NAVSARI AGRIULTURAL UNIVERSITY

ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICUTURE AND FORESTRY

NAVSARI - 396 450

SYNOPSIS OF RESEARCH WORK

FOR

M.Sc. [Horticulture] Floriculture and Landscape architecture

TITLE OF RESEARCH WORK:

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus on growth, Quality and flower production of golden rod (Solidago canadensis L.)”

SUBMITTED TO:

Prof. R. B. Patel

Associate Prof. (Horticulture),

Department of Floriculture And Landscape

architecture,

ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry,

N. A. U., Navsari- 396 450

SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. Chauhan Akshaykumar

Popatlal

M.Sc. (Hort.) Floriculture And Landscape

architecture,

ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry,

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N. A. U., Navsari – 396 450.

Registration No. :04-0839-2010

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Chauhan Akshaykumar Popatlal (Reg. No.-04-

0839-2010) has presented the outline of Post Graduate Research Work before the

advisory committee members as well as in department of Horticulture. All the comments

and relevant suggestions made by the committee have been incorporated.

Place: Navsari Major Guide

Date:

(Prof. R. B. Patel )

Associate Prof. (Horticulture),Department of Floriculture and Landscape architecture,ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry,

N. A. U., Navsari- 396450

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A SYNOPSIS OF RESERCH WORKFOR

M.Sc. (Floriculture and Landscape architecture)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Name of the Student : Mr. Chauhan Akshaykumar Popatlal

2. Registration No : 04-0839-2010

3. Major subject : Floriculture and Landscape architecture

4. Minor subject : Vegetable Science

5. Major Guide : Prof. R. B. Patel

Associate Professor (Horticulture),

Department of Floriculture And Landscape

architecture,

ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry

N. A. U., Navsari – 396 450

6. Minor Guide : Dr. S.N. Saravaiya

Associate Professor (Horticulture),

Department of Vegetable Science

ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry

N.A.U., Navsari –396 450.

7. Title of the Research Work : “Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus on

growth, Quality and flower production of golden rod(Solidago canadensis L.)”

8. Objectives:

To study the effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorous on vegetative & floral growth of Golden rod.

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To study the Interaction effect of N, P on vegetative & flower production and quality of Golden rod.

To find out the Phisibility of Economics

INTRODUCTION:

Goldenrod is native to North American range newly introduced to Europe as

ornamental plant in the 1960 or 1970s. 'Goldenrod collectively is a delight to the eye for

its colour and indispensable factor in the landscape' (Werner and Piatt, 1976). In Europe

it was considered as an environmental weed. However, for decorative purpose, it is used

as cut flowers for vase and table arrangements as well as for preparation of flower

bouquets. It is also a potential source of natural herbicide, essential oil and natural

fungicide.it is an anti-inflammatory, anti-catarrhal and antiseptic to the mucas

membranes. It is especially useful in the treatment of chronic naso-pharyngeal catarrh .

In past years the crop did not receive so much attention. But to maintain production at

higher level with desirable export quality flower, a balanced nutrient management

schedule is of prime importance. The aforesaid points lead to plan the present

investigation to find out a suitable nutrient management program with the objective to

study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus application on growth and flowering attributes

of goldenrod.

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Brief Review of Research Work done:

Sodha et al (1999) reported that the suckers of golden rod should be planted at 30 x 20 cm distance and fertilized with 150 kg N/ha gives maximum number of leaves per plant, number of suckers per plant, fresh and dry weight of plant, length of flowering region , number of inflorescence branches per panicle , higher yield of panicles per hectare, fresh and dry weight of panicle with a minimum number of days for flowering for one flowering season.

Desai and Saravaiya(2010) reported that t o obtain higher profitable and better quality of panicles of golden rod it may be fertilized with pressmud 10 t ha-1, 200 kg N ha-1 and 50 kg P ha-1, where half dose of nitrogen and full dose of pressmud and phosphorus should be applied at the time of planting and remaining half dose of nitrogen should be applied one month after planting.

The stunted growth of plants, reduction in number of leaves in china aster, zinnia and salvia caused due to deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorous was reported by Bose and Das (1966).

In china aster, the application of N at 180 kg and P at 120 kg/ha resulted in moreplant height, leaf area and dry matter production (Maheswar, 1977), while in marigold, application of 225 kg N+ 120 kg P2O5 per hectare increased the plant height and number of leaves per plant (Nalawadi, 1982).

Ramachandra (1982) in china aster also recorded increase in plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter production with the application of 120 kg N and 60 kg P2O5 per hectare.

Narayana Gowda (1985) noticed increase in plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight at 180 kg N and 100 kg P application per hectare in china aster.

