awareness of and preparation for climate change at ports source: iaphworldports.org
TRANSCRIPT
Awareness of and Preparation for Climate Change
at Ports
Source: IAPHworldports.org
Context90% of the world’s
freight moves through ports (IMO 2008)
Scientific Context
Climate change:
Sea level rise by 2100: 0.18 - 0.59m (IPCC 2007)
0.50m (USACE/mNRC-I)
1.00m (USACE/mNRC-II)
1.38m (USACE/mNRC-III)
More intense storms: faster winds, higher storm
surge, more precipitation (IPCC 2007; Emanuel 2005; Knutsen & Tuleya 2004)
Source: Anonymous
Method
Regional division
Indicator questions for
-awareness
-preparedness
Region # Survey Respondents Location of Port Respondents
Africa 5 (23%)Benin, Guinnea, Kenya,
Mozambique, South Africa
Asia 17 (17%)
China, Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Maldives, Rep.
of China, Singapore, South Korea, UAE
Europe 17 (34%)
Belgium, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands,
Spain
Latin America & Caribbean 7 (11%)Mexico, Argentina, Aruba, Jamaica, Panama, Peru
North America 43 (44%) USA, Canada
Oceania 5 (44%) Australia, New Zealand
Results – Regional Awareness
Results – Regional AwarenessWhat sea level rise do you expect by 2100?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Africa Asia Europe Latin Am. & Caribb. North America Oceania
% R
espo
nden
ts
Don't Know 0m 5m.< 5-1m. 1-2m 2m>Scientific Lit. Range
100% % region's ports within scientific range: 67% 73% 100% 80% 80%
Results – Regional AwarenessThe port community must address climate change.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Africa Asia Europe Latin Am. & Caribb. North America Oceania
% P
ort
s
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
% ports in agreement:
100% 94%88% 100% 79%
100%
Results – Regional PreparationWhat protective infrastructure does your port CURRENTLY have in place?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Africa Asia Europe Latin Am. & Caribb. North America Oceania
# P
rote
cti
on
Str
uctu
res
Coastal armoring
Natural protection
Storm insurance
Drainage pumps
Protective dike
Sea wall
Storm response plan
Storm barrier
Breakwater
avg # protectons per port: 1.00 1.421.43 1.41 1.760.40
Breakwate BreakwateBreakwate
BreakwateBreakwate
Dike Storm Ins.
Storm Ins.
Storm Ins.
Storm Plan.
Storm Plan.Sea Wall.
Results – Regional PreparationInfrastructure Projects in the next 10 years
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Africa Asia Europe Latin Am. & Caribb. North America Oceania
Ave
rag
e #
pro
ject
s p
er p
ort
Growth projects
Climate changeprotection projects
Growth projects include:-constructing terminals-constructing quays-aqcuiring land
Climate change projects include:-building storm protections-building dikes-building locks-building hurricane barriers
Results – Regional PreparationClimate Change* is currently addressed with these non-infrastructure measures.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Africa Asia Europe Latin Am. & Caribb. North America Oceania
% o
f R
egio
n's
Po
rts
insurance coverage
strategic plan
budget item
NOT addressed
design guides
insurance coverage insurance
coverageinsurance coverage
strategic plan
strategic plan
s.p
design guides
design guides
design guides
planning doc.
p.d.
b.i.
budget item
NOT a. NOT addressed
NOT addressed
NOT addressed NOT
addressed
design guides
* includes sea level rise, flooding, storm events
% ports not addressing
climate change: 33% 14% 21% 67% 34% 33%
Results - Transition
Results Summary
Most Least
Awareness Africa Asia
PreparednessAsia
North America
Africa
Latin America
Results – Storm Belt Awareness
The port community must address climate change.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Outside Storm Belts In Storm Belt
% P
ort
s
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
% ports in agreement:
Do you feel sufficiently informed about how climate change may impact your port's operations in the next 50 years?
73%
63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Outside Storm Belts In Storm Belt
% P
ort
s
Yes
No
What sea level rise do you expect by 2100?
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Outside Storm Belt In Storm Belt
% R
espo
nden
ts
Don't Know 0m 5m.< 5-1m. 1-2m 2m>Scientific Lit. Range
% region's ports within scientific range: 79% 65%
Results – Storm Belt Preparedness
What protective infrastructure does your port CURRENTLY have in place?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Outside Storm Belts In Storm Belt
# P
rote
cti
on
Str
uctu
res
Coastal armoring
Natural protection
Storm insurance
Drainage pumps
Protective dike
Sea wall
Storm response plan
Storm barrier
Breakwater
avg # protectons per port: 1.801.10
BreakwateBreakwate
Storm Ins.
Storm Plan.
Sea Wall.
Climate Change* is currently addressed with these non-infrastructure measures.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Outside Storm Belts In Storm Belt
% o
f R
egio
n's
Po
rts
design guides
insurance coverage
insurance coverage
strategic plan
design guides
p.dplanning doc
b.i.
budget item
NOT addressed
* includes sea level rise, flooding, storm events
% ports not addressing
climate change: 29% 30%
NOT addressed
budget item
planning doc
strategic plan
Infrastructure Projects in the next 10 years
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Outside Storm Belt In Storm Belt
Ave
rag
e #
pro
jec
ts p
er p
ort
Growth projects
Climate changeprotection projects
Results
Results Summary
Most Least
AwarenessAfrica
IN storm beltAsia
PreparednessAsia
North America
IN storm belt
Africa
Latin America
Learnings
Awareness != Preparedness
Asia has lots of preparedness NOW (due to storms), but unaware of future changes
Ports in storm belts have the infrastructure, but not the rest.
Perceived Consequences
Any questions?