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AW 201 – OSH 2 CHAPTER 3 - FIRE SAFETY anez/jka

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OSHA notePOLITEKNIK PRIMIER UNGKU OMARKNF co.

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Page 1: AW 201 – C3

AW 201 – OSH 2

CHAPTER 3 - FIRE SAFETY

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Page 2: AW 201 – C3

Introduction

Fire incident that may occur in workplace are :

Ongoing work process such as welding, cutting, spray painting, grinding and etc.

Confined spaces where there are flammable chemicals or oxygen content of over 23.5%.

Faulty equipment

Storage areas/ warehouse where there are flammable materials or where the process of oxidizing occurs.

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Safety

DANGER?Fire

What should you do ? Know the exit Walk fast do not run Assemble in a secured area Check your friends 2/8 – khairil hermi, saiful

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Among the main causes of fire are :

Short circuit Equipment failure such as valves and safety

devices Welding, cutting and grinding activities Overflow/ leakages of flammable liquids or

gases Overheating Contact with hot surfaces Leakage or failure of pipes Human factors such as intentional burning

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Basic of fire

Fire can be define as :

“ A chemical reaction that occurs when a flammable material and oxygen comes into contact with a heat source or ignition ”

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Fire triangle Fire will only occur when all three

elements exist. Will cease to occur with the non

existence or elimination of any single element.

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Oxygen

The source of oxygen is the air which is a combination of 78% of nitrogen, 21% of oxygen and 1% of other gases such as carbon dioxide and argon.

Oxygen may also come from various chemicals that may encourage fire.

These chemicals are called agents of oxidization and an example is hydrogen peroxide.

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Heat

Known as the source of ignition Actually a form of energy where upon

contact with oxygen and flammables will start a fire.

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Flammable material

Consists of organic materials ( carbon) such as petrol, paper, wood and non organic material ( no carbon) such as hydrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.

Flammable have different ignition points/ temperature.

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Burning process

The occurrence of fire releases a form of energy that provides the source of energy to continue burning and releasing heat.

Vapour or gas may ignite due to sparks or small flames

Solid and liquid requires 2-5% more heat and oxygen.

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Spreading of fire

a) Direct burning- the burning of materials by direct heating

without any agent.

b) Transfer of heat flow

- spread of heat through a solid medium Convection

- upward spread of heatanez/jka

Page 17: AW 201 – C3

radiation- direct spreading of heat to other objects.- spreading through open spaces.

c) Movement of flammables Burning liquid Flammable vapour that is produced by

the heat of burning solid materials

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Page 18: AW 201 – C3

Classes of fire

Fire can be classified based on codes and standards :

i. NFPA 10 : 1984 Code (Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers)

National Fire Protection Association

CLASS TYPE OF FIRE

A Wood, paper , rubber and plastic

B Flammable liquid , oil, grease, tar, paint and gas

C Electrical equipments with connected electrical supply

D Metals

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ii. Code BS EN2 : 1992 (Eurocode)

CLASS TYPE OF FIRE

A Solids that cause fire

B Liquid

C Gas / vapour

D Metals

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Classes for industrial processes

Pool fire liquid / flowing liquid

Fireballs

Fire of vapour clouds

i. Type 1 : Fire w/o explosion

ii. Type 2 : Fire due to explosion

iii. Type 3 : Fire that may causing explosion

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Page 21: AW 201 – C3

Cont.

Fire jets (vapour)

Fire of solidsi. Burning of solidsii. Burning of dusts

Warehouse fire

Fire involving oxygenanez/jka

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Pool fire liquid

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Fire balls

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Fire jet

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Vapour cloud

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Fire hazard control

Fire hazards may be controlled by :

a) Fire prevention

i. avoiding surge of flammable into the atmosphere

ii. Releasing of heat

iii. Controlling of heat sources ( Fire triangle )

b) Fire protection

i. Releasing of heat

ii. Enclosing or stopping supply of flammables

iii. Enclosing or stopping supply of oxygenanez/jka

Page 27: AW 201 – C3

Hazard identification through :

HAZOP – Hazards and Operability Studies.

Hazard checklist Fire and Explosion Index ( Dow Index) Chemical Exposure Index

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Safety plan

Selection of safe materials, equipments, machineries and processes includes user-friendly workplace, environmentally safe technology and safe storage systems.

Selection of safe technology

Characteristics User-friendly

Substitution of CHEMICAL

Avoid fire

Weakening of HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

De-fridgerate atmospheric temperature / Dilution

Design of EQUIPMENT Reaction may be handled and controlled Strong and suitable

Plan LAYOUT Breaks spread of fire and isolate between equipments

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Safety prevention system

Divided into two :

i. Prevention of initial incident

the purpose is to prevent the initial incident by having a detection and monitoring system, safe handling procedures and engineering controls.

Administrative controls Engineering controls

- Instructions and written procedures.- Signage / warning- Labeling of equipment- Suitability of person to job- Incentive and punishment- Inspection- Job training programme

- Better equipment / able to prevent and control mistakes.- Improved layout to minimise hazards- Better manual handling methods- Design equipment – user-friendly

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ii. Stop/control the source of the hazard as soon as the incident happens.

Extinguishing of the fire , reducing supply of flammables, dilution, emulsion, reducing oxygen content using foam and disrupting the burning process and reactions.Fire

classMaterial type Example Agent

A Normal flammable Wood, paper, fabric, plastic

Water, dry chemical, foam

B Flammable liquid and gas

Gasoline, oil, grease, LPG

CO2, foam, dry chemical, halon

C Working electrical item

Electric motor CO2, dry chemical, halon

D Flammable metal Magnesium, sodium, potassium

Dry chemical powder

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Page 31: AW 201 – C3

Safety protection system

Provides protection during fire occurrence by stopping spread of fire using :

i. Fire wall / barrier to air flowii. Fire resistant isolator – isolate fireiii. Trap fire to prevent explosioniv. Layout of tank and equipments

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Fire wall

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Fire insolator

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Layout

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Emergency response plan

Hazard identification and risk assessment. Control methods Communications – Incident Command System (ICS)

- consists of a standard management hierarchy and

procedures for managing temporary incident(s) of any

size. Announce and update emergency Cooperation of external parties Public relations

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Page 36: AW 201 – C3

Medical treatment

i. Medical surveillance and treatment system including :

- sending victim to medical centre if exposed to :

•Toxic materials from fire•Heat

ii. Ensure procedures for :

- Transportation of victims

- Appointment of officer in chargeanez/jka

Page 37: AW 201 – C3

Statutory provisions related to fire safetyi. Fire services Act 1988

provisions for the administrative methods and elimination of fire hazards.

ii. Uniform Building by Laws 1984

Detailed provisions on the construction of drains, roads and buildings.

iii. Occupational safety and health Act (OSHA 1994)

Section 15 – Provision on the duty of the employer to ensure and maintain plant safety and safe work system.

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Page 38: AW 201 – C3

The conclusion is ……………….

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Thank you…….