Automotive Wired and

Wireless Communication

Automotive Trends

ElectrifiedAutonomous Connected

Battery, Range, Power

Electronics, Cost

Sensors, Complex

Architecture, DisplayWireless Standard,

Cloud, Connectivity

Service3.5 years

Fewer Resource, Tighter Timeline

Cha

llenges

Motivation

Safety

Zero crash

Green Energy

Zero PollutionConnected Car

Zero Congestion

Connected

Automotive Electronics

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Tektronix Automotive

Solution

ADAS Computing

Wireless Connectivity

Power and PMIC Test

Memory

LED Test

EMC Test

ADAS Sensor

ADAS Computing

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ADAS Computing Block Diagram

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ActuatorsECU/MCU/DomainSensor

Radar

Lidar

Camera

Performance CPU

Sensor Fusion

Safety MCU

Event Recorder

Steering

Brake

Accelerator

ADAS Sensor

In-Vehicle

Network

In-

Vehicle

Network

Domain Controller Actuator

Zonal Architecture

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Traditional Zone Architecture

• Processing is separated in several physical areas called Zone

• Sensors and Actuators are connected to main computer/server

via Zone ECUs

IVN Standards

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• What is IVN?

• Electronics inside the car communicate with each other over In-Vehicle-Network.

• Low Speed IVN (<10Mbps)

• CAN, LIN, FlexRay, CXPI etc.

• High Speed IVN (>10Mbps)

• Symmetric IVN for ECU to ECU communication• Automotive Ethernet (10Mbps-10Gbps)

• Optical Automotive Ethernet

• Asymmetric IVN for Sensor communication• MIPI A-PHY (up to 16G)

• ASA (up to 16G)

• FPD-Link, GMSL, GVIF, Apix

Symmetric-Automotive Ethernet

Standards:

• 10BASE-T1S (802.3cg)

• 100BASE-T1 (802.3bw)

• 1000BASE-T1 (802.3bp)

• Multigigabit Ethernet (802.3ch)

• 25G/50G Automotive Ethernet (802.3cy*)

• Multigigabit Optical Automotive Ethernet (802.3cz*)

Advantage of Automotive Ethernet

• Derived from proven Ethernet standards

• Offers Common Architecture with multiple speed option

• Cost: Unshielded cable, Full-duplex cable reduces cost by 80% and

cable weight up to 30%

• Modulated data to reduce bandwidth requirement

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* Under development

OSI Automotive Ethernet

7 Application Applications (HTTP, FTP,

SMTP..)6 Presentation

5 Session

4 Transport TCP

3 Network IP

2 Data Link Network Access

1 Physical 10/100/1000/NGBASE-T1

Asymmetric IVN standards

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Device Vendor Standard Standards

JASPAR ASAA-PHY

Multi-Gigabit

EthernetGVIF

FPD-Link

GMSL

VESA

VTGHDBaseT

Testing Becoming More Challenging

• Issue 1: Interoperability• To achieve interoperability and quality, Compliance test need to be

performed at all levels (Semicon, ECU, In-vehicle)

• Open Alliance, IEEE, ISO standard

• Issue 2: System Level Debug • Finally, system performance is what matters!

• Noise test, Timing measurement

• Issue 3: Backward Compatibility• Testing newer IVN standards will be critical

• Testing legacy standards will be essential

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Automotive Ethernet PMA Test Specification

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Test Name Details/

Subtest

10BASE-T1S 100BASE-T1 1000BASE-T1 MultiGBASE-T1

Transmitter Output Droop 1) Positive Droop

2) Negative Droop

Transmitter Distortion

Transmitter Linearity

Transmitter Timing Jitter in

Master/Slave Mode

1) RMS/p2p MASTER Tx CLK

2) RMS/p2p SLAVE Tx CLK

Transmitter MDI Jitter

Tx MDI Random Jitter (Master) 1) RMS/p2p MDI Jitter

Tx MDI Deterministic Jitter (Master) 1) pk-pk DJ 2) pk-pk EOJ

Transmitter Power Spectral Density PSD, Power Level

Transmit Clock Frequency

Transmitter Peak Differential Output

MDI Return Loss

MDI Mode Conversion

Common Mode Emission

Test Challenge: How do I perform all the above tests manually?

