axial and mixed flow pumps (mechanics) one-day training
TRANSCRIPT
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One-day training
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Funded by Partners
Session 1 – Introduction, training objectives and pre-training evaluation
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
What do you expect to learn from this training?
In groups, discuss what
you think you’ll learn
today.
Choose one of the
participants to speak for
the group.
Take Notes.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
1. Introduction, training objectives and pre-training
evaluation
2. Introduction to the axial flow pump and mixed
flow pump
3. Major parts of the axial and mixed flow pumps
4. Common causes of axial and mixed flow pump
failure and breakdown and their potential solutions
Today’s sessions
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Today’s sessions
5. Common causes of axial and mixed flow pump
failure and breakdown – practical troubleshooting)
6. Review of key messages, post-training evaluation
and close of training
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
What kind of training is this?
This is participatory training, so:
• Ask questions and speak.
• Learn by experience – run irrigation pumps
yourself and learn how to operate them.
• Learn by discussing each topic with your group.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
• Speak up when the facilitator asks questions – and
ask questions yourself. This way we can learn
from each other.
• Feel free to ask questions and to contribute your
knowledge!
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
• Make sure you get
time to practice how
to set up and operate
the pump.
• Have fun!
Please enjoy this training!
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One-day training
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Funded by Partners
Session 2 – Introduction to the axial flow pump and mixed flow pump
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
What is an axial flow pump?
An axial flow pump (AFP)
is a pump driven by
(1) a shaft encased in a
long pipe, and
(2) an impeller (this is a reverse directed propeller –
like on a boat – which is powered by a diesel
engine or electric motor).
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
A mixed flow pump has a ‘bell’ at the end, where
water is sucked into the pump. The impeller is
usually larger than the diameter of the conduit pipe
in which the shaft is encased.
Axial and mixed flow pumps were developed by
innovative farmers in Vietnam and Thailand in the
1960s and are now common throughout Southeast
Asia.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Both pumps are known as ‘propeller pumps’ –
because the impeller works much like a boat
propeller.
To run either an axial or mixed flow pump, a two-
wheeled tractor or a diesel engine of 12-16 HP is
usually necessary, unless engines are directly
coupled. However, these are rare in South Asia.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Using these pumps to irrigate farmers’ fields can be
profitable – for the pump owner and for the farmer
too!
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Differences between the AFP/MFP and the centrifugal pump
Criteria AFP/MFP Centrifugal pump23
Capacity high low
Frictional loss low high
Operating cost low high
Power transmission high efficiency low efficiency
Operating time required less more
Manufacture easy to fabricate difficult to fabricate
Fuel consumption low high
Water lifting heightup to about 3 m (and
fuel efficient)
over 3 m
(but with low fuel efficiency
when lift < 3m)
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Advantages of the AFP
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1.0 m2.0 m
3.0 m
AFP
Centrifugal
Early experiments show
that:
• At 1 m lift, the AFP is
51% more fuel efficient
than the centrifugal
pump.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
• At 2 m lift, the AFP is 21% more fuel efficient than
the centrifugal pump.
• At 3 m lift, the AFP discharges more water but the
fuel cost is higher.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Mixed flow pumps can provide increased lift height.
Experiments are under way to determine the best
engineering approach to developing highly fuel
efficient MFPs.
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One-day training
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Funded by Partners
Session 3 – Major parts of the axial or mixed flow pump and their functions
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Major parts of the axial flow pump and their functions
1
2 3 4
56 7
8 9
1. Pipe column
2. Bearinghouse mount
3. Bearinghousing
4. Inlet side drive shaft
5. Thrust bearing
6. Ball bearing
7. Additional ballbearing
8. Shaft collar
9. Mountedbearing
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
1011
1213
14 10. Inlet screen
11. Impeller
12. Suction end bushing
13. Suction end stator
14. Suction bell
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Prevents dirt and other stray
materials from getting into the
pump from the canal, pond or
river that the water is pumped
from.
The inlet screen
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
The impeller
Pumps/pushes water upward
through the pipe or conduit.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
The suction end stator
Straightens water flow and
reduces turbulence.
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shaft
bearing housing
One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
The driving shaft
Drives the impeller
The bearing housing
Holds the bearings
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
The pipe/conduit
Transfers the water pumped by
the impeller until delivery.
Note: this pump is an AFP (not
MFP) because it does not have
a ‘bell’ shape at the end of the
pump from where water is
drawn.
pipe
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Holds the impeller and shaft in place
The bushing
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Drives the shaft to rotate the
impeller (powered by an
engine)pulley
The pulley
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
The diffuser vane
Straightens the water
after it is transferred
by the impeller into
the conduit pipe
diffuser vane
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Review of Key messages
• The axial pump and the mixed flow pump are very
similar.
• Axial flow pumps have smaller impellers – these fits
inside the conduit pipe.
• The mixed flow pumps has larger which is wider
than the conduit pipe. It delivers more water than an
axial flow pump.
