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Ayurveda Ayurveda
Presented to you by:Presented to you by:The ChakrasThe ChakrasPresented to you by:Presented to you by:The ChakrasThe Chakras
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Hand-Out
Ayurveda
Worlds oldest system of natural medicineTraditional, comprehensive, evolved over 5000 yrs
Veda = “knowledge or science”Ayus = “life or lifespan”
Ayurveda means... “Science of Life” or “Knowledge of the Lifespan”
Deals with the principles of creation, preservation and restoration of health, and the promotion of longevity
(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)
Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine
• Early health-care was considered a part of a spiritual tradition
• The early Sages: – deeply devoted to God
– received knowledge of Ayurveda through divine revelation
– Knowledge transmitted orally & eventually transcribed into books
• 600 B.C. two schools of Ayurveda formed: School of Physicians & the School of Surgeons– They established a strong empirical foundation for Ayurveda
• Consequently, Ayurveda grew into a respected & widely used system of healing in India
(Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)
Brief History of Ayurvedic Medicine
• 400 B.C. Ayurvedic texts translated into Chinese
– Many Chinese scholars came to India to study Ayurveda
• 800 A.D. Ayurvedic books translated into Arabic
• 900 A.D. Islamic physicians quoting Ayurvedic texts
– became very influential & contributed to evolution of medicine in Europe
• 1600 A.D. Paracelsus, (Renaissance physician) practiced a system of medicine that borrowed heavily from Ayurveda
• Significant obstacle for the scientific credibility of Ayurveda was the lack of standardization, adherence to traditional methods for preparing formulas
(Mishra, Singh & Dagenais, 2001)
Ayurveda
Goal: to integrate & balance the body, mind, spirit. This is believed to help prevent illness
& promote wellness
Many therapies used in Ayurvedic medicine are also used on their own as CAM—i.e. herbs,
massage, & specialized diets
(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)
Ayurveda is Holistic• View of the individual as an integrated whole,
not a collection of parts• Sees the person as intimately connected to
nature and the universe
Environment, relationships, job and constitutional type, diet & activities, the weather & seasons are important when considering prevention, diagnosis & treatment
MENTAL PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SPIRITUAL
(National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2005)
An Emphasis on Balance
• The human body is part of nature – when it runs perfectly as designed, it can be perfectly healthy
• Using self-healing and self-regulating, it is trying to be healthy at all times (homeostatic balance)
Interference causes imbalance• Wrong diet, poor exercise, negative thinking, stress and fatigue etc.
(Morrison & Svoboda; 1995)
The five fundamental elements that make up the universe:
space, air, fire, water & earth
also make up the human physiology
These energies are called...“doshas”(Mishra, Singh, & Dagenais, 2001)
DOSHAS/ DOSAS
Structure & Energy• Concept of dosha has two fundamental ideas:
1. Its being a bioenergetic substance
1. Its acting as a bioenergetic regulatory physiological force, process, principle
(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)
Three Doshasvata pitta kapha
(Fontaine, 2005)
VataElements: air & space
Climate: dry & cold
Principle: movement
Emotions: fearful, anxious, sensitive, nervous, changeable
Systems Most Affected by Vata Imbalances: CNS & colon
Symptoms of Vata Imbalance: flatulence, back pain, circulation problems, dry skin, fearfulness, arthritis, constipation and CNS disorders
(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)
PittaElements: fire & water
Climate: hot & moist
Principle: transformation
Emotions:
hate, anger, intolerance, impatience, jealousy, humour, intelligence, warm-heartedness.