How do I replicate test set defined in standard document?

Tektronix Automated Test Solution

DPO70K DX/SX, MSO 5/6B series

Fixture

DUT

TekExpress Automated

Compliance Test

10/100/1000/MultiG-BASE-T1

Anritsu VNA

Automotive Ethernet – TekExpress Workflow

DUT Configuration Measurement ConfigurationTest Selection Report

Automated Test Solution with Measurement Algorithm as Defined in Standards

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System Level Test

100Base-T1/1000Base-T1

CAN FD Transceiver100Base-T1/

1000Base-T1

Transceiver

Bulk Current

Injection

Probe

RF

Monitoring

Probe

From RF

Injection

(SG & Amplifier

& Coupler)

To Level Monitor

(Spectrum

Analyzer)

Ground

Plane

• ECU Performance • System Performance Test

• Noise Test, Signal Integrity Test

• Bulk Current Injection Test (IS0 Standard)

• Latency Measurement• Gateway Timing Measurement

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Automotive Ethernet- System Test◦ High speed SERDES system performance is

determined by eye diagram.

◦ Noise Test: Eye diagram can estimate bit error rate at

given noise condition.

As automotive Ethernet is a full duplex signaling,

it’s difficult to perform signal integrity or eye

diagram test or protocol decode at system level.

• Current available solution using directional coupler:

• New hardware between ECU-to-ECU link

• Insertion loss, reflection can alter the signal quality

• De-embedding can deteriorate signal to noise ration

• Directional coupler will not show true Automotive

ethernet signal

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Tektronix Award Wining Signal Separation Solution

Tektronix Patented Signal Solution:

• Separates transmitter and receiver signals without

interfering with the circuit

• Non-Intrusive method of signal separation: See the

real signal without compromising signal quality

• Perform eye diagram analysis, bit error rate, signal

integrity analysis

• User defined filter and equalizer support

• Solution available for 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1

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Before Separation

After software Separation

PAM3 signal

Full-Duplex Signal

See the Real Signal with Tektronix

Latency Measurement

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Intrepid CS

Oscilloscope

Legacy and Newer IVN Standards

BCI Immunity Test of Automotive LAN

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Bulk Current Injection

• EMS standards for Automotive Electric Module

(Device)

（Electro and Magnetic Susceptibility)

◦ ISO1745-4 BCI Method (1MHz-400MHz, 200mA,

400mA…)

• Test in shield room

• Measure actual voltage amplitude caused by RF

Current Injection

• Test Challenge: Traditional differential

probes pick up noise when we place it

nearby DUT without probing to DUT.

100Base-T1/1000Base-T1

CAN FD Transceiver100Base-T1/

1000Base-T1

Transceiver

Bulk Current

Injection

Probe

RF Monitoring

Probe

From RF Injection

(SG & Amplifier

& Coupler)

To Level Monitor

(Spectrum Analyzer)

Ground

Plane

Measure Differential Noise at Receiver

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Debug BCI Test with IsoVu disconnected

from DUT

Debug BCI Test with P6251 disconnected

from DUT (Just placed near by Receiver).

IsoVu

• Measure actual voltage amplitude at receiver caused by Disturbance

◦ High CMRR and Susceptibility of TIVM1L are effective

◦ Traditional probes show large noise amplitude in EMI noise environment

such as 200V/m. (not connected to receiver point)

Automotive Ethernet Test Solution

• Automated test solution for PHY layer compliance for

10Mbps to 10Gbps as per Open Alliance and IEEE

specification

• Working with Key Silicon companies, standard bodies,

Compliance lab to develop measurement algorithms

• Patented Signal Separation solution to perform System

level test without compromising signal quality

• Accurate BCI measurement using IsoVue probe

• Strong roadmap to cover upcoming IVN standards

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Summary• Automated test solution for PHY layer compliance for

10Mbps to 10Gbps per Open Alliance and IEEE

specification

• Close collaboration with leading silicon solution

providers, Compliance lab to develop Industry

standards measurement algorithms

• System Level Test Solution:

