automobile steering system how it works sinhala

Steering System Upul Priyshantha

1

iqlaldkï moaO;sh (Steering System)

Odjkh jk jdykhla md,kh lr .ekSug w;HdjYH jk neúka"

frdaOl moaO;sh fukau iqlaldkï moaO;sho jeo.;a ;ekla .kS¡ iqlaldkï

moaO;sfhka bgqjk m%Odk ld¾hhka my; i|yka f,i oelaúh yel¡

ßhÿrd úiska iqlaldkï frdaoh (Steering Wheel) wjYH;dj wkqj

lrljk úg" thg wkqrEmj bosßmi frdao yrjñka jdykfha Odjk

osYdj fjkia lsÍu¡

iqlaldkï frdaoh lrleùu i|yd ßhÿrd úiska fhdok wdhdih" .shr

wkqmd; yd ,Sjr ls%hdjka u.ska jeälr frdao yerùu i|yd fhdojd

.ekSfuka ßhÿrdg myiqjla we;s lsÍu¡

jdykh Odjkh ùfïoS bosßmi frdaoj,ska we;sjk .eiaiSï fndfydaÿrg

Wrd .ksñka tu .eiaiSï ßhÿrd fj; iïfma%IKh ùu je<elaùu¡

fuu ld¾hhka bgq lr,Su i|yd Wiia ;dlaI‚l ks¾udKhkaf.ka hq;=

fldgia .Kkdjlau iqlaldkï moaO;shg we;=<;a fõ¡

kùk jdykj, Ndú; lrk iqlaldkï moaO;s m%Odk jYfhka j¾.

follg fnosh yels fõ¡ tajd kï"

1. Drop Arm Type

2. Rack and Pinion Type

kùk nia" f,dß jeks nr jdyk iEu tllu mdfya olakg ,efnkqfha

Drop Arm Type iqlaldkï moaO;s jk w;r ld¾ jeks ieye,a¨ jdykj,

Rack and Pinion Type nyq, jYfhka Ndú; flf¾¡


2

Drop Arm Type

my; rEm igyfka oelafjkafka ,U ndyq j¾.fha iqlaldkï

moaO;shlg wh;a fldgia h¡

ßhÿre l=áfha we;s iqlaldkï frdaohg iújk iqlaldkï BIdj

(Steering Shaft) we;af;a iqlaldkï lKqj ;=< h¡ jdykfha Odjk osYdj fjkia

lsÍu i|yd ßhÿrd úiska iqlaldkï frdaoh tla w;lg lrljkq ,enQ úg" ta

iu.u iqlaldkï lKqj ;=< we;s iqlaldkï BIdj lrleù weUreula

iqlaldkï fmÜáhg (Steering Box) ,nd foa¡ iqlaldkï fmÜáh ;=< we;s .shr

uÕska tu weUreï n,h (Twisting Force) jeälr" ,U ndyq BIdj (Drop Arm

Shaft) wê n,hlska lrljhs¡ fï uÕska thg iïnkaO ,U ndyqj meoaoS" tu

p,s;h ;sria ndyqj (Drag Link) uÕska wEªï oKav (Tie Rod) yd iqlaldkï w;a

fj; ,ndoS frdao yerùu isÿ lrhs¡

iqlaldkï fmÜáfha isg frdao olajd p,s;h iïfm%aIKh lrk o~q

moaO;sh iqlaldkï nkaOk o~q (Steering Linkage) f,i ye|skafõ¡ fï wkqj

iqlaldkï nkaOk o~q moaO;shg wh;a jkafka ,U- ndyqj, ;sria ndyqj, wEªï

oKav yd iqlaldkï w;a h¡


3

iqlaldkï fmÜáh (Steering Box)

fkdfhla wdldrfha ks¾udKhkaf.ka hq;a .shr wvx.= iqlaldkï fmÜá

jdykj, Ndú; lrkq ,efí¡ tfia jqjo iqlaldkï fmÜáh ;=< we;s .shr

tl,i uQ,sl jYfhka iukaú; jkafka iqlaldkï BIdj fl<jr we;s hï

wdldrhl .evú,s .shrhlska (Worm Gear) iy iqlaldkï BIdjg ,ïnlj

ilia lr we;s ,U ndyq BIdfõ we;s .shrhlsks¡ fuu .shr tlsfkl yd

iïnkaO ù we;s w;r fï .shr ieleiau uÕska .shr wkqmd;hlao we;s lrhs¡

jdykj, nyq, jYfhka Ndú; lrk iqlaldkï fmÜá j¾. y;rla

my; oelafõ¡

1. .evú,d yd .evú,s frdao j¾.h (Worm and Worm Wheel Type)

