbiss, James E., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Red eye pigments, complex loci.
Lexington, KentuckyUni versi ty of Kentucky, Department of Zoology Telephone No. 2-2200, ext. 3900
Pani tz, Eric. Gradua te student.Semp, Bernard A. Research Assistant.Talmage, Sylvia E. (Mrs.) Graduate student.Tjan Kiauw Nio (Miss). Graduate student.
Lincoln, NebraskaUniversi ty of Nebraska, Department of Zoologyand Physiology
Telephone No. 432-7631, ext. 3J73
Herforth, Robert, B.A.Miller, Dwght D., Ph.D.Roy, Reena (Mrs.), B.A.,Sulerud, Ralph L., B.A.,
Graduate student. CO2 sensitivity.Professor. D. affinis subgp.
M.S. Graduate student. D. affinis subgp.M.S. Graduate student. CO2 sensitivity.
Logan, UtahUtah State University, Department of Zoology Telephone No. SK 2-4100, ext. 437
Barber, Richard T., B.S. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: development of headabnorrali ties.
Ðdwards, James W., M.S. N. D. E. A. Fellow. Melanogaster: eye mutations.Gardner, Eldon J., Ph.D. Professor. Melanogaster: mutants of the head region.Graff, G. I., B.S. Graduate student. Melanogaster: biochemical genetics.Hansen, Afton M., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Melanogaster: eye mutants. (Locatedduring school year at Snow College, Ephraim, Utah.)
Hawkes, N. Roger, B.S. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: influence of nutrientsand drugs on head abnormalities.
Johnson, George R., M.A. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: population studies ongenes related to maternal effects.
Mulkay, Lewis, M.S. Research Assistant. Melanogaster: histology and cytology ofdevelopmental stages.
Simons, John R., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Melanogaster: biochemical genetics.
Los AngelesUniversity of California at Los Angeles,Department of Zoology
Telephone No. GR 8-9711, ext. 3798
Anderson, Alan, B.Sc. Graduate student.Carlson, Elof A., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. The dumpy locus; comparative mutagenesis.Corwn, Harry, B.A. Graduate student.Frye, Sara H., Ph.D. Research Associate. Genetic analysis of the yellow region.Hawkins, Evelyn. Technical Assistant.Hendrickson, Robert, B.A. Graduate student.Sederoff, Ronald, B.A. Graduate student.Southin, John, M.A. Graduate student. Jane Selby Jacobson Fellow.
37: 176 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Marietta, OhioMarietta College, Department of Biology Telephone No. 373-4643
Brown, William P., Ph.D. Population genetics.
Minneapolis, Minnesota (see also st. Paul)University of Minnesota, Department of Zoology Telephone No. 373-3645
Merrell, David J., Ph.D. Population genetics.
Moscow, IdahoUniversity of Idaho, Department of Biological Sciences
Forbes, Clifford, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Nondisjunction; radiation genetics.
Newark 2, New JerseyRutgers University, Department of Zoology (Arts and Sciences) Telephone No. MI 3-1766
Anderson, James D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Evolution.Grodis, Joseph. Undergraduate Assistant. Radiation and longevity.McDowell, Samuel B., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Systematics and taxonomy.O'Neal, Leona. Technical Assistant.Sonnenblick, B. P., Ph.D. Professor, radiation effects.
New Brunswick, New JerseyRutgers University, Department of Zoology Telephone No. 8-304
Nash, Donald J., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Quantitative and population genetics.Schimpff, Stephen. Undergraduate research fellow.
New Haven, ConnecticutAlbertus Magnus College, Department of Biology Telephone No. ST 7-1196
Cullen, Sister Mary Urban, O. P., Ph.D. Developmental genetics.
New Haven, ConnecticutYale University, Department of Biology Telephone No. ST 7-3131, ext. 2687, 2480
Counce, Sheila J. (Mrs. R. Bruce Nicklas), Ph.D. Research Associate. Developmentalgenetics, experimental embr,ology.
Courtright, James. Undergraduate. Developmental genetics.de la Paz, Justo, Ph.D. N. S. F. Postdoctoral Fellow. Insect development.Doane, Winifred W. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Associate. Developmental genetics, insect
physiology .Fink, G. R., B.A. N. I. H. Predoctoral Trainee. Hereditary infection.Gill, Kulbir Singh, Ph.D. N. I. H. Postdoctoral Trainee. Developmental genetics.Grabicki, Eugenia (Mrs.). Curàtor of Stocks and Techncian.Hadler, Norton. Undergraduate. Population genetics of phototaxes.Hartman, Nancy M. (Miss), B.A. Assistant in Research.Kaji, S., Dr. N. I. H. Postdoctoral Trainee. Physiological genetics. (On leave
from Biology Laborator,, Konan University, Okamoto, Kobe.)Leventhal, Elaine (Mrs.), M.S. N. 1. H. Predoctoral Trainee.
Developmental geneticsand cytology.
Mills, Richard P. Undergraduate. Developmental genetics, heritable infections.Nicklas, R. Bruce, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Cytology of Diptera.Passano, Kari Nordback (Mrs.), Cando Real. Guest.Poulson, D. B., B.A. Technical Assistant.Poulson, D. F., Ph.D. Professor. Physiological and developmental genetics, heridi tar,
infection.Rosner, J. L., B.S. N. S. F. Predoctoral Fellow. Microbial genetics.Schneider, Imogene (Miss), Ph.D. Research Associate. Position effect, tissue culture.Williamson, D. L., Ph.D. N. I. H. Postdoctoral Trainee. C02-sensitivity, heriditary
inf ecti ons .
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 177
New York 27, New YorkColumbia Uni versi ty, Department of Zoology
Ayala, Francis (Mr.). Graduate student. Relative fitness of natural populations.Carmody, George. Graduate student. D. equinoxialis and D. paulistoru.Kessler, Seymour. Graduate student. Reproductive isolating mechanisms. Behavioral
isolation.Levene, Howard. Professor. Population genetics. Mathematical genetics. Human
genetics.Levine, Louis, Ph.D. Research Associate. Psuedoobscura: laboratory populations.
Heterosis.Malogolowkin, Chana, Ph.D. (Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Universidade do :Brasil.)Adjunct Associate Professor. D. paulistorum incipient species. Cyoplasmic~bnormal sex-ratio in Drosophila.
Mishara, Joan (Mrs.). Graduate stuaent. Population genetics.Poli vanov, Sergei. Gradua te student. Popula tion genetics.Simons, Angela, Ph.D. Research Associate. Genetic drift.Sankaranarayanan, Krishna (Mr.). Graduate student. (Annamalai University, India.)
Radiation effects. in Drosophila.Weisbrot, David. Graduate student. Genetic differences between sibling species.
New York, New YorkHunter College, Department of Biological Sciences
Hamond, Dorothy D. (Mrs.), Ph.D. Developmental genetics.
New York, New YorkQueens College, Department of Biology Telephone No. IN 1-5113
Kaplan, Martin, Ph.D. Drosophila tumors.Marien, Daniel, Ph.D. Population genetics.Wasserman, Marvin, Ph.D. Cytogenetics, population genetics.
New York 21, Ne-¡ YorkThe Rockefeller Institute
Dobzhansky, Th. Professor. Population genetics: pseudoobscura, persimilis,willistoni, and other species.
Ehrmn, Lee, Ph.D. Research Associate. Population genetics, reproductive isolatingmechanisms: paulistoru.
Fristrom, J. W. Graduate student. Developmental genetics.Mourad, Abd el-Khalek, Ph.D. Guest Investigator. (Universi ty of Alexandria, Egyt.)
Population and radiation genetics: pseudoobscura.Pavlovsky, Olga. Research Associate. Population genetics, genetic loads~Tidwell, Thomas. Graduate student. Developmental genetics.'
New York, New YorkSt. John's University. Graduate School,Department of Biology
Telephone No. JA 6- 3700
Fuscaldo, Kathry E. (Miss), Ph.D. Assistant Professor.Idec, Maxine (Miss), B.S. Graduate Research Assistant.
Biochemical genetics.Biochemical genetics.
Notre Dame, IndianaUniversity of Notre Dame, Department of Biology Telephone No. CE 4-9011, ext. 212
Bender, Harvey A., Pn.D. Assistant Professor. Physiological and developmental genetics.Klingele, Mary Borgia (Sr.), M.S. Graduate student.Moskwnski, Theresa (Miss). Curator of stocks, Technician.
Oak Ridge, TennesseeOak Ridge National Laboratory, P. O. Box Y
Seto, Frank, Ph.D. Developmental genetics.
