autopipe tutorial v6 3

AUTOPIPE®

Pipe Stress Analysis

DAA023000-1/0001

AUTOPIPE®

P I P E S T R E S S AN AL Y S I SVersion 6.3

BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC.

WWW.BENTLEY.COM

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COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

TRADEMARKS

Bentley and the “B” Bentley logo are registered trademarks and Bentley SELECT is a registeredservice mark of Bentley Systems, Incorporated or Bentley Software, Inc.

AutoPLANT is a registered trademark of Rebis.Rebis is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bentley Systems, Incorporated.

ISOGEN is a registered trademark of Alias Ltd., United Kingdom.Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc.Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo are registered trademarks of Adobe SystemsIncorporated.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.

Other brands and product names are the trademarks of their respective owners.

COPYRIGHTS

Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent acommitment on the part of Bentley Systems Incorporated. The software in this document isfurnished under a license agreement or a non-disclosure agreement. It is against the law to copy thesoftware on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license or non-disclosure agreement.No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying or recording, for any purpose without the writtenpermission of Bentley Systems, Incorporated. If this manual is being received electronically, youmay print one copy for each licensed user, to whom the manual relate, for informational, non-commercial purposes, provided that any copy of this document (or any portion thereof) containsthis copyright notice.

1997-2003 Rebis. All rights reserved. (the copyright date is changed as needed to reflect datedchanges to the documenation)

AutoPLANT 1997 Rebis.

Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States and internationaltreaties. All rights reserved.

DAA023000-1/0001

AutoPIPE® Tutorial i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................1-2

FEATURE SUMMARY .................................................................................................1-2PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES .............................................1-2HANGER DESIGN...........................................................................................1-2STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE.....................................................1-2NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS...............................................................1-3LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS .................................................................1-3FINITE ELEMENT THEORY ...........................................................................1-3DYNAMIC ANALYSIS......................................................................................1-4POST PROCESSING ......................................................................................1-4PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE.........................................................................1-4CAD INTERFACES .........................................................................................1-5ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS ..........1-5

NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE 6.30 .........................................................................1-5

AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS ...............................................................................1-7

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS.........................................................................................1-8

RELEASE NOTES .......................................................................................................1-8

TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES ...................................................................1-9TECHNICAL SUPPORT ..................................................................................1-9SELECT SERVICES ONLINE .........................................................................1-9SELECT PRIVILEGES ..................................................................................1-10

PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES ...............................................1-10AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT ...................................1-10EXCLUSIVE LICENSING OPTIONS.......................................................1-10DISCOUNTS ON TRAINING AND CONSULTING SERVICES...............1-10

BENTLEY CONSULTING..............................................................................1-10BENTLEY INSTITUTE...................................................................................1-11THE BENTLEY INTEGRATION NETWORK .................................................1-11

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS ........................................................................1-12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AutoPIPE® Tutorialii

CHAPTER 2: BASIC CONCEPTS

USING THE ON-LINE HELP ....................................................................................... 2-2

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW................................................................................. 2-3

STARTING AUTOPIPE ............................................................................................... 2-4

LOADING A MODEL ................................................................................................... 2-5DEFINING A NEW MODEL ............................................................................ 2-5LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL .................................................................. 2-7

INTERFACE ................................................................................................................ 2-8SCREEN LAYOUT.......................................................................................... 2-8DIALOGS ........................................................................................................ 2-9

KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS.................................................................... 2-9UNITS FORMAT..................................................................................... 2-10

MENU STRUCTURE .................................................................................... 2-11TOOLBARS .................................................................................................. 2-11HOTKEYS..................................................................................................... 2-11

AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS........................................................................ 2-11UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS......................................................... 2-12

RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS.................................................... 2-14GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT ....................................................................... 2-15UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT..................................................... 2-15

CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD............. 2-16MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY ................................................... 2-16

BASIC TASKS ........................................................................................................... 2-17EXECUTING A COMMAND.......................................................................... 2-17SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS ................................................ 2-18INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT..................................................... 2-18MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS .................................................. 2-18DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS..................................................... 2-19SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET) .......................... 2-19

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial iii

PART I: CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

CHAPTER 3: CREATING A NEW MODEL

OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................3-2

CREATING A NEW SYSTEM ......................................................................................3-3

ROUTING SEGMENT A...............................................................................................3-7ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE..............................................3-7ADDING A TEE .............................................................................................3-15ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT....................3-18

ROUTING SEGMENT B.............................................................................................3-22ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT..................3-22EDITING CONTROLS ...................................................................................3-25CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS .3-29SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING.....................................................3-32INSERTING A SUPPORT .............................................................................3-36

CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................3-40WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................3-41

CHAPTER 4: MODIFYING PROPERTIES

OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................4-2

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER ...........................................................4-2

SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER ............................................................4-3

MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE...............................................4-4

MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS................................................4-5

GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS.................4-7

REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES...........................................................................4-10


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AutoPIPE® Tutorialiv

CHAPTER 5: LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS

OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 5-2

ASSIGNING LOADS.................................................................................................... 5-2DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD........................... 5-2ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS.................. 5-5ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS................................................ 5-6

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS......................................................................... 5-6

GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES............................................................ 5-8

DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS...................................................................... 5-10

USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS................................................................. 5-11

MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS....................................................................... 5-12

INTERACTIVE REVIEW............................................................................................ 5-15

DESIGN CHANGE..................................................................................................... 5-18

CHAPTER REVIEW .................................................................................................. 5-21WHAT’S NEXT?............................................................................................ 5-22

CHAPTER 6: OUTPUT REPORTS

OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 6-2

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS ......................................................................... 6-2

GENERATING THE REPORT..................................................................................... 6-3

REVIEWING THE REPORT ........................................................................................ 6-4

CLOSING THE REPORT ............................................................................................ 6-4

CHAPTER REVIEW .................................................................................................... 6-4WHAT’S NEXT?.............................................................................................. 6-4

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial v

PART II: CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

CHAPTER 7: CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS

IMPORTING A PXF FILE.............................................................................................7-2

REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA................................................................................7-5

CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE....................................................................7-7

NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY ..................................................................................7-8

CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT......................................................7-9

CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT................................................................7-13


CHAPTER 8: VIEWING OPTIONS

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW...................................................................................8-2

SOLID MODEL VIEW...................................................................................................8-2

VECTOR VIEW ............................................................................................................8-3

CHAPTER REVIEW .....................................................................................................8-4WHAT’S NEXT? ..............................................................................................8-4

CHAPTER 9: CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL

FRAME OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................9-2

CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL........................................................9-2

ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME.........................................................................9-7

VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL ..................................................................................9-8

INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL..................................................................9-9OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM ...................................................................9-9INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS..........................................................9-10AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING......................................................................9-12SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS..................................................................9-12INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL ............................................................9-13

CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE ......................................................................9-15

CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................9-19

WHAT’S NEXT? .........................................................................................................9-19

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AutoPIPE® Tutorialvi

CHAPTER 10: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 10-2

DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS.................................................................... 10-2

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS....................................................................... 10-3

INTERACTIVE RESULTS REVIEW .......................................................................... 10-5

APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA................................................................... 10-6

SELECTING COMBINATIONS.................................................................................. 10-7

ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE ................................................................. 10-9

REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS ................................................................ 10-11

CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................ 10-12

AutoPIPE® Tutorial 1-1

INTRODUCTION

AutoPIPE is a stand-alone computer aided engineering (CAE) program forcalculation of piping stresses, flange analysis, pipe support design, andequipment nozzle loading analysis under static and dynamic loadingconditions. In addition to 22 piping codes, AutoPIPE incorporates ASME,European, British Standard, API, NEMA, ANSI, ASCE, AISC, UBC, andWRC guidelines and design limits to provide a comprehensive analysis of theentire system. Version 6.30 is available for Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP andsupports networked environments.

There are two versions of AutoPIPE: Plus and Standard. The Plus versionoffers several advanced analysis capabilities not available in the standardversion which are detailed later in this chapter. A KHK2 add-on option isalso available for the Plus version that allows use of the Japanese KHK Level2 piping code in addition to all the features of the Plus version. AutoPIPE isa proven, well-established program that has been commercially availablesince 1986. AutoPIPE’s rigorous quality assurance practices have withstoodnumerous on-site audits, making AutoPIPE one of the few PC based pipingprograms approved for use in nuclear safety applications.

OVERVIEW 1-2

FEATURE SUMMARY 1-2

NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE 6.30 1-5

AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS 1-7

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 1-8

RELEASE NOTES 1-8

TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES 1-9

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS 1-12

1

INTRODUCTIONOVERVIEW

AutoPIPE® Tutorial1-2

OVERVIEW

Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design, AutoPIPEutilizes Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and CAD interfaces toenable users to create, modify, and review piping and structural models and their results quicklyand easily.

A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing instantvisual feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being entered andalerts the user if the model does not comply with the regulatory standards of piping design.

Using AutoPIPE’s object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify pipeproperties, supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command. Graphicalselection of ranges is also used for cut, copy, & paste operations.

FEATURE SUMMARY

The following is a partial list of the features and capabilities of AutoPIPE. Refer to the on-line helpfor a complete reference of features and functionality.

PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES

AutoPIPE contains a comprehensive and extensible library of material properties and piping &structural components including pipes, reducers, tees, valves, flanges, beams, flexible connectorsand other items. Supports include: anchors, spring and constant force hangers, one-way restraints,limit stops, guides, snubbers and tie-rods.

The material library includes temperature dependent properties and code dependent allowables.AutoPIPE provides component libraries for ASME/ANSI, JIS, DIN, and Nordic standards.

HANGER DESIGN

AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The programselects hangers from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, Bergen-Patterson, Lisega, NPS, and others.

STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE

AutoPIPE provides built-in structural analysis with frame elements to enable users to consider themass and flexibility of structural supports as part of their piping analysis. AutoPIPE providesstructural modeling options for user specified beta angles to orient beam local cross-section axeswith global axes, rigid end lengths to account for the connectivity of end points to other membersin the structural system, and end releases to model pinned connections. AutoPIPE’s unique twopoint support elements allow the user to define the connection between pipe and structural steelusing gaps and friction at the same point if required.

INTRODUCTIONFEATURE SUMMARY


The AISC structural library with cross sectional properties and a database of properties ofcommonly used structural steel materials is included within AutoPIPE. Users can easily definetheir own frame elements and steel materials to model frame elements not included in theAutoPIPE’s database.

Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPE’s graphicalinterface. In this manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with oneoperation using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options or by clicking on a particular frame element.

NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS

AutoPIPE provides directional supports, gaps, friction, bilinear spring supports and nonlinearburied pipeline analysis. Users can specify both gaps and friction at a support point to simulate realworld boundary conditions. AutoPIPE provides 2-point restraint functionality to define tie rodswith gaps, pipe/structure interaction, and other connectivity between any 2 points in the system.

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for nonlinear load sequencing. Users can, for example,specify that wind, seismic, or other occasional loads are analyzed in sequence immediately afterthe gravity load or specify that the occasional loads are analyzed after thermal. In this manner,users can accurately calculate loads and stresses for occasional loads acting on the operatingposition of the piping or the ambient position of the piping. Load sequencing options also allow theuser to calculate gravity and thermal loads using nonlinear analysis and seismic loads using linearanalysis (as recommended by UBC and other design standards) in the same run.

LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS

AutoPIPE provides a link to WinNOZL for calculations of local shell stresses per British Standard5500, Welding Research Council bulletin 107, 297, and 368, using stress allowables and loadcombinations as specified by ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and 2. Various piping load combinations ontanks can be examined in accordance with the API 650 code.

Further, AutoPIPE provides unique options for hillside nozzles and reinforcing pad calculations.These are available for cylinders, spheres, cones, semi-ellipses, and torispheres. The automaticimporting of AutoPIPE piping loads saves time and minimizes user errors.

FINITE ELEMENT THEORY

AutoPIPE is a finite element program used to analyze piping and structural systems subjected tostatic and dynamic loads. Use of intelligent defaults allows the user to analyze complex systemswithout in-depth knowledge of finite element theory.

INTRODUCTIONFEATURE SUMMARY


DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra,phased harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. Formodal analysis, AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass andzero period acceleration may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark problems and provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor movements, andcode case N411 capability.

AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of waterhammer,steamhammer, and relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic analysis.Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can calculate flow induced vibrations, or pulsationsassociated with reciprocating equipment, and automatically transfer those harmonic loads directlyinto AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping responses.

POST PROCESSING

After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses, loads,deflections, or mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations, and pop-upwindows enable the engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical areas without havingto review a voluminous amount of batch output data.

Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or withoutfilters, for on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed automatically.Unique filter options allow the user to generate custom output reports based on user-defined stress,deflection, or load criteria. AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple thermal, wind, seismic,wave, and dynamic loads all in one analysis with Min/Max load summaries.

Using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included in theoutput report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points in a 1,000point model.

PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE

AutoPIPE checks and generates code compliance reports for the following piping codes:

� ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8

� ASME Section III Class 2 & 3

� European EN13480

� Canadian CAN/CSA – Z662

� British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code)

� Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2

INTRODUCTIONNEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE 6.30


� Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6

� Dutch Stoomwezen D1101

� Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and JapaneseKHK

� French RCC-M and SNCT

CAD INTERFACES

AutoPIPE 6.30 can import CAD piping models from AutoPLANT, AutoPLANTDesigner/Isometrics, ProPIPE, Intergraph PDS, Cadcentre PDMS, and PASCE plant designsystems.

AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format intoAutoCAD or MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE cansave man-hours in the creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent errorsassociated with manual entry of piping models.

ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for underground and subsea pipeline analysis, dynamicloading, nonlinear restraints, and orthotropic piping analysis. Following is a summary of advancedAutoPIPE capabilities:

Built-in wave loading, buried pipeline analysis, pipe/structure interaction, calculation of localstresses, time history dynamic analysis, fluid transient synthesizers, gaps & friction, relief valveload calculator, FRP/GRP pipe analysis, jacketed piping, 22 piping codes.

NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE 6.30

Major features and enhancements implemented in this version include:

� European piping code standard EN 13480-2002

� ASME Code Update - ASME B31.3-2002 edition

� ASME Code Update - ASME B31.8a-2000 addenda

� ASME Code Update - ASME BPV-III-1-NC-2001 edition

� ASME Code Update - ASME BPV-III-1-ND-2001 edition

� Update CSA-Z662 piping code (Oil and Gas pipeline systems) to 1999 edition

� Edit length field when modifying run, bend or tee point

� Increase number of spring hanger ranges from 4 to 5

INTRODUCTIONNEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE 6.30


� Added variable spring supports from British manufacturer QPS

� Added HYDRA variable spring supports from German manufacture Witzenmann

� Added Bergen-Power variable catalog 2V spring supports

� Added Grinnell hanger ranges triple & quadruple and sizes 00 & 000

� Added hanger data from Mitsubishi, NHK, Sanwa Tekki & Yamashita

� Updated Lisega hanger data to Standard Supports 2010 Catalog (10/2001)

� Option to specify relative offset of suction or discharge nozzle

� Option to delete rotating equipment data

� Option to delete wave loading data

� Added new sub-reports to model input list report

� Added flange DIN pressure ratings for 6, 64, 100, 160, 250, 320 & 400

� Added ANSI B16.5a-1998, Group 1.15 to the ANSI flange material library

� Updated hardware security to software security (RSSL/RSCM)

INTRODUCTIONAUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS


AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS

The following is a list of features available in AutoPIPE and AutoPIPE Plus.

Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE PlusHanger � �

Static Linear � �

Static Nonlinear � �

Modal � �Response Spectrum(SRSS combination method only)

� �

Harmonic �Force Spectrum �Time History �SAM �Buried pipe �NUREG combinations andCode case 411 spectrum

�

Static correction -Missing mass correction and ZPA

�

10 Response Spectrum load cases �Static earthquake � �Wind - ASCE, UBC and User Profile � �Wave loading and buoyancy �Fluid Transient Loads �Relief Valve Loads �ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8 � �ASME Class II and ASME Class III �ASME B31.1-1967 �Canadian piping codes �International piping codes & European EN13480 �

Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code Note 1General piping code � �Rotating Equipment reports � �Large model size � �Beam elements for modeling frames and supports � �Library utilities � �

Note1: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.