2. bial=remamq yd uqßÉÑ j¾.h (Screw and Nut Type)

3. m%;sixirK .=,d j¾.h (Re-circulating Ball Type)

4. .evú,d yd frda,r j¾.h (Worm and Roller Type)

.evú,d yd .evú,s frdao j¾.h (Worm and Worm Wheel Type)

fuu j¾.fhaoS iqlaldkï BIdj fl<jr we;s .evú,d" wdjrKh

(Casing) ;=< r|jd we;af;a f;rmqï fnhdßï (Thrust Bearings) foll

wdOdrfhks¡ .evú,s frdaohg iú ù we;s ,U ndyq BIdj lrlefjkqfha f,dalv

nqyq (Bronze Bushes) u;h¡ my; rEm igyfka oelafjkafka .evú,d yd

.evú,s frdao j¾.fha iqlaldkï fmÜáhls¡

.evú,s frdaoh .evú,d yd iïnkaO ù we;s neúka iqlaldkï BIdfõ

(Steering Shaft) fl<jrg iúlr we;s iqlaldkï frdaoh lrljk úg .evú,d

lrlefjk w;r .evú,d uÕska .evú,s frdaoho ,U ndyq BIdjo (Drop Arm

Shaft) p,s; lrhs¡ fï fya;=fjka ,U ndyq BIdjg odr uÕska yd uqßÉÑhla

uÕska iïnkaOj we;s ,U ndyqj meoaoS" ,U ndyqj yd frdao hd lrk iqlaldkï

nkaOk o~q wdOdrfhka frdao yerùu isÿ lrhs¡


4

iqlaldku l%shd lsÍfïoS .evú,s frdaoh lrlefjkqfha wxYl 60 isg 90

olajd muK m%udKhla ne.ska f.ùulg Ndckh jkqfha .evú,s frdaofha

iam¾Y jk fldgi mu‚¡ fï ksid .evú,s frdaofha hïlsis f.ùula we;s jQ

úg" tu frdaoh yrjd fkdf.jqk me;a; .evú,d yd iïnkaO lr .ekSfuka

.evú,s frdaoh ;jÿrg;a m%fhdackhg .ekSug yelsùu fuu j¾.fha we;s

m%Odk jdishla fjhs¡

fuu ks¾udKhgu fndfydaÿrg iudk" tfy;a .evú,s frdaoh fjkqjg

.evú,s flakaøsl LKavhla (Worm Sector) fhdod we;s .evú,d yd flakaøsl

LKav j¾.h (Worm and Sector Type) hkqfjka yªkajkq ,nk iqlaldkï

fmÜá j¾.hlao jdykj, Ndú; flf¾¡ fuh by; i|yka j¾.j,g jvd

ir, yd ieye,a jk kuq;a .evú,s frdaoh fuka flakaøsl LKavh f.jqkq miq

kej; yrjd mdúÉÑ lsÍug fkdyels fõ¡


5

bial=remamq yd uqßÉÑ j¾.h (Screw and Nut Type)

fuu j¾.fhaoS" iqlaldkï BIdj fl<jr we;af;a nyq werUqu (Multi-

start) iys; bial=remamq fmdgls¡ fmdiam¾ f,dalvj,ska fyda jdfkaj,ska idod

we;s uqßÉÑfha we;=<; we;s bial=remamq fmdg uÕska uqßÉÑh bial=remamqjg

iïnkaO ù we;¡ ,U ndyq BIdjg iïnkaO meoaÿï w; (Rocker Arm)

fl<jfrys we;s weKh uqßÉÑfha ilia lr we;s isÿrg jefÜ¡ fï ksid

uqßÉÑhg lrleùug wjldY ke;s fõ¡

iqlaldkï frdaoh lrljk úg iqlaldkï BIdj lrleù bial=remamq fmdg

lrlefjk w;r uqßÉÑhg lrleùug fkdyels neúka uqßÉÑh fmdg osf.a

.uka lrhs¡ fuúg uqßÉÑhg iïnkaOj we;s weKh fya;=fjka meoaÿï w;

p,s; jk w;r ta wkqj ,U ndyq BIdj lrleù ,U ndyq BIdj lrleù ,U

ndyqj meoaoSfuka o~qj, wdOdrfhka frdao yerùu isÿ fõ¡


6

.evú,d yd frda,r j¾.h (Worm and Roller Type)