Systems of Pitta Imbalance:
skin disorders, acidity, sun-sensitivity, premature hair loss or loss of hair colour, diarrhea
(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)
KaphaElements: water & earth
Climate: cold & damp
Principle: cohesion
Emotions:
stubbornness, greed, jealousy, possessiveness, lethargy, reliability & methodical behaviour, kindliness, motherliness
Systems of Kapha Imbalance:
congestion, bronchial/nasal discharge, sluggish, digestion, nausea, slow mental responses, idleness, desire for sleep, excess weight, fluid retention
(Fontaine, 2005; Ninivaggi, 2008)
Ayurveda & Transcultural Nursing Perspectives
Leininger’s Modes of Action & Decisionsa. Culture Care Preservation/Maintenance
Nursing Goal: identify practices based on care preservation & maintenance for healthy outcomes
b. Culture Care Accommodation/NegotiationNursing Goal: accommodating of herbs & special diets Awareness of meditation practices
c. Culture Care Repatterning/Restructuring Nursing Goal: awareness of practices & legal issues
(Larson-Presswalla, 1994)
Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
Definition of Consciousness - Interaction With Environment
PERSON•Imbedded in & interacting with the larger energy system known as the universe•Known for their ways of being, patterns of energy, & distinctness from others
ENVIRONMENT•Human beings are related to the larger universe, always in interaction with the environment•Consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person-environment interaction
(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)
Ayurveda & Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
HEALTH•Incorporates disease as a manifestation of the evolving pattern (information) of the whole person in interaction with the environment
NURSING•Goal: to utilize their power that is within as they evolve toward higher level of consciousness
(Newman & Moch, 1991; Pharris & Endo, 2007)
Application to Nursing Practice
• Patient Safety Ayurvedic Medications
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2008/2008_73-eng.php
• Patient Education • Nurse Education
Determining Dosha types and reviewing lifestyles
(Narayanasamy & Narayanasamy, 2006)
Personal Background of the Practitioner
• RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.
Ayurvedic Physician & Lecturer Certified Holistic Practitioner PanchaKarma Specialist Quality Assurance Person (Q.A.P.) Co-Founder & Director of ICAP Inc. (International Council of Ayurvedic
Physician Inc.) Director of IIACM Inc. (Institute of Ayurveda & Complimentary Medicines
Inc.)
Personal Background of the Practitioner
• RAKESH R. MODI (Ayurveda Guru) B.A.M.S., D.Ac., Dr.Ac., M.Ac., M.Ac.F., C.A.H.P.
• Family Tradition - 4th generation practitioner• Father emigrated to Canada & opened practice in Toronto• Dr. Modi continued with practice: expanded & modernized
it • Brought a modern influence to an ancient system
Training is accredited and licensed, but specific to individual, private schools /
institutions that certify individual practitioners.
(RNAO, 2009; AMANA, 2009)
Training / Licensing Requirements for Ayurveda
Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship
Knowledge Gained from the Interview:
• Lifestyle: Plays an important part in maintaining mind-body-spirit
relationship
• Food and Diet: What you eat will affect your physical and mental health
• Work and Leisure: The way we handle our bodies will affect the mind-body-spirit
relationship
• Our body & mind are interconnected & inseparable
• Dr. Modi’s statements were in line with the research literature
• Food and Diet: – What we eat plays a big part in determining health
– Brings strength, complexion, happiness & longevity without disturbing the equilibrium of dhatus (tissues) & doshas of the body
• Work and Leisure: – These are activities as opportunities to counter any imbalances & nurture
the mental, emotional & inner aspects
• Take Home Point: The way we handle our body will ultimately affect our mind & spirit
(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Sharma, 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007)
Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship
Knowledge Gained from Literature:
• Holistic knowledge: the whole range of life, inner, and outer
• Individual as an integrated whole: not just a collection of parts (eyes, lungs, heart)
• Each and every person is unique, with their own individualistic mind, body constitution & life circumstances
(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009; NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)
Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship
Knowledge Gained from Literature:
• Body uses its innate self healing as a self regulating ability for a perfect homeostatic balance
• Doshas work together to produce strong healthy tissues.