INTRODUCTIONSYSTEM REQUIREMENTS


SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Before installing AutoPIPE Version 6.30, be sure your computer meets the following, minimumrequirements:

� Platform: AutoPIPE is designed to run on the following platforms/operating systems. Ata minimum, your computer should meet the requirements for that system; for example,the amount of RAM required by AutoPIPE depends on the RAM requirements of theenvironment in which you will be working:

- Windows NT 4.0- Windows 98- Windows 2000- Windows XP

� Hard disk space: Approximately 52 MB

� RAM: minimum 128MB

RELEASE NOTES

The latest program release information and changes to the program that are not included in the manualare listed in the README file located in the AutoPIPE program directory. This file can be openedfrom the AutoPIPE Readme option in AutoPIPE for Windows menu in the taskbar.

INTRODUCTIONTECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES


TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES

Bentley’s Professional Services organization is dedicated to optimizing and supporting engineeringenvironments worldwide. This trained team of experts provides users of Bentley technology a hostof technical services that helps project teams leverage architectural and engineering information.

Bentley SELECT is your premier service and technology program. The most comprehensiveoffering of its kind, Bentley SELECT streamlines the delivery and support of Bentley products intoone convenient program for its members.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

At the heart of Bentley's support initiative is Bentley SELECT, the most comprehensive serviceand technology subscription program of its kind. With a commitment to its users unequalled in itsindustry, Bentley streamlines the delivery and support of its products to Bentley SELECTsubscribers.

Organizations whose competitive advantage stems from continuous improvement rely on BentleySELECT to increase their employees' skills in employing Bentley products and, ultimately,improve their bottom line.

Bentley users not currently subscribed to Bentley SELECT should visit the Contacts Page athttp://www.bentley.com/corporate/contacts/ for technical support information.

SELECT SERVICES ONLINE

SELECT services Online is an all-encompassing repository of technical information and supportchannels. At SELECT services Online, members can access:

� Downloads

� Support tools

� Interactive support

� Docs and publications

� Account information

� Developer support

� Project services



SELECT PRIVILEGES

PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES

Bentley SELECT members receive free updates and upgrades for all Bentley products covered bySELECT as soon as they are available, via Web downloads and MySELECT CD.

AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Priority telephone, and E-mail ensure member access to support anytime, anywhere--with aguaranteed response in under four hours.

Email: [email protected]

Phone: U.S. and Canada 1-800-BENTLEYEurope, Middle East, and Africa (+31) 023 5560555

EXCLUSIVE LICENSING OPTIONS

SELECT licensing offers several automatic options that lower the total cost of technologyownership. They include SELECTserver licensing, subscription licensing and home-use licensing.

DISCOUNTS ON TRAINING AND CONSULTING SERVICES

Bentley SELECT also offers discounts on Bentley Institute courses and Bentley Consultingservices.

BENTLEY CONSULTING

Bentley Consulting specializes in assisting organizations in:

� Exploiting technology

� Optimizing workflow

� Helping project team members be their most productive

With the know-how that only comes from years of practical experience, Bentley Consulting teammembers--located around the globe--work with firms to determine best practice standards andassist in implementing a plan to guide their people, methods and technology. The result for you:your project team will work smarter, faster and with higher quality results.



BENTLEY INSTITUTE

The Bentley Institute provides ongoing training courses to help organizations achieve maximumproductivity through professional growth.

� Training courses are delivered at authorized Bentley Institute Centers worldwide.

� Professional Series courses focus on training on Bentley's Engineering Configurations.These courses are delivered at Bentley facilities and taught by qualified faculty memberswho have industry as well as application expertise.

THE BENTLEY INTEGRATION NETWORK

The Bentley Integration Network comprises more than 1,000 professionals dedicated toaccelerating the e-transformation of the engineering industry. This global network:

� Implements the most advanced engineering information creation and management tools

� Utilizes best practices to deliver bottom-line, business benefits

� Extends the power of engineering intelligence to architects, engineers, partners, clientsand owners.

Its comprehensive suite of services ranges from high-level consulting to improve business processto customized development, implementation, training and support.

INTRODUCTIONDOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS


DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

A number of conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial to make the informationpresented easier to identify and understand.

3?>F5>D9?> 45C3B9@D9?>

>?D5* Precedes information of general importance.

89>D* Precedes optional time-saving information.

G1B>9>7* Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normaloperating conditions.

FILENAMES Directory paths and file names are italicized.Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

3URJUDP &RGH Excerpts from text or basic script files and script variables and statements appear inthe font shown.

INPUT Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown.

Menu &Buttons

Menu commands and dialog buttons appear in a sans serif font that stands out fromnormal body text.Example: After selecting the File menu, press the OK button in the dialog.

� Individual keyboard keys, or key combinations, are graphically represented.Examples: �, �, �+�

DialogsField_Name

Dialog and database table names are italicized.Example: The Preferences dialog.

Select Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog.

Pick Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing.

Throughout this Tutorial, the menu command sequence required to execute acommand will be explicitly defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button ispresented in the left margin.


BASIC CONCEPTS

This section introduces you to some of the basic concepts and modelingpractices employed by AutoPIPE. You are also introduced to the interfaceand guided through some basic procedures.

USING THE ON-LINE HELP 2-2

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW 2-3

STARTING AUTOPIPE 2-4

LOADING A MODEL 2-5

INTERFACE 2-8

AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS 2-11

BASIC TASKS 2-17

2

BASIC CONCEPTSUSING THE ON-LINE HELP


USING THE ON-LINE HELP

The intent of this document is to familiarize you with the features and interface of AutoPIPE. It isnot a comprehensive User’s Guide or Command Reference. For a complete listing of all AutoPIPEcommands and features, as well as for a list of reference topics and other useful information, referto the extensive on-line help system that has been provided with your software. Bentley Help hasbeen designed to provide you access to a variety of different types of help. The suggestions belowwill make the help system more useful.

� Dialog and Context-sensitive Help: From within a dialog, you have a variety of help available.For information on a particular field, you can right-click in the field to obtain field-specificinformation. You can also press the ? key in the title bar of the dialog, then select any of thefields in the dialog. This second method has the advantage of being able to access help relatedto grayed-out (disabled) items. Additionally, from within a dialog you can always press theHelp button to access overview information related to that dialog.

� Menu Level Help: A variety of techniques are provided for gaining access to menu commandhelp. You can highlight any of the AutoPIPE menu commands then press F1 to jump directlyto command-specific help. You can also interactively navigate through the help system byselecting the Help/Menu command.

� Help Topics: You can view a “book layout” of the help system at any time by pressing theHelp Topics button in the top bar of the help topic.

� Index: An extensive index of help topics has been provided. Press the Help Topics button, thenclick on the Index tab and type in a topic in the field provided. The index list will filter as youtype.

� Relationship between Command Reference and Reference Information: A link exists betweenmany of the help topics in the Menu Command Reference section and supplemental referenceinformation which explains code compliance calculations, available component and materiallibraries, etc. After reviewing general help for a particular topic, check if there are additionallinks displayed at the bottom of the main topic window.

� Related Topics: Some Help Topics are logically linked. In these instances, pressing a RelatedTopics button will present a list of topics related to the open item. Highlight a selection in thislist to open a related topic.

� Examples: An extensive on-line workbook has been provided which contains procedures formany common AutoPIPE tasks. You can get to this area from the main help page, through thetable of contents, or by links provided within one of the topics themselves.

� Considerations and Notes: Some topics have supplemental considerations and notes available.These features explain additional design considerations and requirements of which you shouldbe aware.

BASIC CONCEPTSBASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW


� Printing: It is very easy to produce hard copies of help documentation. To print the currenttopic, simply press Print from the topic window. Bentley Help will send the topic to the defaultWindows printer. To print a range of topics, go the Contents tab and highlight a book. All thebooks and topics that are nested beneath that book will be sent to the printer.

� Bookmarks: Bookmarks can be very useful when using a help file. Select Bookmark from theHelp Topic menu. A dialog is displayed allowing you to define the bookmark, and a paper clipicon appears on the topic title. Bookmark sections that you access frequently, or attach notesto them using the Annotate command.

� Additional information on Help: For more information on using Windows Help Systems, pressF1 while in any help topic. The Windows Help file is opened, which contains specificinformation on maximizing the power of windows help systems.

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW

This chapter provides you with a tour of the AutoPIPE interface, and walks you through several ofthe most basic tasks from opening a model and defining a new system to placing a fewcomponents. If you are a new user, you should carefully review the discussions of selecting points,specifying ranges, and inserting components. Veteran users who are switching from DOS to theWindows edition of AutoPIPE should also note that the new interface allows for many tasks to beperformed graphically rather than through a series of keystrokes.

This Chapter introduces you to the most basic AutoPIPE tasks, including:

� Starting AutoPIPE: Double-click on the AutoPIPE icon (or select it from a taskbar)

� Loading a system model: The first step in every AutoPIPE session is either to define a newsystem model or load an existing one.

� Navigating the interface: This section covers basic interface navigation techniques andintroduces you to the program interface, menu structure, and command techniques.

� AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts: When modeling in AutoPIPE it is important to understand someof the concepts and techniques the designers have built into the interface. This section brieflydescribes modeling concepts and principles.

Each of these topics is covered briefly in this chapter. The intention is to give you a generalunderstanding of these concepts. For more detailed information regarding a particular command oractivity, refer to the appropriate section of the AutoPIPE on-line help. Chapter 3 of this GettingStarted manual includes a walk-through tutorial of AutoPIPE features for the novice user.

BASIC CONCEPTSSTARTING AUTOPIPE


>_dU Before you can begin working with AutoPIPE, the software must be installed andconfigured for your system.

STARTING AUTOPIPE

The procedure for starting AutoPIPE is provided below:

!� From the Windows’ Start menu, select the AutoPIPE 6.3 icon from the AutoPIPE programgroup.

"� The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.

BASIC CONCEPTSLOADING A MODEL


LOADING A MODEL

After opening AutoPIPE, the next step is to either create/define a new system or to load an existingone. Both procedures are provided below.

DEFINING A NEW MODEL

The first step in creating a new model is to name and define the model as described below:

!� Select File/New to open the New dialog shown below.

"� Indicate the path where the file will be stored using standard Windows file selectiontechniques (i.e., highlight the appropriate drive, then the directory where the file will bestored).

#� After the path information is specified, type the name of the model in the File name field, thenpress Save.

>_dU The next several steps will present a series of dialogs for the definition of the model andits operating parameters. Each of these dialogs is discussed briefly below for the purposeof demonstrating the sequence of steps required to create a new model. In the nextchapter we’ll take a closer look at the definition of model properties. As always, you canalso refer to the on-line help for comprehensive dialog information.



$� The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

Complete each of the fields to adequately describe your model. Of particular note is the PipingCode selection list, which allows you to choose from a variety of pre-defined piping codes.After completing the dialog, press OK.

%� The Segment dialog is displayed for the definition of the initial segment that will be used asthe starting point of your model. Define the starting point name, any offset values, and a pipeidentifier that will be associated with all components that belong to that segment. Ascomponents are placed on the line, point names are generated. The default point names alwaysbegin with the segment name (“A” in the example below) to which they belong. Aftercompleting the dialog, press OK.

&� The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. From this location you define the initial pipeproperties of the model. This dialog will be explained in the next chapter. After completingthe dialog, press OK.

'� The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed for the definition of operating loads. Entervalues in each of the fields as required by the demands of your system, then press OK to closethe dialog.



(� The setup of the new model is complete. You can now add a component to the first point(A00) in the system (or insert an offset distance from this point). In the next chapter, we’llcreate a new model and demonstrate methods for placing and connecting components.

LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL

!� Select File/Open/AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). A dialog like the one shown below is displayed.

"� Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the Fileslist, then press OK. The previously saved model and its data are now available for editing orreport generation.

BASIC CONCEPTSINTERFACE


INTERFACE

The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and reviewingmodels of any complexity.

SCREEN LAYOUT

Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPE’s interface by examining the areas of thescreen annotated below.



DIALOGS

Dialogs present and request information.

� Press OK to accept the values in a dialog

� Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For example,there is a limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the appropriate code froma list when the cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is contained inside the dialog itself,and is opened by pressing on the Ø adjacent to that field.

� The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right handcorner of the screen.

� To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Enter from the dialog isthe equivalent of pressing OK. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the mouse toselect the desired location.

� Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a 9. Positioning the cursor in that field andthen pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state.

� Right-click on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To obtain “bigpicture” dialog help, press the Help button.

KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS

As you begin creating a model, you’ll soon become familiar with AutoPIPE’s use of dialogs togather information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the fields ofa dialog, many users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below.

D1C; ;5I2?1B4

Advance to next field�

Return to previous field�+�

Accept values and close dialog�

Cancel values and close dialog�



UNITS FORMAT

As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the statusbar in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs of our users,AutoPIPE allows special characters to be used to decipher the field format and convert these todecimal equivalents. The types of input which are allowed when inputting English units areillustrated in the table below:

4539=1< 655D 655D�9>385C

2.2708 2’3.25”

2’3.25

2’3”1/4

2-3-1/4

1.0417 1’.5”

1’.5

1’0”1/2

1-0.5

1-0-1/2

0.0625 0.75”

0’.75

0’0”3/4

0-0.75

0-0-3/4

1.0833 1’1”

1’1

13”

0’13

1-1

1-1-0

>_dU Only the coordinates in “Offset” fields (i.e., “Length”,“DX/DY/DZ”) use architectural units.You can have AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting “Use feet-inches display format” inTools/Model Options/Edit

BASIC CONCEPTSAUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS


MENU STRUCTURE

All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the menu system. For a detailed description of thecapabilities and functionality of a specific command, refer to the AutoPIPE On-line Help MenuReference. The top menu that is displayed above the drawing area depends on the current mode ofthe program:

� The standard Menu is displayed when building or editing a model

� AutoPIPE can be placed in a Worksheet Mode, which displays a model’s data in spreadsheetformat.

Note that each of these menus has a toolbar associated with it.

TOOLBARS

AutoPIPE has two types of toolbars: command and components. Command toolbars are alwaysdocked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from this location. The componenttoolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its position along the right side of the screen andpositioned as a “floating toolbar” in the modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply“drag” the title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize.

8Y^d If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a secondor two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button.

HOTKEYS

A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys. InAutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control and then pressing a letter key.Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these hotkeysare displayed in the AutoPIPE pull-down menus next to the item it executes.

AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS

Experienced users of AutoPIPE have come to appreciate the speed and efficiency with whichdetailed, data-rich models can be created, modified, and reviewed. If you are a novice user, it isimportant to understand some basic concepts of the program.

� Models are created from individual pipe segments

� Components are attached to the active point (cursor location)

� The piping system geometry and properties can be modified



UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS

Each piping system is divided into a number of segments. As an example, the sample model shownbelow contains five segments labeled A through E. Piping models are entered into the program,segment by segment. They may be extended or modified at any time by either adding moresegments or changing existing ones. The segments are labeled automatically (A through E in theexample). If more than twenty-six segments are entered, the additional ones are labeled AA, AB,AC and so on.

Although most of the piping segment definition is handled automatically with AutoPIPE, in somecircumstances it is advantageous to plan the model in advance and divide it into logical “segments”before creating the system (see ‘Rules for defining Pipe Segments’). Typically, a segment wouldbegin and end at anchor points or a branch connection. However, as shown in Figure 2-1 on thefacing page, at point D02, a pipeline may be divided into two or more contiguous segments.Whenever a tee/branch is inserted, AutoPIPE automatically assigns a new segment identifier. Eachnew segment begins with a different alpha character, making it easier for node numbering andeasier to keep track of segments when reviewing input listings or output results.

When defining a new system, AutoPIPE automatically displays the first Segment screen (the firstsegment is segment A). In this screen, the user must specify starting X,Y, Z coordinates of theSegment and input a Pipe identifier name. A Pipe identifier is used to assign properties. The Pipeidentifier can be any name that the user wishes to use. It is a good idea to choose a meaningfulname such as the first few letters of a line ID or something like 8”std (indicating 8” nominaldiameter, standard schedule wall thickness) to help you keep track of pipe properties whenreviewing the model.

