automotive recycling - nelson mandela...

Automotive Recycling

Engineering Workshop at the

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University NMMU

Port Elizabeth

South Africa 2011

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Schmidt

2 Legislation framework for automobile recycling

Engineering Workshop Automobile Recycling

2 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Schmidt, Fakulty of Vehicle Engineering

2 Legislation framework for automobile recycling

End of Life Vehicles directive ELV Directive 2000/53/EG

No charge for the return of old cars from owners

Recycling quota 85 / 95 %

Calculation of quota due to Standard DIN ISO 22628

Type-approval directive Directive 70/156/EEC

There were first considerations for a law 1990 in Germany, the first law became effective in 1997 in

Germany. In 2000 the EU decided on a law that for all member states is valid, similar laws and

standards in China, Japan, Malaysia, Korea….



ELV - Recycling quota 85 / 95 %

80

5

85

10

70

75

80

85

90

95

Mass %

01.01.2006 01.01.2015

Re use and

recycling

(material

recycling /

feedstock

recycling)

Re use and recovery

(max 10 % energy

recovery)

Representation of the

recycling quota for 2006

and 2015. The complete

quota consists of recycling

(re-use and material

recycling) and recovery

(includes thermal

treatment).

Valid to all EU countries.



Calculation method DIN ISO 22682 for type approval

(Component parts)

Re-use

(Materials)

Recycling

(Materials)

Energy recovery

Recyclability rate (has to be 85 %)

Recoverability rate (has to be 95 %)

(Materials)

Recovery Undefined

residues

Rcyc = m v

m p m D + m M + m TR +

* 100

Rcov = m v

m p m D + m M + m TR +

* 100 m TE +

Masses from dismantling, metal

separation and residues

treatment, divided by mV = Total

vehicle mass.

Mass for energy recovery.



Preparation of dismantling information

International Dismantling Information System IDIS

Marking of parts and materials to coding standard DIN ISO 11469

(Plastics > 100g, Rubber > 200g and in Annex II - listed materials)

Use of recycling material in parts and components

Data-input in International Material Data System IMDS

Important points of the End of Life Vehicles directive

Aim: Representation of all materials

of an automobile in a database.

Aim: Instructions for dismantling

and utilization.



ELV - Preparation of dismantling information

Representation of the instructions in pictures and drawings.

Instructions must be available to Start of production at the latest for 6 months.



ELV – Marking of parts and materials

Coding standard acc. to

DIN ISO 11469

Plastic blend with talcum powder

The identification indicates the

plastic type, fillers, reinforcements

substances and additives.



Examinations to the identification of polymers

Unknown plastics can be examined with the infrared

spektroscopy.

For the detection of plastics through an infrared beam the

polymer chains are excited to produce characteristic

vibrations.

These vibrations are detected and compared with the

vibrational spectrum of a software library.



ELV – International Material Data System

Supplier 2 Supplier 1 Supplier n

IMDS database

Automobile manufactures

Input of data

Input and control of data

Supported by

GADSL

Global Automotive

Declarable

Substance List

All suppliers must enter their data in IMDS. Otherwise they can be excluded as a supplier.

One would like to be able to have a complete material distribution for the automobile and

to recognize components containing pollutant.



Treatment operations for depollution and promote recycling due to

Annex I

Prohibition for heavy metals 2003 onwards (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr6+)

Annex II

Dismantling of parts due to

Annex II

Important points of the End of Life Vehicles directive

Lead, Mercury, Cadmium and the

Chromium 6-Ion (Coatings) are forbitten

in the Automotive Industry since 2003

(exeptions are formulated in Annex II).



ELV – Treatment operations for depollution due to Annex I

Removal of batteries

Removal of liquified gas tanks

Removal or neutralisation of potential

explosive components (air bags)

Removal of all components identified

as containing mercury

Inflated Airbag

Airbags and seat belt tensioners can be

ignited. To this there are special igniting

devices.

Airbags must be removed and disposed of

separately in Japan. To this the manufacturers

must develop instructions for each

automobile.




Removal of asbestos coated parts

Removal of all electronic

components identified as

containing lead (max. 60 g/car)

Shock absorber

Discharge lamps and instrument

panels

Balancing weights

Brake pads with a lead amount over

0.5 weight %

Parts not related to motor vehicle

Shock absorber Brake

Shock absorber engine compartment

Shock absorber brake




Removal and separate collection and

storage of liquids:

Fuel

Motor oil

Transmission oil

Gearbox oil

Hydraulic oil

Cooling liquids

Antifreeze

Brake fluids

Air-conditioning system fluids

Fuel



ELV – Treatment operations to promote recycling due to Annex I

Removal of catalysts

Removal of metal components

containing copper, aluminium and

magnesium if these metals are not

segregated in the shredding

process

Removal of tyres

Removal of large plastic

components (bumpers, dashboard,

fluid containers,…)

Removal of glass



ELV – Dismantling of parts due to Annex II

Lead contained battery

Lead contained balance weights

Soldering means of circuit boards

Lead and into ceramic of electrical components

Mercury in discharged lamps and instrument panels

There is a general ban for lead,

cadmium, mercury and chrome 6.

For some applications exist

exeptions or from the point of view

of time limited exeptions.

These components are indicated

and must be removed.



Most important contents of the ELV – Directive

Quota for recycling and recovery Cost free for last owner

Type approavel

Identification of plastics and rubber

Material data base Dismantling information

Use of recycling material

Treatment operations for depollution

Treatment operations for promote recycling Material bans

Identification duty for components containing pollutant

Time restricted use for components containing pollutant

automotive recycling - nelson mandela...

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