avogadro’s number and the mole atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples...

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Page 1: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 2: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Avogadro’s Number and the Mole

Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a hugenumber of particles. To make counting such large numbers easier, scientistsuse the same approach to represent the number of ions or molecules in asample as they use for atoms. The SI unit for amount is called the mole(mol). A mole is the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12.

The number of particles in a mole is called Avogadro’s number orAvogadro’s constant. One way to determine this number is to count thenumber of particles in a small sample and then use mass or particle sizeto find the amount in a larger sample. This method works only if all of theatoms in the sample are identical. Thus, scientists measure Avogadro’snumber using a sample that has atoms of only one isotope.

The most recent measurement of Avogadro’s number shows that it is6.02214199 × 1023 units/mole. In this class, the measurement is roundedto 6.022 × 1023 units/mol. Avogadro’s number is used to count any kind ofparticle.

Page 3: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

The Mole Is a Counting Unit

Moles

# of Particles

Multiply by 6.022 x 1023

Divide by 6.022 x 1023

Page 4: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

1. How many ions are there in 0.187 mol of Na+ ions?

2. How many atoms are there in 1.45 × 10−17 mol of arsenic?

3. How many molecules are there in 4.224 mol of acetic acid, C2H4O2?

4. How many formula units are there in 5.9 mol of NaOH?

1.13 x 1023 ions of Na+

8.73 x 106 ions of arsenic or 8,730,000 ions of arsenic

2.544 x 1024 ions of C2H4O2

3.6 x 1024 ions of NaOH

Page 5: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

1. How many moles of xenon do 5.66 × 1023 atoms equal?

2. How many moles of silver nitrate do 2.888 × 1015 formula units equal?

3. A biologist estimates that there are 2.7 × 1017 termites on Earth. How many moles of termites is this?

4. How many moles do 5.66 × 1025 lithium ions, Li+, equal?

0.940 moles of xenon

4.796 x 10-9 moles of silver nitrate

4.5 x 10-7 moles of termites

9.40 x 101 moles of Li+ or 94.0 moles of Li+

Page 6: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 7: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 8: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 9: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 10: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 11: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 12: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 13: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 14: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 15: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 16: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 17: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 18: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 19: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 20: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 21: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 22: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 23: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 24: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 25: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 26: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 27: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 28: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

Page 29: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Atoms, ions, and molecules are very small, so even tiny samples have a huge number of particles. To make counting such

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