These properties will be applied to all components attached to that pipe identifier until otherwisespecified by inputting a new pipe identifier name in one of the component dialogue screens. Afterinputting a new Pipe identifier name, the Pipe properties dialogue screen will automatically bedisplayed for input. For example, if you define a Pipe identifier as a 4-inch line, then all followingcomponents will default to those same properties until the user types in a new Pipe identifier nameon a component dialogue. A segment can be made up of multiple pipe identifiers.

Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify/Properties of Pipe Identifier (whichmodifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it was used) or by graphicalselection of a range of points and Modify/Pipe Properties Over Range.

>_dU AutoPIPE makes extensive use of dialogs to obtain user input. A discussion oftechniques for navigating throughout the fields of a dialog is provided later in this chapter.



Figure 2-1: Pipe Segments



RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS

A number of rules govern the definition of piping segments; they are listed as follows:

!� Each segment has a forward and backward direction and is entered as a sequence of points.AutoPIPE automatically keeps track of the local axis of the segment, making it convenient toinsert intermediate points or components using the Length field. These points areautomatically assigned alphanumeric names (which the user can override), with a maximum offour characters each. For example, in Figure 2-1, segment B is defined by points A03, B01,B02, B03, B04, and B05, all of which have default names. The default increment in pointnames is 1. This increment can be changed under Tools/Model Options/Edit. AutoPIPE canautomatically renumber point names after editing using the Renumber button orEdit/Renumber.

"� Wind loads and Hydrotest can be turned on and off on a segment by segment basis, so keepthat in mind when creating your model. Also, AutoPIPE provides options to view the model,graphically select, delete, or view output results on a segment by segment basis.

#� Global coordinates must be entered for the first point of the first segment (default globalcoordinates of Segment A is 0,0,0). AutoPIPE automatically displays the first segment screenfor the user. This is point A00 in the example. Then, each point along the segment is typicallylocated by offsets from the preceding point, until the whole segment has been defined (e.g.points A00 to A06 for segment A).

$� Subsequent segments typically begin at points which have been defined previously (point A03in segment B is an example). These points are either branch points or continuation points (see#6 below). Since these points have already been defined, entering coordinate data for them isnot necessary.

%� Although Subsequent segments typically begin or end at an existing point, this is not necessaryfor the program to function correctly. It is often more convenient to start a disconnectedsegment in space using Insert/Segment or clicking on the Segment button, typing in the name ofthe first point (in this case, make sure that the name of the first point on the segment is not thename of a previously defined point), and assigning the starting X,Y,Z coordinates of that newSegment. For example, it may be more convenient to define suction and discharge sections asdisconnected segments without having to model the equipment (see Pump Modeling Examplein AutoPIPE on-line help). Also, the ability to handle disconnected segments is a bigadvantage when importing sections from a CAD model.

&� A continuation point is established when a new segment is defined to begin at the end point ofan existing segment (see point D02 in the Figure 2-1). This is typically done to divide a longlength of pipe into shorter segments or to turn on and off wind loads or hydrotest on a segmentby segment basis.

'� A tee branch connection point is any point which joins two or more pipe segments, andrequires a multiple pipe connection (see points A03, and B05 in the Figure 2-1) such as a teeor cross. A continuation point can be made into a branch point using Modify/Convert Pointto/Tee.



(� Cut and paste automatically creates a new segment.

When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that everything atthe current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.

GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT

In previous versions of AutoPIPE, users would have to insert a new segment at an existing runpoint in order to insert a tee branch connection. With the new Tee element, this procedure is nolonger required (although users can still input a tee branch by inserting a segment at a run point ifdesired).

The Tee element automates the insertion of tees and includes the offset distance from the previouspoint. For example, if a user wishes to insert a tee point on a header 5 feet away from his currentpoint (active point), he clicks on the Tee button or Insert/Tee and inputs an offset of 5 feet as wellas the tee type information for stress intensification purposes. The Tee element will automaticallyassign a new segment once the user begins to input the branch. AutoPIPE will keep this point a teefor stress intensification, even if the user does not create a branch. In some cases, users may choosenot to input small diameter vent or drain pipe branches, but still want the stress intensificationfactor at the tee connection point. AutoPIPE displays a graphical symbol at Tee points enablingusers to visually review tee locations. Users can also click on Tee arrows to easily switch betweenthe header and branch side of the tee.

Users can convert an existing run point to a Tee using Modify/Convert point to/Tee command.

UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT

After defining and inserting a segment, you’ll notice that a small crosshair appears in the drawingarea. This crosshair represents the currently active point. The active point is also displayed in thestatus area immediately below the drawing area.

When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting acomponent type for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting pointof the component to be inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment the pointto the next value and concatenate this with the letter that defines the current segment. For example,if you are inserting a run point on Segment A that contains nothing but an anchor point, the RunPoint dialog will contain the value A01 in the Name of Point field.



To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The crosshairsshould redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the new point aswell. In a complex model, you can click on the Go To Point button and type in your desired activepoint location. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the active point asdescribed below.

It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For example,in Figure 2-1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03 segment A andpoint A03 segment B. The active point name and segment location is displayed in the bottom righthand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between multiple segments on the same Pointlocation, it is usually more convenient to use the up and down arrow keys (see following section onkeyboard commands).

CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD

As an alternative to the mouse, the “Active Point” crosshairs can be controlled using the keyboard.

;5I D1C;

Ö Move to the next point in the current segment (forward segmentdirection).

Õ Move to the previous point in the current segment (backward segmentdirection).

× When at a segment junction, move to the next segment that connectsto the current point (more than 2 segments are possible).

Ø When at a segment junction, move to the previous segment thatconnects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible).

^ Move to the first point of the next segment.

` Move to the last point of the previous segment.

W Move to the next intermediate soil point for the current soil region.

V + W Move to the previous intermediate soil point for the current soil region.

MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY

It is not necessary for a piping system to be defined completely in a single AutoPIPE session,because AutoPIPE allows a wide variety of additions, deletions, and changes to be made. Inparticular:

!� New segments can be added at any time.

"� Previously defined segments can be extended at any time.

#� Existing segments can be modified, or can be deleted and replaced.

BASIC CONCEPTSBASIC TASKS


$� A complete system, or sections of a system, can be copied within the same job or betweenseparate jobs with automatic renumbering.

%� Components can be inserted, deleted, or modified at any time.

GQb^Y^W As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety ofinconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning orerror messages. However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible inconsistencies.Users must take care in making changes, and must review the changes carefully, toinsure that the modified geometry and properties are correct.

BASIC TASKS

This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following:

� Executing a command

� Selecting a component

� Inserting a component

� Modifying a component

� Deleting a component

� Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)

EXECUTING A COMMAND

Commands can be executed in one of three ways:

� Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar.

� Select a command from the menu system

� Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu system. As anexample, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The key-in commandoption requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely efficient method of input.



SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS

� Click on it with the mouse. By clicking on the outer edge of a component, the component turnsred to indicate that it is selected. If it is a two-point component such as a valve or flexiblejoint, the red indicates that the beginning point and end point of a two-point component havebeen selected.

� Graphically select a range of points (see following ‘Selecting a Range of Points’ section)

INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT

� Position the cursor on the desired point by clicking on it, then click on one of the componentbuttons from the toolbar. To insert an intermediate run point, or multiple run points, click onthe pipe run button.

� Position the cursor on the insertion point, then select the desired component from the Insertmenu.

� Users can graphically select a range to insert across ranges of points with one command (see‘Selecting a Range’)

� Place the cursor on the desired point, then use the keyboard equivalent menu commands tokey-in the insertion

� Position the cursor over the desired button, press and hold the left mouse button, then “drag”the button off the toolbar and “drop” it onto the desired point by releasing the mouse button.This is known as the “drag and drop” technique.

MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS

Use one of the techniques below to modify points or components.

� Using the mouse, double click on the graphical representation of the component to open itsassociated dialog. Double click on a point to modify point offsets.

� Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then right-click thecomponent to be modified from the toolbar.

� Click on one of the points associated with the component, then select the component namefrom the Modify menu.

� Users can graphically select a range to modify across a range of points with one command (see‘Selecting a Range’)



DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS

Use one of the techniques below to delete existing points or components:

� Select the unwanted component with the mouse then press the Del key on the keyboard.

� Select the unwanted component then press the Delete button on the command toolbar.

� Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then hold down the [Shift]and right-click the component to be deleted from the toolbar.

� Graphically select a range, then select the corresponding component name from the Deletemenu to delete across an entire range of points with one command (see Selecting a Range).

� Select the unwanted component then select the Edit/Delete menu command.

� Select it with the mouse or position the active point at that location, then select thecorresponding component name from the Delete menu.

SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET)

Selection of ranges is a powerful tool within AutoPIPE that users should become familiar with. Bygraphically selecting ranges of points, users can insert, modify, or delete components, properties,loads, and other data across ranges of points with one command or graphically select points to beincluded in the output reports. Also, selection of ranges is required in order to graphically cut,copy, or paste.

There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using buttons or theSelect menu, users can select by a number of different criteria such as by segment, point names,component type, pipe diameter and other parameters. In addition, users can create a mouse zoombox Window and click on the Select all points in Window button to select a range. Another commonmethod used to select a range is to click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift]key, then click on the last point in the range. The selection set will highlight in red. This is thesame technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular Windows programs.

To create a selection set that includes components that are not part of a contiguous run, use the[Ctrl] key as follows: To add more components to this set, or delete points from this set press andhold the [Ctrl] key and select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows you to select aset of components that are not continuous. Alternatively, Select/Point enables buttons that can addor subtract from the selection set on a point by point basis.

The Select/Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to input“From” and “To” points inside a dialog.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPETUTORIAL MODEL

The following chapters in this Tutorial guide you through the creation of asample AutoPIPE model. After the model is created, you will learn how todefine loads, analyze the system, and produce output reports.

CHAPTER 3: CREATING A NEW MODEL

CHAPTER 4: MODIFYING PROPERTIES

CHAPTER 5: LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS

CHAPTER 6: OUTPUT REPORTS

I

CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

AutoPIPE® Tutorial


CREATING A NEW MODEL

In this chapter you will create the first tutorial model. Before placingcomponents in a model, you must define the associated piping code, pressureand temperature loads, starting coordinates, and other factors. These valuesare used after the model is constructed in the analysis of stress, operatingloads, code compliance, etc. After the model properties are defined, you willroute two segments and experiment with AutoPIPE’s Undo and Redofeatures.

OVERVIEW 3-2

CREATING A NEW SYSTEM 3-3

ROUTING SEGMENT A 3-7

ROUTING SEGMENT B 3-22

CHAPTER REVIEW 3-40

3

CREATING A NEW MODELOVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In this chapter we’ll build the first of our two tutorial models. Each step of the model creationprocess is discussed, and various model construction techniques are introduced. At the completionof this chapter, you will have built the model shown below:

CREATING A NEW MODELCREATING A NEW SYSTEM


CREATING A NEW SYSTEM

When a new system is created, AutoPIPE automatically presents a series of dialogs that allow youto establish the piping code, pressure and temperature loads, pipe materials, and other factors. Thissection guides you through the completion of each of these dialogs.

>_dU Before beginning this exercise, you may want to create a directory on your local drivewhere the tutorial model can be saved.

� TO CREATE A NEW SYSTEM

!� Select File/New.

"� The New dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Type TUTOR1 in the File Namefield, then press Save.

>_dU By default, the file is saved in the same directory where AutoPIPE is installed. If you’dprefer, save the tutorial model in a separate directory.

#� The General Model Options dialog is automatically displayed. For the first tutorial model,let’s discuss some of these areas in detail. First, input the following values:

� Project ID: AutoPIPE Tutorial 1

� Prepared by: {your initials}

>_dU The values you input in these two fields will appear in the headers of reports that aregenerated on the system.



$� AutoPIPE filters many of its dialogs based on the Piping Code to ensure code compliance andto help you properly identify various elements of the system. Select B31.3 from the Piping Codeselection list (press the down arrow next to the field to open a list of the available codes).

%� Note the Vertical Axis field. AutoPIPE models are constructed in three-dimensional space,which means that you must be aware of three direction vectors. By default, the vertical axiswill be set to the Y-axis. However, if you’d like to customize the vector that is considered torun in the vertical plane, you could change this value. For our model, accept the Y-axisdefault.

&� The next field of interest is the Number of Thermal/Pressure Cases. In order to define twothermal/pressure cases for analysis, input a value of 2 in this field.

'� There are several methods for navigating within AutoPIPE dialogs. You can use the mouse toposition the cursor in a field, or press [Tab] to jump to the next field in sequence. For example,press [Tab] now to jump to the Ambient Temperature field, which contains a value of 70. Afterthis field is highlighted, examine the status bar at the bottom of the AutoPIPE applicationwindow. The lower right hand corner will always display the units associated with the activefield. In this case, the status field reads deg F. A brief glance at the Units area of the status barwill always help you to confirm the units associated with the active field. Accept the defaultAmbient Temperature value of 70.

(� Press OK to close the General Model Options dialog. The Segment dialog is automaticallydisplayed.



)� The Segment dialog allows you to assign a name and starting location for the first pipesegment that will be placed in the model. Accept the (0,0,0) global coordinate default for thefirst segment (A). The next step is to assign a Pipe Identifier to this segment. A set of pipeproperties can be defined and associated with a named ID. It is a good idea to choose ameaningful pipe identifier name such as the first few letters of a line ID or a descriptive name.In our example, we will use 12”STD to indicate a 12" nominal, standard schedule wallthickness. Input 12"STD in the Pipe data identifier field, then press OK.

! � The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Note that 12”STD appears automatically in the PipeIdentifier field of this dialog. These properties will be associated with all componentsassociated with the 12”STD line.

>_dU During creation of the model, you can define a new segment and give it a new PipeIdentifier. Doing so will re-display the Pipe Properties dialog for the definition of the newpipe.



!!� Specify the size of the pipe by selecting 12.000 from the Nominal Diameter selection list.

!"� Enter 1 in the Insulation Thickness field.

!#� From the Insulation Material field, select Calc for calcium silicate. After the insulation materialis selected, the dialog is automatically populated with insulation density values. AutoPIPEcontains a list of these definitions in its default libraries. If desired, you can override thesevalues manually.

!$� From the Pipe Material field, select A106-B carbon steel type. As with the Insulation Material,AutoPIPE will automatically populate the material properties and stress allowables based onthe definitions in the library.

>_dU If a material is requested which is not in the library, the procedure would be to select NS(for Non-Standard), then define the material property values manually.

!%� Press OK to close the Pipe Properties dialog. The Pressure and Temperature dialog isautomatically displayed. Note that two columns are available for input in this dialog. This isbecause we entered “2” in the Number of Thermal/Pressure cases field (from the General ModelOptions dialog). Input 350 (psi) in the Case 1 Pressure field, then [Tab] to the Case 1temperature and input 20 (deg F). After the Case 1 Pressure/Temperature values have beenspecified, [Tab] twice to define the values for Case 2. Input a Case 2 Pressure of 350 and atemperature of 550.

!&� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

!'� The properties of the system and starting segment have now been defined. Note that a marker( + ) has been placed at the (0,0,0) starting point named A00.

CREATING A NEW MODELROUTING SEGMENT A


ROUTING SEGMENT A

Now that the system and pipe properties have been defined, we can begin placing components onSegment A. After completing this section, you will have created the section of the model shownbelow.

ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE

We will begin this system by inserting an anchor element. An anchor restrains the pipe in all 3translational and all 3 rotational directions.

!� Select Insert/Anchor to display the Anchor dialog.

"� Press OK to accept the defaults and place a rigid anchor with no thermal movements.

The next component will be an elbow. An elbow (bend) is a unique component in AutoPIPEbecause it must be offset a specified distance from an existing point, and because theorientation of the bend is determined by the location of the next component placed in themodel. The user specifies the distance from the previous point to the tangent intersection point(TIP) of the bend (see graphic below). After the TIP is known, the orientation of the elbow isdetermined by the subsequent component.



