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Young Petro Autumn 2012

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  • spe.net.pl/emw

    2426 April 2013 Krakow, Poland

    International Student Petroleum Congress & Career Expo

    SUMMER / 2012AUTUMN / 2012

    AU

    TUM

    N /

    201

    205

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    youngpetro.org/ads or [email protected] for PapersYoungPetro is waiting for your paper!

    Th e topics of the papers should refer to: Drilling Engineering, Reservoir Engineering, Fuels and Energy, Geology and Geophysics, Environmental Protection, Management and Economics

    Papers should be sent to papers @ youngpetro.org

    For more information visit youngpetro.org/papers

    2 49

    AUTUMN / 22

  • autumn / 2012

    3

    Gaining the knowledge and pursuit of science during the studies is essential but studying does not end with it. As a magazine promot-ing pro-active way of studying we realized that an experience and so called soft skills ac-quired during our academic period are equally important. Internships, various societies and clubs activities or even basic laboratory work are giving you something more than simple knowledge. Many of you are members of SPE and as you can see, being part of a chapter is not only about easy access to publications or societys events. Of course everyone has its own reasons but we all have to agree on one thing. It is all about the experience, whether it is meeting new people or working on exciting project you are learning new, priceless set of skills which could be useful during your pro-fessional career. One of them and probably most valuable is ability to work in team. You can be the brightest mind in the class or in the company but without being able to work

    with people you will never truly succeed. Th at is why we are encouraging you to join your local chapter, apply for an internship or just engage in some university projects.

    We cannot promise you it would be easy but we would like to help you with that by intro-ducing two new editorial positions. In Ca-reer section we will focus on providing you with valuable information about internships and career paths related to the industry, while Chapters will cover the most interesting SPE student projects from all over the world.

    In this issue of YoungPetro Antonia Th urmai-er is sharing with you her experience with Schlumberger internship, Oleg Nazarov ex-plains his idea to improve effi ciency of pro-duction operations and guys from Poland are showing how to cooperate with companies for benefi t of the industry and local commu-nities.

    3 Editors Letter 3

    Its all about experience!

  • 4

    Editor-in-ChiefWojtek [email protected]

    Deputy Editor-in-ChiefPatrycja [email protected]

    Art DirectorMarek [email protected]

    SalesAnna [email protected]

    [email protected] BrgielIwona DerePrzemysaw GubaaKamil IrnazarowAlexey KhrulenkoMako KobielskiKrzysztof LekkiBarbara PachAntonia Th urmeierMicha TurekLiliana TrzepizurJoanna WilaszekJan Wypijewski

    MarketingJakub [email protected] [email protected]

    LogisticsKacper [email protected] Wypijewski

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    PhotoORLEN Upstreamwww.orlenupstream.pl

    Published by

    An Ocial Publication of The Society of Petroleum Engineers Student ChapterP o l a n d www.spe.net.pl

    4

  • autumn / 2012

    5

    Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wellsOleg Nazarov

    Research of Gas Hydrates Generation in Production WellsEvgeniya Raudanen, Zakhar Shandrygolov

    Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil FieldDamian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk

    Nonstationary Flooding as an Eff ective Hydrodynamic Method of Oil Recovery

    Arkadiy Loginov

    Giving back to local communitiesBarbara Pach, Joanna Wilaszek, Maciej Kobielski

    My Schlumberger Way of LifeAntonia Thurmaier

    Expanding Oil & Gas HorizonsBarbara Pach

    2

    2

    2

    5

  • 6

    Find us on Facebookfacebook.com/YoungPetro

  • autumn / 2012

    7

    For online version of the magazine and news visit us at youngpetro.org

  • 8

    Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wellsOleg Nazarov

    Abstract Stripped wells stock requires huge amount

    of human and material resources of Petro-leum or Service Companies for reliable and regular operation. Therefore, it is recom-mended to operate wells with low produc-tivity index and low flow rate with inter-mittent mode. So it is necessary to develop new special method of calculation of time periods of pumping out and pressure accu-mulation in order to increase average daily oil production and guarantee stable and re-liable work of surface and subsurface equip-ment.

    During the investigation of P(t) graph of in-termittent well operation mode it has been found out that pressure build-up curve is sta-ble but pressure drop curve undergoes some changes each period. Thats why production will be more effective if ESP starts working according to timer and stops working accord-ing to pressure sensor.

    Special program for pressure build-up curve optimization was developed and written. With its help it is possible to find point in this curve in which we have to stop pressure accumulation process and start ESP in order to provide the most efficient oil production process.

    After investigation of pressure drawdown curve it has been found out that sometimes this curve has so-called Breaking point which divides this line in 2 parts: left part is smooth but right part is a zigzag line (which also undergoes changes each period). Theo-retical analysis showed that liquid influx from the reservoir starts in this breaking point. Therefore special measures are recommended in order to get rid of the broken part of curve because of negative influence on subsurface equipment.

    After application of all these methods on 3 stripped wells of Krapivinskoe oilfield (Rus-sia, Tomsk Region) average daily production has increased on almost 30 m3. Moreover, it gave a lot of prospects for further research with the purpose of application this method on other locations and oilfields.

    IntroductionStripped wells stock requires huge amount of human and material resources of Petro-leum or Service Companies for reliable and

    * Ufa State Petroleum Technical University

    Russia

    [email protected]

    * University Country E-mail

  • autumn / 2012

    9

    regular operation. Therefore, in consideration of peculiarities of activities of Petroleum and Service Companies in market conditions it is necessary to actually improve methods of lift-ing of hydrocarbons to the surface, operation modes of installed submersible pumps and also to improve information assurance, which is required for calculation and supplying of optimal operation conditions of stripped wells.

    The problem of supplying optimal oil produc-tion conditions requires high attention to this category of wells. The point is that most of such a wells work in continuous operation mode but part of well-stock is changed-over to intermittent operation but quite often without rational operation mode.

    If to operate stripped wells in continuous mode significant quantity of human, material and energy resources are spent; also number of well-servicing repairs increases. It leads to increasing of oil lifting cost. In some condi-tions it comes a moment when continuous operation of stripped well becomes econom-ically unprofitable [1].

    Therefore it is recommended to operate wells with low productivity index and low flow rate

    with intermittent mode. This necessity is ex-plained by the following (Fig. 1): liquid influx from the reservoir (Q1) is less then Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) flow rate (Q2). For that matter ESP is cut off after the reaching of minimal permissible Producing Fluid Level (PFL).

    TheoryWith decreasing of PFL Operation Point moves to the left along the Pump Perfor-mance Curve. As a result Operating Point is out of operating range zone or out of Charac-teristics Curve (Fig. 2).

    Decreasing of ESP frequency helps to prolong Operating Range but with decreasing of Head and Coefficient of Efficiency. Therefore ESP available head is not enough to pump liquid on surface. We may also add some ESP sec-tions (tandems) but it is unprofitable from economical point of view. Thats why inter-mittent operation mode is required.

    One cycle of intermittent mode (with du-ration T) consists of period of pumping out (with duration t1) and period of liquid accu-mulation (with duration t2) when ESP doesnt work (Fig. 4) [2]. Average daily production of intermittent well may be calculated by formu-la (Eq. 1).