• Noise test using Patented Signal Separation solution to perform System

level test without compromising signal quality

• Accurate BCI measurement using IsoVue probe

• Silicon and System Level Test Solutions to validate PCS, PHY Control,

TC9 and TC10 along with University of New Hampshire's Inter

Operability Laboratory (UNH-IOL)

• Strong roadmap to cover upcoming IVN standards

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Multigigabit Ethernet PHY Demo kit

ADAS Computing:

Domain Controller

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Domain Controller

Main uController

Application

Core

Complex

Base SW

RT Device (SoC or

FPGA)

10BaseT1s

100BaseT1

100BaseT1

1000BaseT1

1000BaseT1

1000BaseT1

Network Backbone Interface

CAN

CAN

LIN

LIN

CAN XL

CAN XL

Power

Power

Supply

Base SW

RT Core

ComplexDigitizers

10BaseT1S over CAN XL

Legacy Buses

interfacing main

controller or RT

processing with legacy

automotive sensors

PWM

Sources

Mixed

Signal I/O

Power over Data Lines (PoDL)

MemoryLPDDR4 today. Move to

LP5 in next gen

HDMIGMSL/FBD-

Link/ASA

MIPI D-

PHY/C-PHYUSB3.1

To ADAS Sensors or V2X Communications

To Infotainment

To ADAS Devices and

Infotainment To Infotainment

Communicating with

local ECUs

Galvanic isolation to

Powertrain

Vehicle core network.

TSN critical protocol.

Electrical today, optical

tomorrow because of

speed and EMI isolation

Research into53Gbaud

low-current, high temp

VSCELs

Connect to Brakes,

Motors, LEDS, Relays,

etc

Battery

PCIe Gen4/3

Domain Controller InterfaceADAS

Interface Test Tektronix solution

Camera support 8-12 lanes of MIPI D-PHY

or C-PHY

Tx test as per MIPI MIPI D-PHY (v1.2, v2.1), MIPI C-PHY (v1.2)

compliance Application

Infotainment 2-3 lanes of HDMI Tx test as per HDMI HDMI compliance Application

USB3.1 Tx Test as per USB SIG USB3.1 compliance application

ADAS LVDS or A-PHY or ASA Compliance test LVDS Tx Signal quality test

Network interface 4-8 lanes of Automotive

Ethernet

Compliance test Automotive Ethernet compliance Application

Memory LPDDR4 Conformance test as per

JEDEC

LPDDR4 Compliance application

Power PMIC Power sequencing Power Integrity Test

Actuator interface CAN/LIN/FlexRay Protocol timing and signal

quality

Low speed protocol decode

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Tektronix covers solution for all the major interfaces; which includes automated compliance, debug and signal analysis

ADAS Sensor

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ADAS and Autonomous Vehicle Sensor

Trends in Sensing

• Sensor Fusion• Radar is necessary

• Higher Frequencies• Wider bandwidths needed

• FMCW Technique • Group of chirp

• Transmit (Green), Receive (dark Blue)

• Lower cost hardware

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SAFE, EFFECTIVE, AND AFFORDABLE AUTONOMY

|TX-RX|=Beatnote

Click to add text

Key Measurements

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t

f

Slope

Chirp time

Chirp linearity

Tx Rx

Chirp

bandwidthICP1dB

Noise floor

Dynamic range

ENOB

Interference Rejection

Output power

Output power dynamic range

Tx Noise

ENOB

Phase noise, peak and RMS

Jitter

Automotive Radar Solution19 JUNE 2021

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FMCW Radar Interference

Suite (In SourceXpress)

VDI 60-90GHz Upconverter

AWG70000 Arbitrary

Waveform Generator

FMCW Radar Analysis Suite

Radar Signal Analysis Solution Radar Interference Testing Solution Total Radar Testing Solution

- MSO6B or DPO70K SX/DX

- AWG70K

- NDK or VDI Downconverters

- SignalVu

- SourceXpress w/ Radar Interference Plugin

- FMCW Analysis Software

Multi-channel analysis Interference Test Complete Solution

Webinar: https://www.tek.com/webinar/fmcw-radar-analysis-and-signal-simulation

LiDAR

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DESIGN PARAMETERS

LiDAR Unit

Transmit Pulse

Return Pulse

Δt ~ Distance

• Is my laser eye safe?

• How much range do I need? How much can I achieve?