#� Select Insert/Bend to place the elbow. The Bend dialog is displayed as shown in the followingfigure.

$� We’ll place this elbow 10’ 3 ½” from the anchor point in the Z-direction. AutoPIPE allowsyou to input architectural units. [Tab] twice to the DZ field, then input 10’3”1/2 as shown above.(An equivalent entry would be 10-3-1/2). [Tab] to advance the cursor to the next field. Noticethat the Length field is updated automatically, and converts the feet/inches format to decimalunits. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.



The TIP (tangetintersect point) of

the bend is routedfrom the anchor.

%� Select Insert/Bend to place a second elbow in the model. The Bend dialog is re-displayed asshown in the following figure.

&� [Tab] twice to the DY-Offsets field and enter 10 feet to indicate a 10 foot vertical offsetdimension to the tangent intersection point. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appearsas shown in the following figure. Note that the first elbow is now drawn, while the secondelbow is not. This is because the second elbow is still awaiting the definition of a new point inorder to properly orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Also, AutoPIPE automaticallyplaced a run of pipe between the anchor and the first bend.



Now that the downstreampoint has been placed,

AutoPIPE can draw theelbow at point A01.

'� Let’s change the view of the current model. Select View/Solid Model to display a three-dimensional view of the model. The drawing appears as shown in the following figure. Notethat a pipe segment exists between the anchor and the bend at point A01.

(� Let’s create a new run point. Select Insert/Run. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown inthe following figure.

)� [Tab] once to the DX-Offsets field and enter - 3 to create a new run point 3 feet from the TIP ofthe second bend in the -X direction. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shownin the following figure.



! � The next step is to insert a reducer at point A03. Select Insert/Reducer to display the dialogshown below.

!!� Enter 9" (note the use of the inch symbol here) in the Length field. Note that the length fieldkeeps track of the local axis, saving the user from having to type DX, DY, DZ offsets. Again,once you [Tab] to advance the cursor, AutoPIPE automatically converts the Imperial units (9”)to the decimal equivalent (0.75).

!"� Since a reducer always has a different pipe property on the other end, we need to input a newpipe identifier name for which we will assign properties. Input 8"STD in the Pipe Identifier field,then press OK to close the dialog.

!#� The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.



!$� Select 8.00 from the Nominal Diameter selection list, then press OK to accept the remainingpipe property values. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

!%� Next, we will insert a valve beginning at node A04 at the far point of the reducer. SelectInsert/Valve to open the Valve dialog shown below.



!&� In this example, we will allow the weight and length of the valve to be extracted fromAutoPIPE's valve database. Accept the default Gate-F valve and select a Pressure Rating of 300as shown. Note that valve length and weight is automatically filled in from the database (thevalve properties from the AutoPIPE database can be overridden). Press OK to close the dialog.The model appears as shown in the following figure.

PT1

PT2

!'� Let’s zoom into the valve to examine it in detail. There are several zooming controls providedby AutoPIPE. To view a windowed area, select PT1 in the figure above, then press and holdthe mouse window and “drag” the cursor to define the opposite corner (PT2 in the figureabove). A dotted line defines the perimeter of the viewing window. Press the Windowed Zoombutton on the toolbar (or right-click with the mouse) to zoom into the defined area. The modelappears as shown in the following figure.



!(� Note that the valve requires a flange connection. To add flanges to both ends of the valve withone command, we will first select the entire component. Click along the outer edge of thevalve to select and highlight it.

!)� Select Insert/Flange. The Flange dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

" � Accept the default SLIP-ON flange type. From the Pressure Rating field, select 300. In theConnection to pipe, select SO for slip-on connection. Press OK to accept the remainingdefaults. AutoPIPE's flange database is used for the definition of flange weights. Flanges areplaced on both sides of the valve as shown in the graphic below.



"!� Select View/All. The extents of the model are displayed as shown in the following figure.

ADDING A TEE

Now let’s add a tee to this section of the line and finish Segment A. Later in this chapter we’llcreate a second segment that begins at the branch of the tee.

!� Click on point A05 at the open end of the valve/flange combination to make it the active point.

"� We will now specify new pressure/temperature loading conditions starting at point A05. SelectInsert/Pressure & Temperature. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.



#� Input the following values:

Case 1 Case 2

Pressure 300 300

Temperature 10 250

$� [Tab] once and notice that the stress allowable is updated automatically. Press OK to close thedialog.

%� A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure ratingof the valve and flange may need to be updated).

&� Next you will insert a tee from this point. Select Insert/Tee.

'� The Tee Point dialog is displayed.

(� Click the Length field and enter 4 feet. The Tee element automatically inserts a 4 foot run ofpipe and prompts the user to input tee information for stress intensification purposes.

)� Select Welding from Type of Tee selection list. The crotch fields are displayed for the weldingtee. Disable the Consider crotch radius and thickness to use 4.4*T/r option.

>_dU The tee types that appear in this list are filtered by AutoPIPE according to the piping codeassociated with the model. AutoPIPE will automatically compute stress intensificationfactors (SIF) for each type based on values stored in the component libraries. SelectOther from the tee-type list to input user-specified in-plane and out-of-plane SIF's fornonstandard branch connections.



! � Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown in thefollowing figure.

!!� Select View/Redraw to clean up the display. Note that a graphic represents the placement of thetee without completing it. Like the Bend symbol, which required a downstream point to orientthe elbow, the tee can only be oriented after its branch location is specified. Later in thischapter we’ll route components off this branch to create Segment B.

>_dU In some cases, users may want to input a tee symbol for SIF purposes without specifyingthe branch.

!"� Select View/ All to view the extents of the model. The model appears as shown in the followingfigure.



ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT

In this section AutoPIPE’s custom view controls are demonstrated, and a pipe run and anchor areadded to the model to complete Segment A.

!� Because AutoPIPE models are three-dimensional, a variety of viewing controls has beenprovided to allow you to view the model from different perspectives. One method of changingthe view includes the set of controls shown below.

RedrawZoom

Former Zoom InRotate- Horiz.

Rotate- Vertical Pan

Draw All WindowedZoom

ZoomOut

Rotate+ Horiz.

Rotate+ Vertical

Press the Rotate+Horizontal icon three times. Next, press Rotate+Vertical three times. Thegraphic representation appears as shown in the following figure.

"� Note the control panel on the bottom of the model window. As an alternative to the icons, youcan interactively pan the model by selecting a point in the modeling area, holding the mousebutton down, and “dragging” the model to the desired view. For example, select a point anddrag it to the right to “pan” the model. When the graphic is displayed as shown in thefollowing figure, release the mouse button.



8Y^d As with the rotation technique mentioned above, you can gain quick access to the PANfeature by right-clicking in the model area. The PAN icon appears. Click and hold the leftmouse button to drag the model to a new area of the screen.

#� Press OK to close the Zoom panel (or double-click with the mouse). The 3D model nowappears as shown in the following figure.



$� Now let’s complete the pipe segment. Select Insert/Run.

%� The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

&� Input 17 in the Length field, and then press OK. The model appears as shown in the followingfigure.

'� Select Insert/Anchor.

(� The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.



)� Select View/Default to return to the initial view of the model, then select File/Save. Thecompleted view of Segment A is shown below.

CREATING A NEW MODELROUTING SEGMENT B


ROUTING SEGMENT B

In this section of the tutorial we’ll create a second segment (B), which branches off the tee at pointA06. During the creation of this segment, we’ll demonstrate some of the techniques that can beused as alternatives to some of the traditional placement methods discussed previously. We’ll alsoreview the use of AutoPIPE’s powerful Undo and Redo commands.

ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT

!� Select the branch arrow near point A06 to indicate that you want to begin routing componentsoff of this branch. Point A06 and the branch arrow are highlighted.

Select this branch arrownear tee point A06.

"� Select Insert/Run.

#� The Run Point dialog is displayed.

$� Input - 10 in the DZ offset field.

%� Input 8”STD53 in the Pipe data Identifier field. Press OK to close the dialog.



&� AutoPIPE recognizes that 8”STD53 has not been previously defined and automatically displaysthe Pipe Properties dialog.

'� Select A53-B as the Pipe Material, and then press OK to close the dialog. AutoPIPEautomatically updates the Cold Allowable and pipe properties for the newly selected material.

(� The Pressure and Temperature dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default values. Themodel appears as shown in the following figure.

)� Earlier in this chapter we placed an elbow using the Insert/Bend command. An alternativemethod is to simply route two perpendicular pipe runs, then convert the intersecting point toan elbow. This method is demonstrated below. Select Insert/Run.

! � The Run Point dialog is displayed.



!!� Enter 6 in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field.

!"� Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Note howthe two pipe runs are connected at point B01. Obviously, a bend is required at this location.

!#� Select point B01 to make it active.

!$� Select Modify/Convert Point to/Bend. An elbow is placed at the junction between the two piperuns as shown in the graphic below.

The junction hasbeen converted to abend point.



EDITING CONTROLS

In this section we’ll review some of AutoPIPE’s editing controls. During this section of the tutorialwe will purposefully create and delete points, modify coordinates, etc., in order to demonstrate thepowerful editing commands in your toolbox.

!� Pick point B02 to continue routing Segment B from that point.


#� Press OK to accept the defaults and create a new run point 6 feet from B02 in the +Y direction.The model appears as shown in the following figure.

$� Since a straight pipe run exists between B01 and B03, we really don’t need point B02. Selectpoint B02 to make it active, then delete the point using one of the following methods:

� Select the Delete button on the toolbar

� Press the [Del] key on the keyboard

� Select Delete/Point

� Select Delete/Run



%� A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press Yes to delete the point. The model appears as shownin the following figure.

&� Now let’s delete the entire segment. Ensure that Segment B is displayed in the status bar, thenselect Delete/Segment. When the confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to remove it. Themodel appears as shown in the following figure.

'� Because AutoPIPE retains a history of the commands you have performed, you can choose toUndo or Redo certain actions. For example, select Edit/Undo. The deleted segment is restoredas shown in the following figure.



(� Select Edit/Undo again and the intermediate point B02 is restored as shown in the followingfigure



)� Select Edit/Undo twice more to remove point B03, then to undo the Convert to Bend commandwe performed earlier. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

! � Select Edit/Redo to re-convert the point to an elbow. The graphic appears as shown in thefollowing figure.

!!� Select View/All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.



CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS

In this section we’ll create intermediate points on Segment A, and use AutoPIPE’s Copy and Pastecommands to place copies of Segment B at the new points.

!� Select the tee arrow near point A06 that lies between the tee and the anchor at point A07.

Select this tee arrownear point A06


#� The Run Point dialog is displayed. Previously, we defined new points in this dialog. In thiscase, we’ll generate 2 new points along the existing run. In the Generate Points field, input 2.[Tab] to the next field and notice that AutoPIPE automatically updates the length and offsetfields. Press OK.

>_dU By default, AutoPIPE will generate equally spaced intermediate points. You can overridethe default by specifying a value in the Offsets field.

$� Two points are inserted in the model between the tee at point A06 and the anchor at point A07.Notice that the points from the tee to the anchor are no longer numbered sequentially. This isbecause the intermediate points were generated after the anchor point. To renumber the points,select Edit/Renumber/All Points. The points are now numbered sequentially as shown in thefollowing figure.



%� Now that we have two intermediate points along Segment A, we can place new components atthose locations. In this exercise we’re going to demonstrate the ability to copy entirecomponent assemblies. The first step is to select the components to copy. ChooseSelect/Segment.

&� The control dialog shown below is displayed. Pick any point on Segment B and note that “B”now appears in the Select segments to add field, and that Segment B is highlighted.

'� Select Edit/Copy.

(� The control dialog now prompts for the base point as shown in the following figure. Select thetee at point A06 then press OK to close the control bar.

)� Segment B has now been copied to the clipboard, where it is stored in memory for Pasteoperations. Choose Select/Clear to clear the selected points.

8Y^d You can also clear a range by picking any single point in the model.

! � The next step is to specify the point(s) where the copied segment should be placed. Pick pointPT1 shown in the graphic below, press and hold the mouse button, then “drag” to point PT2and release. A dotted box should appear around points A08 and A07 as shown in the graphicbelow.



Create a window aroundpoints A08 and A07

PT1

PT2

!!� Choose Select/Range. The section of pipe between A07 and A08 is highlighted.

!"� Select Edit/Paste. The Paste dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default and place thecopied segment directly on points A07 and A08.

!#� Select View/All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure. Notice thatthe copied segments were assigned unique Segment names (C and D), and that all the points inthe model are unique.

!$� Select File/Save.



SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING

In this section we’ll demonstrate a method for re-positioning and re-scaling existing segments.

!� Earlier we demonstrated how to use the Select Segment command. You can also manuallyselect a segment by selecting a range that encompasses all the points. Pick point A07, thenhold down the [Shift] key and pick point C02. Segment C is highlighted as shown in thefollowing figure.

After selecting the points,Segment C is highlighted(in red on color monitors)

"� Select Edit/Scale. The Scale dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

#� [Tab] twice to the Z Factor field and enter - 1 to specify that the selected range should be movedto the opposite Z-axis.

$� Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.



%� Select View/Redraw to clean up the display.

&� Segment C should still be highlighted. We’re now going to add Segment A to the selection setand move Segments A and C in the Z direction. Doing so will automatically cause the length ofthe connecting segments to stretch. With Segment C still highlighted, press the [Ctrl] button onthe keyboard and select the anchor at point A00. After selecting the point, press the [Shift] keyand select the anchor at the opposite end of the segment at point A09. Segments A and Cshould now be highlighted as shown in the following figure.

Segments A and Cshould now behighlighted.



'� Select Edit/Move/Stretch.

(� The Move/Stretch dialog is displayed.

)� In this dialog we’ll specify that the selected range is to be moved 6 feet in the Z direction.[Tab] twice to the DZ field and input 6 as shown above. Press OK to close the dialog.

! � Select View/Redraw to clean up the display. The model appears as shown in the followingfigure. Note that the cutlengths along segments B and D automatically stretched along with theselection that was moved.

The cutlength of these two runsis increased automatically aftersegments A and C are moved.



!!� Select Edit/Undo to return the selected range to the previous position, then press Edit/Undoagain return Segment C to the opposite side of the main pipe run. The model appears as shownin the following figure.

!"� Select Select/Clear to clear the selection set.

!#� Now we’ll demonstrate how selection sets can be used to insert multiple componentssimultaneously. Previously, we created a selection set that defined a range of components. Inthis exercise, we’ll create a selection set of points. Select Select/Point. The control dialogshown below is displayed.

!$� With the control dialog displayed, select the following points: D02, C02, B02. All three pointnames are highlighted.

!%� Select Insert/Anchor.

!&� The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK three times to accept the defaults and place ananchor at each of the selected points. The model appears as shown in the following figure.



INSERTING A SUPPORT

In this exercise we’ll add a run point near the bend at point A02 and insert a support at thatlocation.

!� First, zoom into the area around the bend at point A02. Create a zoom window by picking PT1as shown in the graphic below, then drag the mouse to point PT2 and release.

PT1

PT2

Create a window aroundthe bend at point A02.



"� After the dotted line appears around the bend, select View/Zoom. The model appears as shownin the following figure.

#� Before adding a support, we need to add a run point where the support will be placed. Pickpoint A02 to make it the active point, then select Insert/Run.

$� The Run Point dialog is displayed.

%� Input 2 feet in the Length field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. The newpoint A10 is inserted in the model as shown in the following figure.



&� Select Insert/Support.

'� The Support dialog is displayed. Select Guide from the Support Type field. The dialog isfiltered to provide fields related to the definition of a Guide Support.

(� Input the following values:

� Gap Left: 0.4

� Gap Right: 0.6

� Friction Coefficient: 0.3 (pipe friction on the support)

)� Press OK to close the dialog. The support is inserted into the model as shown in the followingfigure.



! � Select Edit/Renumber/All Points to renumber the points sequentially.

!!� Select View/All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.

!"� Select File/Save.

CREATING A NEW MODELCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we introduced several modeling techniques which were used in the construction of amodel. Before continuing, please review the following concepts, which were introduced in thischapter.