• Doshas are balanced if the mind & body are in harmony producing emotional & mental stabilities. Simply, what we eat and do each day & how we think & feel are
the influences in maintaining a good body-mind-spirit relationship(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995; Anselmo & Brooks, 1996; Garodia et. al, 2007; Mishra et. al, 2001; Lenora, 2009;
NCCAM, 2005; Narayanasamy; 2006; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Larson-Presswalla; 1994)
Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship
Knowledge Gained from Literature: • Dr. Vasant teaches that certain negative emotions are connected with
specific body muscles & organs
(Morrison & Svoboda, 1995)
Ayurveda & Mind Body Spirit Relationship
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Interview comments:• The practice of Ayurveda
Diet Adjustment to lifestyle & workstyles Education
• Ayurveda Diagnosis Initial assessment through observation Pulse diagnosis
• Ayurveda Treatment Panchakarma (Five actions of cleansing) Shiro Dhara (Oil dripping on forehead)
• Mental health and Ayurveda Mental Health and Addictions department collaboration on research about mental
health and Ayurveda Extensive research being conducted in Ayurveda and mental illness
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Literature on Ayurveda:
• Imbalance in mental doshas (satogun, rajogun & tamogun) & body doshas (vata, pita & kapha) causes major illness.
• Management includes: Clinical examination
Diagnosis – essentially done by observation, touch & questioning
Dietary Interventions
Lifestyle Interventions
Treatment
(Mishra, 2001)
Literature on Ayurveda:• Clinical examination consists of a 8-point diagnosis:
Pulse diagnosis Urine, stool, tongue, voice & body sounds Eye, skin, & total body appearance examination Digestive system & physical health examination Additional examinations include digestive capacity, personal
habits & resilience
(Mishra, 2001)
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Literature on Ayurveda:• Treatment
Panchakarma (Cleansing) Palliation Dietary & lifestyle interventions Herbal dietary supplements Yoga Massage Education
(Mishra, 2001)
Literature on Ayurveda: • Diet
Vital to health management According to:
oYour Primary DoshaoSeasonoClimateoAge & SexoQualities of Food
(Mishra, 2001)
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Literature on Ayurveda: Ayurveda & Mental Health • Study on treatment of schizophrenia with Ayurvedic
medicine• Treatment of depression with Ayurvedic medicine• Shirodhara (dripping oil on the forehead)
Anxiety Altered state of consciousness ADHD
(Agarwal et al., 2009; Krishnamurthy & Telles, 2007; Ohja, Kumar, & Rai, 2007; Uebaba et al., 2008)
Dr. Modi’s Comments & Our Assessment of Ayurvedic Research
Payment Structure/Fees • Ayurvedic Consultation $115
Follow up consultation $50
• Sliding Scale of Treatment & Payment options
• Diamond / Golden / Silver Packages Panchakarma - rejuvenation & cleansing
o $ 325 (+3hr session) - $ 175 (1½ hr session) Shirodhara - flowing stream of medicated warm oil on forehead
(third eye) o $ 120 (1½ hr session ) - $ 30 (15min)
Abhayanga (Ayurvedic Healing Massage) o $190 (2 hours) - $ 45 (½ hour)
http://www.ayurvedtoronto.com/services.htm
Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine
Similarities• both conceptualize essence of life in terms of the ebb &
flow of energy • focus on the patient rather than the disease• aim to promote health & enhance quality of life• symptoms mean very little by themselves • examines every person holistically & by their body type
to properly form diagnoses• many overlapping herbs used in both traditions
(Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)
Ayurveda & Traditional Chinese Medicine
Differences• TCM diagnoses patients based on to the Ying & Yang Theory
practitioners see the body as a unified whole with opposing aspects
every element, function & feeling has a complementary opposite
view illness as a result of Yin & Yang imbalance
• Ayurveda concerned with achieving balance between the three doshas views the body as a series of energy channels
disease is seen as an impairment to the flow of energy through these channels
(Patwardhan, Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, 2005)
Ayurveda & Reiki• Both approaches grounded in the belief of life
energies• Reiki is a purely energy based therapy• Ayurveda concerned with seven major Chakras
(Miles & True, 2003)
Ayurveda & Aromatherapy• Utilize many of the same raw materials– essential oils, absolutes, phytoncides , herbal
distillates, infusions, carrier oils• Both apply the principle of synergism of essential
oils with the body to heal the mind, improve cognitive functioning & overall health
• Both systems believe the nose to be the gateway to the brain & consciousness
(van der Watt, & Janca, 2008)
How is Ayurveda perceived and its relevance to our caring-healing
praxis?
