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Aztec Civilizations
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Aztecs
A powerful empire
in Central Valley
of modern-day
Mexico.
In an area that
today is Mexico
City (Valley of
Mexico).
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Geography
Swampy
Aztecs had to build terraces on hills that were
previously not farmable.
The swamps provided them with wild plants, fish,
frogs, and ducks to eat.
Agriculture became the basis for success of the
Aztec Civilization.
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Floating Gardens
To expand their agricultural lands, the Aztecs built
floating gardens in the swamps.
In these gardens, known chinampas, they grew corn,
avocados, beans, chili peppers, squash, and
tomatoes.
Aztec food production allowed for an expansion in
population and wealth that permitted them to expand
their empire.
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Tenochtitlan
They built a capital city,
Tenochtitlan, in the
middle of a giant lake
connected to the
mainland by causeways
and floating gardens.
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Aztec Social Order
The Aztecs were led by strong emperors who also
claimed to be descendants of the gods. Aztec society
was made up of four classes: nobles, commoners,
unskilled laborers, and enslaved people.
They sustained themselves with agriculture and trade.
They paid tributes to the gods and practiced a
polytheistic religion that prescribed human sacrifice.
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Aztec Religion
A huge pyramid, the Great Temple in
Tenochtitlan, was built to honor the Aztec gods.
Thousands of people were sacrificed at the top
of this temple.
A sacred calendar used for worship and a solar
calendar for agricultural purposes were also
developed by the Aztecs.
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The final demise of the Aztec civilization came
when Montezuma, the Aztec emperor, was
defeated by the Spanish conqueror, Hernan
Cortes in June, 1521 AD.