� Piping Codes: Each model in AutoPIPE must be associated with a specific Piping Code.AutoPIPE will automatically generate component and material options during operation of theprogram based on the selected piping code. The code is also used in code compliancecalculations.

� Pipe Properties: Every object placed in a model is associated with a particular set of pipeproperties. These properties are initially defined during the creation of a new system, but canbe modified at any point during the design process.

� Bend Placement: Bends require a unique placement procedure. First, the user specifies atangent intersect point (TIP). This is the location where two perpendicular pipe runs wouldintersect, and does not indicate an actual physical point on the bend itself. After the TIP isspecified, the user must specify the location of the next component or point. Thedownstream/next point helps to orient the elbow in three-dimensional space.

� Flange Insertion: Flanges may be inserted on both sides of a component (i.e., a valve) with asingle command. Highlight the desired component, then select Insert/Flange. After completingthe dialog, flanges will be placed on both sides of the selected component.

� Tee Insertion: Like elbows, tees rely on the placement of a connecting component in order toorient it properly. Before the branch can be oriented, a run point or component must be routedoff the branch end of the tee. To route off a tee branch, select the arrow graphic associatedwith the tee, then select the desired point or component placement command.

� Zoom Controls: AutoPIPE provides a variety of commands for controlling the display of themodel. The Zoom controls are available in the View pull-down menu, and on a special set oftoolbar buttons. A zoom control panel appears on the bottom of the application window, andthe model is displayed as a wireframe graphic. Use the commands in the menu or toolbar, orinteractively pan, zoom, and rotate the model using the keyboard commands listed on thecontrol bar.

� Converting a Point: Intersecting points on pipe runs can be converted to a bend or a tee. Theprocess is to first route the pipe runs, then select the intersection point and execute theappropriate Modify/Convert Point to command. Existing points can also be converted to runpoints using the Modify/Convert Point to/Run command.



� Intermediate Points: Points can be added along an existing pipe run. The process is to firstselect a starting point, then select Insert/Run. When the Run Point dialog appears, specify thedesired quantity of intermediate points in the Generate Points field. By default, the new point(s)will be equally spaced between the active point and the next downstream point.

� Renumbering Points: When inserting new points along an existing run, the point names will nolonger be numbered sequentially along the segment (assuming the default naming scheme wasutilized). To correct this, use the Edit/Renumber commands.

� Copy/Pasting a Range: Ranges of components can be copied and pasted to facilitate themodeling process. First select the range, then select Edit/Copy. The selected range is copied tothe Windows clipboard. You can now select a point in the model and paste the copiedelements to a new location. AutoPIPE will automatically assign unique point names to thecopied component set.

� Moving/Stretching: AutoPIPE allows you to easily re-position components in the model. Selectthe range, then select Edit/Move/Stretch. Input the new coordinates in the dialog. The cutlengthsof components attached to the re-positioned range will be updated automatically and allconnections will remain intact.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter we will modify the pipe properties of existing elements, and learn how tointeractively review the pressure and temperature values assigned to different parts of the model.


MODIFYING PROPERTIES

In this chapter we’ll modify some of the existing pipe properties. You willlearn how to modify the properties of an existing identifier and how to selecta range of components based on the associated Pipe ID. Later in the chapter,you will interactively review pressure and temperature loads and demonstratethe use of the Point Properties information dialog.

OVERVIEW 4-2

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER 4-2

SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER 4-3

MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE 4-4

MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS 4-5

GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS 4-7

REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES 4-10

CHAPTER REVIEW 4-14

4

MODIFYING PROPERTIESOVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In this chapter you will learn how to modify existing pipe properties. By editing the propertiesassociated with a Pipe ID, you can modify the attributes of all components associated with that ID.

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER

The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified with the Modify/Properties of PipeIdentifier command. After executing this command, simply select the desired Pipe ID then modifyvalues in the Pipe Properties dialog. The procedure is provided below.

!� Select Modify/Properties of Pipe Identifier.

"� The Pipe Identifier dialog is displayed.

#� From the Pipe Identifier field, select 12"STD, then press OK to close the dialog.

$� The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Input a new Pipe Identifier name of 10"STD. By typingin a new name, the properties of 10"STD will be used in all locations where the 12"STD pipeidentifier was previously defined.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESSELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER


8Y^d Users do not necessarily have to change the name of a pipe identifier in order to changethe properties, but it is often helpful to do so in order to remember pipe properties of agiven identifier.

%� From the Nominal Diameter field, select a new pipe size of 10.000.

&� Press OK to retain the remaining properties.

SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER

In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or byusing the [Shift] and [Ctrl] keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you'll learnhow to create a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.

!� Select Select/Pipe Property Points.

"� The Select Pipe Property Points dialog is displayed.

#� From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD53, then press OK to close the dialog.

>_dU In this example a Pipe ID was specified to create the selection set. However, note thatoptions are available for creating a selection set based on Diameter, Schedule, WallThickness or Pipe Material. The ability to select components based on pipe propertiesallows the user to quickly implement design changes.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESMODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE


Segments B, C, and D are allhighlighted because theyshare the 8”STD53 PipeIdentifier that was specified tocreate the selection set.

MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE

Now that you have created a selection set, we can modify the pipe properties of every componentin the range.

!� Select Modify/Pipe Properties Over Range.

"� The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESMODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS


#� From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD. An alert dialog is immediately displayed. Byspecifying an existing Pipe ID, you are telling AutoPIPE that you want to replace theproperties of the selection set with those defined in the 8”STD Pipe Identifier. Press OK toclose the dialog and apply the changes.

$� A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press No to accept the default updating of allowables.

MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS

In previous exercises you modified the pipe properties of selected components. In this section youwill learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads.

!� Manually create a selection set from A00 to A05. Pick point A00, hold down the [Shift] key, andthen select point A05. The range is highlighted as shown in the following figure.

To highlight this range, firstselect the anchor at point A00,hold down the [Shift] key, then

select point A05.

"� Select Modify/Pressure & Temperature.

#� The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESMODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS


$� Click in the Case 2/Pressure field to highlight the 350 value. Modify this value by inputting 370(psi).

%� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

&� A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure ratingof the valve and flange may need to be updated).

MODIFYING PROPERTIESGRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS


GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS

Now that you've modified the Case 2 pressure value along the A00 to A05 range, let's graphicallyreview the existing temperature and pressure loads.

!� Select View/Show/Pressure. The Show Pressure dialog comes up. Select operating loadcase 1and press OK.

A color-coded representation of the model is displayed. Note the legend that appears in theleft margin of the drawing area. Two P1 load cases are defined as shown in the followingfigure:

"� Now let’s take a look at Pressure Case P2. Select View/Show/Pressure again to review thesecond set of pressure cases. The Show Pressure dialog comes up. Select operating loadcase 2and press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.



#� When a keyboard shortcut is available, it is displayed next to the associated menu command.For example, the shortcut for the View/Show/Temperature command is [Ctrl] + T.

$� Press [Ctrl] + T now to view the T1 loads defined in the model. The show temperature dialogwill come up. Select the defaults, (All) for operating loadcase and (All) for temperature value asshown in the following figure:



This will allow you to scroll to other temperature cases by repeating [Ctrl] + T

When you press OK, the temperature case 1 will be shown as follows:

%� Press [Ctrl] + T again to review T2.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESREVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES


REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES

In the previous section we reviewed ways to view the model’s pressure and temperature loadvalues. In this section, you will learn how to view information about a specific point in the model.An information dialog may be opened which displays properties, loads, and coordinates for aselected point. You can toggle through the points while leaving the information window open.

!� Select View/Point Properties.

8Y^d To quickly access the Point Properties window, press [F3] on the keyboard.

"� The Point Properties information window appears as shown in the following figure.

#� The Point Properties information dialog can be left open while working with a model toprovide continuous feedback on the selected point. This dialog can also move outside the mainapplication window (provided the AutoPIPE application is not maximized to full windowsize). Place the cursor in the title bar of the dialog, then press and hold the mouse button and“drag” it outside the main modeling area as shown in the following figure. We’re going toleave this window open to view additional point information.



$� Pick point A08 to display its point properties

%� Pick point A01N to display its point properties



>_dU The TIP of the bend is A01. Bends also have two other points defined for the near (N)and far (F) sides of the bend. Thus, A01 N is the near point of the bend on the sideclosest to the anchor at point A00.

&� In addition to picking points in the model for review, you can also use the cursor keys to movefrom point to point. The information dialog will update as the cursor advances to each newpoint. For example, press the left arrow to review the data associated with point A00.

'� Press the right arrow cursor key several times and note how the information dialog is updatedfor each of the points.



(� You can also use the keyboard to “jump” the cursor to a different segment. Press [Page Up]and note that the starting point of Segment B, A07, is now highlighted. The left and right arrowkeys can now be used to review the properties of points along Segment B.

)� Press [F3] to close the information dialog.

! � Select File/Save to save the model.

MODIFYING PROPERTIESCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

� Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier: Use the Modify/Pipe ID command to modify the propertiesof an existing pipe identifier. A dialog is presented from which you can select one of the pre-defined IDs. After selecting the ID, AutoPIPE will recall the associated Pipe Propertiesdialog. Modify values inside this dialog, then press OK to close the dialog and update theproperties of all components assigned to this ID.

� Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier: The Select/Pipe Property Points command allows you tocreate a selection set of components assigned to a particular Pipe ID. After the command isexecuted, select the desired ID from the dialog, and then press OK. All components assigned tothat ID are highlighted.

� Modifying Pipe Properties Across Range: Pipe properties can be modified across a selectedrange. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute theModify/Pipe Properties over Range command.

� Graphically Reviewing Loads: The View/Show commands allow you to interactively reviewvarious load information in your model. A legend will appear to the left of the main modelingarea, and a color-coded plot of the loads is produced.

� Reviewing Point Properties: A Point Properties information dialog may be displayed byselecting View/Point Properties. A floating information window opens to display informationabout the selected (active) point. You can view other point information by selecting a newpoint with the keyboard or by using the cursor keys to scroll through the points on a selectedsegment. To “jump” between segments, use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter we’ll assign loads to the model, run an analysis, and interactively review theresults. You will then modify the design to satisfy code compliance, and re-run the analysis toconfirm the final design is in range.


LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS

In this chapter you will assign various loads to the system. After the loads aredefined, we’ll run a static analysis and review the results. You will learn howto graphically review code stress and user load combinations results. At theend of the chapter we’ll implement a design change to satisfy codecompliance requirements.

OVERVIEW 5-2

ASSIGNING LOADS 5-2

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS 5-6

GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES 5-8

DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS 5-10

USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS 5-11

MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS 5-12

INTERACTIVE REVIEW 5-15

DESIGN CHANGE 5-18

CHAPTER REVIEW 5-21

5

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSOVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE provides powerful analysis tools to help you analyze the effects of different loads onyour system. Analysis is a three-step process: First, you must assign the loads in your system.Secondly, you must perform the analysis and specify which loads are to be considered during theanalysis. The third step is to review the results in order to determine compliance. This chaptercovers all three steps in the stress analysis process, as well as the process of revising the modelafter the analysis in order to satisfy code compliance.

ASSIGNING LOADS

A variety of different loads can be specified in a model. This section demonstrates how to insertconcentrated, thermal, and earthquake loads.

DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD

In this section we'll add a concentrated force at bend point A02 N.

!� Using the techniques described in previous chapters, create the zoom window shown below.Use View/Show/Reset to disable showing temperature plot.

PT1

PT2

"� After the zoom area is defined, press the Windowed Zoom icon. The model appears as shownin the following figure.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSASSIGNING LOADS


#� The Concentrated Force icon is located in the Component toolbar to the right of the modelingarea. Position the cursor over this icon, hold down the mouse button, then “drag” it over topoint A02 N. Finally, release the mouse button and "drop" it to assign the load to that point.

“Drag” this iconand “drop” it onpoint A02 N

>_dU The use of the "drag and drop" technique is not compulsory. You could just as easilyhave selected A02 N to make it the active point, then selected Insert Insert/Xtradata/Concentrated Force; or simply clicked once on the icon.

$� The Concentrated Force dialog is displayed.



%� We must associate the concentrated load with a load case. In this example, we will assume theload to be an occasional load (i.e., from a relief valve opening) so that AutoPIPE willautomatically combine it properly for piping code stress calculations. Select U1 from the Loadcase to combine with field.

&� Input - 250 lb. in the Z Forces field.

'� Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A concentrated force symbol is placed atpoint A02 N to indicate that a load has been applied at that point.

(� Select View/All to view the extents of the model as shown below.

Concentrated Forcesymbol



ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS

!� Double click the Anchor at point A00 to modify it.

>_dU In most cases, simply double-click any component to open its associated modificationdialog. Another method would be to select the component, then select the associatedcommand from the Modify menu.

"� We will assume that the anchor at A00 represents a connection to a vessel that experiencesthermal growth. Instead of building the entire vessel using pipe elements, we will specifythermal displacements for each thermal load case in the Anchor dialog. Input the followingvalues in the Thermal Anchor Movement section of the dialog:

T1 DY - 0.1 (inches)

T2 DY 0.6 (inches)

T2 RZ 2 (degrees rotation)

>_dU Imposed displacements associated with load cases other than thermal can be input usingthe Insert/Xtra Data/Imposed Support Displacement command. This feature enablesthe user to simulate anchor and support displacements for equipment settlement ordisplacement due to wind, seismic, or fluid transient loads.

#� Press OK to close the dialog and apply the loads.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSPERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS


ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS

!� Select Load/Static Earthquake.

"� The Static Earthquake dialog is displayed.

#� Since we do not know what direction the earthquake may come from, it is generally acceptedpractice to analyze loads coming from at least two different horizontal directions. Input 2 inthe Number of earthquake load cases field.

$� Input the following values:

Case E1 X 0.25 g

Case E2 Z 0.25 g

%� Press OK to close the dialog.

>_dU AutoPIPE also has options to analyze earthquake loads using response spectrum or timehistory dynamic analysis.

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

Now that the model contains defined loads, we can perform a static analysis on the system.

!� Select Analyze/Static.

GQb^Y^W In this instance, there is a slight difference between using the menu commandAnalyze/Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon . The icon will run the analysisusing the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog. To ensure that yoursettings match those required by this tutorial, select Analyze/Static from the menu ratherthan using the toolbar icon.

"� The Static Load Cases dialog is displayed.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSPERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS


#� Enable Earthquake cases E1 and E2.

>_dU Throughout this tutorial, the term "enable" is used to denote instances where you shouldplace a check mark in an option field. "Enabled" fields contain a checkmark, while"disabled" fields have no check mark.

$� Enable User load case U1. Enabling this field will allow us to analyze the concentrated load U1,which you previously defined at point A02 N.

%� Ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option is enabled. Since gaps and friction values were inputfor the guide support, AutoPIPE must run a nonlinear analysis. If this option is disabled, theNonlinear Analysis dialog (see Step 7) will not be displayed.

&� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

'� The Nonlinear Analysis dialog is displayed.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES


(� Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.

)� A Static Analysis progress dialog is displayed (times vary depending on the processing speedof your system). After the analysis is complete, press OK to close the status dialog.

GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES

AutoPIPE provides a number of options for reviewing code stresses. The most commonly usedoption is the default stress ratio comparing the calculated stress to the stress allowable.

!� Select Result/Code Compliance.

"� The Code Stresses dialog is displayed.

#� Press OK to accept the defaults.

$� A color-coded plot of stress ratios between piping points is displayed. A legend appears to theleft of the model area, making it easy to quickly identify ranges of values along a pipingsystem. As with the other interactive options in the Result menu, the crosshairs can also bepositioned at any point to calculate the code stress data associated with an individual point.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES


8Y^d Drag the information dialog to the side of the modeling area. Doing so will allow you toview both the model and the data associated with selected points.

%� Toolbar buttons are available for navigating from the least stressed to the most stressed points.The controls are shown below. Experiment with these buttons and note how the informationdialog is updated with the new point information.

