avt subtitles and subtitling

7/26/2019 AVT Subtitles and Subtitling

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N e w T r e n d s i n T r a n s l a t i o n S t u d i e s 9

A u d i o v i s u a l T r a n s l a t i o n S u b t i t l e s a n d S u b t i t l i n g

T h e o r y a n d P r a c t i c e

B e a r b e i t e t v o n L a u r a I n c a l c a t e r r a M c L o u g h l i n , M i r e i n e N M h a i n n n , M a r i e B i s c i o

1 . A u f l a g e 2 0 1 1 . T a s c h e n b u c h . X I V , 2 8 8 S . P a p e r b a c k

I S B N 9 7 8 3 0 3 4 3 0 2 9 9 9

F o r m a t ( B x L ) : 1 5 x 2 2 c m

G e w i c h t : 4 3 0 g

W e i t e r e F a c h g e b i e t e > L i t e r a t u r , S p r a c h e > A n g e w a n d t e S p r a c h w i s s e n s c h a f t >

P s y c h o l i n g u i s t i k , N e u r o l i n g u i s t i k , K o g n i t i o n

s c h n e l l u n d p o r t o f r e i e r h l t l i c h b e i

D i e O n l i n e - F a c h b u c h h a n d l u n g b e c k - s h o p . d e i s t s p e z i a l i s i e r t a u f F a c h b c h e r , i n s b e s o n d e r e R e c h t , S t e u e r n u n d W i r t s c h a f t .

I m S o r t i m e n t f i n d e n S i e a l l e M e d i e n ( B c h e r , Z e i t s c h r i f t e n , C D s , e B o o k s , e t c . ) a l l e r V e r l a g e . E r g n z t w i r d d a s P r o g r a m m

d u r c h S e r v i c e s w i e N e u e r s c h e i n u n g s d i e n s t o d e r Z u s a m m e n s t e l l u n g e n v o n B c h e r n z u S o n d e r p r e i s e n . D e r S h o p f h r t m e h r

a l s 8 M i l l i o n e n P r o d u k t e .
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Introduction

An increasing number of contributions have appeared, over recent years,on the subject of Audiovisual ranslation (AV), particularly in relationto dubbing and subtitling, to the extent that this has become one of thefastest growing areas in the field of ranslation Studies (Daz-Cintas, :

). Many international conferences have been dedicated to this topic andseveral undergraduate and postgraduate courses have been developed inthird level institutions across Europe, some entirely devoted to subtitlingand training of subtitlers whilst others use subtitling as an ef fective peda-gogical tool for foreign language (FL) teaching and learning.

Te broad scope of this branch of ranslation Studies is challenging,an AV text being a truly multidimensional space in the sense intendedby Barthes (: ), which transcends and links several sensory dimen-sions. Audiovisual ranslation amalgamates diverse disciplines includingfilm studies, translatology, semiotics, linguistics, applied linguistics, cogni-tive psychology, to name but a few, not forgetting, of course, technologyand IC.

However, as Orero (: viii) writes, though much work hasbeen done over the years by scholars such as Yves Gambier and HenrikGottlieb, there is still plenty of scope at both academic levels: teachingand researching. Tis publication is primarily intended for both aca-demic levels. Te first section is dedicated to theoretical issues, which, itis hoped, will stimulate further debate and encourage exciting progress inresearch informed teaching. Te second section lends itself to a perhapsless developed area of research in the field of AV and its potential inforeign language pedagogy.

Te sequence of articles in this volume is intended to create a dis-course which, beginning with ref lections on wider methodological issues,

advances to a proposed model of analysis for colloquial speech, touches onmore niche aspects of AV (e.g. surtitling) and progresses to didactic


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Introduction

applications in foreign language pedagogy and learning at both linguistic

and cultural levels and concludes with a practical proposal for use of AVin FL classes. An interview with a professional subtitler (who is also anacademic and a researcher) draws the volume to a close, providing us withan insiders view of the world of subtitles.

In Part One, ukasz Boguckis article outlines familiar approachesto ranslation Studies (comparative, process and causal models) and dis-cusses their applicability to AV research. Special attention is given toa methodology which has already been applied to AV, namely Action

Research. Te objective of this paper is to examine whether a universalmethodological approach is feasible in the case of a discipline as complexand non-homogeneous as AV and whether similar tools can be used instudying intra- and interlingual translation, addressing the requirementsof diverse audiences.