37: 178 Directory - Geographical DIS 37
Oak Ridge, TennesseeOak Ridge National Laboratory, Biology Division Telephone No. 7-8575
Davis, Gale, M.A. Chromosome behavior.Grell, E. H., Ph.D. Chromosome behavior and biochemical genetics.Grell, Rhoda F., Ph.D. Chromosome behavior.Lindsley, Dan L, Ph.D. Chromosome behavior and radiation genetics.Mead, Charles, Ph.D. Biochemstry of Drosophila nucleic acids.Pratt, Guthrie T. (Mrs.), M.S. Research assistant.Ratty, F.' J., Ph. D. Radiation genetic s . (On sa bba tical leave from San Di ego State
College until December, 1962..)Rinehart, Robert R., Ph.D. Radiation genetics.Roberts, Paul A., Ph.D. Chromosome behavior, developmental genetics.Scandlyn, Bobbie J. (Miss), B.S. Research assistant.Valencia, Ruby Marie, Ph.D. Radiation genetics. (On leave from Atomic EnergyCommssion, Buenos Aires, Argentina, until June, 1964.)
Von Borstel, R. C., Ph.D. Radiation genetics.Von Halle, Elizebeth S. (Mrs.), B.A. Research consultant.Welshons, William J., Ph.D. Pseudoallelism.Wilkerson, Ruby D. (Mrs.) Curator of stocks.Wolff, Sheldon, Ph.D. Radiation genetics.
Oxford, OhioMiam Uni versi ty, Department of Zoology
Day, John, B.A. Research Assistant.Gregg, Thomas G., Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Cytogenetics, radiation genetics.
Pasadena, CaliforniaCaliforna Institute of Technology, Division of Biology Telephone No. SY 5-6841
Del Campo, Gladys, B.S. Research Assistant.Lewis, E. B., Ph.D. Professor.Mitchell, Annamarie (Mrs.), Dipl. Lab.Mitchell, H. K., Ph.D. Professor.Mora, Sergio, M.S. Curator of Stocks.Sturtevant, A. H., Ph.D. Professor.
Philadelphia , PennsylvaniaInstitute for Cancer Research,Department of Chemotherapy
Balaban, Gloria (Mrs.), M.A. Research Assistant. Cyology of somatic chromosomes.Binnrd, Rosemarie (Mrs.). Technical Aide. Cyology of somatic chromosomes.Boston, Mary J. (Mrs.) Laboratory Helper.Carlson, Elof A., Ph.D. Consultant. (Permanent address: Department of Zoology,Uni versi ty of California, Los Angeles, California.)
Clash, Ruth (Mrs.). Laboratory Helper.Hauser, Anna T. (Mrs.) Technical Aide.Holler, Alice (Mrs.). Laboratory Helper.Massimillo, Lorraine (Mrs.). Laboratory Helper.Musselman, Alyce (Miss). Laboratory Helper.Oster, Irwn I., Ph.D. Assistant Member. Head of Mutagenesis Unit.Pooley, Edna H. (Mrs.) Technician. Analysis of mosaically-expressed mutations.Schwarz, Rose (Miss). Technician: Curator of Stocks.Sobels, Frederick H., Ph.D. Consultant. (Permanent address: Department of Radiation
Genetics, Uni versi ty of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands.)Sole, Mary Ruth (Mrs.), B.A. Technician. Construction of new genetic stocks.Stein, Marilyn (Miss). Technical Aide.Traut, Horst, Ph.D. Visiting Research Associate. Radiation-dosage relationships
for induced mutations. (Permnent address: The Institute of Radiation Biologyof The Nuclear Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany.)
Telephone No. FI 2-1000, ext. 288
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 179
Philadelphia 11. PennsylvaniaInstitute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase,
Genetics and CyochemistEYTelephone No. FI 2-1000, ext. 281
Ashton, Francis, Ph.D. Research Associate.Inglis, Sarah P. (Mrs.), B.A. Technician.Kemrer, Meade F., A. B. Techncian.Meloni, MaryLou (Mrs.). Technician.Refield, Helen (Mrs. Jack Schultz), Ph.D. Research Associate.Rudkin, George T., Ph.D. Associate Member.Schultz, Jack, Ph.D. Head of Department.Travaglini, Elizabeth C., M.A. Research Assistant.
Philadelphia 22. PennsylvaniaTemple TIni versi ty. Department of Biology Telephone No. CE 6-4000, ext. 627
Arking, Robert, B.S. Graduate student. Developmental genetics.Barbour, Stephen. Undergraduate. Biochemical genetics.Hillmn, Ralph, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Developmental and physiological genetics.
Philadelphia 29 , PennsylvaniaWoman' s Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Department of AnatomyTelephone No. ~15 VI 4-1522, ex. 424
Bailey, Henr,. Assistant.Campbell, Richard. Assistant.Cavis, Robert. Assistant.Levitan, Max, Ph.D. Professor. Population genetics; spontaneous chromosome aberrations.Schiller, Ruth (Miss), B.A. Research Assistant.White, Susan (Mrs.). Technical Assistant.
Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaUniversity of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences Telephone No. 286
Carver, James E., Jr., M.S. Graduate student. Research Assistant. Lethals inmelanogaster populations.
Gottlieb, Frederick Jay, Ph.D. Instructor in Zoology. Developmental genetics,bristle mutants in melanogaster.
Langer, Bozena (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Associate. Mating propensity, persimlis.Parr, Siddy (Mrs.), B.S. Graduate student. N. S. F. Cooperative Fellow. Mating
speed in persimilis.Spiess, Eliot B., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Population genetics.Spiess, Luretta D., Ph.D. Research Associate. Population genetics.Vallance, Janet, B. Sc . Graduate student. Developmental genetics, melanogaster.
Providence, Rhode IslandBrow Uni versi ty. Department of Biology Telephone No. UN 1-2900, ext. 54
Forbes, Edward K., B.A. Research Assistant.Smith, Pamela H. (Mrs.), B.A. Research Assistant.Walsh, Maureen (Miss). Preparator.White, Austin. Preparator.Zimering, S., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Chromosome mechanics; radiation.
Pullmn. WashingtonWashington State University. Department of Zoology Telephone No. La 7-1426
Decker, R. H., Jr. Undergraduate Research Participant.Moree, Ray, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Population genetics.Wermth, A. F., Jr. Undergraduate Research Participant..
37: 180 Directory - Geographical Drs 37
Raleigh, North CarolinaNorth Carolina State College,Department of Genetics
Brown, J. C. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.Council, S. B. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.
Dyson, J. G. (Mrs.), M.S. Graduate student.Frahm, R. R., B.S. Graduate student.Kojima, Ken-ichi, Ph.D. Theoretical population genetics; quantitative genetics.Mettler, Lawrence E., Ph.D. Exerimental population genetics.Nagle, J. J., B.S. Graduate student. .Plowman, C. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.Richardson, R. H., M.S. Graduate student.Schaffer, H. E., M.S. Graduate student.Willson, A. J. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.Wing, M. S. (Mrs.) Research Assistant.
T,elephone No. TE 4- 5211, ext. 543
Richmond, VirginiaMedical College of Virginia,
Department of Biology and GeneticsTelephone No. MI 4-9851, ext. 210
Bridges, Elizabeth P. (Miss), B.S. Research Assistant.Hughes, Roscoe D., Ph.D. Professor. Cytogenetics.Johnson, Mary B. (Mrs. R. 'D.) Research Assistant.Townsend, J. Ives, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Population genetics; marginal
populations."W, James E. Undergraduate Research Assistant.
Ridgefield, ConnecticutNew England Institute for Medical Research Telephone No. 438-6591
Freeborn, John. Technical Assistant.Mickey, George H., Ph.D. Cyogeneticist. Mutations.Murray, Kathleen, B.A. Research Assistant.Sondhi, K. C., Ph. D. Geneticist. Developmental and quanti ta ti ve genetics.Sondhi, Gunthild (Mrs.). Research Assistant.
Riverside, CaliforniaUni versi ty of California,Department of Entomology
Telephone No. OV 4-2210, ext. 361
Shorey, H. H., Ph.D. Drosophila mating behavior.
."Riverside, CaliforniaUni versi ty of California,
Department of Life SciencesTelephone No. OV 4-2210, ext. 441
McFarlane, Joan (Mrs.), B.S. Chief Technician.Parker, Dean, Ph.D. Radiation effects.Prout, Timothy, Ph.D. Population genetics.Spieth, Herman, Ph. D. Ma ting behavior.
Rochester, MichiganMichigan State University Oakland, Department of Life Science
Lewis, Helen S.Lewis, Hermn W.
Research Associate. Biochemical genetics.Associate Professor. Biochemical genetics.
st. Louis 4, MissouriSaint Louis Uni versi ty, Department of Biology Telephone No. TO 5-2288, ext. 450
Bakula, Marion Ann (Miss), B.S. Graduate student and Research Assistant.Boudreau, Clara (Mrs.). Research As sistant.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 181
Caster, John, B.S. Graduate student and Research Assistant.Herskowitz, Irwn H., Ph.D. Professor. (Address beginnng September, 1963:
Department of ~iological Sciences, Hunter College, City Uni versi ty of New York,69.5 Park Avenue, New York 21.)