Previous StressedLeast Stressed

Next Stressed Most Stressed

&� In addition to the VCR-type controls shown above, you can also pick on a point to display itsassociated stress data. Pick point C01 N (the near point of the bend on Segment C). Theinformation dialog is updated.

'� Press Cancel to close the information dialog and complete the stress review.

(� Select File/Save.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSDISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS


DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS

In this section we'll review the load combinations that were defined in the previous chapter.

!� Select Tools/Display Combinations.

"� The information dialog is re-displayed, this time containing point information related to loadsand load combinations.

#� As you can see, AutoPIPE has automatically combined loads for calculation of piping codestresses. The Other category is for operating combinations to analyze nozzle loads, supportloads, deflections, etc. The default is for the user to combine these loads manually sincedifferent users have different requirements. AutoPIPE provides an option to automaticallycombine Other loads under Tools/Model options/Results command.

>_dU The “Other” combination sets, also known as user-defined non-code combinations, arethe focus of the next section.

$� Press OK to close the dialog.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSUSER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS


USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS

!� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

"� The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed. Input GR+T1+E1 in theCombination name field (be sure the input does not contain spaces between characters).

8Y^d The combination name is not specific, and you can input any identifier you wish.However, you should choose a meaningful name since the combination name in this fieldis how the combination will be listed in the output reports.

#� Select 1 Sum from the Combination method field.

$� Select the following to create an operating load combination to consider Gravity (dead weight)combined with thermal and earthquake loads:

(first) Case/Comb: GR

(second) Case/Comb: T1

(third) Case/Comb: E1

%� Note the Factor area of the dialog. In some cases, the structural department may require thatpiping loads be factored before they can be used as part of the structural analysis. This areapermits load factoring while defining user-defined combinations. [Tab] once to the Factor fieldadjacent to the E1 Case/Comb, then enter 1.4.

8Y^d Another application for the load factor may be to consider the earthquake load comingfrom the opposite direction. Entering a negative value can do this.

&� After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK button to accept the values.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSMORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS


MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS

In this section we will define several additional user-defined non-code combinations to be includedin the output results. Each combination is specified in the User Non-Code Combinations dialog.

!� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

"� The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

#� Input the following:

Combination Name GR+T1

Combination Method 1 Sum

Case/Comb (1) GR Factor 1.0

Case/Comb (2) T1 Factor 1.0

$� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

%� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

&� The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.



'� Input the following:

Combination Name GR+T2




(� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

)� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

! � The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

!!� Input the following:

Combination Name GR+T1+E2




Case/Comb (3) E2 Factor 1.4

!"� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

!#� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

!$� The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.



!%� Input the following:






!&� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

!'� Select Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code.

!(� The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

!)� Enter the following:






LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSINTERACTIVE REVIEW


" � When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

"!� Now that the user-defined non-code combinations are defined, let’s re-open the Non-CodeCombinations dialog and confirm the set. Select Tools/Display Combinations.

""� The Combinations dialog is displayed. Confirm that your dialog contains the same set ofcombinations as shown in the dialog below.

The user-definednon-codecombinations arelisted here.

"#� Press OK to close this dialog.

INTERACTIVE REVIEW

Now that we have a number of user-defined loads in the model, we can view the results for varyingcode combinations. As already demonstrated, AutoPIPE allows you to view information about anypoint in the drawing. This ability also applies to viewing displacement, forces & moments, andother types of results.

!� A Single Line view of the model is ideal for viewing point related information. SelectView/Single Line. The model appears as shown below.



"� Select Result/Displacement.

#� The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed.

$� Select GR+T2 from the Load Combination field, and then press OK to accept the remainingdefaults. A deflected shape plot of the model is displayed as shown below.

The red line is a scaledrepresentation of thedeflections. This line can beused to illustrate points ofconcern in the design.

%� Pick point A01 N to review actual deflections at that point.

&� Move the displacement dialog to the side of the modeling area so that you can see both thepoint information and the model. Press the [Pg Up] key several times to scroll throughdisplacement results from different loads and load combinations. Note the level of informationavailable in the dialog.

>_dU The toolbar buttons that look like “VCR” controls can also be used to navigate throughthe load combinations. These buttons can be used to see deflected shapes of other loadsprior to clicking on a point. Once the Point A01N is selected, these keys emulate thePage Up and Page Down keys.

'� Select Result/Force & Moment.



(� The information window now displays Forces and Moments information about the selectedpoint.

)� Pick point A00 to view the forces and moments at that anchor point.

8Y^d As with the Displacement results, you can use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys (or thetoolbar equivalents) to scroll through the different load combinations. Use of theinteractive review options can often be a more efficient way of reviewing output results ascompared to searching for data in batch reports.

! � Press the Cancel button to terminate the Forces and Moments review.

!!� Select File/Save.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSDESIGN CHANGE


DESIGN CHANGE

Having already reviewed stresses, deflections, and loads, we will now iterate through a designchange. AutoPIPE facilitates this process by helping you to quickly re-run an analysis to determinewhether a design change produced the desired effect.

!� Pick point A01 N.

"� Select Insert/Support.

#� Select Guide from the Support type field.

$� Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. The Guide is placed in the model asshown in the following figure.

A guide is placedat A01 N

%� Select View/Solid Model to display a 3D representation of the model.



&� After adding the new component, we have to re-run the static analysis; otherwise, the results(based on the addition of the guide support) will not reflect the properties of the designchange. Select the Static Analysis button on the toolbar.

8Y^d As mentioned previously, the Static Analysis toolbar button runs a static analysis usingthe last set of options defined in the dialog. Use the toolbar button when re-running ananalysis. Use the menu command to define new analysis criteria.

'� Select Result/Code Compliance to check the piping code stress results.

(� Press OK to accept the defaults and review the stress ratios. A color-coded stress plot of themodel is displayed. Note that the red areas help you to quickly determine where the system isstill overstressed.

)� Press Cancel to exit interactive stress review.

! � The Guide support did not solve the stress problem. "Undo" the design change by selectingEdit/Undo. The Guide is removed from the model.

!!� We will now try another design change in which we add length to the first elbow in order toadd flexibility. Pick point A01 to make it active.



!"� Select Modify/Bend, or double-click on point A01.

!#� In the Length field, enter 14 feet.

!$� Enable the Apply offsets to all following points field. Note that the DZ value is updated.

!%� Press OK to close the dialog. The model is redrawn as shown in the following figure.

The length of this runwas extended.

!&� Let's see if the new design change helps to alleviate the points of high stress in the system.Press the Static Analysis toolbar button to re-analyze the system.

!'� Select Result/Code Compliance.

!(� The Code Stresses dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults. The stress plot of thesystem is shown below. Move the information dialog to the right and review the new results.Note that the model no longer exceeds code stress allowables. The maximum stress ratio isnow 0.92 at A01 N+ (inside the bend) and thus there are no longer any red areas in the model.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSCHAPTER REVIEW


!)� Press the Cancel button to exit the interactive stress review.

" � Select File/Save.

CHAPTER REVIEW

� Assigning Loads: There are different methods for assigning loads depending on whether theload is being assigned to a point or to an entire system. For example, in this chapter youlearned how to assign a Concentrated Force to a specific point in the model using theLoads/Concentrated Force command. A thermal load was also applied to an anchor point byinputting the load value inside the Anchor dialog. An earthquake load was assigned to theentire system by selecting Loads/Static Earthquake. From the dialog, you may define the numberof earthquake load cases and input values as multiples of gravity.

� Performing a Static Analysis: The Static Analysis command analyzes the effects of differentloads on your system. A dialog is presented in which you may select which loads to include inthe analysis. Obviously, loads must be defined in the model before they can be analyzed. Toinclude a non-linear analysis, ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Yielding option has been enabled inthe Static Load Cases dialog. To re-run a static analysis with the previous set of load options,use the Static Analysis toolbar button. To run an analysis with new options, use theAnalyze/Static menu command.

� Graphical Review of Code Stresses: After loads have been assigned and a static analysisperformed, you can review the results of code stresses. Many of these commands are availablein the Result menu. For example, select Result/Code Compliance to produce a color-coded plotof stresses in the model. A legend will appear to the left of the modeling area to help you toquickly identify areas of concern in the system.

LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSCHAPTER REVIEW


� Displaying Load Combinations: The Tools/Display Combinations command helps you to identifythe loads that have been defined in the system. Of particular note in this dialog is the “Other”column, which lists user-defined non-code combinations. By default, AutoPIPE will assumethat you want to define these combination sets manually, as different users and systems havedifferent requirements.

� User Defined Load Combinations: Use the Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code commandto input “Other” combination sets. A dialog allows you to name the code for identification inreports, and to assign multiple Case/Combinations and associated Factors.

� Interactive Review: A variety of graphical and point information is available for reviewingcode results. A deflected shape plot of the model can be produced with the Result/Displacementcommand. The Result/Force & Moment command helps to review the Forces and Moments loadsassociated with a selected point.

� Design Changes: Use the Result/Code Compliance command to check the piping code stressresults. AutoPIPE will highlight high stress areas in red that may be out of range. You canthen make a design change, re-run the Static Analysis command, and confirm the results usingthe Result/Code Compliance command again. This technique allows you to quickly confirm thesuccess/failure of a design change implemented to satisfy code compliance requirements.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter we will generate output reports from the model. After the report is generated,we will spend some time examining specific sections of the report in detail.


OUTPUT REPORTS

In this chapter you will generate a report on the model constructed in theprevious chapters. Reports can be opened, generated and viewed from withinAutoPIPE, or directed to a printer. In this example, we will specify the loadsto be included, and then review individual sections of the output results.

OVERVIEW 6-2

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS 6-2

GENERATING THE REPORT 6-3

REVIEWING THE REPORT 6-4

CLOSING THE REPORT 6-4

CHAPTER REVIEW 6-4

6

OUTPUT REPORTSOVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In this chapter you will learn how to output an AutoPIPE report. We’ll review how to limit the typeof information provided on these reports, and briefly discuss individual sections.

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS

In order to minimize the size of the batch output report, AutoPIPE provides options to select whichloads and load combinations are to be included.

!� Select Tools/Non-Code Combinations/Select.

"� The Select Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

Disable theseoptions.

#� Note that by default all of the combinations are enabled. For this tutorial report, disable thefollowing individual load cases: T1, T2, E1, E2, and U1.

$� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

OUTPUT REPORTSGENERATING THE REPORT


GENERATING THE REPORT

!� Now let's generate the report based on the new options. Select Result/Output Report.

GQb^Y^W The Result/Output Report menu command and its associated toolbar command do notbehave identically. As with the Static Analysis option, the toolbar command will run thecommand based on the most recent settings, bypassing the dialog. The menu commandwill display a dialog in which various report parameters may be set.

"� The Batch Report dialog is displayed.

#� Disable the Displacement, Support, and Force and Moments options.

8Y^d AutoPIPE provides options to graphically select the points to be included in the outputreport, and options to filter output results based on user-specified criteria. Refer toChapter 10 for more information on Result Filters.

$� Press OK to generate the report.

OUTPUT REPORTSREVIEWING THE REPORT


REVIEWING THE REPORT

The report opens in a separate window. Press the button to maximize the report window. Usethe scroll bars to the right of the main text area to review each section of the report.

Notice that the report is divided into sections. Scroll to the Restraint Reactions, Code Compliance, andSystem Summary sub-reports. Note that AutoPIPE conveniently summarizes all load cases and loadcombinations at each point, saving the user from having to search, case by case, for the highestloads at a given point.

CLOSING THE REPORT

!� Press the "close" button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the report.

8Y^d You can easily print this report from either the viewing window or the main AutoPIPEPrint dialog by selecting "Printer" as the output type.

"� Select File/Save.

CHAPTER REVIEW

This completes the first AutoPIPE tutorial. In this chapter you learned how to generate and reviewan output report.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter you will begin the second of the two tutorial models. The second tutorialdemonstrates how to import models and systems, how to copy multiple instances of a system into amodel, and reviews additional modeling techniques.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPETUTORIAL MODEL

The second tutorial begins by importing an existing AutoPLANT CADmodel in PXF format into AutoPIPE. After the model is imported, newcomponents are added and the model is saved in AutoPIPE. The exercisesalso cover the insertion of multiple copies of a frame model in order toconstruct a pipe rack/vessel/piping interaction. The Result Filter options arealso discussed. Even if you do not use the AutoPLANT plant design CADsystem, this tutorial covers a number of important AutoPIPE features andcapabilities. While the second tutorial does not assume you have completedPart I of this manual, it is assumed that you are familiar with some of theterms and concepts introduced previously.

CHAPTER 7: CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS

CHAPTER 8: VIEWING OPTIONS

CHAPTER 9: CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL

CHAPTER 10: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

II

CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODEL

AutoPIPE® Tutorial


CREATING AND CONNECTINGSEGMENTS

In this Chapter you will begin the second tutorial. An AutoPLANT PXF filewill be imported into AutoPIPE for use in stress analysis. After the model isimported, we’ll connect a new segment and add a vessel to the system.

IMPORTING A PXF FILE 7-2

REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA 7-5

CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE 7-7

NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY 7-8

CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT 7-9

CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT 7-13

CHAPTER REVIEW 7-15

7

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSIMPORTING A PXF FILE


IMPORTING A PXF FILE

In this section you will learn how to import a model saved in the PXF file format into AutoPIPE.The procedure involves specifying the file type from the Open dialog, defining initial systemvalues and the piping code, then saving the model. Each of these steps is described below.

>_dU The model used in this exercise was created using Bentley' AutoPLANT PIPINGapplication. The model was exported from PIPING using the Import/Export function, andsaved in the PXF file format.

� TO OPEN/CONVERT A PXF FILE

!� Select File/Open/AutoPLANT (*.pxf) to display the dialog shown below.

>_dU AutoPIPE can open files from a number of different plant design CAD packages on themarket. For this tutorial we are using a Bentley AutoPLANT 97 model, but the sameprinciple applies to importing other file types.

"� Double-click on the TUTOR2.PXF file.

#� The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. From thisdialog you can name the system for use in reports, enter designer initials, etc. First let’s namethe model for identification in reports. Type Second Tutorial in the Project ID field, then enteryour initials in the Prepared by field. Of particular note on this dialog is the Piping Code, asthis field can determine which options are available in other areas of the system. [Tab] twice tothe Piping Code and select B31.1 from the list. Note that once a Piping Code is specified, theremaining fields in the dialog are updated to reflect the defaults for that code. [Tab] three timesto the Vertical axis direction and select Y-axis from the list. When the dialog appears as shown inthe following figure, press the OK button to close the dialog.



$� The Import AutoPLANT dialog is displayed. From this location you specify the temperatureand pressure loads of the imported system. Enter 300 in the Pressure field, 450 in theTemperature field, then press OK.

One note and one warning message appear when you click Yes to display the errors and warningsmessages. The note shows the assumed PXF import options which can be edited in theCADAP.MAP file. The warning message indicates that the file linelist.txt, which containsoperating data for every line number, is missing. In this case AutoPIPE uses the operating dataentered above for the whole model.



Press the close button (the X in the control menu at the upper-right corner of the window) to closethe Errors and Warnings window. The imported model now appears within the AutoPIPEmodeling window (as shown below), and you can now perform stress analysis on the system. Youcan also add components and modify the model as described in the remaining sections of thischapter.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSREVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA


REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA

In this section you will review the imported AutoPLANT data. AutoPIPE has several tools toperform this review. These commands are as follows:

!� Select/Line number will highlight the line number for editing.

"� View/AutoPLANT PXF Data shows the AutoPLANT data related to the current point.

#� View/Point Properties (also F3) displays the line number at the current point and distance fromthe previous point. It will also show pipe properties, material properties and operatingtemperature and pressure data. You can use the left and right arrow keys to traverse throughthe model.

$� Tools/Model Input Listing will show model data in addition to AutoPLANT specific data, suchas line number and supports mark and tag numbers

%� Result/Output report will show the analysis results including line numbers and support markand tag numbers.

&� View/Show/Pipe Properties/(All) will show a color-coded display of all pipe identifiers.

The first two commands are only applicable to imported AutoPLANT PXF models and will bediscussed below:

� TO SELECT LINE NUMBER L100

Use Select/Line number and then select L100 from the dropdown list as shown.

