Autonomic Nervous SystemPeriod 5Jacquelene Hanein, Karina Guerrero, Martha Kwon

● Processing center of nervous system

● Receives and sends info to PNS

● Made up of brain and spinal cord

● Cannot heal itself

Central Nervous System

● Connects CNS to organs in body

● Carries signals from the CNS

● Made up of two different types of cells (sensory/motor nervous cells)

● Can heal itself

Peripheral Nervous System

● Brain: control system of bodyo Forebrain:

Thalamus + hypothalamus

Cerebrum Cerebral Cortex

Central Nervous SystemLobes and Hemispheres

o Midbraino Hindbrain

Pons: connects cerebral cortex to medulla oblongata

o Cerebellum: motor movement coordination, balance/equilibrium, muscle tone

o Medulla Oblongata: controls autonomic functions like breathing, digestion, circulatory system function, swallowing, sneezing

Central NS Cont.

5 parts of the brain

● Brainstem: connects cerebrum with spinal cordo relay of motor/sensory

signals between brain and spinal cord

o Controls life supporting autonomic functions of PNS

● Spinal Cord

Central NS Cont.

The motor nervous system can be separated into two nervous systems●Autonomic nervous system

o Parasympathetic divisiono Sympathetic Division

●Somatic nervous system o Cranial Nerves: connect the

upper body and heado Spinal Nerves: connect the rest

of the body

Peripheral Nervous System

neural pathway that controls an action reflex

●Reflex action occurs:○ involuntary, almost instantaneous○ sensory neurons synapse at the spinal cord

●Nerve impulses enter sensory neuron●Impulse allows afferent neurons to connect with motor neurons

○ to reach effectors and initiate reflex

Reflex Arc

affects internal organs ex) peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle of intestines

Reflex Arc: Autonomic arc

Reflex Arc: Somatic Arc affects muscles

ex) knee jerk tests that a doctor gives

In the ANS there are two neuron efferent pathways:Preganglionic neuron has to synapse into the postganglionic neuron before stimulating the

organ.

●Preganglionic neuron= ACho Sympathetic preganglionic neurons= shorter with more synapses than parasympathetic

●Postganglionic neurons= norepinephrine ●Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons= ACh

Reflex Arc

● CNS + PNS = ANS● Parasympathetic neurons: sacral region in spinal cord + medulla

oblongata, pons, brainstem, midbrain● Sympathetic neurons: body of spinal cord

Organization of ANS

Neurotransmitters

Preganglionic Neurons●Both cholinergicPostganglionic Neurons●Cholinergic vs Adrenergic***some sympathetic neurons can be cholinergic (i.e. sweat glands, skin)

Receptors

If Cholinergic…●muscarinic receptors●nicotinic receptors

If Adrenergic…●alpha receptor●beta receptor

Termination of Neurotransmitters

● ACh broken down by AChE ● Norepinephrine deactivated by monoamine oxidase

Regulation of ANS

● Control centers in medulla oblongata o cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory

● Hypothalamuso regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, ion balance

● Limbic System & Cerebral Cortexo emotional stress

● Klabunde, Richard E. "Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in Blood Vessels." CV Physiology:. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 23 Apr. 2014. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

● Klabunde, Richard E. "Autonomic Ganglia." CV Pharmacology. Richard E. Klabunde, PhD, 27 Jan. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

● Shier, David, Jackie Butler, and Ricki Lewis. "The Nervous System." Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology. Eleventh Edition ed. New York: McGrawHill Higher Education, 2007. Print.

● Upchurch, Jim. "Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System." Receptors and the Autonomic Nervous System. EMS1, 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.

● "What Are Neurotransmitters?" What Are Neurotransmitters? Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <https://www.neurogistics.com/TheScience/WhatareNeurotransmi09CE.asp>.

● "Cerebral Cortex." MedicineNet. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11490>.

Bibliography