Johnson, Artis. Preparator and Technical Assistant.Lacy, Mother Stanislaus, A.B., M.A. Graduate student and Research Assistant.Murgola, Emanuel J., S. J., B.S. Graduate student and Research Assistant.Norton, Isabel L. (Miss), A.B., B.S. Graduate student and Research Assistant.
st. Louis, MissouriWashington Uni versi ty, Department of Zoology Telephone No. va 3-0100, sta. 4365
Ambuel, Louise (Miss), M.S.Carson, Hampton L., Ph.D.
parthenogenesis.Hiatt, Vivian S. (Mrs.), B.A. Graduate student. Cyogenetics of Mycodrosophila.Kanevsky, Josephine (Miss). Research Assistant.Prakash, Satya, M.Sc. Graduate student. Cyogenetics of D. robusta.Stalker, Harrison D., Ph.D. Melanica group; population cytology and phylogeny.Steiner, Christine (Miss), B.S. Research Assistant.
Graduate student. Cyology of parthenogenesis.Professor. Exerimental populations and selection for
St. Paul, MinnesotaUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Animal Husbandry Telephone No. 647-3386
Comstock, Ralph E., Ph.D. Population genetics.Moyer, Samuel E., M.S. Population genetics.
Salt Lake City, UtahUniversity of Utah, Department of Genetics Telephone No. 322-7127
Hanks, George D., Ph.D. Population genetics; meiotic drive.Hochmn, Benjamin, Ph.D. Population genetics; isoalleles, lethals.Lipe, June F. (Mrs.), B.F.A. Research Assistant.Mikesell, Wilma (Mrs.), B.S. Research Assistant.Prows, Ronald, B.S. Technician.Stowell, Barbara M. Undergraduate Assistant.Wiser, Wilmer C., M.S. Graduate student.
San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego State College, Department of Zoology
Ratty, Frank J., Ph.D. Radiation genetics.
Seattle, WashingtonUniversity of Washington, Department of Genetics Telephone No. 543-1622 ..-
Merriam, John Roger, B.S. Graduate student.Piternick, Leonie Kellen (Mrs.), Ph.D. Research Geneticist.Rosenfeld, Averil (Mrs.), B.S. Research Technician.Sandler, L., Ph.D. Associate Professor.
Storrs, ConnecticutUniversity of Connecticut, Department of Genetics Telephone No. GA 9-9321, ex. 137
Chovnick, Arthur, Ph.D. Professor and Department Head. Gene structure, gene function,development. .
Gellert, Heidemarie (Miss). Research Assistant.Gonnella, Victoria M. (Miss), M.S. Graduate Assistant, graduate student. Biochemical
genetics.Johnston, Florence (Mrs.). Technical Assistant.Kernghan, R. Peter, M.S. Research Assistant, graduate student. Biochemcal genetics.Krauss, Marian (Miss), B.S. Research Assistant.
37: 182 Director, - Geographical DIS 37
Klock, Nancy (Mrs.), B.S. Research Assistant.Schalet, Abraham, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Mutation, gene structure.Schwinck, ilse, Dr. rer nat. Assistant Professor. Biochemical and developmental
genetics.
Syacuse 10 New YorkSyracuse Uni versi ty, Department of Zoology Telephone No. GR. 6~55ai, ext. 2159
Druger, Marvin, Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Population genetics.Kyrk, John, B.A. Graduate student. Mechanism of heat effects.Milkmn, Roger D., Ph.D. Associate Professor. Polygenes and heat effects.Mullen, Pauline, B.A. Research Assistant.
Division of Science TeachingCollette, Alfred T., Ph.D. Professor. Virilis.
Tallahassee, FloridaFlorida state University, Department of Biological Sciences Telephone No. 2510
Edington, Charles W., Ph.D. Radiation genetics.
Epler, James L., M.S. Radiation and chemical mutagenesis.Williams, B. J., B.S. Radiation genetics.
Tucson, ArizonaUni versi ty of Arizona, Department of Zoology
Conner, George, M. S . Mormoniella genetic s .Cooper, Joy (Mrs.), B.A. Speciation.Heed, William, Ph.D. Ecological genetics, speciation.Russell, Jean (Mrs.), B.A. Cyogenetics.
Uni versi ty, AlabamaUniversity of Alabama, Department of Biology Telephone No. ext. 421
Guest, William C., Ph.D. Cyogenetics.
Urbana, illinoisUni versi ty of illinois, Department of Psychology
Herbert, Ralph. N. D~ E. A. Fellow. Behavior genetics.Hirsch, Jerry, Ph.D. Associate Professor. Behavior genetics.Hostetter, Roy C. Research Assistant. Behavior genetics.
Telephone No. 333-0373
Urbana, illinoisUni versi ty of illinois! Department of Zoology
Belkin, Harold H., M.Ed. Gráduate student. Radiation genetics.Hubert, Charles, M.S. Graduate student. Curator of stocks. Developmental genetfcs.Luce, Wilbur M., Ph.D. Professor. Bar series; effect of environmental agents,radiation effects, effect of chemicals, physiological genetics, developmentalgenetics.
Rayle, Richard; B.S. Graduate student. Physiological genetics.Verhey, Catherine (Mrs.), B.S. Graduate student. Physiological genetics.
Waltham, MassachusettsBrandeis Uni versi ty, Department of Biology Telephone No. 219
Gaffney, Christine.Petriceks, Rita, B.S.Schurin, Miriam F., Ph.D. DNA and ribosomes of Drosophila.Stum, Elisabeth, Ph.D. Ribosomes of Drosophila.
January 1963 Directory - Geographical 37: 183
Washington. D. C.National Science Foundation, Genetic Biology Program Telephone No. ST 3-2140
Lews, Herman W., Ph.D. Biochemical genetics. In charge of U.S. petty cash.Wolff, Mary L., M.A. Chromosome behavior.
Wellesley 81, MassachusettsWellesley College. Department of Zoology Telephone No. 235-0320, ext. 464
and Physiology
Bull, Alice Louise (Miss), Ph.D. Assistant Professor. Developmental genetics.Wilson, Louise Palmer (Mrs.), Ph.D. Professor. Melanogaster: physiology of growth;
emphasis on tumors.
Woodstock, MarylandWoodstock College
Baumller, Robert C., S. J., Ph.D. Radiation genetics; CO2 sensitivity.Lesseps, Roland J., S. J., Ph.D. Imginal discs; developmental genetics.Mahowald, Anthony P., S. J., Ph.D. Electron microscopy of oogenesis, early embryo-
genesis and embryonic lethals.
Abbadessa, R. ,Lafayette, Indianaîbro, A. Norwy, BergenAcker, M. Lafayette, IndianaAder, J. K. Ann Arbor, MichiganAfifi, E. M. U. A. R., AlexandriaAggarwal, S. K. Evanston, IllinoisAlcobé, S. Spain, BarcelonaAlderson, T. Great Britain, CambridgeAlevisos, V. Greece, AthensAlexander, M. L. Austin, TexasAllan, J. Grea t Britain, EdinburghAllen, A. C. Austin, TexasAltenburg, E. Houston, TexasAltmann, J. Switzerland, ZürichAmbuel, L. st. Louis, MissouriAnderson, A. Los Angeles, CaliforniaAnderson, B. Denmark, CopenhagenAnderson, T. D. Newark, New JerseyAndruvian, C. France, Clermont-FerraudAngus, D. Australia, BrisbaneAo, M-S. Iowa City, IowaApitzsch, U. Germany, KarlsruheArabia, L. Italy, RomeArking, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaArmentrout, H. Johnson City, TennesseeArmstrong, M. Eugene, OregonArnold, L. L. Chicago, IllinoisArnold, W. J. Detroit, MichiganAshton, F. Philadelphia , PennsylvaniaAubele, Sister M. Columbus, ,OhioAuerbach, C. A. Great Britain, EdinburghAyala, F. New York, N. Y.
DIRCTORY
Alpha betical
Bailey, H. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaBairati, A. Italy, MilanBaker, E. P. Australia, SydneyBaker, S. Israel, JerusalemBaker, W. K. Chicago, IllinoisBakula, M. A. St. Louis, MissouriBalaban, G. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaBand, H. T. Canada, Vancouver, B. C.
