Aviation and ecology

npor. Tomáš KADLEC

2013

Ecology topics

• Water and soil contamination• Emissions – Greenhouse efect (CO2, NOX, CH4, 03, freons)– SMOG

• Noise and vibrations • Light noise at night

History of aviation

• 1908 - 1st passanger• WWII – 0,25mil airplanes• 1960 – aviation became public

Air traffic today

Air transport in numbers

• 2.2 bn passangers per year• 35 bn tons of freight per year

(40% of world wide freight transport)• Number of paved airports – USA 5194, China 442, Germany 330, France 297

Positives of air transport

Direct Positives: tourist freedom, cultural and educational experience, sustainable development, public services (emergency, transplantation)

Indirect positives:economical growth, job oportunities, saves enviroment, reduces poverty, 72billion employes in tourism

Negatives of air transport

• More emissions• Noise• Building airports and associated structures• Emergencies and disasters• Threat of spreading pandemic disease

• No emission regulation so far• Growth of air transport• Kerosene contains less sulphur

compounds (Air-companies doubled its effectiveness of fuel consumption since 1990)

Emissions - today

Emissions - future

• By 2050 – aviation produces 5 - 14% of all emissions of CO2

• ACARE – reduction of CO2 emissions beween 2001 and 2020 – reduction of NOX by 80% by 2020

• Emission allowances (according to Kyoto protocol)

– expected ratio 85% for free according performance, 15% redistributed through auction

NoiseNoise

• Aerodynamic noise• Engine and other mechanical noise• Noise from aircraft systems_______________________________________

• Regulation - aircraft noise categories, noise abatement procedures

• Mitigation

• Aerodynamic noise• Engine and other mechanical noise• Noise from aircraft systems_______________________________________

• Regulation - aircraft noise categories, noise abatement procedures

• Mitigation

Structures

• Takes only 1% of all transport structures (causes water and soil contamination)• Airport operations and maintanance

(service cars,rwy treatment,…)

• Animal migration – natural biocorridors (birdstrikes)

• Takes only 1% of all transport structures (causes water and soil contamination)• Airport operations and maintanance

(service cars,rwy treatment,…)

• Animal migration – natural biocorridors (birdstrikes)

Emergencies and disasters

• Crash sites – fuel leak, fire, toxical fumes• Fuel dumping • Holding ACFT during emergency or temporary

airport closure

Discussion