aztecs & incas are best known for adaptation to geography aztecs – swamps/marshland ...
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UNIT 7 FINAL REVIEW
UNIT 7 REVIEW Aztecs & Incas are best known for Adaptation to geography
Aztecs – swamps/marshland floating gardens for crops
Incas – Andes Mountains terrace farming on mt. side, road system
UNIT 7 REVIEW The Ming Dynasty is best known for Reinstating the civil service
exam Reinstated after Mongol rule ended
(took gov’t jobs), Neo-Confucianism – importance of Confucian ideals
UNIT 7 REVIEW The Ottoman Empire is best known for Expanded influence of Muslims &
IslamTook control of Byzantine Empire
(major trading crossroad) & became Muslim capital, expanded across Asia & Africa, Suleiman the Magnificent united Ottomans
How did the Black Death led to the
Renaissance?
- Weakened church power- People moved to cities for work- End of feudalism
How did the Crusades lead
to the Renaissance?
- Increased trade btwn East & West - Revival of learning (Muslim sci & math)- Exposure to Greco-Roman culture
Define & describe
the Renaissanc
e
- Time period 1400-1600Rebirth of learning in art, writing, philosophy
The Renaissance
WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE BEGIN IN ITALY 1. City states
1. Developed b/c of trade
2. Merchants & the Medicis1. Middle class grew b/c of trade, class based
on ability2. Wealthy art patrons
3. Greco-Roman Culture 1. Italy preserved culture & desire to learn
RENAISSANCE WORD ASSOCIATION • Vernacular• common every day language, what books
were printed in, increased literacy • Secular• Worldly, non-religious ideas
• Literacy• Ability to read & write, increased b/c of
vernacular books
EFFECTS OF THE PRINTING PRESS Renaissance
More books = cheaper booksCheaper books = increased literacy Increased literacy = know knowledgable,
ideas spread quicker Protestant Reformation
Helped spread ideas quicker Erasmus’ “Praise of Folly” & Martin Luther’s 95
ThesesEncouraged peopled to question the church
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Problems w/ RC Church
• Uneducated clergy
• Selling of indulgences
What reformers did
• Erasmus – wrote “Praise of Folly” calling for an end to church corruption
• Martin Luther- wrote 95 Theses to expose church corruption
Effects on Europe
• Europe religiously divided
• Education & practices questioned
• Jews & Muslims persecuted
• Weakened Roman Catholic authority
HENRY VIII & CHURCH OF ENGLAND
Henry VIII’s Problem
- Needed a son as an heir
- Wife couldn’t bear a son
Why did the Henry VIII leave the RC
church?
- wouldn’t allow him to get a divorce
Henry VIII Solution
- est. church of England (Anglican
Church)- Act of Supremacy
made him in charge or church
THE COUNTER REFORMATION Council of Trent
Committee of Catholic leaders to reform church
Banned selling of indulgences The Inquisition
Accuse, try & punish heretics
AGE OF EXPLORATION - REASONS
Gold- Need for new sources & direct route to Asia
Glory - Renaissance inspired new thinking of possibilities
God - Missionaries wanted to spread the Christian faith
WHO’S WHO IN EXPLORATION Columbus – goal to find direct route to
America, found N America by mistake Magellan – circumnavigated the Earth
Define & Describe Columbian Exchange – exchange of goods
between Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) to New World ( Americas)
The Transatlantic Slave Trade – transported slaves to new world
Mercantilism – economic policy to gain wealth by controlling trade & est. colonies
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION How each event lead to the Scientific
RevolutionThe Renaissance – encouraged questioning
& individual achievement/successThe Protestant Reformation – encouraged
questioning of church practices Age of Exploration – encouraged discovery
of new things
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION The Heliocentric Theory was a key
idea during the Scientific Revolution that caused tension with the Catholic church because…The church taught the geocentric theory so
they feared they would lose authority and power
Effects of the Scientific Revolution Led to continued questioning of tradition Using reasoning and science to explain the
world Led to the Enlightenment – period of time
where new ideas were made in government, economics, education, etc.
AGE OF ABSOLUTISM Absolutism
King/queen has full control of kingdom & people
Divine Right Claim of absolute rule comes from god
Louis XIV Centralized French gov’t, est. Palace of
Versailles Peter the Great
Policy to Westernization to modernize Russia, built St. Petersburg
AGE OF ABSOLUTISM In what ways did England try to
decrease power of absolute rulers? Magna Carta – kings must obey laws like
everyone elseParliament – legislative body to make lawsEnglish Bill of Rights – more power given to
Parliament and citizens