Banta, K. Lafayette, IndianaBarak, E. Israel, JerusalemBarber, R. T. Logan, UtahBarbour, S. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaBarigozzi, C. Italy, MilanBarker, J. F. Nigeria, IbadanBarker, J. S. F. Australia, SydneyBarkley, J. Eugene, OregonBaron, M. S. DeKalb, IllinoisBartelt, J. Germany, Berlin-DahlemBasden, E. B. Great Britain, EdinburghBasile, R. Brazil, São PauloBateman, A. Great Britain, ManchesterBatten, J ~ H. Great Britain, CambridgeBaudoin, J. France, Clermont-FerraudBaumann, J. l.. Ithaca, New YorkBaumiller, R. C., S.J. Woodstock, MarylandBeardmore, J. A. Netherlands, HarenBeaulaton, A. France, Clermont-FerraudBecker, G. L. Germany, MarburgjLahnBecker, H. J. Germany, Marburg/LahnBeermann, W. Germany, TübingenBegg, M. Great Britain, AberdeenBelding, M. East Lansing, Michigan
37:184 Directory - Alphabetical DIS 37
Belitz, H. J. Germany, Berlin-DahlemBelkin, H. H. Urbana, IllinoisBell, A. E. Lafayette, IndianaBencivenga, L. Italy, NaplesBendbow, E. B. Lafayette, IndianaBender, E. Germny, Berlin-BuchBender, H. A. Notre Dame, IndianaBennett, J. DeKalb, IllinoisBennett, K. W. DeKalb, IllinoisBen-Zeev, N. Israel, JerusalemBerendes, H. D. Netherlands, LeidenBergerard, J. France, Gif-sur-YvetteBernrd, J. France, Gif-sur-YvetteBhat, P. N. Lafayette, IndianaBick, D. Australia, HobartBinnard, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaBlanc, J. . France, Clermont-FerraudBlanton, M. V. J ohnson City, TennesseeBleiberg, M. Chicago, IllinoisBlount, J. L. Alliance, OhioBoam, T. B. Great Britain, SheffieldBochnig, V. Germny, Berlin-DahlemBodenstein, D. Charlottesville, VirginiaBook, J. New York, N. Y.Boshes, R. Chicago, IllinoisBösiger, E. France, Gif-sur-YvetteBoston, M. J. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaBoudreau, C. st. Louis, MissouriBowman, J. T. Davis, CaliforniaBrawley, M. A. Duarte, CaliforniaBregliano, J. C. France, OrsayBreuer, M. E. Brazil, São PauloBridges, E. P. Richmond, VirginiaBrink, N. G. Australia, HobartBrinkmann, A. Norway, BergenBrncic, D. Chile, SantiagoBrosseau, G. E. Iow~ City, IowaBroughton, M. E. G. B., Chalfont St. GilesBrown, E. H. Evanston, IllinoisBrown, J. C. Raleigh, North CarolinaBrow, S. W~ Berkeley, CalifornaBrown, W. P. Marietta, OhioBrowning, L. S. Houston, TexasBrun, G. France, OrsayBrun, J. France, 4vonBrunt, C. M. Berkeley, CalifornaBryan, S. M. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaBryarski, T. Fayetteville, ArkansasBuchanan, J. Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.Buck, N. Brazil, São PauloBull, A. L. Wellesley, MassachusettsBunch, A. Lafayette, IndianaBunker, M. C. Bar Harbor, MaineBurdick, A. B. Lafayette, IndianaBurger, A. L. Johnson City, TennesseeBurger, C. L. Chambersburg, PennsylvaniaBurla, H. Switzerland, ZürichBurmesiter, M. Austin, TexasBurnet, B. Great Britain, EdinburghBurnam, D. Durham, North CarolinaBurr, M. J. Colombia, BogotáButterwrth, F. M. Evanston, IllinoisBuzzati-Traverso, A. A. Ita¡Y, Naples
Cacheiro, N. Argentina, Buenos AiresCama, J. Spain, BarcelonaCampbell, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCanuti, N. Italy, RomeCarfagna, M. Italy, NaplesCarlson, E. A. Los Angeles, CalifornaCarlson, E. A. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCarlson, J. H. Columbus; OhioCarmody, G. New York, N. Y.Carpenter, J. M. Lexington, KentuckyCarson, H. L. St. Louis, MissouriCarver, J. E. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaCasanova, A. Chile, SantiagoCasey, L. Amerst, MassachusettsCaster, J. st. Louis, MissouriCatsch, A. Germany, KarlsrueCavis, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCediel, N. Colombia, BogotáChandler, B. T. Belgium, LouvainChandley, A. Great Britain, ManchesterChecchi, A. C. Lafayette, IndianChen, P. S. Switzerland, ZürichChertkoff, L. Austin, TexasChiqusa, S. Japan, MisimaChoi, J. J. Korea, SeoulChovnk, A. storrs, ConnecticutChun, W. S. Korea, SeoulChung, J. Y. Korea, SeoulChung, o. K. Korea, SeoulClancy, C. W. Eugene, OregonClancy, E. B. Eugene, OregonClark, A. M. Australia, HobartClark, E. G. Australia, HobartClarke, J. M. Great Britain, londonClash, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaClayton, F. E. Fayet teville, ArkansasClayton, G. Grea t Britain, EdinburghClise, R. Cleveland, OhioCohen, J. Chicago, IllinoisCollette, A. T. Syracuse, N. Y.Comstock, R. E. Minneapolis, MinnesotaConine, D. D. Austin, TexasConner, G. Tucson, ArizonaCook, L. M. Great Britain, LeicesterCooper, J. Tucson, ArizonaCorwn, H. Los Angeles, CalifornaCounce, S. J. New Haven, ConnecticutCouncil, S. B. Raleigh, North CarolinaCourtright, J. New Haven, ConnecticutCovarrubias, E. Chile, SantiagoCruickshank, W. J. Great Britain, LondonCullen, Sister M. Urban. New Haven, Conn.
da Cunha, A. B. Brazil, São PauloDaillie, France, LyonD'Angelo, G. Italy, NaplesDas, C. C. Ann Arbor, MichiganDavis, G. Oak Ridge, TennesseeDavis, G. D. Athens, GeorgiaDawood, M. M. U.. A. R., AlexandriaDawood, M. M. Berkeley, CalifornaDay, J. Oxford~ OhioDearden, M. Great Britain, Manchester
January 1963 Directory - Alphabetical 37:185
Decker, R. H. Pullman, WashingtonDeconinck, C. V. Belgium, LouvainDeForest, D. M. Detroit, MichiganDeHaan, R. L. Switzerland, ZurichDeKlerk, T. H. Netherlands, Leidende la Paz, J. New Haven, ConnecticutDel, Campo, G. Pasadena, CalifornaDelden, W. W. Netherlands, HarenDe Lerm, B. Italy, NaplesDella Volpe, N. Italy, NaplesDel Solar, E. Chile, SantiagoDe Marinis, F. Cleveland, Ohiode Marinic, S. E. Argentina, Buenos AiresDempster, E. Australia, SydneyDempster, E. R. Berkeley, CaliforniaDen Hollander, C. J. M. Netherlands, LeidenDe Puytorac, P. France, Clermont-FerraudDe Reggi. France, LyonDickermn, R. C. Emporia, KansasDidier, E. France, Clermont-FerraudDidier, P. France, Clermont-FerraudDiez, J. Argentina, Buenos AriesDi Pasquale, A. Italy, MilanDittrich, W. Germany, KarlsruheDivelbiss, J. E. LeMars, IowDoane, W. W. New Haven, ConnecticutDobzhansky, T. New York, N. Y.Dorn, G. L. Great Britain, GlasgowDorsey, R. Eugene, OregonDowe, J. Great Britain, EdinburghDruger, M. Syracuse, N. Y.Dufaure, J. P. France, Clermont-FerraudDuraccio, N. Italy, NaplesDuspiva, I. Germany, HeidelbergDutro, B. Duarte, California
D,son, J. G. Raleigh, North Carolina
Edngton, C. W. Tallahassee, FloridaEdondson, M. Bloomington, IndianaEdwards, G. M. N. G. B., Chalfont St. GilesEdwards, J. W. Logan, Utah
Egam, N. Japan, Chiba-shiEggert, J. Davis, CalifornaEhrlich, E. Eugene, OregonEhrmn, L. New York, N. Y.Eiche, A. Sweden, StockholmElequin, F. T. Austin, TexasEl-Hakani, A. S. U. A. R., AlexandriaEl-Helw, B. U. A. R., AlexandriaEl-Wakil, H. M. U. A. R., AlexandriaEnglert, D. C. Lafayette, Indiana
Epler, J. L. Tallahassee, FloridaErckson, J. Eugene, OregonEsaki, K. Japan, AnzyoEverett, H. L. Ithaca, N. Y.
Faber, J. Swi tzerland, ZürichFabergé, A. C. Austin, TexasFahm, M. J. G. B., Chalfont St. GilesFahm, O. G. G. B., Chalfont St. GilesFalk, G. J. Evanston, nlinoisFalk, R. Israel, JerusalemFargeix, N. France, Clermont-terrud
Farhang, M. Eugene, OregonFarley, B. Bar Harbor, MaineFarnsworth, M. W. Buffalo, N. Y.Fattal, S. Israel, JerusalemFaulhaber, 1. Baltimore, MarylandFernndez, R. Chile, SantiagoFielding, C. Great Britain, LondonFile, Sharon. Ann Arbor, MichiganFink, G. R. New Haven, ConnecticutFinlay, D. Australia, SydneyFischler, D. A. Bloomington, IndianaFluckiger, 1. Switzerland, ZurichFolkers, W. Netherlands, HarenForbes, C. Moscow, IdahoForbes, E. C. Great Britain, GlasgowForbes, E. K. Providence, Rhode IslandForest, H. S. Austin, TexasFortner, J. M. Athens, GeorgiaFourche, J. France, LyonFox, A. S. East Lansing, MichiganFrahm, R. R. Raleigh, North CarolinaFraser, A. S. Davis, CaliforniaFreeborn, J. Ridgèfield, ConnecticutFriedman, L. D. Hiram, OhioFristrom, J. W. New York, N. Y.Frota-Pessoa, O. Brazil, São PauloFreydenberg, O. Denmark, CopenhagenFrye, S. H. Los Angeles, CaliforniaFuches, M. S. East Lansing, MichiganFujio, Y. Japan, OsakaFuscaldo, K. E. New York, N. Y.Fusté, M. Spain, BarcelonaFutch, D. G. Austin, Texas
Gaffney, G. Waltham, Massa.chusettsGale, C. Great Britain, HarwellGale, J. S. Grea t Britain, BirmnghamGallucci, E. Italy, MilanGarc!a-Bellido, A. Spain, MadridGardner, E. J. Logan, UtahGarner, S. H. N. Austin, TexasGay, H. Ann Arbor, MichiganGay, P. Frnce, Gif-sur-YvetteGeer, B. W. Davis, CalifornaGeissler, E. Germny, Berlin-BuchGellert, H. Storrs, ConnecticutGersh, E. S. Chicago, IllinoisGerstenberg, V. L. Austin, TexasGfeller, Sister Marion David. Eugene, OregonGhini, C. Italy, MilanGiavelli, S. Italy, MilanGibson, J. B. Great Britain, CambridgeGidholm, K. Sweden, UppsalaGill, K. S. New Haven, ConnecticutGillot, S. France, LyonGilmore, G. Iowa City, IowaGlass, H. B. Baltimore, MarylandGlass, S. S. Baltimore, MarylandGlassman, E. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaGleaves, C. G. B., Chalfont $t. GilesGleditsch, A. Norwy, BlindernGloor, H. J. Netherlands, LeidenGluskie, S. Australia, Sydney "'-':
,;.'