Press OK and notice how segment A (L100) is highlighted in red. This is useful for updating datapertinent to the line such as pressure/temperature data or pipe material properties.

� TO VIEW AUTOPLANT VALVE DATA

Click on point A04 (far point of the valve) and then select View/AutoPLANT PXF Data. Thefollowing window will show valve data in addition to data of attached components such as gasketsand bolts.

This PXF data is very useful for verifying component size, type, weight, and insulation andmaterial properties. The pipe insulation is not imported and need to be set in AutoPIPE. Pipematerial is often not set properly during import, due to limited mapping options in CADAP.MAP.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSREVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA


For easier comparison of coordinates data, it is recommended that vertical axis be set as Z duringimport and the origin shift flag in CADAP.MAP be set to ‘N’. Press the close button (the X in theupper-right corner of the window) to close the PXF Data window.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE


CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE

In this section you will build a branch from point A07 along the X-axis and connect this branch toa vertical vessel. Before doing so, however, you must convert the run point at A07 on the model toa tee so that we can begin routing components off this point.

� TO CONVERT A RUN POINT TO A TEE

!� Click on point A07 in the model. Note that A07 appears in the “Active Point” area of the statusbar to indicate that it is selected.

"� Select Modify/Convert Point to/Tee.

#� AutoPIPE displays the tee with arrows to indicate the direction of each of the legs and thebranch. Note that the leg for the branch points in an arbitrary direction. Click the arrowheadat point A07 (refer to the graphic below) which allows the branch to extend perpendicular tothe header (in the +X direction).

>_dU The arrowhead does not indicate the direction of the run you will be inserting, only theplane on which the branch is oriented. In the next step we will insert a run point that willextend in the +X direction; thus, the branch will be placed on the opposite side of the piperun shown above.

$� After the selected arrowhead is highlighted, you can build the branch pipe from point A07.Select the Insert/Run. The Run Point dialog is displayed. We will now define a run to thenozzle/vessel connection point so that the local flexibilities at the nozzle/vessel connection canbe specified.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSNOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY


%� Input 32 (feet) in the DX-offset field, then press the OK button to close the dialog.

NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY

To add the nozzle flexibility, the procedure is to create a nozzle flexibility element with a lengthequivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel.

� TO DEFINE NOZZLE FLEXIBILITY

!� Select Insert/Nozzle.

"� Now you must input information about the vessel so that AutoPIPE can automatically computethe nozzle/vessel connection flexibilities. The dialog allows you to define the properties of the

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT


vessel used in computing these flexibilities. Generally, the thickness of the vessel wall isentered as the nozzle length for local flexibility of the nozzle/vessel connection. Enter a nozzleLength of 0.5" (note the use of the inch symbol), a Vessel Radius of 2, and a Thickness of 0.5.

#� The flexibility method we will be using for this tutorial is the Welding Research CouncilBulletin 297 Nozzle Flexibility Method. From the Flexibility Method list, select WRC 297. Oncethe Flexibility Method is specified, the dialog provides the additional fields shown above.

$� Specify the distance from the nozzle to the closest stiffening ring, or end of the vessel, in eachvessel axis direction. Input the following values:

L1: 2

L2: 8

%� Place the cursor in the Direction of vessel axis field. Note that the Nozzle stiffnesses have beenautomatically computed based on the values we entered in previous steps. From the Direction ofvessel axis field, choose the Global Y option.

&� Press OK to close the dialog.

'� Before continuing you should save your work up to this point. Select File/Save.

CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT

In the second part we’ll build a pressure vessel by defining it as a new segment of pipedisconnected from the current piping.

!� Select Insert/Segment to open the dialog shown below.

"� When inserting a new segment, AutoPIPE assumes you want the first point to be the currentactive point (in this case: B02). In order to create a new disconnected point in space, we mustoverride the Name of first point from B02 to C00, which is a point name not previously defined.[Tab] once to the Name of first point field and enter the name C00. [Tab] again to the Offset fromwhich point field and enter the name B02. The default is to offset from the origin (0,0,0).

#� We will start the segment at the base of the vessel and input X,Y,Z offsets of the new segmentfrom the point B01. We are inputting coordinates offsets to the base of the vessel. [Tab] to theDX offset and enter 2 feet.

$� In the DY offset field, enter - 8.



%� [Tab] twice to the Pipe data identifier field and type vessel. The pressure vessel will be modeledas a large diameter pipe with a new Pipe identifier name and different properties from thecurrent 6XSTD. By typing in a new Pipe data identifier name, AutoPIPE will automaticallydisplay the Pipe Properties dialog so that we can assign properties to the vessel.

&� Press OK to close the dialog. The Pipe Properties dialog is automatically displayed. We willdefine the vessel as having non-standard nominal diameter, with an actual O.D. of 48 inchesand a ½” wall thickness.

'� From the Nominal diameter selection list, choose the NS option.

(� [Tab] once to the Actual O.D. field and enter 48 inches.

)� Input 0.5 inches in the Wall thickness field.

! � From the Pipe Material selection list, choose the CS option. A warning message will bedisplayed to indicate that CS is a generic material with no allowable stresses defined. Press OKto close the message.

!!� Replace the default cold allowable stress of 12000 psi. Highlight this value, and then input50000 in the Cold allowable (ambient allowable) field. Press OK to close the dialog.

!"� The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.



!#� Input 40000 in the Hot allow field. Press OK to close the dialog.

!$� Select Insert/Anchor to display the Anchor dialog shown below. This step allows us to anchorthe base of the vessel.

!%� Click the OK button to accept defaults for the anchor

!&� We will now build the vertical vessel using our newly defined large diameter Vessel pipeidentifier. Select Insert/Run to display the Run Point dialog shown in the following figure.



!'� We now define the critical points of the vessel. Since we will later connect a nozzle to thisvessel, we need to create a point at the same elevation where the nozzle will be placed. In theDY offset field, enter 8 feet.

!(� Press OK to close the dialog.

!)� We will now input a run point to define the top of the vessel. It is not always necessary tospecify offsets. Since AutoPIPE keeps track of the segment direction, we need to enter onlythe length to the top of the vessel. Select Insert/Run again. When the dialog appears, input avalue of 2 feet in the Length field.

" � Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT


CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

All that remains to complete the vessel is to connect the nozzle with the vessel using a weightlessrigid element. This is done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads istransferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

� TO CONNECT TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

!� We will now connect B02 to the vessel centerline at point C01. Pick point B02. Ensure that B02is listed as the active point in the status area (Bottom line of the screen).

"� The next step is to join B02 to C01 using a tee element. Select Insert/Tee to display the Teedialog. (Note you can also use Insert/Run).

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT


#� By default AutoPIPE assumes that the tee point will be a new point. To connect point B02 toC01 we must override the Name of point field and enter C01. When an existing point isspecified, AutoPIPE automatically connects the two segments. Input C01 in the Name of pointfield.

$� [Tab] once and you will notice that most fields are grayed out because we are connecting to anexisting point. [Tab] once more to the Type of tee field, set the Type of tee to Unreinfor. Whenthe dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog.

%� Since the pipe connecting the nozzle to the center of the pipe is not real, it is best that we set itto have rigid properties. Select the pipe joining B02 to C01 by clicking at the middle of thispipe section to highlight it in red.

&� Select Insert/Rigid Options Over Range to convert this pipe into a rigid pipe

'� Select the default options as shown above to ignore the weight of the pipe and account forthermal expansion. Accounting for thermal expansion this way relieves you from entering thevessel thermal movements. AutoPIPE uses the material expansion associated with the pipeidentifier material. Press OK to accept the rigid options.

(� The rigid pipe section will change color to distinguish it as a rigid pipe.

)� Select File/Save to save the model and its data.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter you learned how to convert an AutoPLANT 97-generated PXF file to an AutoPIPEpiping stress model. We used this imported model as a starting point on which to attach newcomponents. Before we could do this, however, we converted a run point on the imported modelinto a tee point. After specifying the branch direction, we were able to route a new run point off thebranch and define the local flexbilities at the nozzle/vessel connection.

Finally, we created a vessel using a new, disconnected segment and defined unique pipe propertiesfor the vessel. The vessel and the piping line were then connected with a rigid element placedbetween the two segments.

Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:

� Importing a PXF File: Models are imported into AutoPIPE using the File/Open command. Fromthis dialog, users can select the file type of the model to be imported, then double-click on thefile. As part of the conversion process, the user is required to specify certain properties of thesystem such as the desired piping code and pressure and temperature conditions.

� Converting a Run Point: Points can be converted to new point types. In this chapter we selectedan existing run point in the imported model and converted it using theModify/Convert Point to/Tee command.

� Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility: To define the flexibility of the nozzle connection, we create a nozzleflexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel. This wasaccomplished using the Insert/Xtra Data/Nozzle Flexibility command.

� Creating a New Disconnected Segment: A pressure vessel was constructed by defining it as anew, disconnected segment of pipe. We modeled this vessel as a large diameter pipe. Byassigning it a new Pipe Identifier name, we were able to assign pipe properties unique to thevessel.

� Connecting Segments: In the last section of this chapter we connected the vessel to a nozzleusing a rigid element. This was done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loadsis transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter you will review some of the available viewing options.

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCHAPTER REVIEW



VIEWING OPTIONS

This chapter illustrates how to use AutoPIPE’s view controls to obtaindifferent views of your model. Options are available for viewing thecomponents as single, double, or 3D representations. You can also zoom tothe extents of the model, view a windowed area, or view along the X, Y, or Zaxis.

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW 8-2

SOLID MODEL VIEW 8-2

VECTOR VIEW 8-3

CHAPTER REVIEW 8-4

8

VIEWING OPTIONSVIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW


VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE provides a variety of viewing controls that allow you to view, pan, and zoom intoparticular areas of your model. You can also apply viewing filters to view components/systems thatmatch user-defined criteria. In this section we’ll use the viewing controls to review and verify thegeometry of the entire model.

SOLID MODEL VIEW

The Solid Model view allows you to view the model as a three-dimensional graphic. In AutoPIPE,you can toggle between single line, double-line, and 3D modes.

!� Select View/All. This command fits the extents of the model within the current viewing windowas shown below.

"� Select View/Solid Model. The model is re-displayed as a three-dimensional representation ofthe components in the system as shown in the following figure.

VIEWING OPTIONSVECTOR VIEW


VECTOR VIEW

!� To verify that our nozzle is located properly we will select a Z-axis view of the model. SelectView/Vector. The View Vector dialog is displayed as shown below.

"� From the View Direction field, select the Z view option, then press OK to close the dialog. Themodel appears as shown below. The Z view command allows you to view an elevation view ofthe model as shown below. Note that point B02 lies right at the vessel wall as desired.

#� Restore the previous view of the model by selecting View/Default. Your model appears asshown in the following figure.

VIEWING OPTIONSCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we reviewed some of the viewing capabilities of AutoPIPE.

� View/Solid Model allows you to view a three-dimensional representation of your model. InAutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, double line, and solid model views.

� Vector View: Another useful viewing command is View/Vector, which allows you to specify aviewing plane.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter, you will create a pipe rack model from frame members. After the model iscreated and saved, you will learn how to import the model and insert it at multiple points tosupport the piping system.


CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAMEMODEL

In this chapter a simple frame structure is constructed to support the pipingelements created in previous chapters. To do this, we’ll first create thestructure as a new AutoPIPE model and save it. Afterwards, we’ll re-open theprevious model and import the frame. Finally, we’ll attach the piping to theframes using supports.

FRAME OVERVIEW 9-2

CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL 9-2

ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME 9-7

VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL 9-8

INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL 9-9

CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE 9-15

CHAPTER REVIEW 9-19

9

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELFRAME OVERVIEW


FRAME OVERVIEW

The long horizontal run of pipe from A6 to B01 requires support. To accomplish this, we’ll create aportal frame. We use frames in this example to consider mass and flexibilities of the supportstructure as part of the piping analysis. Later in the chapter, we’ll import two instances of thisframe and connect them to the piping using supports.

CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL

In this section we’ll create a portal frame as a separate model so that it may be inserted in othermodels as well. In this manner, we can create libraries of support structures.

!� Select File/Save (if you haven’t already done so) to save the current state of the active model.We will be creating a new model in the next step and then connecting it to this one.

"� Select File/New to create the new AutoPIPE model. The New dialog shown below is displayed.

#� We will build the portal frame using W8x18 beams. So that it can be easily identified, let’screate a unique name for the frame to be included in a library. Enter supz8x18 as the new Filename, then press Save to create the new model file.

$� The General Model Options dialog shown in the following figure is displayed.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELCREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL


%� Input the following values, and then press OK to close the dialog.

Project ID: w8x18 portal framePrepared by: {your initials}Piping code: B31.1.

&� The Segment dialog is displayed. Normally, you would want to name and define the originpoints for the first segment in the model. However, since this model will contain only framesand no pipe segments, press Cancel to close the dialog. No starting segment will be defined.

'� Select Insert/Frame to begin creating the portal frame. The Beam dialog shown below isdisplayed.



(� AutoPIPE creates the default beam name M1. We will now define the name and position ofthe endpoints defining this beam. Input the following values:

From Point I: 1To Point J: 2Point J/ DY offset: 8 (feet)Table name: WSection ID: W8x18Material ID: A36

>_dU The Section and Material values are completed automatically based on default valuesestablished in material libraries.

)� Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A single, vertical frame member is insertedin the model.

! � We will now build the beam forming the top of the frame. In this example, we will want toplace a support in the center of the top beam, so we’ll define the horizontal portion of the piperack using two beams of equal distance. This will give us a midpoint on the beam at which toplace the support. Click on Point 2 to make it the current point and re-select Insert/Frame toopen the Beam dialog. Accept the default Beam ID (M2) and From Point I(2), then input thefollowing values to build the second frame member:

>_dU Note that the Table Name, Section ID, and Material ID automatically default to the valuesdefined for M1.



To Point J: 3Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet)

!!� Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown below.

!"� Point 3 will be the midpoint on the horizontal section of this frame. The next step is to createthe second beam to complete this horizontal section. Click on Point 3 to make it the currentpoint and select Insert/Frame to open the M3 beam dialog. Input the following values, thenpress OK when done:

To Point J: 4Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet)



!#� To complete the frame we’ll define a second vertical beam. Click on Point 4 to make it thecurrent point and select Insert/Frame to open the M4 beam dialog. Input the following values,and then press OK when done.

To Point J: 5Point J/ DY offset: - 8 (feet)

!$� The model now appears as shown below.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME


ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME

In this section anchors are added to base of the frame.

!� Pick point 1 in the model to make it the active point.

"� Select Insert/Anchor. The Anchor dialog is displayed as shown below.

#� Press OK to accept the default anchor properties.

$� Pick point 5 to make it the active point.

%� Select Insert/Anchor to re-display the Anchor dialog, then press OK to accept the defaults.Anchors are now defined at each of the bottom legs of the frame as shown in the followingfigure.

Anchors are positioned at thebottom of the frame structure.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELVIEWING THE FRAME MODEL


&� Since we know that point 3 will be the supporting location, pick point 3 to designate it as theactive point, then save the model (File/Save).

>_dU AutoPIPE automatically remembers the active point when a model is saved. By makingpoint 3 active and then saving the model, this will become the default reference pointwhen inserting the frame later in this chapter.

VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL

Now that the frame members are defined, you should visually check whether the local axis of theframe is correctly positioned in order to support a vertical load downward at point 3, and supportthe horizontal forces from the pipe in the X-axis.

!� Select View/Solid Model to display the 3D graphical representation of the model shown below.

"� Note that the beta angles are properly defined and that the strong axis of the beams is beingloaded.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELINSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL


INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL

Now that the frame is defined, you can save it as a separate AutoPIPE model and insert it at aspecified point in the piping system you created in previous chapters.

OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM

GQb^Y^W Ensure that you have properly saved the Frame model before beginning this step.

!� Select File/Open/AutoPIPE Database (*.dat) to display the Open dialog shown below.

"� Highlight the Tutor2.dat file in the list, then press Open (you can also double-click on this fileto open it directly).