Hands-On! Ayurvedic Methods & Techniques
• Video Demonstrations• Class Exercise
What’s your dosha? How to balance your dosha?
ReferencesAgarwal, V., Abhijnhan, A., & Raviraj, P. (2009). Ayurvedic medicine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane
Collaboration, 4, 1-35.
Anselmo, P., & Brooks, J. (1996). Ayurvedic Secrets to Longevity and Total Health. London: Prentice Hall.
Biswas, T., & Mukherjee, B. (2003). Plant medicines of Indian origin for wound healing activities: A review. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 2(1), 25-39.
Fontaine, K.L. (2005). Complementary & alternative therapies for nursing practice. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education Inc.
Garodia, P., Ichikawa, H., Malani, N., Sethi, G., & Aggarwal, B. (2007). From Ancient Medicine to Modern Medicine: Ayurvedic Concepts of Health and Their Role in Inflammation and Cancer. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology, 5(1), 1-16.
Krishnamurthy, M., & Telles, S. (2007). Assessing depression following two ancient Indian interventions: Effects of yoga and Ayurveda on older adults in a residential home. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 33(2), 17-23.
Larson-Presswalla, J. (1994). Insights Into Eastern Health Care: Some Transcultural Nursing Perspectives. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 5 (1), 21-24.
ReferencesLenora, S. (1968). Ayurveda Medicine: The Strange and Fascinating Tale of the Art and Science of
Indian Medicine. Clinical Pediatrics, 7, 239-242.
Miles, P., & True, G. (2003). Reiki: Review of a Biofield Therapy. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 62–72.
Mishra, L. (2001). Healthcare and disease management in Ayurveda. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 44-50.
Mishra, L., Singh, B.B., & Dagenais, S. (2001). Ayurveda: A Historical Perspective And Principles of the Traditional Healthcare System in India. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 7(2), 36-42.
Narayanasamy, A. & Narayanasamy, M. (2006). Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction for Nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 15(21), 1185-1190.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (2005). Ayurvedia Medicine: An Introduction. Retrieved October 23, 2009, from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm
Newman, M. A., & Moch, S. D. (1991). Life Patterns of Persons with Coronary Heart Disease. Nursing Science Quarterly, 4(4), 161-167.
ReferencesNinivaggi, F.J. (2008). Ayurveda: A comprehensive guide to traditional Indian medicine for the West.
Praeger Publishers, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc.
Ohja, N., Kumar, A., & Rai, M. (2007). Clinical study on the role of Ayurvedic compound (Manas Niyamak Yoga) and Shirodhara in the management of ADHD in children. National Institute of Ayurveda.
Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comparative Overview. eCAM, 2(4), 465–473.
Pharris, M. D., & Endo, E. (2007). Flying Free: The Evolving Nature of Nursing Practice Guided by the Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20(2), 136-140
Sharma, V. (2009). Diets based on Ayurvedic constitution-potential for weight management. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 15(1), 44-47.
Uebaba et al., (2008). Psychoneuroimmunologic effects of Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment.
Journal of Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, 14, 1189-1198.
van der Watt, G., & Janca, A. (2008). Aromatherapy in nursing and mental health care. Contemporary Nurse, 30 (1), 69-75.