Lupe Romero discusses issues concerned with the (audiovisual) trans-lation of colloquial speech, with particular reference to cinematographicproductions with a high degree of orality (author or independent films).

Te author proposes a set of categories for analysing colloquial speechand therefore a model, applicable to both dubbing and subtitling, fordescribing and quantifying the oral features present both in the sourceand target texts.

Maria Freddi and Silvia Luraghi, followed by Eduard Bartoll, guideus into the world of surtitling: translations or transcriptions projectedabove the stage or displayed on a screen. Freddi and Luraghi questionwhether translation universals utilized in subtitling can also be applied to

surtitling. With an in-depth analysis of the English translation of SalvatoreCammaranos libretto for Giuseppe VerdisLuisa Miller and a study of trans-lation strategies used therein, the authors propose an interesting avenue ofresearch for universals in translation.

Bartolls article explores surtitling in an alternative setting the theatre and focuses on a Catalan version ofMacbeth.Te author raises awarenessof this highly specialized technique and discusses the dif ficulties of provid-ing surtitles for live performances, which are, of course, subject to changes

of rhythm, speed of enunciation and reformulation of dialogue. Bartollargues that the translators vulnerability is heightened in this context.


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Introduction

Part wo opens with Claudia Borghettis contribution, which examines

AV within the framework of Intercultural Foreign Language Educationand explores the complex critical-interpretative process that FL studentsmust negotiate in order to translate an AV text. Since this process includesidentifying cultural data present in the S, ref lecting on the cultural contextof the , and deciding if and how to render cultural data on a linguisticlevel, Borghetti suggests that audiovisual translation can be used ef fectivelyin the FL classroom to stimulate students intercultural awareness.

Continuing along the lines of cultural awareness raised by AV,

Marcella De Marcos contribution of fers a dif ferent perspective on theutilization of subtitles in academic environments: the author illustrateshow gender and identity issues can be integrated in the curriculum designof a subtitling module. Te paper presents a subtitling module whichconstitutes part of the MA in Applied ranslation Studies at LondonMetropolitan University and discusses teaching methodologies and stu-dents reactions.

Moving on to language acquisitionper se, Eithne OConnell gives us

an overview of the use of AV in language learning and of research into thepositive ef fects that can be derived from this practice. Te author thendiscusses the relevance of such research for minority languages, the Irishlanguage being the case study in question, and how Irish language learnerscan improve their linguistic skills through the use of subtitled material.

Elisa Perego and Elisa Ghia concentrate on how eye-tracking can beemployed to gauge visual attention and reading behaviour of audiencesexposed to captions and subtitles. Te article reports on experiments show-

ing the impact of dif ferent translation strategies and layout format onvisual activity and ref lects on how results from eye-tracking tests can provebeneficial in FL acquisitional contexts.

Noa alavn Zann assesses the benefits of both the creation of inter-lingual subtitles by the students themselves and the use of ready-madematerials. Experiments carried out by the author prove that subtitles are avalid support for enhancing listening comprehension skills in communica-tive, task-based FL learning contexts.

Expanding on the topic of pedagogical applications of subtitling,Stavroula Sokoli, Patrick Zabalbeascoa and Maria Fountana present the


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results of an EU-funded project,Learning via Subtitling, and discuss the

implementation of subtitling activities in third level FL courses. Learnersfeedback is analysed and participative learning, through subtitling, is shownto increase students motivation and attainment.

Finally, aer discussions on the validity of using subtitling in FLclasses, the closing contribution by Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin andJennifer Lertola provides practical guidelines for the implementation ofsuch practice. Whilst examples provided relate to the teaching of Italian,the model can be easily applied to other languages, as the article contains

detailed step-by-step descriptions of a typical teaching module unit andrequired soware.

Te book concludes with an interview by Carlo Eugeni, an academicand professional subtitler, who gives us an insight into the world of subtitlersand their work. He answers questions on subtitling procedure, standards,mistakes, and the positive impact of subtitling on translation skills.

Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin

References

Barthes, R. (),Image-Music-Text, London: Fontana.Daz-Cintas, J. (ed.) (), Te Didactics of Audiovisual ranslation. Amsterdam:

John Benjamins.Orero, P. (ed.),Topics in Audiovisual Translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

avt subtitles and subtitling

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