my; rEm igyfka oelafjkafka fuu j¾.fha iqlaldkï fmÜáhls¡

iqlaldkï BIdj fl<jr we;s .evú,d yd iïnkaO jk ,U ndyq BIdjg

iúlr we;s frda,rh (Roller) fya;=fjka iqlaldkï BIdj lrljk úg ,U

ndyq BIdj p,kh ù ,U ndyqfõ wjYH p,s;h we;s lrhs¡

m%;sixirK .=,d j¾.h (Re-circulating Ball Type)

kùk jdykj, jeä jYfhka olakg ,efnk iqlaldkï fmÜá j¾.h jkqfha

fuu j¾.h hs¡

fuu j¾.fha iqlaldkï fmÜáj, iqlaldkï BIdj fl<jr we;s

.evú,d u; úfYaI uqßÉÑhla fjhs¡ fuu .=,d uqßÉÑh we;=<; ilia lr

we;s we,s (Grooves) yd .evú,df.a we,s w;r we;s l=vd .=,d (Balls) fma<shls¡

iqlaldkï BIdj lerflk úg we,s Tiafia .=,d fmr<S ta uÕska .=,d uqßÉÑh

.evú,d osf.a p,kh ùug i,iajhs¡


7

iqlaldkï fmÜáfha iSreudre lsÍï

iEu iqlaldkï fmÜáhlu mdfya iSreudre lsÍï folla i|yd wjldY i,id

we;¡ tkï"

1. iqlaldkï BIdfõ fl<jr nqre, (End Play)

2. .evú,d yd frda,r fyda flakaøsl LKavh fyda w;r we;s wjr .eiau

(Backlash)

fuhg wu;rj iuyr iqlaldkï fmÜáj, ,U ndyq BIdfõ fl<jr

nqre, iSreudre lsÍu i|ydo bv i,id we;¡

iqlaldkï BIdfõ fl<jr nqre, iSreudre lsÍu lrkq ,nkafkaa BIdfõ

fl<jr we;s f;rmqï fnhdßï iSreudre lsÍfuks¡ fï i|yd iuyr

ks¾udKj,oS isú fld< (Shims) fhdod .kakd w;r wfkla wjia:dj, ta i|yd

iSreudre uqßÉÑhla fjhs¡

wjr .eiau iSreudre lsÍu i|yd fjku uqßÉÑhla fõ¡ idudkHfhka

fuu uqßÉÑh msysgqjd we;af;a iqlaldkï fmÜáfha me;s ljrh (Side Cover)

u; h¡

tla tla j¾.j, iqlaldkï fmÜáj, iSreudre lsÍï l< hq;= wdldrh yd

m%udKhka ms<sn|j ta ta ksIamdolhka úiska olajkq ,efí¡ iqlaldkï

fmÜáfhkaa id¾:l ld¾hlaIu;djla ,nd .ekSu i|yd tu iSreudre lsÍï

kshu wdldrfhkau lsÍu jeo.;a fõ¡


8

iqlaaldkï nkaOk o~ q (Steering Linkage)