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Name of part Functions
Inlet screenBlocks dirt and other stray materials from getting into the pump from thecanal, pond or river where water is pumped from
Impeller Pumps/pushes water upward through the pipe or conduit
Driving shaft Drives the impeller, which pushes water up the pump
Pipe or conduit Holds the water pumped by the impeller until delivery
Bearing
housingHold the bearings
Bushing Works like a bearing and holds the shaft in place
Pulley Drives the shaft (powered from an engine)
Diffuser vane Straighten the water flow and reduces turbulence
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One-day training
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Funded by Partners
Session 4 – Common causes of failure and breakdown of the axial flow
pump and mixed flow pump (potential solutions)
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Problem 1: the pump shaft breaks
Symptoms:
Abnormal sounds from
the pump or no water
discharge
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Causes:
(1) over-running the pump
(2) excessively high water lift height
(3) faulty shaft
Effects:
Complete pump failure (meaning that the pump cannot
be used)
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Spare parts required:
Shaft
Where to get or make/repair spare parts:
collect new one from a dealer or make another one
with a new pipe
Tools required:
dual wrench, adjustable wrench, screwdriver, hammer
and puller
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Problem 2: water leakage during pumping due to faulty oil seal
Symptoms:
Water leakage from the base
of oil seal
bearing
bearing support
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Cause(s):
(1) tearing or loosening
of the oil seal
(2) loosening of nuts
and bolts
(3) bent shaft
Effects:
(1) water gets into the
bearing and causes
bearing damage
(2) reduction of water
discharge/efficiency
(3) increased fuel cost
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Solution:
(1) straighten the shaft
(2) replace oil seal
(3) tighten nut-bolts
(4) replace bearing support
(5) replace faulty bearings
Spare parts required:
oil seal, bearings
Where to get spare parts:
shop deals with
pump/engine spare parts
Tools required:
dual wrench,
adjustable wrench,
screwdriver
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Problem 3: the transmission V-belt rips
Symptoms:
The v-belt connecting the engine to the pump cracks or
tears
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Causes:
(1) misalignment of the engine and pump and pulleys
(2) engine speed too high
(3) the pump pulley is too close to the engine
(4) the surface of the pulley is rough, wearing away
the belt
(5) the V-belt is old
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Effects:
(1) belt slippage
(2) reduction of
discharge
(3) increase of cost
(4) the pump fails
Prevention:
(1) align the pulley correctly in
a straight line with the
pump
(2) use a large belt if water
level is too low
(3) file the pulley until smooth
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Solution:
replace the belt (full set)
Spare parts required:
V-belt
Where to get spare part:
shop dealing in
pump/engine spare parts
Tools required:
file or sand/glass paper
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Problem 4: pump impeller breaks
Symptoms:
Low discharge of water, abnormal
vibration of the pump, lack of
water flow
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Cause:
Foreign objects or dirt are sucked into the pump,
breaking the blades or causing their disruption
Effects:
(1) reduced discharge due to partial break of
blade(s)
(2) zero discharge due to complete break of blade(s)
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Solution:
(1) repair the blade(s), and/or
(2) replace the impeller
Spare parts required:
Impeller
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Where to get or make/repair spare parts:
purchase new impeller from dealer or repair/have new
blade(s) prepared at a local workshop
Tools required:
dual wrench and adjustable wrench
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Symptoms:
these can be felt by
touching the pulley – it will
be out of shape, or show
gouges or similar defects.
Problem 5: pump pulley worn out
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Causes:
(1) loose V-belt
(2) rough surface of
pump pulley
Effects:
the V-belt tears
Spare parts required:
new V-belt, or new pulley (if
the deterioration of the pulley
is severe)
Where to get spare parts:
at a shop dealing in
pump/engine spare parts
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Tools required:
file or sand/glass paper, wrenches
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Symptoms:
excessive vibration of the
pump, faulty shaft
Problem 6: damage to shaft bushing due to deposition of sand in the pump
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Causes:
(1) the impeller is too close (less than 0.6 m) to the
bottom of the canal, pond or river, and/or
(2) running the pump in muddy or sandy water
Effects:
(1) the shaft bends/breaks, and/or
(2) bushing rips
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Prevention:
(1) always place the impeller at least 0.2 m (or never
less than 0.3 m) above the bottom of the water
body you are pumping from
(2) never run the pump in muddy or sandy water
Spare parts required:
bushing
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Where to get or make/repair spare parts:
purchase new one from dealer or repair/have a new
one made at a local workshop
Tools required:
dual wrench, adjustable wrench
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Symptoms:
Noise, overheating
bearing (s)
Problem 7: shaft bearing(s) fail
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Solution:
Replace faulty bearing (s)
Effects:
(1) power loss
(2) reduction in discharge
Causes:
(1) misalignment of the
shaft
(2) old bearing (s) Spare parts required:
bearing(s)
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Where to get spare parts:
at a shop dealing with pump/engine spare parts
Tools required:
dual wrench, adjustable wrench, screw driver, hammer,
puller and chisel
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Symptom:
black smoke comes from the
engine during operation
Problem 7: shaft bearing(s) fail
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Causes:
(1) engine speed is too high
(2) water lift height is too high
(3) engine size/horse power is too small for the
AFP/MFP being used
(4) engine is old or overloaded
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Effect:
damage can be caused to the engine
Solution:
(1) reduce engine speed
(2) pump water within the suggested range of water
lift heights
(3) select correct engine or pump
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One-day training
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
Funded by Partners
Session 5
Review of key messages, post-training evaluation and close of training
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps
• What are major parts of an axial or mixed flow
pump and their functions?
• What are major causes of failure and
breakdown of the axial/mixed flow pump?
• What is the solution if the pump shaft breaks or
bends?
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One-day training Axial and mixed flow pumps (Mechanics)
• Where can you collect new impellers?
• What is the best solution if there is water leakage
from the pipe or pump?
• How do you prevent the transmission belt ripping?
How do you deal with it when it rips?