    Formula for Average Daily Production calculation

    Q0 ESP Flow Rate;t1 Duration of liquid (pressure) accumula-

    tion period;t2 Duration of pumping out period;T Duration of one full cycle of intermittent

    mode.

    Q2

    Q1

    Fig. 1 Stripped well

    Qt QT

    t Qt tav

    =

    =+

    2 0 2 0

    1 2

    1[ ]

  • 10 Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wells

    4.00

    3.00

    2.00

    1.00 0

    025

    5075

    100

    125

    00.50

    1.00

    1.50

    2.00

    Powe

    r(h

    p)E

    cienc

    y(%

    ) 40 30 20 10 0

    Powe

    r

    Oper

    ating

    point

    is

    out o

    f ope

    ratin

    g ran

    ge zo

    ne

    or ou

    t of c

    hara

    cteris

    tics

    Head

    (m)

    Ecie

    ncy

    Head

    Oper

    ating

    rang

    e

    Optim

    um op

    erat

    ing ra

    nge

    53-9

    3 m3 /d

    No

    mina

    l hou

    sing d

    iamet

    er 8

    .59 cm

    Shaf

    t diam

    eter

    1.59

    cm

    Sh

    aft c

    ross-

    secti

    onal

    area

    1.98

    cm2

    Mini

    mal

    casin

    g size

    11.4

    3 cm

    Shaf

    t bre

    ak-p

    ower

    limit:

    stan

    dard

    78 hp

    , high

    -stre

    ngth

    125 h

    pHo

    using

    burst

    pres

    sure

    limit:

    stan

    dard

    n/a,

    buttr

    ess 4

    1 370

    kPa,

    welde

    d 41 3

    70 kP

    a

    Fig

    . 2

    Pum

    p Per

    form

    ance

    Curv

    e

  • Oleg Nazarov 11

    autumn / 2012

    On Fig. 4 changing of PFL during the inter-mittent operation mode is shown. Y-axis is Fluid Level (also could be a Bottomhole Pres-sure), X-axis is time.

    Hst Static Fluid Level; Hd Dynamic Fluid Level (during the continu-

    ous operation);H0 Pressure drawdown (during the continu-

    ous operation);H Current value of pressure drawdown;Hn Integral-Average value of pressure draw-

    down (during the intermittent operation mode).

    Assurance of intermittent operations is car-ried out with help of programming of Control Stations. There are several methods of pro-gramming:

    1. Time limitation

    In this case ESP starts and stops working ac-cording to timer readings. Pumping out and pressure accumulation periods are limited by concrete time value t1 and t2. Maximal and minimal pressures (Pmax and Pmin) may under-go some changes from period to period.

    Advantages: Stable operation regime, small pressure jumps have no influence on operat-

    ing regime, timer is more reliable than pres-sure sensor.

    Disadvantages: serious pressure jumps may lead to exceeding of PFL.

    2. Pressure limitation

    In this case ESP starts and stops working ac-cording to bottomhole pressure sensor read-ings. Pumping out and pressure accumulation periods are limited by concrete pressure val-ues Pmin and Pmax. t1 and t2 may undergo some changes from period to period.

    Advantages: PFL couldnt be exceeded.

    Disadvantages: Decreasing of pressure accu-mulation velocity may lead to well shutdown, pressure sensor is less reliable than time sen-sor

    3. Combined limitation

    During the investigation it has been found out that pressure build-up curve is stable but pressure drop curve undergoes some chang-es in each period. Thats why working process will be more effective if ESP starts working ac-cording to timer and stops working according to pressure sensor. Pumping out and pressure

    Fig. 3 H(t) dependence during the intermittent operation mode

  • 12 Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wells

    Fig. 4 ESP Control Station programming (time limitation)

    Fig. 5 ESP Control Station programming (pressure limitation)

    Fig. 6 ESP Control Station programming (combined limitation)

  • Oleg Nazarov 13

    autumn / 2012

    accumulation periods are limited by concrete pressure values t1 and Pmin. t2 and Pmax may undergo some changes from period to period.

    It is obvious that the more value of t2 and the less value of t1 the more average daily oil production. It is also obvious that values t1 and t2 are interdependent. Therefore it is necessary to develop new special method of calculation of t1 and t2 in order to increase average daily oil production and guarantee stable and reliable working of surface and subsurface equipment.

    For this purpose we need to look at one peri-od of intermittent operation mode. In order to find optimal values t1 and t2 it is necessary to investigate separately two curves of which one cycle consists.

    Fig. 7 One period of intermittent operation modeLine; I Pressure build-up curve, Line II Pressure drawdown curve

    Pressure build-up curve optimizationLets investigate infinitely small parts of this curve in its different positions (Fig. 9).

    Relation dp/dt (tilt angle of tangent line) shows us the velocity of pressure increasing. The more this relation the faster pressure recovers the more average production. So, the problem is to find point where we have to stop pressure accumulation process and start

    ESP. It should be noted that the problem of searching of some optimal point in curve is widespread in many segments of science, so we should firstly find out how this problem was solved in other areas of science and tech-nology.

    In strength of materials we observe such a problem: the search of yield strength point of metals which dont have yield plateau.

    In this case the yield strength point is stress, with which permanent deformation = 0.2 % (Tangent line at the point 0 and unloading line are parallel). But this method is not ap-plicable for pressure build-up curve optimiza-tion because value 0.2 is taken after many confirmative experiments so it is probably mistaken for us.

    Fig. 10 Stress-strain diagram

    In geodesy during the design of any route or road we have to find so-called peak of a

    Fig. 9 Ideal pressure build-up curve

  • 14 Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wells

    curve. For this purpose we need to continue 2 asymptotes to graph of the route in coordi-nate system, then divide the angle between these asymptotes in two halves and draw the line. The intersection point of this line (bisec-trix) and curve is peak of a curve (Fig. 11).

    Fig. 11 Peak of a curve

    In economics there is a very similar method which is used to find point of safety relation between output product quality and its costs. This point is found by continuing of 2 tangent lines to graph, then by dividing the angle be-tween these tangent lines in two equal halves and drawing the line. The intersection point of this line (bisectrix) and curve is the re-quired point (Fig. 12).

    Fig. 12 Graph Quality-Costs

    So, special program for pressure build-up curve optimization was written. We took the

    2nd method (Search of Peak of a curve) for right part of our curve (asymptote) and the 3rd method (point of optimal relation between Price and Quality) for left part of our curve (tangent line).

    Final graph is shown on Fig. 13. Point of in-tersection between pressure build-up curve and bisectrix is value of PFL after reaching of which ESP should be started (pressure accu-mulation should be stopped).

    Pressure drawdown curve optimizationPressure drawdown curve in ideal case should represent itself as smooth curve line. But after investigation of these lines on many wells we have found out that sometimes pres-sure drawdown curves have so-called Break-ing point which divides this line on 2 parts: left part is smooth but right part is zigzag line (which also undergoes changes each period) (Fig. 14).

    Fig. 14 General representing of Breaking point

    During the investigation we have suggested that breaking point means the reaching of such a pressure value when liquid influx from the reservoir begins (so liquid moves into the ESP intake not only from well, but also direct-ly from reservoir).

  • Oleg Nazarov 15

    autumn / 2012

    Fig. 13 Graphical interpritation of new m

    ethod

  • 16 Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wells

    Testimonies supplied this theory:

    Breaking point is the only one on each pressure drawdown curve.