In chrysanthemum, Jayanthi and Gowda (1988) recorded the higher plant height with fertilizer dose of 40 g N + 40 g P2O5/m2 and more plant spread, number of

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branches per plant and total dry matter production with fertilizer dose of 30 g N and 40 g P2O5/sq. m.

Mantur (1988) observed increased plant height, number of branches, leaf area and total dry matter production with increasing levels of N and P but effect of K showed reverse result in china aster.

Mokashi (1988) reported the non increase in the plant height, number of branches and number of leaves with increased levels of N and P in gaillardia.

A significant increase in plant height, number of branches and plant spread in calendula was noticed with higher doses of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (Sigedar et al., 1991).

A fertilizer dose of 150 kg N and 100 kg P2O5 per hectare in everlasting flower (Sharanabasappa, 1990) and fertilizer dose of 20 g N and 10 g P/m2 in cosmos (Jana and Pal, 1991) increased the number of leaves.

Venugopal (1991) noticed the increased in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter production with increases in the nitrogen levels up to 200 kg per hectare in everlasting flower.

Singhlodhi and Tiwari (1993) observed significantly increases in plant height and spread in chrysanthemum with the application of 45 g nitrogen along with 45 g phosphorous per m2.

Agarwal et al. (2002) reported that application of nitrogen @ 200 kg per hectare and potassium 200 kg hectare was significantly increased plant height and number of branches per plant in marigold.

Mohanty et al. (2002) reported that application of nitrogen at 10 g per m2 and phosphorous at 20 g per m2 resulted in increased growth in marigold.

Sayed Khallil (1982) observed that application of 100 kg N per hectare had significantly increased the number of flowers per plant, weight of flowers per plant, yield per plant and yield per hectare in gaillardia.

Yadav et al. (1985) showed that application of 200 kg P2O5 per hectare gave maximum vegetative growth in tuberose. The plants supplied with high phosphorous produced significantly greater number of flowers and weight of flowers than control.

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Ravindran and Reddy (1986) observed higher flower yield with higher N rates of 90 kg per hectare in marigold.

Anuradha et al. (1988) noticed that number of flowers per plant, flower size andweight of flowers per plant increased with increasing levels of N and P in marigold.

Jayanthi and Gowda (1988) obtained more flower diameter by the application of 30 g N and 20 P2O5 per m2 in chrysanthemum. The application of 30 g N and 40 g P2O5 per m2 resulted in the higher flower yield followed by the application of 20 g N and 40 g P2O5 per m2.

Arulmozhiyan and Pappaiah (1989) obtained higher flower yield with the application of nitrogen at 120 kg and phosphorous at 90 kg/ha in marigold.

Anuradha et al. (1990) found significant increase in the flower size and stalk length in marigold by increasing the dose of N and P.

Sharanabasappa (1990) observed maximum flower yield in helichrysum with theapplication of N and P2O5 at 150 kg and 100 kg/ha, respectively.

Amrajeet Singh et al. (1996) in tuberose, increased spike and rachis length wasobserved with increased dose of nitrogen and phosphorous.

John and Paul (1999) recorded the number of flower per plant, flower size and flower weight significantly improved with the application of nitrogen and phosphorous in chrysanthemum.

Significant increase in flower yield (7.35 tonnes per hectare) with increased nitrogen level (200 kg/ha) was reported by Venugopal and Patil (2000) in everlasting flower.

Agarwal et al. (2002) reported that application of nitrogen @ 20 kg/ha and potassium @ 200 kg/ha significantly increased the number of flowers per plant, diameter of the flowers, flower yield and seed yield in marigold.

Mohanty et al. (2002) reported that application of nitrogen at 10 g/m2and phosphorous at 20 g/m2 resulted increase number of flower per plant and flower yield per plant in marigold.

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Technical programme of research work:

1. Location : Floriculture farm,

ASPEE College of Horticulture & Forestry,

N. A. U., Navsari- 396 450

2. Crop : Golden Rod

3. Year and season : 2011-2012

4. Design of experiment : Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept

5. Planting Distance : 30 x 20 c.m.

6. Plot size : Net = 1.2 x 0.8 m

Gross =1.8 x 1.2 m

7. Plant population : Net = 16

Gross = 36

8. Replications : 3

9. Total number of treatments : 16

10. Treatment details:

Factor I :- Nitrogen Levels Factor II :- Phosphorus levels

N0: 0 kg/h P0: 0 kg/h

N1:150 kg/h P1: 50 kg/h

N2: 175 Kg/h P2: 75 kg/h

N3: 200 kg/h P3: 100 kg/h

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Observations to be recorded: (A–E)

A. Vegetative Characters:

1) Number of leaves per plant2) Width of leaf (cm)3) Length of leaf (cm)4) Number of suckers per plant5) plant height (cm)6) plant spread (cm2)7) fresh weight (g) of plant8) Dry weight of plant (g)