37: 186 Directory - Alphabetical DIS 37
Godet, J. France, LyonGoldhart, A. Netherlands, LeidenGoldin, H. Buffalo, N. Y.Goldschmidt, E. Israel, JerusalemGoetz, W. Switzerland, ZürichGonigam, P. Eugene, OregonGonnella, V. M. storrs, ConnecticutGoodway, K. M. Great Britain, KeeleGoon, C. Ames, IowaGottlieb, F. J. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaGottschewski, G. H. M. Germny, MarienseeGowen, J. W. Ames, IowGrabicki, E. New Haven, ConnecticutGraff, G. I. Logan, UtahGrain, J. France, Clermont-FerraudGrassmann, A. 'Swi tzerland, ZürichGreen, D. L. Evanston, nlinoisGreen, M. M. Davis, CalifornaGreenberg, R. East Lansing, MichiganGregg, T. G. Oxford, OhioGrell, E. H. Oak Ridge, TennesseeGrell, R. F. Oak Ridge, TennesseeGrewal, M. s. Great Britain, LondonGriffen, A. B. Bar Harbor, MaineGrisseau, C. Berkeley, CalifornaGrodis, J. Newark, New JerseyGrüneberg, H. Grea t Britain, LondonGue, S. Berkeley, CaliforniaGuerrier, P. France, LyonGuest, W. C. University, AlabamaGugler, H. D. Duarte, CaliforniaGunson, M. M. Australia, MelbourneGustafsson, K. Sweden, StockholmGutenmann, H. Ithaca, N. Y.
Hadler, N. New Haven, ConnecticutHadorn, E. Switzerland, ZürichHagens, H-W. Germany, HeidelbergHalfer, C." Italy, MilanHalkka, O. Finland, HelsinkiHalpern, L. S. Fayetteville, ArkansasHammond, D. D. New York, N. Y.Hapel, A. DeKalb, nlinoisHanis, N. Bloomington, IndianaHanks, G. D. Salt Lake City, UtahHannah-Alava, A. Finland, TurkuHansen, A. M. Logan, UtahHansteen, 1. Norway, BlindernHarlock, R. Australia, BrisbaneHarrison, B. J. Great Britain, HertfordHartman, A. Chicago, nlinois,Hartman, N. M. New Haven, ConnecticutHartmann-Goldstein, 1. J. S.A., JohannesburgHartshorne, J. N. Great Britain, ManchesterHassell, L. Austin, TexasHauser, A. T. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaHavin, E. Norway, OsloHawkes, N. R. Logan, UtahHawkins, E. Los Angeles, CaliforniaHaymn, D. L. Australia, AdeladeHays, R. B. Ann Arbor, MichiganHea th, G. Corvallis, OregonHeed, W. Tucson, Arizona
Heinonen, P. Finland, TurkuHeinsoo, M. Eugene, OregonHenderson, A. S. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaHendrickson, R. Los Angeles, CaliforniaHendrix, N. Eugene, OregonHerbert, R. Urbana, IllinoisHerforth, R. Lincoln, NebraskaHerskowtz, I. H. st. Louis, MissouriHess, O. Germany, TübingenHeuts, M. J. Belgium, LouvainHexter, W. M. Amherst, MassachusettsHiatt, V. S. St. Louis, MissouriHicks, L. M. Eugene, OregonHildreth, P. Berkeley, CalifornaHillman, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniHinton, C. W. Athens, GeorgiaHiraga, S. Japan, OsakaHiraizumi, Y.Japan, MisimHiroyoski, T. Japan, OsakaHirsch, J. Urbana, nlinoisHirsch, M-L. France, Gif-sur-YvetteHochmn, B. Salt Lake City, UtahHodge, L. D. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaHollander, W. F. Ames, IowaHoller, A. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaHollingsworth, M. J. Great Britain, LondonHolt, A. C. Eo Great Britain, LeicesterHorn, S. Berkeley, CalifornaHossain, M. A. Great Britain, NottinghamHostetter, R. C. Urbana, nlinoisHotz, G. Germany, KarlsruheHouse, M. Columbus, OhioHouse, V. L. Columbus, OhioHovasse, R. France, Clermont-FerraudHubbard, W. B. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaHubby, J. L. Chicago, nlinoisHubert, C. Urbana, IllinoisHubert, J. France, Clermont-FerraudHughes, R. D. Richmond, VirginiaHume, B. South Africa, JohannesburgHunter, A. S., Colombia, BogotáHunter, R. A. Colombia, BogotáHurvitz, D. Israel, Jerusalem
Ibrahim, S. R. U. A. R., AlexandriaIchioka, S. Japan, OsakaIdec, M. New York, N. Y.Imai, Y. Japan, MisimaImaizumi, T. Japan, KyotoImaizum, Y. Japan, Chiba-shiImar, J. Grea t Britain, LondonInagaki, E. Japan, Chiba-shiInagaki, T. Japan, Chiba-shiInglis, S. P. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaIves, P. T. Amerst, MassachusettsIyama, S. Japan, Misima
Jacobs, A. A. M. C. Netherlands, LeidenJacobs, A. M. Netherlands, LeidenJacobs, M. E. Harrisonburg, VirginiaJames, J. M. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaJenpson, J. Great Britain, HarwellJohansson, K. Sweden, Uppsala
January 1963 Directory - Alphebetical 37:187
Johnsen, R. Eugene, OregonJohnson, A. st. Louis, MissouriJohnson, G. R. Logan, UtahJohnson, M. B. Richmond, VirginiaJohnston, F. Storrs, ConnecticutJ onelei t, C. Germany, TübingenJones, B. Ithaca, N. Y.Jones, J. K. Grea t Britain, ReadingJonsson, U-B. Cambridge, MassachusettsJoyon, W. France, Clermont-FerraudJudd, B. H. Austin, Texas
Kaji, S. New Haven, ConnecticutKan, J. L. East Lansing, MichiganKaneko, A. Japan, SapporoKanevsky, J. St. Louis, MissouriKang, S. H. East Lansing; MichiganKang, Y. Korea, SeoulKaplan, M. New York, N. Y.Kaplan, W. D. Duarte, CalifornaKapoor, M. East Lansing, MichiganKaram, J. D. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaKarhemo, S. Finland, TurkuKarlik, A. Austria, ViennKarube, M. Japan, MisimaKastritsis, C. Austin, TexasKato, H. Japan, Chiba-shiKato, Masaru. Japan, KyotoKato, Mikio. Japan, KyotoKato, Mikio. Eugene, OregonKato, Y. Y. Eugene, OregonKaufman, B. Argentina, Buenos AiresKaufmann, B. P. Ann Arbor, MichiganKeller, E. C. Chapel Hill, N. C.Kelsall, P. J. Great Britain, EdinburghKemmng, E. Germany, MünsterKemrer, M. F. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaKernghan, R. P. storrs, ConnecticutKessler, S. New York, N. Y.Khan, F. M. Australia, BrisbaneKhishin, A. Great Britain, EdinburghKidd, K. K. Duarte, CalifornaKidwell, J. F. Canada, ottawaKikkawa, H. Japan, OsakaKim, D. U. Korea, KwangjuKim, K. W. Korea, KwangjuKim, S. H. Korea, SeoulKim, Y. J. Korea, SeoulKimura, M. Japan, MisimaKindred, B. M. Australia, SyneyKing, J. Berkeley, CalifornaKing, R. C. Evanston, IlinoisKircheisen, G. Germany, KarlsruheKirschbaum, W. F. Argentina, B. AiresKirschbaum, W. Gainesville, FloridaKiäden, B. Germany, Berlin-DahlemKleckner, H. Ann Arbor, MichiganKlingele, M. B. Notre Dame, IndianaKlock, N. Storrs, ConnecticutKloos, W. E. Ames, IowaKlotz, R. Berkeley, CalifornaKnight, G. R. Gr. Brit., EdinburghKnott, B. Australia, Hobart
Koch, E. Evanston, IllinoisKoch, R. Switzerland, ZürichKojim, K. Raleigh, North CarolinaKolodny, A. Israel, JerusalemKondo, K. Japaii, AnzyoKoref-Santibañez, S. Chile, SantiagoKeske-Westphal, T. Germny, HamburgKosswg, C. Germany, HamburgKrause; E. Lafayette, IndianaKrauss, M. Storrs, ConnecticutKravina, A. M. Italy, MilanKrimbas, C. B. Greece, AthensKroeger, H. Switzerland, ZürichKuich, L. L. Austin, TexasKuiper, N. Netherlands, UtrechtKül, W. Norwy, BlindernKum, C. S. KoreaKunze-Mühl, E. Austria, ViennKuroda, Y. Japan, OsakaKvasnay, M. Ann Arbor, MichiganKvelland, r. Norway, BlindernKyrk, J. Syracuse, N. Y.