rEm igyfka olajd we;s nkaOk o~q ieleiaug wu;rj fkdfhla

j¾.j, nkaOk o~q ieliqï jdykj, Ndú; lrkq ,efí¡ my; rEm igyfka

oelafjkafka ;j;a nyq, jYfhka fhdod .kakd ieleiauls¡ bosßmi frdaoj,

we;af;a ksoyia wj,ïnkhla (Independent Suspension) kï" fhdod .kq

,nkafka fujeks o~q ieleiauls¡

fuu ieleiafïoS ,U ndyqj m%;sfhdacl oKavg (Relay Rod) iïnkaO

jkafka .=,d uQÜgqjla (Ball Joint) uÕsks¡ ßhÿrd úiska iqlaldkï frdaoh

lrljk úg" tu lrljk osYdj wkqj ,U ndyqj tl me;a;lg p,s; ù

m%;sfhdacl oKav ;,a¨ lrhs¡ WodyrK jYfhka" jdykh ol=Kq osYdjg

yerùu i|yd iqlaldkï frdaoh ol=Kq foig lrlejQ úg" ta wkqj ,U ndyqj

jï me;a;g p,s; ù m%;sfhdacl oKav tu osYdjg woS¡ fuúg m%;sfhdacl

oKavg .=,d uQÜgq u.ska iïnkaO lr we;s wEÿï o~q folska jï me;af;a we;s

oKav u.ska iqlaldkï w; ;,a¨ lr tu frdaoh ol=Kq osYdjg yrjhs¡ ta


9

iu.u ol=Kqmi we;s oKav u.ska iqlaldkï w; weoSfuka tu frdaoh ol=Kq

osYdjg yrjhs¡

m%;sfhdacl oKafvys ,U ndyqjg iïnkaO fkdjk fl<jr" jdykfha

rduqjg iújk wlï w; (Idle Arm) iuÕ .=,d uQÜgqjlska iïnkaO lsÍfuka

r|jd we;¡ fuu wlï w; ,U ndyqjg iudka;r fõ¡

my; rEm igyfka oelafjk f,i" wEÿï o~q iqlaldkï w;aj,g iú

jkafkao .=,d uQÜgq u.sks¡ frdaoj, we;=,a we,h ieliSu i|yd wEÿï o~qj,

os. fjkia lsÍu ms‚i ú,a,lska yd l,ïm follska hqla; iSreudrejla tla

tla wEÿï oKafâ fjhs¡ l,ïm nqre,alr ú,a, lrleùfuka wjYH m%udKh

wkqj wEÿï oKafâ os. fjkia lr.; yels fõ¡


10

.=,d uQÜgq (Ball Joints)

iqlaldkï nkaOk o~q moaO;sj, .=,d uQÜgq nyq, jYfhka Ndú; lrkq

,efí¡ .=,d uQÜgqjla u.ska iEu osYdjgu yerúh yels uQÜgqjla ,nd .ekSug

yels fõ¡ my; rEm igyfka oelafjkafka .=,d uQÜgqjl yrialvls¡

.=,d uQÜgqjla u.ska o~q folla iïnkaO lsÍfïoS" tla oKavla uQÜgqfõ

ksfjiakdjg iújk w;r wfkla oKav .=,d weKhg iú fõ¡ .=,d weKfha

we;s fÜmr yevhg iß,k f,i oKafvyso isÿr fÜmr yevhg ksulr we;¡

fï ksid oKav .=,d weKhg iúlr wg¨ uqßÉÑh ;ol< úg" oKav yd .=,d

weKh w;r fyd| iïnkaOhla we;s fõ¡ .=,d weKh khsf,daka fnhdßu u;

p,s; ùfuka iEu osYdjlgu yerúh yels iïnkaOh we;s lrhs¡

iuyr .=,d uQÜgq" úfYaIfhka kùk l=vd jdykj, Ndú; lrk .=,d

uQÜgq iajhx iafkayk j¾.hg (Self – Lubricating Type) wh;a fõ¡ tkï tajd

ksIamdokh lsÍfïoSu uQÜgqfõ Ôú; ld,hgu wjYH iafkaykh ,ndoSu i|yd

úfYaI iafkayl thg fhdod we;¡ tfyhska tjeks uQÜgq kej; iafkaykh

lsÍula wjYH fkdjk w;r .%Sia fhoSu i|yd .%Sia mqvqjlao (Grease Nipple)

fkdue;¡ tfy;a iuyr jdykj," úfYaIfhka nr jdykj, fhdod we;s .=,d

uQÜgq iafkaykh lsÍu i|yd .%Sia mqvq fhdod we;¡ fujeks uQÜgq l,ska l,g

.%Sia nghla (Grease Gun) wdOdrfhka iafkaykh l< hq;= fõ¡

.=,d uQÜgq w¿;ajeähd l< fkdyelsh¡ tajd f.ù.sh miq w¿;a uQÜgq

fhosh hq;= fõ¡


11

oe;s ;,õj yd oj frdao j¾.h (Rack and Pinion Type)

oe;s ;,õj yd oj frdao j¾.fha iqlaaldkï moaO;sj, we;s ir,

Ndjh;a" p,s; fldgia wvqùu;a ksid kùk l=vd jdykj, fuu j¾.fha

moaO;s b;d nyq, jYfhka fhdod .efka¡ my; rEm igyfka oelafjkafka

fudag¾ r:hl fhdod we;s Rack and Pinion Type iqlaldkï moaO;shl

ieleiauls¡

ßhÿrd úiska iqlaldkï frdaoh lrlejQ úg" iqlaldkï BIdj lrleù ta

u.ska oj frdaoh lrljhs¡ fuúg oj frdaoh u.ska oe;s ;,õj tla mfilg

p,kh lrk w;r oe;s ;,õfõ fomig iïnkaOj we;s wEªï o~q u.ska

tajdg iïnkaO lr we;s iqlaldkï w;aj, wdOdrfhka iqlaldkï frdaoh

lrljk osYdjg wkqrEm osYdjg frdao yrjhs¡ iqlaldkï frdaoh wfkla mig

lrlejQ úg ta wkqj oe;s ;,õj uq,ska p,ss; jQ osYdjg úreoaO osYdjg p,kh

ù frdao wfkla osYdjg yrjhs¡

iqlaldkï BIdjg fhdod we;s oi; uQÜgq u.ska" iqlaldkï frdaofha lerl=u oj

frdaoh fj; iïfm%aIKh lsÍug WmldÍùug wu;rj mdf¾ r¿ .;sh ksid

we;sjk .eiaiSïo" Yíohkao BIdj osf.a ßhÿrd fj; hdu j<lajhs¡


12

iqlaldkï wkqmd;h (Steering Ratio)