    Reservoir liquid contains a lot of gas, which breaks out, so pressure sensor is in-fluenced by gas and its readings break.

    Additional liquid source leads to decreasing of P(t) graph tilt angle.

    Breaking point appears with the same pres-sure each period

    In order to check theory about beginning of liquid influx from the reservoir in the Break-ing Point it is necessary:

    1. To observe presence of mechanical im-purities, water cut and gas during some periods in dependence of time. But this method has proved to be if unusable be-cause liquid production value during one period is less than the volume of produc-

    tion string. So after sampling we will not be sure: is this sample from the well liquid or directly from reservoir?

    2. To change operating mode temporary in order to cut broken part of curve (Fig. 16). Then check the presence of mechanical impurities, water cut and gas. If its ratio is decreased it means that our assumption is correct.

    Fig. 16 Cutting of broken part of curve

    3. To change working frequency in order to check if the breaking point will be at the

    Fig. 15 Breaking points in real graphs (numbers of wells are on the left column)

  • Oleg Nazarov 17

    autumn / 2012

    same pressure (Fig. 17). If yes, it is a fluid influx from the reservoir.

    Fig. 17 ESP frequency changing

    If our assumption becomes true we recom-mend to make away with fluid influx from the reservoir because:

    Gas bubbles influence badly on impeller of ESP (cavitation).

    Mechanical impurities were flown out the reservoir may get inside the ESP and lead to shaft jamming.

    Increasing of well stream watering leads to decreasing of crude oil quality.

    Results and ConclusionsApplication of new method of pressure build-up curve optimization on 3 intermit-tent wells of Krapivinskoe Oilfield (Russia, Tomsk Region) led to the increase of the av-erage daily production (Fig. 18).

    Results of research work connected with pres-sure build-up curve optimization:

    590 695 523

    55.248

    6267,1

    81,372,5

    32,340,5 42,4

    Fig. 18 increasing of average daily production on three wells (m3/day)

    average daily production before application of new mode; proposed average daily production after application of new mode; real average daily production after application of new mode.

  • 18 Optimization of operation modes of intermittent wells

    1. Increasing of 3 wells average daily produc-tion on 29.5 m3

    2. Increasing of company working efficiency in solutions branch

    3. Development of intermittent mode of well operation technology with further prospects to it application in other oil-fields and locations

    Results of research work connected with pres-sure drawdown curve optimization:

    1. Decreasing of gas factor2. Decreasing of mechanical impurities3. Decreasing of stream watering

    Further problems to be solved

    1. Investigations of subsurface equipment behavior in critical conditions.

    During the intermittent well operations sub-surface equipment works in extreme condi-

    tions which should be taken into account for further improvements

    2. Analysis of dynamical frequency changing during the one period of intermittent well operation.

    Possibility of dynamical frequency changing during the one period should be taken into account with the purpose of decreasing of negative influences of quick starts/stops of ESP and other factors

    Negative occurrences

    1. ESP and surface equipment wearing ac-celeration in accordance to increasing of starts/stops

    2. Increase of motor oil loss in protector modules

    3. Increase of power consumption; especially if several intermittent wells are installed in one pad

    References1. Persiyantsev M. N., Extraction of Oil under Complicated Conditions, Moscow: Nedra-Busi-

    nesscenter. 653 pages, 2000. ISBN 5-8365-0052-5.2. Schurov V. I., Technology and Technics of Oil Production, Moscow: Nedra. 510 pages. 1983.

  • careers.slb.com

    Who are we?We are the worlds largest oilfield services company1. Working globallyoften in remote and challenging locationswe invent, design, engineer, and apply technology to help our customers find and produce oil and gas safely.

    Who are we looking for?We need more than 5,000 graduates to begin dynamic careers in the following domains:

    n Engineering, Research and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business

    >110,000 employees>140 nationalities~ 80 countries of operation

    years of

    innovation85

    What will you be?

    careers.slb.com

    Who are we?We are the worlds largest oilfield services company1. Working globallyoften in remote and challenging locationswe invent, design, engineer, and apply technology to help our customers find and produce oil and gas safely.

    Who are we looking for?We need more than 5,000 graduates to begin dynamic careers in the following domains:

    n Engineering, Research and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business

    >110,000 employees>140 nationalities~ 80 countries of operation

    years of

    innovation85

    1Based on Fortune 500 ranking, 2011.Copyright 2011 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

    What will you be?

    careers.slb.com

    Who are we?We are the worlds largest oilfield services company1. Working globallyoften in remote and challenging locationswe invent, design, engineer, and apply technology to help our customers find and produce oil and gas safely.

    Who are we looking for?We need more than 5,000 graduates to begin dynamic careers in the following domains:

    n Engineering, Research and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business

    >110,000 employees>140 nationalities~ 80 countries of operation

    years of

    innovation85

    What will you be?

    careers.slb.com

    Who are we?We are the worlds largest oilfield services company1. Working globallyoften in remote and challenging locationswe invent, design, engineer, and apply technology to help our customers find and produce oil and gas safely.

    Who are we looking for?We need more than 5,000 graduates to begin dynamic careers in the following domains:

    n Engineering, Research and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business

    >110,000 employees>140 nationalities~ 80 countries of operation

    years of

    innovation85

    What will you be?

    careers.slb.com

    Who are we?We are the worlds largest oilfield services company1. Working globallyoften in remote and challenging locationswe invent, design, engineer, and apply technology to help our customers find and produce oil and gas safely.

    Who are we looking for?We need more than 5,000 graduates to begin dynamic careers in the following domains:

    n Engineering, Research and Operations n Geoscience and Petrotechnical n Commercial and Business

    >110,000 employees>140 nationalities~ 80 countries of operation

    years of

    innovation85

    What will you be?

  • 1820 MARCH 2013 / GALVESTON, TEXAS, USAGALVESTON ISLAND CONVENTION CENTER

    E&P HEALTH / SAFETYSECURITY / ENVIRONMENTAL

    SPE AMERICAS 2013

    CONFERENCE

    www.spe.org/events/hsseSociety of Petroleum Engineers

    Environmental Student Symposium

    LETS SHAPE THE FUTURE TOGETHER

  • autumn / 2012

    21

    Research of Gas Hydrates Generation in Production WellsEvgeniya Raudanen, Zakhar Shandrygolov

    Abstract Many specialists in oil and gas industry pay

    special attention to the problem of gas hy-drates prevention and elimination in the systems of oil and gas collection and field processing. A Ponomarev method, described in this article, is used to determine the tem-perature and pressure conditions of gas hy-drate generation in production wells. In ad-dition operation of two wells of a gas field in Western Siberia was analyzed and risk of gas hydrate generation was estimated.

    IntroductionThe problem of gas hydrates prevention and elimination in the systems of oil and gas collection and field processing is still relevant and attracts attention of specialists. This is mainly due to field exploitation in problem areas: the permafrost zone, the presence of hydrate generating components in hydrocar-bons, the hydrate regime in the bottomhole zone, etc.