Lacy, Mother Stanislaus. St. Louis, MissouriLagowski, J. M. Austin, TexasLakovaara, S. Finland, HelsinkiLab, M. J. Great Britain, LondonLabooy-de Ruiter, F. J. Netherlands, LeidenLamerton, M. Great Britain, HarwellLandenberger, M. H. Eugene, OregonLandy, R. DeKalb, illinoisLanger, B. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaLapid, A. Israel, JerusalemLaufer, H. Baltimore, MarylandLaugé, G. France, Gif-sur-YvetteLawrence, M. J. Great Britain, BirminghamLee, C. C. Korea, SeoulLee, C. S. Korea, SeoulLee, H. Y. Austin, TexasLee, T. J. Korea, SeoulLee, W. R. Bloomington, IndianaLeFever, H. M. Austin; TexasLefevre, G. Cambridge, MassachusettsLegay, J. M. France, LyonLeigh, B. Great Britain, EdinburghLeigh, B. B. Netherlands, LeidenLeighton, M. J. Great Britain, BirminghamLeon, W. N. Argentina, Buenos AiresLesseps, R. J., S.J. Woodstock, MarylandLevene, H. New York, N. Y.Leventhal, E. New Haven, ConnecticutLeVier, R. L. Iowa City, IowLevine, L. New York, N. Y.Levine, R. P. Cambridge, MassachusettsLevitan, M. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaLevy, A. Australia, AdelaideLewenhaupt, M. Sweden, StockholmLewis, E. B. Pasadena, CalifornaLewis, H. S. Rochester, MichiganLewis, H. W. Rochester, MichiganLewis, H. W. Washington, D. C.Lezzi, M. Switzerland, ZürichL'Heritier, P. France, Gif-sur-Yvette
37: 188 Directory - Alphabetical DIS 37
Licznerski, G. Sweden, StockholmLindsley, D. L. Oak Ridge, TennesseeLints, F .A. Belgium, LouvainLipe, J. F. Salt Lake City, UtahLocatelli, F. Italy, Milan1Öffler, E. Austria, ViennLommerse, M. A. H. Netherlands, LeidenLoosli, R. Switzerland, FüllinsdorfLouis, M. France, Gif-sur-YvetteLucchesi, J. Berkeley, CaliforniaLuce, W. M. Urbana, nlinoisLuchowski, E. Buffalo, N. Y.Ludwig, H. Germny, HeidelbergLüers, H. Germany, Berlin-DahlemLüers, T. Germany , Berlin-DahlemLunig, K. G. Sweden, StockholmLutes, C. M. Columbus1' OhioLutz, H. France, Clermont-FerraudLutz-Ostertag, Y. France, Clermont-Ferraud
Maas, A. B. Netherlands, LeidenMachida, I. Japan, Chiba-shiMacIntyre, R. J. Baltimore, MarylandMagalhães, L. E. de. Brazil, São PauloMahowld, A. P., S.J. Woodstock, MarylandMainx, F. Austria, ViennaMakino, S. Japan, SapporoMalogolowkin, C. New York, N. Y.Mange, E. Cleveland, OhioMarien, D. New York, N. Y.Martin, J. Australia, MelbourneMarzluf, G. S. Baltimore, MarylandMassasso, J. Australia, SydneyMassimillo, L. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaMasuda, H. Japan, MisimaMather, K. Great Britain, BirmnghamMather, W. B. Australia, BrisbaneMatthew, C. Great Britain, 'EdinburghM&ttos, S. A. Brazil, São PauloMayeda, K. Detròi t, MichiganMayo, M. Jean. Australia, AdelaideMazar-Barnett, B. Argentina, Buenos AiresMcCloskey, J. Eugene, OregonMcCulloch, W. DeKalb, illinoisMcDowell, S. B. Newark, New JerseyMcFarlane, J. Hi verside, CalifornaMcKerlich, G. Eugene, OregonMcLean, J. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaMcKinley, K. Austin, TexasMcSheehy, T~ W. Great Britain, HarwellMead, C. Oak Ridge, TennesseeMegna, F. Italy, NaplesMelara, H. E. Brazil, São José do R. PrêtoMeloni, M. L. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaMensura, J. L. Spain, BarcelonaMerckx, F. E. Belgium, LouvainMerrell, D. J. Minneapolis, MinnesotaMerriam, J. R. Seattle, WashingtonMettler, L. E. Raleigh, North CarolinaMeyer, G. F. Germany, TübingenMickel, S. Eugene, OregonMicheli, A. Italy, RomeMickey, G. H. Ridgefield, Connecticut
Miedema, P. Netherlands, HarenMignot, J~ P. France, Clermont-FerraudMikesell, W. Salt Lake City, UtahMileiko, V. Canada, TorontoMilkman, R. D. Syracuse, N. Y.Miller, D. D. Lincoln, NebraskaMiller, F. Canada, EdontonMills, R. P. Evanston, nlinoisMills, R. P. New Haven, ConnecticutMinamori, S. Japan, HiroshimaMiralles, L. Spain, MadridMishara, J. New York, N. Y.Mi tchell, A. Pasadena, CaliforniaMitchell, H. K. Pasadena, CalifornaMitsunaga, C. Ann Arbor, MichiganMittler, S. DeKalb, illinoisMiyoski, Y. Japan, KyotoMohler, J. D. Corvallis, OregonMohr, O. L. Norway, BlindernMomma, E. Japan, SapporoMonclús, M. Spain, BarcelonaMontalenti, G. Italy, RomeMontelius, I. Sweden, StockholmMoon, H. M. Korea, SeoulMoon, H. M. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaMoore; R. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaMora, S. Pasadena, CaliforniaMoree, R. Pullmn, WashingtonMorey, M. Spain, MadridMoskwnski, T. Notre Dame, IndianaMossige, J. C. Norway, OsloMostafa, A. Great Britain, EdinburghMourad, A. M. U. A. R., AlexandriaMourad, A. New York, N. Y.Mourão, C. A. Brazil, São José do R. PrêtoMouravieff, A. N. Belgium, LouvainMoyer, S. E. Minneapolis, MinnesotaMukai, T. Japan, MisimaMukherjee, A. Berkeley, CaliforniaMukherjee, R. Canada, EdontonMullen, P. Syracuse, N. Y.Müller, A. Germany, KarlsruheMuller, H. J. Bloomington, IndianaM"üller, M. Switzerland, Zürich .Mullins, J. Ames, IowaMulkay, L. Logan, UtahMuñoz, E. R. Argentina, Buenos AiresMunz, P. Switzerland, ZürichMurgola, E. J. St. Louis, MissouriMurray, K. Ridgefield, ConnecticutMus selmn, A. Philadelphia , Pennsylvania
Myszewski, M. E. East Lansing, Michigan
Nadal, A. Spain, BarcelonaNafei, H. Great Britain, EdinburghNagle, J. J. Raleigh, North CarolinaNakai, S. Japan, Chiba-shiNakajim, K. Japan, MisimaNakamura, K. Japan, KyotoNakamura, K. Japan, MisimaNakanishi, H. Japan, Chiba-shiNakao, Y. Japan, Chiba-shiNarise, T. Austin, Texas
January 1963 Directory - Alphebetical 37: 189
Nash, D. Great Britain, CambridgeNash, D. J. New Brunswick, New JerseyNatarajan, A. T. New Delhi, IndiaNawa, S. Japan~ MisimaNeeley, J. C. Corvallis, OregonNei, M. Japan, Chiba-shiNemeth, S. Brazil, São PauloNeulat, M. M. France, LyonNewhall, S. Colombia, BogotáNicklas, R. B. New Haven, ConnecticutNicoletti, B. Italy, RomeNigon, V. France, LyonNilsson, M. B. Cambridge, MassachusettsNirula, S. India, New DelhiNix, J. R. Johnson City, TennesseeNobuki, R. Japan, OsakaNolte, D. J. South Africa, JohannesburgNorton, I. L. st. Louis, MissouriN"othel, H. Germny, Berlin-DahlemNÕthiger, R. Swi tzerland, ZürichNovitski, E. Eugene, OregonNozawa, K. Japan, Anzyo
O'Brien, M. Gr. Brit., Chalfont st. GilesOttedal, P. Norway, OsloOgita, Z. Japan, OsakaOhanessian-Guillemain, A. Fr., G.-s.-Y.Ohlendorff, H. Sweden, UppsalaOks ala , T. A. Finland, TurkuOkuda, C. Japan, KyotoOliver, C. P. Austin, TexasOlivier, L. France, Clermont-FerraudOlivieri, G. Italy, RomeOlivieri, M. A. Italy, RomeO'Neal, L. Newark, New JerseyOrtiz, E. Spain, MadridOshim, C. Japan, MisimaOsman, H. Great Britain, EdinburghOster, I. I. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaOster, I. I. Bloomington, IndianaOstertag, W. Germany, MünsterOta, N. Japan, Anzyo