iqlaldkï wkqmd;h hkq “ bosßmi frdao wxYl 1 l m%udKhlska yerùu

i|yd iqlaldkï frdaoh lrleúh hq;= wxYl m%udKh ” fõ¡ WodyrKhla

jYfhka hï jdykhl bosß frdao wxYl 1 lska yerùu i|yd iqlaldkï

frdaoh wxYl 15 la lrleúh hq;= kï" tu jdykfha iqlaldkï wkqmd;h 15:1

ls¡

jdykj, iqlaldkï wkqmd; ta ta jdyk j¾.hg wkqj úYd, f,i

fjkia fõ¡ idudkHfhka l=vd jdykj, th 20:1 la muK jk w;r iuyr nr

jdykj, 33:1 la muK jk iqlaldkï wkqmd; olakg ,efí¡ iqlaldkï

wkqmd;h jeäjk úg ßhÿrd úiska frdao yerùu i|yd iqlaldkï frdaoh u;

fhosh hq;= wdhdih wvqjk neúka jdykh yrjd .ekSu myiq fõ¡ tfy;a fuu

wjia:dfõoS frdaoh hïlsis m%udKhlska yerùu i|yd iqlaldkï frdaoh

lrleúh hq;= m%udKh jeä neúka frdao blaukska yrjd .ekSug wmyiq fõ¡

,U ndyq j¾.fhaoS iqlaldkï wkqmd;h r|d mj;sk idOl folla fõ¡

tkï iqlaldkï fmÜáfha .shr wkqmd;h yd iqlaldkï o~qj, ,SSjr l%shdj

ksid we;sjk hdka;s%l jdishhs¡ .shr wkqmd;h r|d iqlaldkï fmÜáh ;=<

we;s ta ta .shrj, oe;s ixLHdjka u; jk w;r hdka;%sl jdish ,U ndyqfõ

os. yd iqlaldkï wf;a os. u; r|d mj;S¡

oe;s ;,õj yd oj frdao j¾.fha iqlaldkï wkqmd;h uQ,sl jYfhka

r|d mj;skafka oj frdaofha úIalïNh u; h¡ úIalïNh wvq l< úg ta wkqj

iqlaldkï wkqmd;h jeä fõ¡ tfy;a oj frdaofha úIalïNh wvq l< yels

wju iSudjla fjhs¡ fï ksid oe;s ;,õj yd oj j¾.fhka we;s lr .; yels

iqlaldkï wkqmd;ho iSudiys; fõ¡ fuh idudkHfhka 12:1 isg 22:1 muK

olajd fjhs¡

iuyr kùk oe;s ;,õj yd oj frdao j¾.fha iqlaldkï moaO;s úp,H

iqlaldkï wkqmd;hlska (Variable Steering Ratio) hqla; fõ¡ fuysoS" jdykfha

frdao yefrk fldaKh jeä jk úg" iqlaldkï wkqmd;h o jeä jk f,i oe;s

;,õj yd oj frdaoh ks¾udKh lr we;¡ fï ksid jdykh .d,a lsÍu

(Parking) jeks frdao jeä fldaKhlska yrjd jdykh fiñka Odjkh lsÍug

isÿ jk wjia:dj, ßhÿrdg myiqjla we;s lrhs¡


13

n, iydhl iqlaldkï moaO;s (Power Assisted Steering Systems)

by;ska úia;r lrk ,oafoa ßhÿrd úiska fhdok wdhdifhka muKla

l%shd lrk iqlaldkï moaO;Skaj, (Manual Steering Systems) ks¾udKh;a"