    Hydrocarbon hydrates are white crystalline solids, ice-like, generated by the associated compound of water and gas. Hydrate forma-tion occurs at the gas-water interface when

    natural gas is fully saturated with moisture [5]. A part of dissolved gas turns into hydrate. While natural gas exits from reservoir to the surface well pressure is reduced and gas satu-rated with water turns into unsaturated. Pres-sure reduction increases the ability of gas to keep water in gaseous state, but temperature drop due to gas expansion usually overpowers the beneficial effect of pressure reducing and liquid water can escape and generate hydrates of hydrocarbons. To estimate the possibility of gas hydrates generation in running or tem-porarily shut-in wells it is necessary to cal-culate the equilibrium curve of gas hydrates in temperature and pressure coordinates. A Ponomarev method is used to estimate the temperature and pressure of hydrate genera-tion. This method was developed in 1960 and used only at low pressures (P 10 MPa) and for natural gases, containing non-hydrocarbon components in small quantities [1].

    This technique was used for calculations on two wells of a gas field in Western Siberia which produce dry gas. The wells have a sim-

    * Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

    Russia

    [email protected]

    * University Country E-mail

  • 22 Research of Gas Hydrates Generation in Production Wells

    ilar borehole trajectory. The well No 1 is allo-cated in a peripheral part of the field whereas the well No 2 is in a central part. Because of the large length field the wells have different pressure and temperature conditions at the bottomhole. The composition of this gas has been established according to the results of chemical analysis. Molar fractions and rela-tive air densities of components is in Table 1.

    Hydrate generation component

    Molar fraction, %

    Relative air densitiy

    4 98,410 0,55

    26 0,074 1,03

    38 0,006 1,52

    i-410 0,016 2,00

    O2 0,308 1,52

    N2 1,141 0,97

    Table 1 Composition of natural gas

    Then, the equilibrium pressure and temper-ature of hydrate generation have been deter-mined using the following equations [2]:

    lgP = 2.0055 + 0.0541 (B + T 273) [1]at temperatures above 273 K;

    lgP = 2.0055 + 0.0171 (Bl + T 273) [2]at temperatures below 273 K,

    P equilibrium pressure of hydrate genera-tion, kPa

    T temperature, K

    The empirical coefficients B and Bl is corre-lated according with parameter a reduced density of test gas. The reduced density is determined by the equation:

    =

    y

    yi i

    i

    [ ]2

    ri relative air density of the is hydrate gen-eration component

    yi molar fraction of the component, units

    Fig. 1 Pressure-temperature dependence of gas hydrate generation

  • Evgeniya Raudanen, Zakhar Shandrygolov 23

    autumn / 2012

    Fig. 2 Dependence of gas pressure and temperature and equilibrium temperature of hydrate generation on well flow rate

  • 24 Research of Gas Hydrates Generation in Production Wells

    Obviously, S yi 1, because not all components of natural gas are able to generate hydrates. Values of the coefficients B and Bl which are determined according to the Ponomarev ap-proximation are presented in tabular form in literature [4]. For this gas values of parame-ters are following:

    = 0.56 B = 24.25 Bl = 77.40

    Fig. 1 shows the resulting pressure-tempera-ture dependence of hydrate generation, which can be used to calculate the hydrate condi-tions in producing wells of the gas field.

    Further, based on the results of gas-dynamic studies the dependence of wellhead pressure and temperature on the flow rate was found [3]. After that, diagrams showing the depend-ence of pressure, temperature and equilibri-um temperature of hydrate generation at the production well head was obtained in consid-

    eration of the dependence of hydrate gener-ation pressure on temperature. These curves are shown in Fig. 2.

    Obviously, in well No 1, there is a risk of gas hydrate generation due to low gas temper-ature at the wellhead which respects to the temperature of gas hydrate generation. It is necessary to provide this well with injection of inhibitors (methanol, glycol) into the well-bore and constant monitoring of pressure and temperature. In well No 2 gas hydrate genera-tion risk exists only if there is low flow rate.

    In the final analysis, the conditions and risks of gas hydrate generation in two wells of the field in Western Siberia were determined based on data on gas composition and calcu-lation results. The remaining wells of the field were also analyzed using the described meth-od and wells with the risk of hydrate genera-tion were identified.

    References1. Buhgalter E. B. Estimation of hydrate generation temperature in hydrocarbon mixture at high

    pressure. Gas business, 1965, No5, p. 89.2. Istomin V. A. Gas hydrate prevention and elimination in systems of gas and oil collection and

    field processing. M., 1990, 214 pages.3. Ivashenko I. I. Reference book Oil and gas field development. Black gold, Center of Infor-

    mation Technology.4. Ponomarev G. V. Conditions of natural and associated gas hydrate generation. Kuybyshev,

    NIPINP, 1960, No2, p. 4955.5. Srtizhov I. N., Khodanovich I.E. Gas production. Moscow-Izhevsk: Institute of computer re-

    searching, 2003, 376 pages.

  • autumn / 2012

    25

    Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil FieldsDamian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk

    AbstractThe volatility of oil prices and the political

    situation affect rational exploitation of oil reservoir in the world. Often it turns out that it is economically justified to use the secondary or tertiary methods to intensify production. One of the possibilities to im-prove recovery factor is a miscible gas injec-tion such as CO2. Considering the various methods, we have conducted a numerical simulation of extraction which was carried out for one of the Polish deposits.

    IntroductionPrices on the crude oil world market have changed since its beginning. It has been af-fected by several political and social aspects in the main productive market places. The oil world market is characterised by a very unbal-anced allocation of producers and consumers. Holding large resources of this raw material and skillful management of them ensure the energy and in a way political independence, because oil is often used as a tool for a polit-ical and economic pressure. By analyzing the prices of oil in the last 20 years (1992-2012), it can be noted that the prices of raw materi-als are strictly binding of events occurring in

    a given period of time [2]. The next essential change took place after the growth of popu-larity of terminal market contracts, which isnt used for physical purchase and sale of crude oil. It is only a financial mechanism. All these aspects caused important oscillations of oil prices all over the world. It contributed to the situation that the oil market is unpre-dictable. Constantly increasing raw minerals prices have led to interference in working de-posit in order to increase the level of recov-ery. Approximately one third of the deposit can be obtained by the means of primary and secondary methods. Primary methods rely on the use of natural phenomena occurring into the deposit such as expansion of the gas cap, separation of the dissolved gas and effect of aquifers. All of these phenomena cause the displacement of crude oil into the production wells. Secondary methods rely on strengthen-ing these phenomena through interference in the energy state of the deposit. Primary and secondary methods allow to obtain extraction of about one third of deposits resources. As

    * AGH Univ. of Science and Technology

    Poland

    Pawe Wojnarowski, Ph.D.

    [email protected]

    * University Country Supervisor E-mail

  • 26 Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil Fields

    far as low gravity oil is concerned the recov-ery factor is about 25-35%. As for the heavy oil deposits it is about 10%. In these sort of deposits lays a great amount of petroleum which cannot be pulled out using convention-al methods. One of the advanced methods (EOR) is CO2 H2O injection into the deposit. Carbon dioxide is used as an increasing ex-traction agent through the maintenance of deposits pressure, reducing the viscosity of oil and facilitating its migration [2][3].