Paik, K. K. Korea, SeoulPaik, Y. K. Korea, SeoulPakeltis, H. Evanston, IllinoisPan Yu-Sheng. Australia, SydneyPanitz, E. Lexington, KentuckyPark, M. S. Korea, KwangjuParker, D. Cambridge, MassachusettsParker, D. Riverside, CaliforniaParr, S. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaParrish, J. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaParsons, P. A. Australia, MelbourneParzen, S. D. East Lansing, MichiganPassano, K. N. New Haven, ConnecticutPasternak, L. Germany, Berlin-BuchPaterson, H. E. South Africa, JohannesburgPatton, D. Chicago, IllinoisPavan, C. Brazil, são PauloPavlovsky, O. New York, N. Y.Paz, C. Argentina, Buenos AriesPeacock, J. Eugene, Oregon
Pelecanos, M. Great Britain, CambridgePellicer, M. D. Chile, SantiagoPennycuik, P. Australia, SydneyPereyra, E. Argentina, Buenos AiresPerrin-Waldemer, C. France, Clermont-FerraudPerry, M. Great Britain, EdinburghPeters, W. Chicago, IllinoisPetoe, L. Bloomington, IndianaPetriceks, R. Waltham, MassachusettsPhillips, D. Syracuse, N. Y.Pipkin, S. B. Panama, Canal ZonePiternick, L. K. Seattle, WashingtonPiva, A. France, Gif-sur-YvettePlaine, H. L. Columbus, OhioPlough, H. H. Amherst, MassachusettsPlowmn, C. Raleigh, North CarolinaPlus, N. France, Gif-sur-YvettePooley, E. H. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPolivanov, S. New York, N. Y.Polzin, W. Germany, Berlin-DahlemPons, J. Spain, Barcelonalontecorvo, G. Great Britain, Glasgow'roper, C. East Lansing, MichiganPortin, P. Finland, TurkuPotthoff, R. F. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaPoulson, D. B. New Haven, ConnecticutPoulson, D. F. New Haven, ConnecticutPrakash, S. st. Louis, MissouriPratt, G. T. Oak Ridge, TennesseePrelle, A. France, Clermont-FerraudPrevosti, A. Spain, BarcelonaProust, J. France, Gif-sur-YvetteProut, T. Riverside, CaliforniaProws, R. Salt Lake City, UtahPrudhommeau, C. France, OrsayPuhalla, J. E. Ithaca, N. Y.Pui, M. L. L. Netherlands, HarenPurdom, C. E. Great Britain, HarwellPullar, S. F. Lafayette, IndianaPuro, J. Finland, Turku
Queiroz, J.Querner, W.
France, Gif-sur-YvetteGermany, Mariensee
Rakla, F. A. U. A. R., AlexandraRamel, C. Sweden, StockholmRamírez, P. Spain, MadridRamón, 1. Mexico, ChapingoRappaport, S. Israel, JerusalemRasmusson, B. Sweden, UppsalaRasmusson, M. Sweden, UppsalaRatty, F. J. Oak Ridge, TennesseeRatty, F. J. San Diego, CaliforniaRayle, R. Urbana, IllinoisReddi, o. S. India, HyderabadRedfield, H. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaReinhardt, K. DeKalb, IllinoisRemensberger, P. Switzerland, ZürichRendel, J. M. Australia, SydneyResch, K. Austin, TexasRezzonico Raimondi, G. . Italy, MilanRichardson, R. H. Raleigh, North CarolinaRidigner, J. DeKalb, Illinois
37: 190 Directory - Alphabetical DIS 37
Rinehart, R. R. Oak Ridge, TennesseeRingeié, M. M. Belgium, LouvainRisius, M. L. Ithaca, N. Y.Ritossa, F. Italy, NaplesRi tterhoff, R. K. Baltimore, MarylandRizki, R. M. Ann Arbor, MichiganRizki, T. M. Ann Arbor, MichiganRoberts, P. A. Oak Ridge, TennesseeRobertson, A. Great Britain, EdinburghRobertson, F. W. Great Britain, EdinburghRoderick, T. H. Bar Harbor, MaineRonio, S. Alliance, OhioRöhrborn, G. Germany, Berlin-DahlemRonen, A. Israel, JerusalemRoper, J. A. Great Britain, SheffieldRosenfeld, A. Seattle, WashingtonRosin, S. Swi tzerland, BernRosner, J. L. New Haven, ConnecticutRoss, G. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaRoushdy, M. S. U. A. R., AlexandriaRoy, R. Lincoln, NebraskaRoyes, V. Great Britain, EdnburghRubio, J. Grea t Britain, LondonRuderer, E. Austria, ViennaRudkin, G. T. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaRüegg, M. Switzerland, ZürichRüke, C. L. Netherlands, UtrechtRussell, J. Tucson, ArizonaRussell, P. Amerst, MassachusettsRuttner, F. Austria, Vienna
Sachar, K. East Lansing, MichiganSaheki, T. Japan, Chiba-shiSaichek, J. DeKalb, IllinoisSai to, Y. Japan, HiroshimaSakaguchi, B. Japan, MisimaSakai, K. Japan, MisimaSamlisto, L. Finland, HelsinkiSandler, L. Seattle, WashingtonSang, J. H. Great Britain, EdinburghSanjeeva, R. M. India, HyderabadSankaranarayanan, K. New York, N. Y.Sano, K. Japan, MisimaSävhagen, R. Sweden, StockholmSavage, E. Alliance, OhioSaverance, P. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaSa volainen, S. Finland, TurkuScandlyn, B. T. Oak Ridge, TennesseeSchaffer, H. E. Raleigh, North CarolinaSchafrik, C. Ithaca, N. Y.Schalet, A. Storrs, ConnecticutScharloo, W. Netherlands, LeidenScheider, A. Switzerland, ZürichSchereiks, G. Germany, Berlin-DahlemSchiller, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSchimpff, S. New Brunswick, New JerseySchlapfer, T. Swtzerland, ZürichSchmi t t, O. Germany, HeidelbergSchneider, I. New Haven, ConnecticutSchouten, S. C. M. Netherlands, UtrechtSchulten, G. G. M. Netherlands, LeidenSchultz, J. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSchurin, M. F. Waltham, Massachusetts
Schwarz, R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSchwinck, I. Storrs, ConnecticutScriba, M. Germany, Marburg/LahnSederoff, R. Los Angeles, CaliforniaSeecof, R. Duarte, CaliforniaSeidel, F. Germany, Marburg/LahnSeidel, S. Germny, TübingenSeiger, M. B. Lafayette, IndianaSeki, T. Japan, OsakaSemp, B. A. Lexington, KentuckySen, B. K. Great Britain, EdinburghSenaud, J. France, Clermont-FerraudSeppäiä, L. Finland, TurkuSeto, F. Oak Ridge, TennesseeShapiro, N. Lafayette, IndianaShearn, A. Chicago, IllinoisSheldon, B. L. Australia, SydneySheridan, B. Sweden, StockholmSherwood, E. Berkeley, CalifornaShideler, D. Layfayette, IndianaShima, T. Japan, SapporoShiomi, T. Germany , Karls rueShiomi, T. Japan, Chiba-shiShoeb, Y. Z. U. A. R., AlexandriaShorey, H. H. Riverside, CaliforniaSick, K. Denmark, CopenhagenSigot, A. France, StrasbourgSilbermn, J. Ithaca, N. Y.Simons, A. New York, N. Y.Simmons, J. R. Logan, UtahSims, M. Chicago, IllinoisSironi, G. P. Italy, MilanSlatis, H. M. Argonne, IllinoisSlizynska, H. Great Britain, EdinburghSlizynski, B. M. Great Britain, EdinburghSmi th, J. Grea t Bri tain, LondonSmith, P. A. Evanston, IllinoisSmith, P. H. Providence, Rhode IslandSobels, F. H. Netherlands, LeidenSobels, F. H. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSokoloff, A. Berkeley, CaliforniaSolana, I. Spain, MadridSole, M. R. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSoliman, G. A. U. A. R., AlexandriaSoliman, M. H. U. A. R., AlexandriaSomerville, D. Baltimore, MarylandSondhi, G. Ridgefield, ConnecticutSondhi, K. C. Ridgefield, ConnecticutSonnenblick, B. P. Newark, New JerseySouthin, J. Los Angeles, CalifornaSpassky, B. New York, N. Y.Sperlieg, D. Austria, ViennSpickett, S. G. Great Britain, CambridgeSpieler, R. A. Chicago, IllinoisSpiess, E. B. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaSpiess, L. D. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaSpieth, H. Riverside, CaliforniaSpofford, J. B. Chicago, IllinoisSpring, H. Switzerland, ZürichSpring eo , R. Austria, ViennaSpurwy, R. Australia, BrisbaneStadler, J. Ames, IowaStafford, J. M. Great Britain, Leicester