l%shdldß;ajh;a ms<sn|jh¡ tfy;a jdykj, nr jeä ùu ksid;a" jvd m<,

ghr jdykj,g fhoSug mgka .ekSu ksid;a jdykh yrjd .ekSug jeä

wdhdihla fhoSug ßhÿrdg isÿ fõ¡

fuu wjdish uÕ yrjd .ekSu i|yd iqlaldkï wkqmd;h jeä l< yels

jqjo" ta iuÕu frdao hï m%udKhlska yerùu i|yd iqlaldkï frdaoh jeä

m%udKhlska yerùug ßhÿrdg isÿùu ksid kej;;a wjdisodhl ;;a;ajhla

we;s fõ¡

fuu wjdisodhl ;;a;ajfhka uÕ yrjd" jdykh yerùfïoS ßhÿrdg

myiqjla we;s lrùu i|yd fndfyda kùk jdykj, n, iydhl iqlaldkï

moaO; s fhdod we;¡

n, iydhl

iqlaldkï moaO;shl o"

uQ,sl jYfhka idudkH

iqlaldkï moaO;shl

olakg ,efnk iqlaldkï

BIdj" iqlaldkï .shr yd

iqlaldkï o~q hkdosh

we;=<;ah¡ fïjdg wu;rj

ßhÿrdg iydh ùu i|yd

n, is,skavrhlska (Power

Cylinder) hq;a n,

moaO;shlao" n, iqlaldkï moaO;shg wh;a fõ¡ jdykj, iïmSä; jd;h"

úÿ,sh fyda øj mSvkh Wmfhda.S lrf.k l%shd lrk n, moaO;s olakg ,efí¡

tfy;a kùk jdykj, jeä jYfhka we;af;a øj mSvkh (Hydraulic Pressure)

Wmfhda.S lr .kakd n, moaO;Ska h¡

øj mSvkh Wmfhda.S lr f.k l%shd lrk n, iydhl iqlaldkï moaO;shl

n, moaO;shg wh;a m%Odk fldgia jkafka" f;,a gexlsh (Reservoir)" f;,a

fmdïmh" md,k jE,ajh (Control Valve)" n, is,skavrh (Power Cylinder) yd

f;,a .,d hk k< (Hoses) hs¡


14

n, iydhl iqlaldkï moaO;shl uQ,sl ls%hdldß;ajh

f;,a fmdïmh tkaðfuka osfjk máhla u.ska ls%hd lrjk w;r" tys

ld¾hh jkqfha f;,a mSvkhg m;alr md,k jE,ajhg iemhSuh¡ ßhÿrd úiska

iqlaldkï frdaoh wjYH osYdjg lrlejQ úg" md,k jE,ajh u.ska n,

is,skavrfha kshñ; mSvk l=àrh fj; mSvkh jQ f;,a .,d hdug i,iajhs¡

jE,ajh iqlaldkï moaO;shg iïnkaO lr we;af;a ßhÿrd fhdok wdhdifha

m%udKh;a" iqlaldkï frdaoh lrljk osYdj;a thg oefkk f,ih¡ fï ksid"

kshñ; fõ,djg jE,ajhka weÍ fmdïmfha isg n, is,skavrhg mSvkh jQ f;,a

.,d hhs¡

n, is,skavrh uQ,sl jYfhka iukaú; jkafka" is,skavrhlska yd th

;=< we;s msiagkhlsks¡ msiagkhg iïnkaO oKav" oe;s ;,õjg iú lr we;¡

fï ksid msiagkh hï osYdjlg p,s; jk úg" msiagk oKav u.ska oe;s ;,õj

o tu osYdjg p,s; lrhs¡

msiagkfha fomiu mSvk l=àr (Pressure Chambers) ilia lr we;¡ fuu

l=àr k< u.ska md,k jE,ajhg iïnkaO fõ¡

frdao yerùu i|yd ßhÿrd úiska iqlaldkï frdaoh lrlejQ úg md,k

jE,ajh u.ska" mSvkhg m;aj we;s øjh wod< mSvk l=àrhg .,d taug

i,iajk w;r wfkla l=àrh f;,a gexlshg iïnkaO lrhs¡ fuúg l=àr


15

foflys mj;sk mSvk fjki fya;=fjka mSvkh wvq l=àrh foig msiagkh

p,s; fõ¡ fï fya;=fjka msiagk oKav o p,s; ù" oe;s ;,õj ta foig p,s;