    Injection of carbon dioxide in order to carry out additional oil extraction is applied from about 40 years. Carbon dioxide which is in-jected into the reservoir causes the displace-ment of crude oil from the pores of the rock. Depending on the contribution of the individ-uals components, pressure and temperature of fluids, carbon dioxide may be miscible (for-mation of a homogeneous phase), or immis-cible with the reservoir fluids [1]. The main mechanisms associated with the process of injecting CO2 into the reservoir are connect-ed with the behavior of oil and carbon diox-ide mixture. These include reduction of the viscosity and density of oil, reduction of the surface tension between oil and water , evap-oration of some components. Additional ben-efits of carbon dioxide injection are observed

    in carbonate rocks, where crammed medium is mixed with water to form acid, which im-proves wellsites permeability [1].

    Division of CO2- EOR methods based on the method of carbon dioxide injection. The WAG method lies in pumping gas and water by turns, the second method is the injection of gas in a way that ensures the gravitational stability (GSGI).

    In the WAG method carbon dioxide is injected firstly into the deposit, which improves the mobility of crude oil. Then, the repellent wa-ter and the mixture of crude oil and carbon dioxide is injected into the production well. Carbon dioxide which is injected into the first stage increases the volume of oil and reduction of viscosity significantly, so that oil flows freely. Water injection affects the growth of production by oil displacement [1]. The second of these methods is the injec-tion of carbon dioxide in the top portion of the deposit GSGI. Using this method forc-es the crude oil in the direction of the floor and the contour of the reservoir. Injected CO2 is a solvent that is miscible or immiscible in a reservoir, it maintains reservoir pressure and stabilizes the movement of oil through gravity drainage [2].

    Fig. 1 Reservoirs numerical model

  • Damian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk 27

    autumn / 2012

    Analysis of co2- eor methods application possibilities for oil field in case of output increaseReservoirs numerical model

    In order to evaluate the efficiency of the method in the Polish conditions the deposit contained in the Carpathian Foredeep has been selected and the examination of the possibility of injecting the carbon dioxide has been conducted. Digital model of the deposit (Fig. 1) is based on the geological-reservoir data. Model is composed of 27 200 blocks (40 40 17). The original reservoir pressure was amounted to 358 bar. The deposit is di-vided into 17 layers in the vertical direction, in order to take account of heterogeneity of the deposit and the possible flow analysis in injected fluids in the vertical direction. The parameters of the digital model of the de-posit are presented in Table 1. The reservoir is operated in the energy of the dissolved gas and the saturation pressure is about 240 bar. The compositional model is used in order to be able to analyze the effects of mixing gases with hydrocarbons model.

    Meshdimensions 40 x 40 x 17

    Depth 3315 [m]

    Effectivethickness 113 [m]

    Area 2. 155 [km2]

    Porosity 1. 2 [%]

    Permeability (X,Y,Z) 18 ; 18; 1. 8 [mD]

    Oilsaturation 0. 6 [-]

    Reservoirtemperature 375 [K]

    Reservioirpressure 358 [bar]

    Table 1 Primary parametres of reservoir model

    On the basis of development data such as oil, gas and water production rate measurements and bottom-hole pressure measurements were carried out through calibration on the primary developments period. The calibration was performed since 1 August 1989 to 31 De-cember 2011. The charts show the results of calibration (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

    During the calibration wells were controlled by oil expense, so measuring points coincide with the simulation curve. A very good fit of gas flow has been achieved as a result of the calibration. Fit the bottom pressure is also correct, however due to the lack of measure-ments the pressure calibration was conducted only for the initial period of operation.

    Verification of CO2- EOR method based on basic criteria for applicability.

    Selection of EOR methods that can be used on a deposit depends on many geological, res-ervoir and economic parameters. Advanced methods rely on carbon dioxide injection and should be used in the fields of high thickness. Depth of the deposit should be in the range of 800 m to about 3200 m [4]. The criteria for the application of this method are listed with the parameters of the deposit and shown in the Table 2.

    Parameter Model Optimum

    Oil density 872 [g/cm3 ] 800 880 [g/cm3 ]

    Oil viscosity 2. 3 [cP] < 3 [cP]

    Oil saturated 0. 51 >0. 3

    Thickness 113 [m] Wysoka

    Depth 3315 [m] >1350 [m]

    Temperature 375 [K] -

    Table 2 Screening Criteria For CO2 EOR methods selection

    On the basis of the long-lasting industrial practice, it was found that the optimal pa-rameters for using CO2 injection assume the

  • 28 Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil Fields

    Fig. 2 Well bottom hole pressure calibration

    Fig. 3 Well gas production rate calibration

  • Damian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk 29

    autumn / 2012

    Fig. 4 Change of recovery factors of the analyzed variants for GSGI

    Fig. 5 Change of recovery factors of the analyzed variants for WAG

  • 30 Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil Fields

    values which are shown in the column of the optimum. Comparing the parameters of de-posit to the optimized ones results in the fact that the deposit is properly selected to the ad-vanced recovery methods CO2- EOR.

    Variant simulations of CO2 injection into the deposit

    The analysis was performed following in-jection simulation options:

    Base (constrains of the production wells: the minimum pressure at the bottom of the borehole is 130; the maximum gas pro-duction rate is 1500 sm3/day )

    GSGI injection rate of CO2 5 000 sm

    3/day injection rate of CO2 7 500 sm

    3/day injection rate of CO2 10 000 sm

    3/day WAG

    5 000 sm3/day CO2 (6 years) 10 m3/

    day-water (4 years) 5 000 sm3/day CO2 (6 years) 50 m

    3/day-water (4 years)

    10 000 sm3/day CO2 (6 years) 10 m3/

    day-water (4 years)

    The simulation is going to be carried out for a 20 year-long period since the moment of beginning in 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2032. In the based variant the wells work is determined in rate up to now.

    The forecast suggests that in the year 2022 the second well, which is located in the northern part of the deposit will be gassy. So we are us-ing it in GSGI and WAG variants as an injec-tor-well into the floor of the deposit. The gas injection is going to be started in May 2022 in GSGI method such as in WAG method.

    The main parameter to evaluate the effec-tiveness of the method was growth of recov-ery factor (Fig. 4, Fig. 5). Additionally part of carbon dioxide in the composition of fluids was evaluated (Fig. 611). Detailed results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

    Variant Recoveryfactor [%]

    Base 28. 5

    A 5 000 sm3/day 33. 1

    B 7 500 sm3/day 35. 5

    C 10 000 sm3/day 37. 5

    Table 3 Results of GSGI method

    Variant Recoveryfactor [%]

    Base 28. 5

    A 5 000 sm3/day CO2 10 m3/day water

    32. 2

    B 5 000 sm3/day CO2 50 m3/day water

    34. 0

    C 10 000 sm3/day CO2 10 m3/day water

    35. 5

    Table 4 Results of WAG method

    The presented analysis shows that the most effective method proved to be CO2 injection continuously in the peak part of the deposit (GSGI). It is correlative with pumping of sig-nificant amounts of carbon dioxide, which will affect the production wells due to the small size of the deposit. WAG method gives slightly lower recovery factors, but the water injection can affect the stabilization of the movement of the fluid front displacement and reduce the production of CO2.