B. Flowering and Yield Characters :

1) Number of days taken for flowering2) Length of panicle (cm)3) Number of inflorescence branches per panicle4) Length of flowering region (cm)5) Spread of inflorescence branches (cm)6) Diameter of cut flower stalk (cm)7) Fresh weight (g) of panicle8) Dry weight (g) of panicle9) Number of panicle per plant10) Yield of panicle per plot and per hectare

C. Quality Character

1) Vase life of Panicles

D. Soil & Plant analysis

1) Soil analysis Before and after Cropping2) Plant analysis Before and after Croping

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E. Economics

References

Lale, S.R., V.J. Kawarkhe, R.N. Jane and B.M. Muradi, (2003). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and yield of golden rod. Orissa J. Hort. 31 (2): 24-28.

Biswas, J. and Parya, C. (2008). STUDIES ON INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF GOLDEN ROD. Orissa J. Hort. 36 (2): 146-148

Kumar,Jitendra; SS. Chuhan. and P.V. Singh, (2003). Response of N and P fertilization on China aster. journal of Ornamental Horticultur, 6 (1) 82

Paswan, L. and R.K. Machahary, (2000). Effect of nitrogen on Bahiagrass. journal of Ornamental Horticultur New Series, 3 (2) : 87-90

Anuradha, K.; Pampapathy, K. and Narayana, N. (1990). Effect of N and P205 on the nutrient composition and uptake by marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). South Indian Horti. 36(4) : 209-211.

Arora, J.S. and Jhon, A.Q. (1978). Effect of different levels of nitrogen, their time of application and plant density on the growth and flowering of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cv. Marguerite Scarlet. Indian J. Hort. 35(3) : 254-259.

Arora, J.S. and Singh, J. (1980). Effect of N and P205 on growth and flower production on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). Proceeding National Seminar on production technology for Commercial Flower Crop. pp.83-84.

Bapusaheb, I.R. (1981). Studies on the response of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and flower production. Thesis Abs. 7(2): 143-144.

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Bose, T.K. and Das, S.M. (1966). Studies on the nutrition of ornamental plants. I Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth and flowering of aster, salvia and zinnia. Indian J. Hort, 23(1/2): 88-97.

Bose, T.K. and Roy, B.N. (1968). Studies on the nutrition of ornamental plants. II. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on growth and flowering of dianthus, cosmos and coreopsis. Indian J. Hort, 25(1 & 2) : 76-82.

Ryagi, Y.H.; Nalawadi,U.G.; Shirol,A.M.; Gangadharappa, P.M. (1996), Studies the effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of golden rod, South Indian Horti. 44(5/6) : 168-169.

Atta-Alla, H.K., MA Zaghloul, M. Barka, and K.H. Hashish, (2003). Effect of organic manure and NPK fertilizers on the vegetative growth, flowering and chemical composition of some gladiolus cultivars. Annals of Agricultural Science, 42 (2): 889-912.

Rajmari, M.M. and K.S. Sundaram, (1997). Influence of varying levels of N, P and K on the growth and yield of rose cv. Happines. South Indian Hort. 45 (1-2): 72-74.

Ryagi, Y.H. and U.G. Nalwadi, (1996). Effect of plant density and different nitrogen levels on yield and yield attributes of goldenrod. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 9 (1): 173-176.

Sehrawat, S.K., D.S. Dahiya, S. Sukhbirand GS. Rana, (2003). Growth, flowering and corm production in gladiolus as influenced by NPK application. Haryana J. HortiSci, 32 (3): 222-224.

Werner, P. A. and W.J. Piatt, (1976). Ecological relationship of co-occuring golden rods (Solidago .compositae). Amen Nat M0 •959-971.

Bell, C. and Taylor, Bryan J. 1982. Florida Wild Flowers and Roadside Plants. Laurel Hill Press, Chapel Hill.

Knopf, Alfred A. 1979. National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Wild Flowers, Eastern Region. National Audubon Society, N.Y.

Orsorio, Rufino. 2001. A Gardener’s Guide to Florida’s Native Plants. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida.

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Signature of Student Signature of Major Guide

( Chauhan Akshay P. ) ( Prof. R. B. Patel )

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

No. Member Name and Designation Signature

1 Major guide Prof. R. B. Patel

Asso. Prof. (Horticulture)A.C.H.F.N.A.U., Navsari – 396 450.

2 Co- guide Dr. S.N. SaravaiyaAsso. Prof (Horticulture)A.C.H.FN.A.U., Navsari –396 450.

3 Member Prof. H. N. ChhatrolaAssociate Prof. (Statistics)A.C.H.F.N.A.U.; Navsari – 396 450.

4 Member Dr. S.L.Chawla

Asso. Research.Sci. (Horticulture)A.C.H.F.

N.A.U., Navsari – 396 450

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