lrñka frdao yrjhs¡

WodyrKhla f,i" frdao jïmig yerùu i|yd ßhÿre úiska iqlaldkï

frdaoh lrlejqfõ hhs is;uq¡ fuúg md,k jE,ajh u.ska jïmi mSvk l=àrh

fmdïmfhka tk ud¾.hg iïnkaO lrk w;r ol=Kqmi mSvk l=àrh f;,a

gexlsfhka tk ud¾.h yd hd lrhs¡ fuúg jïmi mSvk l=àrfha mSvkh jeä

jk neúka" msiagkh ol=Kq osYdjg p,s; ù frdao jïmig yrjhs¡

frdao ol=Kqmig yerùug iqlaldku ls%hdlrjQ úg" fmdïmfhka tk

ud¾.h ol=Kqmi mSvk l=àrh o" gexlsfhka tk ud¾.h jïmi mSvk l=àrhg

o" md,k jE,ajh u.ska iïnkaO lrhs¡ fuúg msiagkh jï osYdjg p,s; ù

frdao ol=Kq osYdjg yrjhs¡

fuf,i ßhÿrd úiska jug fyda ol=Kg iqlaldkï frdaoh lrljk úg

ta wkqj kshñ; l=àrhg mSvkh jQ øjh heùu md,k jE,ajh u.ska isÿ lrkq

,nhs¡ ta wkqj bosßmi frdao kshñ; osYdjg yeÍu isÿ fõ¡

n, iydhl iqlaldkï moaO;s i|yd o idudkHfhka Ndú; lrkqfha

iajhxl%Sh iïfm%aIK i|yd fhdokq ,nk f;,a j¾.hu fõ¡

n, iydhl iqlaldkï moaO;shla l%shd lsÍfïoS frdao yerùu i|yd

wjYH n,fhka jeä m%udKhla imhkafka n, moaO;sh u.sks¡ tfy;a hï

fya;=jla ksid n, moaO;sh wl%sh jqjfyd;a" ßhÿrd úiska fhdok n,fhka

muKla jqjo jdykh yerùu l< yels fõ¡ tfy;a fuu wjia:dfõoS ßhÿrd

yg jeä wdhdihla fhoSug isÿ fõ¡


16

“wel¾uka ” uQ<O¾uh (Ackerman Principle)

jdykhla jx.=jl Odjkh lsÍfïoS" tys ghr ,siaid hdfuka je<elaùug

kï bosß frdao .uka .kakd pdmhkaf.a o" miqmi frdao .uka .kakd

pdmhkaf.a o flakaø fmdÿ ,laIHhla úh hq;=h¡ w;S;fha Ndú; lrk ,o wYaj

lr;a;j, fuu ;;a;ajh we;s lr .kakd ,oafoa bosß wlaI oKav (Front Axle)

tys uOH ,laIHfhka új¾;kh lsÍfuks¡ tfy;a fudag¾ jdykj, oS fuf,i

bosß wlaI oKav új¾;kh lsÍu m%dfhda.sl jYfhka l< fkdyels fohls¡

jdykj, bosß frdao fjk fjku yeÍug ilia lr we;af;a rc weK

(King Pin) fyda .=,d uQÜgq jgdh¡ fï ksid jdykh jx.=jl Odjkfha oS fmdÿ

,laIHhla flakaø fldg we;s pdmj, frdao ish,a, Odjkh lrùu i|yd"

jx.=j ;=<g we;s bosß frdaoh jx.=fjka msg;g we;s bosß frdaohg jvd iaj,am

jYfhka jeäjQ fldaKhlska yeßh hq;=h¡ fuu uQ<O¾uh “wel¾uka uQ<O¾uh”

f,i o" ta i|yd fhdod .kakd ieleiau “wel¾uka ieleiau” (Ackerman

Layout) f,i o ye|skafõ¡

wel¾uka ieleiafïoS" iqlaldkï w;a ilia lr we;af;a tlsfklg

iudka;rj fkdj jdykfha uOH f¾Ldjg (Center Line) wdk;j isák f,ih¡

tkï flá wlaI oKav (Stub Axle) yd iqlaldkï w; hd jk ,laIHh yd

iqlaldkï w; yd wEªï oKav hd flfrk .=,d uQÜgqj yryd w|skq ,nk f¾Ld


17

jdyk uOH f¾Ldj u; wdka;rhg wdikakfhka iuÉfþo jk f,ih¡ fï ksid

frdao yerùfïoS" jx.=fõ we;=¿ foig we;s frdaoh msg; foig we;s frdaohg

jvd jeä fldaKhlska yef¾¡

jdykh jx.=j, OdjkfhaoS we;sjk ghr we;s,a,Su wel¾uka ieleiau

u.ska fndfyda ÿrg uÕ yrjd .; yels fõ¡ tfy;a fujeks ieleiauloS jqjo"