    SummaryThe emphasis on increasing the efficiency of oil production affected the increased devel-opment of advanced methods of oil recovery in recent years. Carbon dioxide injection method into the deposit is beginning to play a dominating role among these methods, as a significant increase in production from the fields partially depleted has been observed. The effects of two such methods of the Polish reservoirs are examined in this article. Among the examined variants, the highest efficiency is characterized by

  • Damian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk 31

    autumn / 2012

    Fig. 6 Total mole fraction of CO2 A variant GSGI method in 31 December 2032

    Fig. 7 Total mole fraction of CO2 B variant GSGI method in 31 December 2032

  • 32 Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil Fields

    Fig. 8 Total mole fraction of CO2 C variant GSGI method in 31 December 2032

    Fig. 9 Total mole fraction of CO2 A variant WAG method in 31 December 2032

  • Damian Janiga, Jakub Barzyk 33

    autumn / 2012

    Fig. 10 Total mole fraction of CO2 B variant WAG method in 31 December 2032

    Fig. 11 Total mole fraction of CO2 C variant WAG method in 31 December 2032

  • 34 Analysis of CO2- EOR Methods Application Possibilities for Oil Fields

    the injection of CO2 into the gas cap of expense 10 000 sm3/day (GSGI). Results of calculations based on a simulation model

    of deposit show the potential effects of use of advanced methods of production in the Polish reservoir.

    References1. Reservoir documentation.2. Holem L., Josenda W., Mechanisms of Oil Displacement by Carbon Dioxide, JPT, December,

    pp. 14271438, 1974.3. Rychlicki S. et. al., Metody zwikszenia efektywnoci wydobycia ropy naftowej ze z karpack-

    ich, AGH, Krakw 2010.4. Rychlicki S. et. al., Efektywno wydobycia ropy naftowej przy zataczaniu CO2. Przemys naf-

    towy w Polsce 2011, s. 3640, AGH, Krakw 2011.5. Rychlicki S., Stopa J., Uliasz-Misiak B., Zawisza L., Kryteria typowania z do zastosowania

    zaawansowanej metody wydobycia ropy naftowej poprzez zataczanie CO2. Gospodarka Surow-cami Mineralnymi t. 27, z. 3, s. 125139, 2011.

  • autumn / 2012

    35

    Non-stationary Flooding as an Effective Hydrodynamic Method of Oil RecoveryArkadiy Loginov

    Abstract Non-stationary flooding is carried out with

    the help of alternate work of injection and production. As a result of time-depend-ant, time-varying effects there are different pressure drops. Therefore, there is a redis-tribution of fluids in the evenly saturated reservoir, aimed at the alignment of satura-tions and the removal of capillary imbalance at the contact of oil-saturated and flooded zones. The process of unsteady flooding has been used at the site BV10 Megion depos-its during the period 20062010. Incremen-tal recovery was 13.6 thousand tons, while considering the effect of bottomholetreat-ments it was 35.5 thousand tons.

    IntroductionThe method of non-stationary change of the direction of flood flow filtration in the reser-voir is one of the most effective hydrodynamic ways of increasing oil production and reducing the unit cost of water for oil. Non-stationary flooding is carried out with the help of alter-nate work of injection and production wells due to specific programs, designed for specific geological and physical conditions, taking into account the technical capabilities of the sys-

    tem to maintain reservoir pressure. As a result of time-dependent, time-varying effects there are periodically rising and falling waves of pressure in these layers.

    Layers, zones and areas of low permeability, saturated with oil, are located in layers un-systematically, have low piezoconductivity and the velocity of propagation of pressure in them is considerably lower than in high permeable layers and oil-saturated zones. Therefore, between oil-saturated and drowned zones there are different pressure drops. Under the influence of alternating pressure drops there is a redistribution of fluids in the evenly saturated reservoir, aimed at the walignment of saturations and the removal of capillary imbalance at the contact of oil-sat-urated and flooded zones, layers, sections. It also accelerates capillary countercurrent impregnation of oil-saturated zones with wa-terwater implements from the water flooded areas in oil-saturated by small pore channels, and the oil flows from oil-saturated zones into flooded ones through large channels.

    * Tyumen State Oil and Gas University

    Russia

    [email protected]

    * University Country Supervisor E-mail

  • 36 Flooding as an Eff ective Hydrodynamic Method of Oil Recovery

    Fig. 1 Organization of non-stationary fl ooding in the year 2006 (a), and 2007 (b) at the site BV10 (well stock as of January 1st, 2011)

    Injection well, taking part in NF (non-stationary fl ooding)

    Injection well, taking part in NF with additional bottomhole treatments

    Productionwell, reacted on NF

    Productionwell, reacted onadditional bottomhole treatments

  • Arkadiy Loginov 37

    autumn / 2012

    Without reducing the reservoir pressure, this phenomenon cannot be initiated.

    To compensate the losses in pumping water injectivity of wells operating in the high in-jection mode should be 2040% higher than during stationary flooding. Injectivity of wells that are in the half-cycle of limited flow rates, at sub-zero air temperatures should be above that at which the freezing of water in the water conduits happens.

    Unsteady flooding includes:

    1. Increasing injection pressure2. Cyclic water flooding, i.e. periodic

    reduction (termination) of water injection3. Reallocation of water consumption,

    injected into groups of injection wells (change of direction of filtration flows)

    4. Selective water pumping into low permeable interlayers and layers, zones and areas

    5. Limitation or termination of pumping in highly permeable interlayers

    6. Methods of treatment of a bottomhole zone, which change the operating modes and restore the potential wells

    7. Mechanical methods of changing the operating modes of injection wells (hydraulic fracturing, interval treatment, intense perforation, spudding of second boreholes)

    The method of transient flooding is relatively easy to implement, requires no great econom-ic costs, and has received wide application.

    The process of unsteady flooding has been actively used on many fields of Western Siberia. In particular, the implementation and evaluation of non-stationary flooding at the site BV10 Megion deposits during the period 20062010 is considered in this article. In-cremental recovery from the transient flood-

    ing during this period at the site BV10 was 13.6 thousand tons of oil, while considering the effect of the treatment of bottomhole for-mation zone and the alignment of injectivity profile it was equal to 35.5 thousand tons of oil.

    Year

    Incremental recovery after NF, thousand tones

    without bottomholetratments

    with bottomholetratments

    2006 8.0 12.0

    2007 0.9 15.9

    2008 1.4 3.5

    2009 3.3 4.1

    sum. 13.6 35.5

    Table 1 Efficiency of non-stationary flood-ing during the period 20062010 years. Site BV10

    Consequently, the transient flooding is a very effective technology of enhanced oil recovery.

    To improve the efficiency of the non-station-ary waterflooding, it can be combined with treatments of wells aimed to the alignment of profiles of injection capacity, isolation of water inflows and the intensification of pro-duction. The efficiency of cyclic flooding also increases if it is done after the rim of sur-factants injection into the reservoir, which is explained by an increase in sweep effect of the reagent and more intense exchange of fluid between the interlayers by increasing the mobility of oil under the influence of the surfactant.

    This method can be used at every stage of field development involving conventional wa-terflooding. The best results are obtained by applying the method of nonstationary flood-ing from the beginning of oil field develop-ment.

  • 38

  • autumn / 2012

    39 39

    The history of AGH UST SPE Student Chapter was always rich in examples of students-companies cooperation. At the beginning of September 2012 we had an op-portunity to take part in organizing a Fam-ily Picnic with ORLEN Upstream, one of polish national upstream companies.

