DRIVERLESS CAR (SELF DRIVING CAR)

PRESENTED BY

BASAWARAJ D

GUIDED BY

Prof. RITESH R MULGE

CONTETS Introduction History Vehicular hardware Working Comparison Potential advantages Potential obstacles Official prediction conclusion

Vehicular Automation Vehicular automation involves the use of

MechatronicsArtificial Intelligence

to assist a vehicle's operator.

These features and the vehicles employing them may be labeled as intelligent or smart

Introduction An autonomous car is also called

as self driving car, driverless car or robotic car, an autonomous vehicle capable of fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a traditional car.

As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.

ABOUTDriver less car is a project by Google that involves the developing technology for autonomous carThe software powering car is called “Google chauffeur”This project is being led by Google engineer and teamThis team has 15 engineers

Vehicle Hardware RADAR Video camera LIDAR GPS Processors Wheel Speed Sensors

RADAR Traditional RADAR sensors are used to detect

dangerous objects in the vehicle’s path that are more than 100 meters away.

Accident-Prevention systems trigger alerts when they detect something in a blind car’s blind spot.

The radar chirps between 10 and 11 GHz over a 5 millisecond period, transmitting the radar signal from a centrally located antenna cone.

Two receive cones, separated by approximately 14 inches, receive the reflected radar energy.

Video camera A video camera installed at the

top of the front glass near the rear-view mirror.

These cameras are used to detect the traffic lights , pedestrians, animals etc.

It is also used to identify road markings and traffic signals.

LIDAR The Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) which is mounted on the roof

of the vehicle is the most important device in the Autonomous vehicles.

The LIDAR consists of an emitter, mirror and receiver.

The emitter sends out a LASER beam that bounces off a mirror that is rotating along with the cylindrical housing at 10 revolutions per minute.

After bouncing off objects, the LASER beam returns to the mirror and is bounced back towards the receiver, where it can be interpreted into data.

The vehicle can then generate a map of its surroundings and use the map to avoid objects.

LIDAR

GPS The global positioning system(GPS) is a

space based satellite navigation system that provides location and the time information.

But the data alone with the GPS system is less accurate so this data is combined with the outputs from the IMU(inertial measurement unit)

IMU is an electronic device which measures and gives the information about vehicles velocity

Processors Some 7 dual-core 2.13 GHz processors and 2Gb of

RAM are needed to make sense of the data collected by the car’s instruments.

Wheel Speed Sensors

Wheel Speed Sensors measure the road-wheel speed and direction of rotation.

These sensors provide input to a number of different automotive systems including the anti-lock brake system and electronic stability control.

Working The signal from the sensors are used by the Electronic

Control Unit for decision making using a software code.

Based on the information from the sensors, the Electronic Control Unit gives signal to the actuators, which in turn control the vehicle.

Also, real time information of the surroundings is output to the user interface located inside the vehicle.

Artificial IntelligenceGoogle Maps and the hardware sensors data are sent to the AI.

AI then determines:

how fast to acceleratewhen to slow down/stopwhen to steer the wheel

Goal of AI

The agent's goal is to take the passenger to its desired destination safely and legally.

Block diagram

Potential Advantages Minimize accidents rates in cities The system will allow the commuters to do other things while

travelling such as reading or sleeping. Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic congestion Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation

chores. Higher speed limit for autonomous cars. Alleviation of parking scarcity. Reduction of space required for vehicle parking. Reduction in the need for traffic police and vehicle insurance. Smoother ride.

Potential Obstacles As of August 28,2014 the latest prototype cannot “Handle

heavy rain and snow covered roads”. Chris Urmson of Google said That the LIDAR technology

cannot spot a police officer signaling car to stop Vehicles are unable to differentiate between crumpled up paper

and a rock Loss of driver-related jobs Temporary construction zones which are not posted

to any maps or data bases.According to Google, projects having these issues fixed by 2020.

Google Driverless CarToyota Prius modified to operate as a Google

driverless car

Official Predictions By 2014, Israeli company Mobileye expects to release semi-autonomous

car technology.

By 2015, Audi plans to market vehicles that can autonomously steer, accelerate and brake at lower speeds, such as in traffic jams.

By 2016, Mobileye expects to release fully autonomous car technology.

By 2017, Google expects to release their autonomous car technology.

By 2020, Volvo envisages having cars in which passengers would be immune from injuries.

By 2020, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Nissan and BMW all expect to sell autonomous cars.

Traffic Ahead • Many carmakers developing prototype vehicles that are capable of driving

autonomously in certain situation.

BMW

z

Nissan Google General Motors

Vehicles 5 Series (modified)

S 500 Intelligent driver research vehicle

Leaf EV (modified)

Prius and Lexus (modified)

Cadillac SRX (modified)

KEYTechnologies

• Video camera tracks lane markings and reads road signs.

• Read sensors detect objects ahead.

• Side laser scanners.• Ultrasonic sensors.• Differential GPS.• Very accurate map.

• Stereo camera sees objects ahead in 3-D

• Additional cameras reads road signs and traffic lights.

• Short and long range radar.

• Infrared camera,• Ultrasonic sensors.

• Front and side radar.

• Camera• Front, side and

rear laser sensor,• Fore wide angle

cameras shows the driver the car’s surroundings.

• LIDAR on the roof detects objects around the car in 3-D

• Camera helps detect objects.

• Front and side radar.• Inertial measuring

unit tracks position, • Wheel encoder

tracks movement.• Very accurate map.

• Several laser sensors.

• Radar• Differential GPS• Cameras• Very accurate map.

ConclusionAlthough legal issues connected to driverless cars have raised many questions, as driverless car is still in research, hope we can see driverless car running on roads soon which would overcome all these obstacles and issues in the future, let’s wait and seeCould be ready for market as little a 4-5 years

Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_carhttp://www.techradar.com/us/news/car-tech/google-wants-some-form-of-self-driving-cars-on-roads-by-2018-1130660http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/auto/AuE835_Projects_2011/Vallabhaneni_project.htmlwww.matronic.dehttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/driverless-car1.htmInfo graphics http://drivesteady.com/how-autonomous-vehicles-work

Thank you