kshudldrfhkau frdao ish,a,u fmdÿ flakaøhla iys; pdmj, .uka lsÍu isÿ

jkqfha frdao ol=Kq osYdjg yerùfïoS tla wjia:djl yd jï osYdjg

yerùfïoS tla wjia:djl mu‚¡


18

iqlaldkï .shr fmÜáhl w¿;ajeähdjg wod< uQ,sl lreKq

.shr fmÜáh fldgiaj,g .e,ùug fmr ndysrj fyd|ska fidaod msßisÿ

lr .kak¡ bkamiq f;,a msrjqï wenh (Filler Plug) .,jd .shr fmÜáh

;=< we;s f;,a bj;a l< hq;=h¡

.evú,s .shrh ;sriaj isák f,i .shr fmÜáh o~q w~qjla u; iú

lr me;s ljrh iú ù we;s weK .e,úh hq;=h¡

me;s ljrh iuÕu ,U ndyq BIdj .,jd bj;g .; hq;=h¡ BIdj

.e,ùfïoS f;,a uqødjg fyda wfkl=;a fldgiaj,g ydks fkdjk f,ig

j. n,d .; hq;=h¡

w.= uqßÉÑh nqre,a lr .=,d uqßÉÑh yd fnhdßu iuÕu .evú,s

tl,i bj;g .; hq;=h¡ .=,d uqßÉÑh .evú,s .shrfhka bj;g

fkd.; hq;=h¡

mÍlaId lsÍug fmr ish¨ fldgia fyd|ska fidaod msßisÿ l< hq;=h¡


19

,U ndyq BIdfõ .shr oe;s f.ù" leã fyda me,S we;soehs mÍlaId l<

hq;=h¡ tfukau BIdfõ odr leã fyda weoù we;soehs mÍlaId l< hq;=h¡

tfia ù we;skï w¿;a ,U ndyq BIdjla fhosh hq;=h¡

.shr ksfjiakdfõ ;;a;ajh o mÍlaId l< hq;=h¡

.=,d uqßÉÑfha .shr oe;s f.ù" leã fyda me,S we;soehs mÍlaId l<

hq;=h¡ tfia ù we;akï w¿;ska fhosh hq;=h¡

.=,d uqßÉÑh .evú,s .shrh u; iqugj p,s; úh hq;=h¡ th fufia

mÍlaId l< yel¡

.=,d uqßÉÑh .evú,s .shrfha tla fl<jrlg f.k tkak¡ bkamiq

.evú,s .shrh l%ufhka fl<ska lrkak¡ fuúg .=,d uqßÉÑh tys

nr hgf;a iqugj my<g p,s; úh hq;=h¡ tfia .=,d uqßÉÑh my<g

fkdtkafka kï" .=,d uqßÉÑ .evú,s tl,i w¿;ska fhosh hq;=h¡

fnhdßï f.ù we;soehs mÍlaId l< hq;=h¡ f.ù we;akï w¿;ska fhosh

hq;=h¡ f;,a uqød .e,ùula isÿ l<fyd;a tajd w¿;ska fhosh hq;=h¡

fldgia kej; tl,ia lsÍug fmr" tu fldgia .shr f;,aj,ska fyd|ska

iafkaykh lsÍug j.n,d .; hq;=h¡ f;,a uqødj, “iS,ska ,smaia”

(Sealing Lips) w;r .%Siaj,ska msrúh hq;=h¡

.=,d uqßÉÑ .evú,s .shr tl,i kej; ksfjiakdjg tl,ia l< hq;=h¡


20

fgdala frkaÑhl yd iSreudre wen frkaÑh (Adjusting Plug Wrench)

Ndú;fhka yd iSreudre wenh wdOdrfhka .evú,s fnhdßï fmr Ndrh

(Worm Bearing Preload) ksIamdolhka ks¾foaY lr we;s m%udKhg

ielish hq;=h¡

iSreudre wenh fkdlrlefjk fia w,a,d f.k w.= uqßÉÑh ;o l<

hq;=h¡

,U ndyq BIdfõ fl<jr nqre, (Drop Arm Shaft End Play) iam¾Il

wdudk uek n,kak¡ ks¾foaYs; m%udKhg fkdue;s kï wjYH m%udKfha

isú fld< fhdod ielish hq;=h¡

,U ndyq BId f;,a uqødj iú lrkak¡ me;s ljrh ,U ndyq BIdjg iú

lrkak¡ me;s ljrh iys; ,U ndyq BIdj .Eialgh iys;j

ksfjiakdjg tl,ia lr weK ;o l< hq;=h¡

.shr fmÜáh ;=<g ks¾foaYs; .shr f;,a msrúh hq;=h¡

iqlaldkï .shr fmr Ndrh (Steering Gear Total Preload) ,efnk ;=re

iSreudre bial=remamqj ielish hq;=h¡

automobile steering system how it works sinhala

Automotive