    ORLEN Upstream is a part of PKN ORLEN, one of the largest petroleum corporations in Central and Eastern Europe and the largest in Poland. ORLEN Upstreams basic statuto-ry activities are exploration and prospecting of hydrocarbon deposits and production of crude oil and natural gas. As the company re-sponsible for upstream projects, it has already commenced exploration in eight licenced ar-eas in the Mazovia, Lublin and d region.

    The picnic, which was titled Time travel with tracks of geology, was a two-day event taking place in two localities: Niedwiada and Wierzbica, that are seats of administrative dis-

    tricts on the area of Lublin Shale. As the event was supposed to be a historical-educational picnic mainly for children, it was divided into two parts the ancient history and the mod-ern history. The elder history part consisted of a medieval knights reconstruction group, 6 fully armoured men performing knight sword fights, and the prehistoric cavemen that leaded a terrain game, which was sup-posed to teach children about how ancient men used to light fire using sticks or how did they hunt. The modern history part consist-ed of Wild West village, the stand of Ignacy ukasiewicz and the stand of petroleum in-dustry last two were held by our Chapter and were there to educate by fun.

    We played a role of the speaker, we were sup-posed to explain the youngest generation the whole process of crude oil production in an interesting and easy way. Apart from this, our chapter prepared mini geological museum where we were presenting a magnificent col-

    Giving back to local communities

    AGH UST SPE Student Chapter cooperating with ORLEN UpstreamBarbara Pach, Joanna Wilaszek, Maciej Kobielski

  • 40 Giving back to local communities

    lection of rocks, minerals and fossils. People could touch the exhibits and even take some of them as a keepsake. We had also prepared a few games for children. They could feel like real geologists, holding hammers in their lit-tle hands. They also could play a role of treas-ure hunters during seeking rocks hidden in gypsum. Moreover, there was an opportunity to take part in laboratory experiences with crude oil and draw using the most valuable paint in the world- crude oil. The youngest children could solve riddles and play a jigsaw puzzle, all referring to the subject of drilling. We were also organizing a prize competition consisting on carefully listening to Ignacy ukasiewiczs story about his invention par-affin lamp and simply ideas which revolution-ized the whole petroleum industry forever. Education were reconciled with fun so many children took part in the activities.

    The events were completed with a kind ges-ture charity donation of backpack sets for local children.

    The petroleum industry can be a bit mysteri-ous for the people not directly connected to the business. That is why we met local peo-ple to learn about their apprehensions and doubts connected with exploration works in their region. Explaining stereotypes is not an easy job, especially with all not quite cor-rect information available via Internet. As we know, the stereotypes originate from the lack of information. That is why during the pic-nics we were trying to create an opportunity for local people to broaden their knowledge about exploration works in the region and facts connected with prospecting of shale gas.

    The main idea of the picnic was not only to entertain children but also to educate peo-ple on the subject of drilling and producing hydrocarbons. To make people better under-stand how does it really look like and explain them that the drilling works that are made in their region are a really great chance.

    Thanks to the fact that we were not the hosts employees, we gained much more trust and attention than we would get in the other case. Even though we passed the same information they used to it is a paradox, but it sounded somehow more credible. And the most impor-tant, grace to the fact, that, as students, we are still learning, we were able to explain the matter in a way easier to understand than the specialists could explain. We still remember

  • AGH UST SPE Student Chapter cooperating with ORLEN Upstream 41

    autumn / 2012

    what was new and obscure for us a few years ago. Thanks to this fact we knew how to eluci-date difficult issues.

    Such events are excellent examples of a very interesting cooperation among a company and a student organization. It is a smart and comfortable solution for the companies to gain social acceptance, and a really good op-portunity for students to prove their value as potential workers. For our SPE Student Chap-ter the next interesting event.

    In the ending words, the picnic was really impressive. Thanks to it we got new expe-riences that can be useful in our future life. First of all, after many conversations with local people we are conscious now, how does

    these people perceive the prospecting works in their region and what they are afraid of. We also had a chance to talk to the company representatives and learn about their experi-ences with local people and get to know some-thing about exploration works the company is making in the region. A memorable expe-rience was to fill the youngest minds with curiosity and knowledge about the process of crude oil production. Invaluable is also the fact that during such events we are learning how to cooperate in a group.

    The event proved to be a success, both for ORLEN Upstream and for our Chapter. We hope that this is just the beginning of our fruitful cooperation that will be continued in the future.

  • 42 42

    My Schlumberger Way of Lifesix weeks between the rig, bbq and currywurst Friday

    Antonia Thurmaier

    Its 4 oclock, a.m. And we are still sitting in the truck, in the middle of nowhere in the north of Germany. An engineer, a trainee, an operator and me, started an open hole wireline job 20 hours ago and it would still take another 5 hours until the job would be finished. The normal routine for an engi-neer of Schlumberger, but something really special for me.

    How I got selectedLet me introduce myself real quick: My name is Antonia, I am 21 years old and Im studying Petroleum Engineering at the mining university Leoben, Austria in my third year now.

    I first heard about Schlumberger from col-leagues, but I didnt really care about that company until a point, where our local SPE team sent a mail that Schlumberger would visit our university and do interviews for in-ternships and the trainee program.

    So I decided to google that company, which has the same name as the famous sparkling wine producing company in Austria. After I decided that Schlumberger would be a com-pany of interest for me, I applied for an in-ternship.

    The Schlumberger interview came and I was terribly anxious, because it was the first in-terview in my career, but as it started I have encountered the whatever-feeling, meaning that even if I would fail, it would have still been a valuable experience.

    I was even more surprised when I was offered an internship in wireline at the Schlumberger base in Vechta, Niedersachsen, Germany.

    Marion Bcouze: I spent six weeks in Vechta base in the North West of Germa-

    ny. I was a trainee in the Well Cement-ing segment. I had the chance to go on

    several jobs in Germany to see cementing operations in gas wells.

    As I discovered later, there were four other students of Leoben also doing an internship for Schlumberger.

    Bucharest QHSE introductionThe journey started in Bucharest, Roma-nia, where all the chosen interns of the CEU (Continental Europe) area met for a three day

  • Antonia Thurmaier 43

    autumn / 2012

  • 44 My Schlumberger Way of Life

    introduction to the Schlumberger way of life. Around 30 interns from all over Europe came together and made the introduction days really fun. Our recruiter Bastien and his QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, Environment) colleague Maria told us how to behave in a safe way. I am pretty sure that everybody are using proper techniques while walking the stairs.

    Florian Aelfers, Drilling and Measure-ment, Vechta Base, Germany: The in-

    ternship puts the studies of Petroleum Engineering really in perspective. At the beginning it shows you how much you

    really know about the oil field and the in-dustry itself. At the end youll gain a quite good base of knowledge which gives you a huge advantage in the upcoming drill-ing and well design lectures and labs. So I definitely know what I want to do after I have finished university Welcome to

    productive studying!

    Vechta first rig within the first weekMy next stop was Vechta, where I was lo-cated with five other interns (two from Leo-ben, one from France and two from Poland).

    We got picked up at the airport and got direct-ly driven to the base where we got assigned to our FSM (Field Service Managers, the bosses of the different departments) and started our internship immediately.

    In the first few days, there was a lot of admin-istrative issues to take care of as: picking up PPE (Personal Protecitve Equipment), getting another QHSE and H2S course and trying to convince the computer department to give a laptop to me.