• What environmental conditions does my LiDAR need to handle?

• How much of my surroundings can I scan?

• How many LiDARs are needed for the given ADAS / AV application?

• What range resolution can I get? What angular resolution?

• What cost target do I need to hit?

• What kind of design will OEMs accept?

The LiDAR Race

LiDAR Test

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Benchtop

Laser

Source

~1MHz, 4-10ns pulses

Optical

Modulator

800-1600nm CW Source

APD DUT

AWG Source

1000MHz

BW

Power

Amp

AWG Source

~1MHz, 4-10ns pulses

Laser

Emitter

DUT

Current: 10A+

~1MHz, 4-10ns pulses

APD DUT

Tx-Rx Optical System

Target

Phase 2: Tx-Rx Design

- Verify detector performance

- Characterize Tx-Rx performance using

real physical targets

Phase 1: Choosing the Right Detector:

- Phase delay response

- Measure minimum and maximum response

- Characterization of response wfm

- O/E efficiency

- Bandwidth response

Connectivity

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Wireless Connectivity

LTE Cellular Based V2X TestingWith 5G on horizon, bandwidth improvement will allow

multiple use cases for Automotive

Analyze LTE sidelink PC5 signals

Standard-compliant, physical layer measurements such as error vector magnitude (EVM), adjacent channel leakage ratio

(ACLR), spectrum emission mask (SEM), and more

Waveform generation of LTE sidelink PC5 signals

802.11p compliant waveform generation and analysis

Ultra-wide Band Testing

Generate and receive UWB compliant signals at full

bandwidth

MAC and PHY layer compatibility

SignalVu-PC Wireless Analysis SW

• Compatible with entire portfolio of RSAs,

Digitizers and Oscilloscopes

• Automation through PI commands

• Q2 2021 – 5G waveform analysis and generation

◦ Currently active Beta2

◦ EVMs on scopes comparable to spectrum analyzers

◦ Multi channel - high bandwidth capabilities on MSOs

• H2 2021

◦ Multi channel capabilities for MIMO

◦ Integration of downconverters (control and

calibration)

• Future: WiFi, V2X, Chirp analysis

UWB

• Ultra wide band (UWB) is the radio technology that is used for conducting large quantity of digital data over a wide-ranging scale of frequency bands with very low power for a short distance.

• Usable frequency range 3.1-10.6GHz

• Max. range 200m

• Key Application:• Smart car access• V2X communication• Vehicle Network Processing

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Tek Solution

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UWB Transmitter, Receiver and Interference test solution

- MSO6B or DPO70000 SX/DX with AWG70K series

UWB Generation

• Supports the following Payload Types: PN Sequence,

Test Pattern, User Defined Bits, From File

• Supports the following impairments to the signal :

AWGN, IQ Impairment(Gain Imbalance, Quadrature

Skew and IQ Offset) ◦ Compliant with IEEE 802.15.4z

standard

UWB Analysis

• Baseband Impulse Response Measurement.

• Frequency Offset Estimation

• Clock Offset Estimation

• Mean PRF Estimation

• Demodulate the PPDU & MPDU Bytes

• Supports transmit power spectral density test Transmit

Power Measurements (Preamble and Data)

• Packet Error Rate Measurement

Automotive Electronics

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EVSE Installation

& Maintain

Charger

Grid

Renewable

Lighting

Keyless

Entry

Connectivity

In-vehicle

Networking

Sensing

Network

Battery

Power

Converter

Motor

Motor Driver

TPMS

Tektronix Automotive

Solution

wired connectivity

wireless connectivity

Radar/LiDAR test

EV/HEV test

5G Network test

EMC Test

UWB Measurements

• Transmit measurements

◦ Power spectral density

◦ Power spectral density Mask

◦ Carrier frequency offset

• Pulse related measurements

◦ Symbol Modulation Accuracy

◦ Main Lobe width

◦ Side Lobe Power

◦ Chip Clock Error

◦ Chip Frequency Error

◦ Time domain mask

◦ Jitter

• Receiver measurement

◦ Sensitivity – PER

◦ Receiver Interference Test

◦ Receiver Adjacent Channel Rejection

◦ Receiver Maximum Input Power Level

• ToF testing

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