#� Use View/Vector and select Iso (180 deg) for the view direction as follows:

$� The model we saved previously is rotated and displayed as shown in the following figure.



INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS

In this section we will define two equally spaced points along segment B where the supportstructures are to be placed.

!� At point A07, click the arrow for the tee lying on segment B so that the inserted run points areadded along the branch and not the header.

"� Inserting a single run point or multiple run points is performed in the Run dialog. SelectInsert/Run.



#� By default AutoPIPE inserts one point B04 at one-half the distance to B01. We will insteadhave AutoPIPE insert two equally spaced points between A07 and B01. These points willautomatically be named B04 and B05. In the Generate points field input 2 to generate two newpoints.

$� [Tab] once to leave the Generate Points field, and AutoPIPE recalculates the length to 10.67feet (which is 1/3 the distance to point B01).

%� Press OK to accept the values and close the Run Point dialog.

&� Two equally spaced points are generated along segment B as shown below.



AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING

After the new points are generated, notice that segment B is now numbered out of sequence, i.e.A07, B04, B05, and B01, B02. Fortunately, AutoPIPE provides a convenient tool for correctingthis. Select Edit/Renumber/All Points.

SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS

Hold the Ctrl key and while holding, click on points B01 and B02. The point names will behighlighted in red together with the connecting pipe.



INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL

You now have selected two points in the model (B01 and B02) where the frame structures can beinserted. In this section we will define the pipe as resting on the frame without being rigidlyconnected to the frame centerline. The connection between pipe and frame will then be definedusing a two-point support.

!� Select Insert/AutoPIPE Model.

"� When the Open dialog appears, double-click the supz8x18.dat file. The frame structure modelwe created earlier is displayed as shown below.

#� The default base point of the inserted model is set to 3. Press OK to accept the default and usepoint 3 as the reference point when placing the frame structure.

>_dU The reason point 3 is the default reference point is because it was designated as theactive point the last time the model was saved.

$� The Paste dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE assumes that we willconnect the centerlines of the frame to the pipe and thus share the same point name, i.e. framepoint 3 will be renamed B01. However, since we wish to rest the pipe on the top of the frame,disable the Connect to selected points field.



%� Once the Connect to selected points field is disabled, the offset fields become available. We cannow specify the offset distances from point B01 where the base point of the frame (point 3)will be placed. Using the Point Properties information window, these values can easily bedetermined. Input the following values:

DY: - 9” (note the use of the inch mark; distance between the pipe and frame centerlines)

&� Press OK to close the Paste dialog.

'� Another confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to this Confirm dialog. Note that the insertedframe is located properly. Later we will come back and connect this frame to the piping.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELCONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE


CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE

In this section we’ll insert 2-point supports in order to define the connection between the pipingand the structural frames. Understanding the capabilities of a 2-point support is an importantconcept when defining pipe/structure interaction since pipes may liftoff a support rack or havegaps and/or exert friction forces on the support structure.

!� Sometimes it is easier to select points that are placed close together in the model by switchingto a line mode view of the model. Select View/Single Line to obtain the view of the modelshown below.

"� Pick the two points shown in the graphic above to define the perimeter of the zoom window,then select the Windowed Zoom toolbar button shown at left. Your model view should appearsimilar to the one shown in the following figure.



#� We will now add a support at B02. First, pick point B02 to make it the active point.

$� Select Insert/Support.

%� The Support dialog is displayed as shown below. A U-bolt will attach the pipe to the frame.The U-bolt will have gaps of .25 inch to the left and right of the pipe. Since the pipe is sittingon the frame we will also model the friction between the pipe and frame. Since the U-boltsupports perpendicular directions to the pipe, we use AutoPIPE's Guide support. Select Guidefrom the Support Type field.



>_dU Note that additional fields are presented once you enter Guide as the Support Type andthe cursor advances to the next field. AutoPIPE makes frequent use of these “filtered”dialogs to request only the information pertinent to the type of component that you haveselected.

&� By default the guide is connected to the ground. We instead wish to connect the guide to thecenter of the top beam of the support structure at point 1008. Input 1008 in the Connected tofield. This is the frame point just below piping point B02.

'� In the Gap left and Gap right fields, input a value of 0.25 (inches). This will specify the gap onboth the left and right sides to allow for movement of the pipe between the U-bolt.

(� Input a Friction coefficient of 0.4 to consider pipe friction on the support frame.

)� Press OK to close the dialog.

! � We will add an identical support at B01. Pick point B01 to make it active, then selectInsert/Support to re-open the Support dialog. Note that all defaults are correct and the onlyrequired input is to specify a new Connected to point of 1003. When the dialog appears asshown below, press OK to define the second support.

!!� Both supports have been added to connect the frame to the piping as shown in the graphicbelow.



!"� Let’s complete this section by zooming to the extents of the model and restoring the 3D view.Select View/All, then View/Solid Model. The model appears as shown below.

!#� Select File/Save to save the model.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter you learned how to create a frame structure and import two instances of it into thepiping model. Points were generated along the piping line and a frame was inserted at these points.Finally, the frames were connected to the piping system using Guide supports.

Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter.

� Constructing a Frame: Use the Insert/Frame command to define beams in a model. The Beamdialog allows you to specify the Table Name (i.e., W), Section ID (i.e., W8X18), and MaterialID (i.e., A36) associated with a frame member. After these values are defined, subsequentinstances of the Beam dialog will default to the same values. A frame is constructed of severalbeams. The user specifies the From and To points, then inputs offset distances from theprevious point.

� Saving the Active Point: When a model is saved, AutoPIPE remembers the active point. This isuseful when inserting the model because the saved active point on the model becomes thedefault reference point for placement.

� Importing an AutoPIPE model: Models may be inserted into a current system with theInsert/AutoPIPE model command. Using this technique, you can create libraries of frequentlyused configurations for insertion into new models. Models are inserted with respect to areference point, and can either be connected to an existing point(s), or placed an offsetdistance from a selected point(s). If no points are selected, the offset is assumed from theorigin.

� Connecting Frame to Pipe: When inserting a frame, you can use the Point Propertiesinformation window to view coordinate information about a selected point. Using this info,you can specify the coordinates required to either connect to, or place a known distance from,a known point in the piping system. In this chapter, we purposefully placed the frames slightlybelow the piping line and then connected the frame to the pipe using a support.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the last chapter you will learn analyze the second tutorial model. You will assign loads, performa static analysis, review the results, and implement a design change.

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELCHAPTER REVIEW



ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

In this section we’ll perform a non-linear analysis on the second tutorialmodel. We’ll also review displacement results and apply a filter to analyzethe load cases and combinations.

CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW 10-2

DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS 10-2

PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS 10-3

INTERACTIVE RESULTS REVIEW 10-5

APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA 10-6

SELECTING COMBINATIONS 10-7

ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE 10-9

REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS 10-11

CHAPTER REVIEW 10-12

10

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSCODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW


CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE allows you to automatically create operating load combinations. These operatingcombinations are referred to as "Non-code" since they will not be used for calculation of pipingcode stresses - only for calculation of deflections and loads.

DEFINING RESULT MODEL OPTIONS

By default, AutoPIPE automatically performs the load combinations required for calculation ofpiping code stresses. However, since users have a variety of preferences in creating operating loadcombinations, the AutoPIPE default is not to combine these non-code (operating) loadsautomatically. Instead of creating non-code combinations manually, we will use AutoPIPE'sdefault load combinations.

!� Select Tools/Model Options/Result.

"� The Result Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

#� Enable the Add def.Noncode comb field to utilize AutoPIPE’s default load combinations. Bydefault, AutoPIPE does not combine non-code (operating loads).

$� Press OK to close the dialog. We can now perform an analysis of the model and have thedefault non-code combinations included in the results.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSPERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS


PERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS

In this section you will calculate deflections, check for equipment compliance, and verify codestress compliance of the piping system. The first step in this process is to perform a static analysis.

� TO PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS

!� Select Analyze/Static.

GQb^Y^W In this instance, there is a slight difference between using the menu command,Analyze/Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon. The icon will run the analysis usingthe last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog. To ensure that your settingsmatch those required by this tutorial, select Analyze/Static from the menu rather thanusing the toolbar icon.

"� The Static Load Cases dialog is displayed as shown below.

#� Enable the Gravity and Thermal Cases T1 options to check for these loads.

$� Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, wewill need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers thesenon-linear boundary conditions during the static analysis.

8Y^d To perform a non-linear analysis, you must always enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option inthe Static Load Cases dialog as described above.

%� Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog.

&� Since we have enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil field, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysisdialog to allow customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization isonly required if convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence isrequired.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSPERFORMING A STATIC ANALYSIS


'� Press OK to accept the default Nonlinear Analysis settings.

(� AutoPIPE reports a status summary of the time taken to perform the analysis. Note that theCancel button can be pressed at any time to discontinue the analysis.

)� Press OK from the status dialog after the analysis has completed successfully. Now that themodel has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSINTERACTIVE RESULTS REVIEW


INTERACTIVE RESULTS REVIEW

We will now interactively review displacements to see regions of large displacement, which maylead to high stresses.

!� Select Result/Displacement.

"� The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

#� We wish to review the deflected shape for the operating combination GR+T1 (Gravity plusthermal case 1). Note that this was one of the default combinations created. From the LoadCombination selection list, choose the GR+T1 option, then press OK.

$� AutoPIPE graphically displays the deflected shape for this combination as shown in thegraphic below. Note that the deflected shape is not the actual deflection, but exaggerated foridentification purposes.

%� Note the large displacements at point A07. To view the numeric values associated with thisdisplacement, pick point A07 to make it the active point. The information window detailsadditional information about the selected point.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSAPPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA


APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA

After examining the point information for A07, we note deflections exceeding our design criteria of0.8 inches at point A07. In order to identify all points meeting these criteria, we will utilizeAutoPIPE's Result filter option.

>_dU By selecting the Filter option (or any other menu option), AutoPIPE automatically closesthe displacement review windows.

!� Select Result/Filter Criteria/Displacement.

"� The Displacement Result Filter dialog is displayed as shown below.

#� By using the filter option, AutoPIPE will automatically highlight all points on the model thatsatisfy the filter condition for visual checking. Note that these points are added to the existingselection set. Furthermore, we can use this same filter condition to generate a report thatcontains only those points that meet the filter criteria. In this case, we wish to report onlydisplacements greater than .8 inches. Enable the DX, DY, and DZ fields, then enter 0.8 in thenumeric field for each of the offsets as shown in the dialog above.

$� Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. AutoPIPE automaticallyhighlights the section of the model that satisfies the filter condition.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSSELECTING COMBINATIONS


SELECTING COMBINATIONS

AutoPIPE provides an option to select which load cases and combinations will be included in anoutput report. The default is to include all load cases and combinations. We will now disable allload cases but the GR+T1 load combination in order to further minimize our output report. Ineffect, we will be generating a report that contains only those points that met the filter criteriaspecified for combination GR+T1.

!� Select Tools/Non-code Combinations/Select.

"� The Select Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPEenables all combinations. We will now disable the GR and T1 load cases in order to isolateresults only for the GR+T1 load combination. Disable the following fields by clicking in thebox adjacent to the field (ensure there is NOT a checkmark in the box next to the GR and T1fields):

Disable GRDisable T1

#� Press OK to close the dialog.

$� The next step is to generate the output report. Select Result/Output Report.

%� The Batch Report dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Accept the defaultreport file name, then make the following changes to the dialog; these changes allow you toproduce a report which includes only those points which satisfy the displacement criteriadefined previously:

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSSELECTING COMBINATIONS


Enable the Apply filter criteria field.

Enable the Displacement field.

&� When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close it. Theoutput report is displayed in a separate window.

8Y^d Like any window, the output report can be re-sized, minimized, maximized, scrolled,printed, etc. Refer to your Windows’ documentation for more information on windows andtheir properties.

'� Note that only the points which met the user-specified filter criteria (exceed .8" deflection) forcombination GR+T1 are reported. We will now close this window and return to our model.Select File/Exit to close the report window (you can also click the “X” in the upper-right cornerof the window).

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE


ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE

We will now perform a rotating equipment compliance check for an API 617 compressor attachedto inlet point A00 and outlet point A14.

>_dU During this exercise AutoPIPE automatically uses the forces and moments at the user-specified points to perform the compliance check.

!� Select Tools/Rotating Equipment. The Rotating Equipment dialog is displayed.

"� AutoPIPE allows for multiple rotating equipments to be defined including pumps,compressors, turbines, etc. Specify unique equipment ID to identify this element. In theEquipment ID field, input compr1.

#� From the Type selection list, choose Compress for an API 617 compressor. After the type isselected, the Rotating Equipment dialog is filtered to provide additional fields relatedspecifically to the equipment type (in this case, a compressor).

$� Press [Tab] to the Generate Report field. Keep this field checked to enable reporting of thisequipment in the generation of a compliance report.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE


%� Define the properties of the compressor by entering the following values in the appropriatefields:

Suction point: A00

Discharge point: A14

Shaft axis: Global X

Override Nozzle Coordinates: Unchecked

&� After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog.

'� Now that the rotating equipment is defined, we can review the results of the equipmentcompliance check. Select Result/Output Report. When the Batch Report dialog appears,DISABLE the Apply Filter Criteria and Displacement options, and ENABLE the Equipmentoption. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to generate the report.

(� The Rotating Equipment report is displayed. This report displays the loads automaticallyextracted from the analysis and equations required by the API 617 compliance. AutoPIPE’srotating equipment modules automatically extract the forces and moments from the pipinganalysis, saving the user from manually inputting loads for each load case. Note that anasterisk indicates that an API 617 allowable was exceeded.

)� After viewing the report results, close the window (File/Exit) to return to the model.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSREVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS


REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS

As a last step we will interactively review the piping code stress results.

!� Select Result/Code Compliance.

"� The Code Stresses dialog is displayed as shown below. Press OK to accept the defaults.

#� The Stresses information window is displayed. AutoPIPE displays a color-coded display ofthe stress results by stress ratio. We see that calculated stress exceeds the allowable for theCold to T1 combination by a ratio of 1.29 at point A07 (branch side). Note that this occurs inour region of large displacement as shown earlier in our deflected shape.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTSCHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we interactively reviewed displacements and output model results. We also definedfilter criteria so that we could view specific areas of interest related to the GR+T1 loadcombinations. Finally, we performed a rotating equipment compliance check and interactivelyreviewed the point stress information.

Before continuing, select File/Save to save the changes you’ve made to the model, then review thefollowing concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:

� Defining result model options: To establish defaults for viewing results, use the Tools/ModelOptions/Result command. The Result Model Options dialog allows you to establishpreferences, including the ability to automatically include default combinations.

� Performing a Static Analysis: In this chapter we performed a Static Analysis on the modelusing the Analyze/Static command. To perform a non-linear analysis, you must enable theGaps/Friction/Yielding option in the Static Analysis dialog.

� Reviewing Displacements: The Result/Displacement command provides detailed informationabout the displacements in a model. When this command is selected, the model is re-drawn toshow an exaggerated view of areas of displacement. From this display, users can selectindividual points to display a pop-up window that details specific displacement data at theactive point.

� Applying result filter criteria: In this chapter we defined a displacement filter to highlight theareas in the model which exceeded a user-specified displacement value. This capability isassociated with the Result/Filter Criteria/Displacement command.

� Selecting combinations: AutoPIPE allows the user to select which load cases andcombinations will be included in output reports. By default, all load combinations areconsidered; however, using the Tools/Non-code Combinations/Select command, the users canenable/disable available combinations.

� Rotating equipment compliance: To produce an equipment compliance report, the user mustenable the Generate Report option in the Rotating Equipment dialog. The next step is to runthe Result/Output Report command and enable the Equipment option from the Batch Reportdialog. An asterisk (*) next to a value in the Equipment section of the report indicates anallowable that was exceeded.

� Reviewing code stress results: Code Stress results can be reviewed with the Result/CodeCompliance command. After the command is executed the model is color-coded and a legendappears in the margin of the model area. Code stress information for specific points isdisplayed in a separate pop-up window.

autopipe tutorial v6 3

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