    During my work in wireline, I got assigned to my mentor, who took me around and showed me the workshop. I stuck to him, so I was able to see some tool calibrations and tool testing.

    My FSM wanted me to see as many jobs in the field as possible, so I got the chance to go on the rig with a senior specialist. It was such a great experience for me, seeing a rig from a closer distance, really standing in the wire-line truck and watching the guys doing what they did.

    Other internsAnd also after work there was always some-thing to do or some place to go, either with the other interns or with the trainees and en-gineers. With twenty percent internationals in the base, who didnt have family around either, there was a great relation between the engineers and trainees. There was one place where you could be sure to find a Schlumberg-er after work the pub. There were a lot of BBQs and a lot of trips to go on the weekends as well. In fact, I have never barbequed that often in my life, six times in ten weeks. Thats my personal high score.

    Oana Sipos, Testing, Ravenna, Italy: Be-ing a vacation trainee at Schlumberger

    was one of the best things that I could do this summer. Starting with the cultural

    experience and going through all the peo-ple Ive met, whether those working in

    the base or those who were there just for business trips. I was able to get a glimpse of what the work was like, the good parts and equally, what is challenging about the job. Ive heard stories I would have never expected, which intrigued me enough to accept to go for a recruiting session next

    Wednesday.

  • Antonia Thurmaier 45

    autumn / 2012

    The weeks ran by really fast, and I was al-lowed to go on two other jobs, all open hole. I spent the time at the base with my newly assigned mentor, due to the fact that my for-mer mentor was out of the base almost all of the time. With him I was really allowed to do stuff, instead of just watching as before, and even if it was just connecting a tool string, it was still great. I also helped out in the sonde lab, which was quite nice too, because the maintenance guy was showing me how the tools work.

    The most unforgettable time I had, was when I, an engineer, a trainee and two crews of operators went up to Usedom, an island in the Baltic Sea, really close to Poland.

    We picked up a specialist from Norway, be-cause the tool which has been used was re-ally special and sensitive. It was an open hole tool, which measures the formation pressure, using packers which inflate them-selves with mud, sealing the bore hole and then measuring.

  • 46 My Schlumberger Way of Life

    Kuba Jagieo, Drilling and Measurement, Vechta, Germany: Best opportunity to gain

    valuable experience, to see the business from the inside.

    It took 25 hours until the job was done, thanks to the coffee machine. There is one in every truck by the way. I mostly of stayed awake. During the rig-up, I was allowed to give the operators a helping hand. After I showed them and the rig crew, that even though I was a girl, I could really help them carrying heavy stuff and that I was able to follow direc-tions, they allowed me to help them on the rig floor.

    The good relation between all the internationalsTime ran by way too fast, and soon it was the time to go home. There is no better place in Vechta to celebrate a great internship than the Stoppelmarkt, a huge party, similar to the Oktoberfest in Munich. All of the interns, op-

    erators and engineers got together and par-tied (too) hard.

    In the end there is not a lot more to say than that I really enjoyed being a part of Schlum-berger. There are some dark sides too, but you can find them in any other company as well.

    Kacper Malinowski, Completion, Raven-na, Italy: Participating in Schlumberger

    Vacation Training was a great experience. After years of studies I could finally see

    and use the equipment and devices which are used in modern petroleum industry.

    Helping others in a workshop or on a job in the field taught me cooperation and re-sponsibility. Vacation training allowed me to see how the work in an oilfield service

    company really looks like.

    I learned a lot, thanks to my colleagues, I made new friends, and I surely dont need any more currywurst in my life, thanks to the little Friday tradition cultivated in bases canteen.

    Looking for an internship?young petro.org/careers

    coming soon

  • autumn / 2012

    47 47

    Where the science and practice meet, there the horizons of petroleum world are ex-panding. It happened for the fourth time during the Oil & Gas Horizons Conference 2012 at Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. On November 12 Moscow once again became a heart of petroleum world. This international conference gathered over one hundred students from different uni-versities and institutes as well as the pro-fessors and professionals from Europe and Asia.

    It is 12th of November and we are sitting in board room at Gubkin Russian State Uni-versity of Oil and Gas. Solemn atmosphere is foreshadowing that this is a beginning of something unique. The Rector of the Uni-versity, Martynov Victor and the Chairman of SPE Moscow Section, Yakov Volokitin are opening the conference with their speeches. The Organizing Committee Gubkin Univer-sity SPE Student Chapter is welcoming all the participants and encouraging them to say first and foremost about their professional competence. Simply we realize that it is a be-

    ginning of much more important event than common student conference.

    Oil & Gas Horizons Conference connects vari-ous fields and finds common denominator be-tween them petroleum industry. This year it also focused on a wide range of issues con-cerning petroleum industry. Interdisciplinary plenary session provided a great introduction to the main event of the day student paper contest.

    More than 70 students from different Univer-sities in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland and even more were sharing results of their research in eight thematic sections: from drilling and completion through geosciences to petroleum economics and management is-sues. Three the best students of each section stood on the podium and were rewarded in the Closing Ceremony in the Russian Trade Chamber.

    How to unite competition, knowledge shar-ing and fun? It is simplewith PetroOlympic Games success was guaranteed! During the

    Expanding Oil & Gas HorizonsBarbara Pach

  • 48 Expanding Oil & Gas Horizons

    Oil & Gas Horizons Conference all partici-pants took part in the second edition of this fantastic game. It was great opportunity for students to verify their basic petroleum knowledge, co-operate in groups and above all network and have fun together.

    SPE Student Chapter Workshop proved that small opportunities are often the beginning of great enterprises. And the SPE member-ship gives these opportunities every day. During the session representatives of every Student Chapter shared their ideas on how activities and projects conducted within the organization can attract young people con-nected with petroleum industry.

    Every student chapter has many problems to face. The discussion about them was held dur-

    ing the SPE Student Chapters Board Meeting. It gave a chance to exchange ideas and expe-rience between members. The meeting was supported by priceless advices from the SPEs Membership Coordinator, Antonina Kozmina and Regional Director Russia & Caspian Re-gion, Andrey Gladkov.

    Very important in such event as internation-al student conference is a dialogue between students who have a plan to work in petrole-um industry and professionals who are their potential employers. However, no less impor-tant is building relations between students from different part of world. The integration was guaranteed at evenings. There is no bet-ter thing than dancing and fun networking games after busy days.

    It was a second time when YoungPetro Mag-azine participated in the Oil & Gas Horizons Conference. Summer issue was put into hands almost all students and profession-als. It is a great honor to be a media patron of such a prestigious event which is getting much bigger and more professional year by year. On behalf of the Organizing Commit-tee we want to invite for the next edition- Oil & Gas Horizons 2013! We wish organiz-ing committee further successes in creating friendlier image of petroleum world while expanding the Horizons of Oil & Gas! To find current information about next edition go to: www.spe-gubkin.org.

    48 Expanding Oil & Gas Horizons

  • For information about advertising options:

    youngpetro.org/ads or [email protected] for PapersYoungPetro is waiting for your paper!

    Th e topics of the papers should refer to: Drilling Engineering, Reservoir Engineering, Fuels and Energy, Geology and Geophysics, Environmental Protection, Management and Economics

    Papers should be sent to papers @ youngpetro.org

    For more information visit youngpetro.org/papers

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