January 1963 Directory - Alphabetical 37:191
Stalker, H. D. St. Louis, MissouriStein, M. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSteinberg, A. G. Cleveland, OhioSteiner, C. St. Louis, MissouriStern, C. Berkeley, CalifornaStevenson, R. Johnson City, TennesseeStiers, R. O. Belgium, LouvainStinson, H. Ithaca, N. Y.stone, W. S. Austin, TexasStowell, B. M. Salt Lake City, UtahStrachan, I. Great Britain, EdinburghStrachan, K. Great Britain, EdinburghStrangio, V. A. Australia, MelbourneStrickberger, M. W. Berkeley, CaliforniaStrömnaes, O. Norway, BlindernStruck, E. Germany, Berlin-DahlemStum, E. Waltam, MassachusettsSturtevant, A. H. Pasadena, CaliforniaSugisaki, R. Japan, MisimaSulerud, R. L. Lincoln, NebraskaSung, K. C. Korea, SeoulSuomalainen, E. Finland, HelsinkiSuzuki, D. T. Canada, EdontonSuzuki, R. Japan, OsakaSvensson, M. Sweden, UppsalaSverredahl, M. Sweden, UppsalaSwamnathan, M. S. India, New DelhiSwatek, J. Chicago, Illinois
Tabata, K. Canada, VancouverTaira, T. Japan, MisimaTaira, T. Ann Arbor, MichiganTakada, H. Japan, SapporoTalmge, S. E. Lexington, KentuckyTano, S. Lafayette, IndianaTantawy, A. O. U. A. R., AlexandriaTartof, K. Ann Arbor, MichiganTates, A. D. Netherlands, LeidenTeissier, G. France, Gif-sur-YvetteTelinde, H. D. Lafayette, IndianaThoday, J. M. Great Britain, CambridgeThomas, A. France, Gif-sur-YvetteThompson, P. E. Ames, IowaThompson, S. R. Corvallis, OregonThomson, J. A. Australia, MelbourneThrockmorton, L. H. Chicago, IllinoisTidwell, T. New York, N. Y.Tiffany, B. Amherst, MassachusettsTiivola, A. Finland, HelsinkiTing, K. P. Canada, EdontonTjan, K. N. Lexington, KentuckyTobari, I. Japan, Chiba-shiTobler, H. Switzerland, ZürichTokuda, T. Japan, MisimaTokumi tsu, T. Japan, SapporoTokunaga, C. Berkeley, CaliforniaToledo, S. A. Brazil, São PauloTomita, T. Japan, AnzyoTorroja, E. Spain, MadridTownsend, J. 1. Richmond, VirginiaToyofuku, Y. Japan, MisimaTraut, H. Germany, KarlsruheTraut, H. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Travaglini, E. C. Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaTraverso, O. Argentina, Buenos AiresTrosko, J. E. East Lansing, MichiganTrout, W. E. Bloomington, IndianaTsácas, L. France, Gif-sur-YvetteTschumi, P. Switzerland, BernTsdcas, S. Greece, AthensTsukamoto, M. Japan, OsakaTuinstra, E. J. Netherlands, Utrecht
Ufholz, I. Germany, KarlsruheUlrich, H. Swi tzerland, ZürichUrsprung, H. Baltimore, Maryland
Valencia, J. I. Argentina, Buenos AiresValencia, R. M. Argentina, Buenos AiresValencia, R. M. Oak Ridge, TennesseeValentino, O. Italy, NaplesVallance, J. Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaVan der Bie, V. Netherlands, LeidenVanoucek, E. G. Ithaca, N. Y.Van Valen, L. Great Britain, LondonVerhey, C. Urbana, IllinoisVigier, P. France, Gif-sur-YvetteVloeberghs, J. V. Belgium, LouvainVolkers, W. Netherlands, LeidenVolpe, P. Italy, NaplesVon Borstel, R. C. Oak Ridge, TennesseeVon Halle, E. Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Waddington, C. H. Great Britain, EdinburghWagner, R. P. Austin, TexasWagoner, D. E. Bloomington, IndianaWahrman, J. Israel, JerusalemWajntal, A. Brazil, São PauloWakaham, K. I. Japan, SapporoWalen, K. H. Berkeley, CalifornaWallace, B. Ithaca, N. Y.Wallbrunn, H. M. Gainesville, FloridaWallenius, M. Finland, TurkuWalsh, M. Providence, Rhode IslandWard, C. L. Durham, North CarolinaWasserman,'M. New York, N. Y.Watanabe, I. Japan, Chiba-shiWatson, J. E. Lafayette, IndianaWa tson, W. A. F. Grea t Britain, EdinburghWattiaux, J. M. Belgium, LouvainWedvik, H. Norwy, BlindernWei, I. DeKalb, IllinoisWeidmann, U. Grea t Britain, LondonWeinmnn, H. Switzerland, ZürichWeisbrot, D. New York, N. Y.Welch, R. M. Austin, TexasWelshons, S. T. Oak Ridge, TennesseeWermuth, A. F. Pullman, WashingtonWettstein, D. von. Denmark, CopenhagenWezeman, B. Netherlands, HarenWheeler, J. Eugene, OregonWheeler, M. R. Austin, TexasWhite, A. Providence, Rhode IslandWhi te, M. P. Bloomington, IndianaWhi te, R. H. Lafayet te, IndianaWhite, S. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
37:192 Directory - Alphabetical DIS 37
Whittinghill, M. Chapel Hill, N. C.Whittington, W. J. Gr. Br., NottinghamWilcockson, P. Gr. Br., Chalfont St. GilesWilkerson, R. D., Oak Ridge, TennesseeWillev, W. Germny, HeidelbergWilliams, B. J. Tallahassee, FloridaWilliamson, D. L. New Haven, ConnecticutWillson, A. J. Raleigh, North CarolinaWilson, F. D. Austin, TexasWilson, L. P. Wellesley, MassachusettsWing, M. S. Raleigh, North CarolinaWinterfeldt, G. Germany, Berlin-DahlemWiser, W. C. Salt Lake City, UtahWolf, E. Germany, Berlin-DahlemWolff, M. L. Washington, D. C.Wolff, S. Oak Ridge, TennesseeWrigh t, E. Y. Baltimore , MarylandWright, T. R. F. Baltimore, MarylandWu, C. K. DeKalb, illinoisWui, 1. S. Korea, KwangjuWÜrgler, F. E. Switzerland, Zürich
WYlie, A. P. New Zealand, Dunedinwyn, J. E. Richmond, Virginia
Yamada, Y. Japan, MisimaYamada, Y. Lafayette, IndianaYamaguchi, E. Japan, Chiba-shiYanders, A. F. East Lansing, MichiganYasuda, N. Japan, Chiba-shiYen, T. T. Chapel Hill, North CarolinaYoon, C. S. Korea, SeoulYoon, J. S. Austin, TexasYoon, S. B. East Lansing, MichiganYoshikawa, I. Japan, MisimaYost, H. T. Amerst, MassachusettsYoung, S. Y. Australia, SydneyYtterborn, K. Sweden, Stockholm
Zaganas, A. Greece, AthensZambruni, L. Italy, MilanZebe, E. Germany, HeidelbergZettergren, C. Israel, JerusalemZimmer, K. G. Germany, KarlsruheZimering, S. Providence, Rhode IslandZimering, S. Bloomington, IndianaZimermnn, W. Germany, MarienseeZitnik, J. DeKalb" Illinois
U.S.S.R.
Late Directory Additions
Novosibirsk Institute of Cytology and Genetics.Siberian Department of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.
Bileva, D. S., graduate student, melanogaster, experimental population genetics.Kerkis, J. J., Head of Laboratory of Radiation Genetics, general and radiation genetics.Khristoljubova, N. B., Head of group of Electron Microscopy, salivary gland super-
structure.Kiknadze, I. I., Head of Laboratory of General Cytology; chromosome metabolism; cytol-
ogy and development.Litchev, V. B., Research assistant, chromosome metabolism; pattern formation.Stepanian, L. J., Research assistant; inbred depression; relations between the homo-
zygosis and DNA quantity in the nucleus of D. melanogaster.
Japan
Sakai. Osaka: University of Osaka Prefecture, Depàrtment of Biology
Ogaki, M. Dr. Assistant Professor. Melanogaster; genetics of physiological character.Tanaka, E. Assistant. Melanogaster; physiological genetics.
Wagner College
Staten Island, New York
Anan, Nurvel, Ph.D. Cytogenetics