AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

When will they get here? Copper Strategy Success Seminar

The Future of Work 29th September 2016

MARK BORLACE Senior Manager – Mobility & Automotive Policy

Driverless cars AKA Self driving or autonomous cars

Some of the terms Autonomous Cars

Can drive itself from Point A to Point B with no manual input from the driver. It has all the technologies on board to do this and does not need to communicate with other road users or the infrastructure to achieve this

Connected Cars

A connected car is equipped with internet access and often also Wi-Fi capability to “talk” to other cars and the road side infrastructure such as traffic light and highway traffic monitoring systems. This allows the car to share internet access to other devices both inside (smartphones) and outside the vehicle such as emergency services in the event of an accident with automatic notification of crashes

A combination of both cooperating is optimal

Some other terms • Vehicle to Vehicle = V2V • Vehicle to Infrastructure = V2I (traffic management systems) • Vehicle to everyone else = V2X (V2X = pedestrians, cyclist etc)

Examples of early V2I Automatic notification of accident

Examples of V2I • Green wave

technology • Cars send speed

and direction data to traffic management.

• Traffic system send information on optimum speed to get the next green light ahead.

The evolution path to today

What are the levels of self-driving vehicle and when will they get here?

Dumb and smart cars Managing the traffic mix of smart and dumb cars while they also interact with other roads users will be the challenge. The quicker the transition, the safer and better it will be for all. Incentives for retro-fitting some basic ITS technologies to dumb vehicles, especially trucks which have a longer in-service life than cars, may be necessary.

Timeline for introduction

Phase 1 – Passive Autonomous driving

Phase 1 - Passive Autonomous capability assists the driver with systems such as Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), lane keeping assistance and adaptive cruiser control but does not have absolute control of the vehicle.

Phase 2 The driver is still the primary operator of the vehicle under all conditions although he can give up some duties to the vehicle. This also includes limited external self park capability and cruising on some controlled roads

Phase 2 – Limited Driver substitution

Phase 3 – Complete Autonomous capability

Phase 3 - The car can accelerate, brake and steer by itself under most driving conditions but the driver should remain in the driver’s seat ready to take over in the event of an emergency or system failure.

Phase 4 – Google Car world

Phase 4 – All cars have V2V and V2X capability and they can drive themselves with no human intervention

Full connectivity V2V – V2X – V2I available

PresenterPresentation NotesV2V – vehicle to vehicleV2X – Vehicle to InfrastructureV2I – Vehicle to

Chart1

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Technology penetration

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ADAPTATION

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.7

5.5

7

9

12

16

20

28

Sheet1

201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026

Technology penetration11.522.533.544.75.57912162028

Sheet1

Technology penetration

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE ADAPTATION

Sheet2

Sheet3

Will autonomous vehicles be everywhere?

• Probably not. • They will complement

integrated public transport in the cities

• Be part of a hub and spoke inter regional town or city autonomous highway network

Autonomous vehicle nodes

Autonomous vehicle corridors

Mandating vehicle connectivity • In the next year the US is likely to mandate vehicle

connectivity to the internet mainly for safety reasons. • Eventually they will want speed and direction data to be

transmitted to other road users, probably by Wi-Fi.

Hacking / Terrorism • Hacking and being used for attacks are a real

possibility. • Many autonomous vehicle technologies have been

developed by the US military over the years.

Jeep take control software • Last year control of a Jeep was taken over remotely. • It wasn’t easy, but it was done.

Privacy BROAD PRINCIPLES NEED TO; • cover a wide variety of vehicular data and address privacy concerns

raised by new in-car technologies; • cover geolocation information, driver biometrics, and other driver

behavioral data like seatbelt use or hard-braking; • requires opt-in consent before any of these sensitive data can be used for

marketing purposes or shared with independent third parties; • also include a warrant requirement for geolocation information;

Cars will also need to be taught to sometimes break the law

Car making ethical decisions?

Public acceptance • There is a lot of resistance to the idea of

not being in control of the vehicle or that driverless cars might hit your car.

• Demonstration programs and controlled low speed use of driverless (shuttles) are needed to help gain acceptance of the technology

Autonomous trucks in open cut mines

Australian mines have had autonomous trucks in open cut mines for a couple of years

Autonomous trucks in mining underground

Volvo’s fully autonomous truck is being tested in operations deep underground. It is part of a development project aimed at improving

the transport flow and safety in the mine. The truck will cover a distance of 7 kilometres, reaching 1,320 metres underground in the

narrow mine tunnels.

How is Australia preparing for this technology?

By getting interested and affected partners together to prepare for the future and exploit any unique advantages that Australia may have in this area

RACWA TRIAL • The RACWA have purchased and launched an 11seater French

Navya autonomous shuttle bus in Perth. It will spend the next three months covering a 2.7km stretch of the South Perth foreshore along the Swan River, operating at speeds of up to 25km/h.

PELETON - Truck platooning

Smaller self – driving pods RDM is a British driverless vehicle manufacturer making self-driving pods aimed at airports, theme parks and other pedestrian-only areas. The RAA may work with the aged care industry to trial them here.

RAA is partner in the ARRB driverless cars initiative

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

When will they get here? Copper Strategy Success Seminar

The Future of Work 29th September 2016

MARK BORLACE Senior Manager – Mobility & Automotive Policy

�AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES�When will they get here?Driverless carsSome of the termsSome other termsExamples of early V2IExamples of V2IThe evolution path to todayWhat are the levels of self-driving vehicle�and when will they get here?Dumb and smart cars Timeline for introductionWill autonomous vehicles be everywhere?Mandating vehicle connectivityHacking / TerrorismJeep take control softwarePrivacyCars will also need to be taught to sometimes break the lawCar making ethical decisions?Public acceptanceAutonomous trucks in open cut minesAutonomous trucks in mining undergroundHow is Australia preparing for this technology?RACWA TRIALPELETON - Truck platooningSmaller self – driving pods RAA is partner in the ARRB driverless cars initiative�AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES�When will they get here?