automatic synch of gen
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B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Automatic Synchronizing of
Generators
Automatic Synchronizing of
Generators
Theory and ApplicationTheory and Application
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Synchronizing
An attempt to connect two alternating currents (ac) machines or systems with the following restrictions:
– Frequency difference (∆F)
– Voltage difference (∆V)
– Phase angle difference (∆Ø)
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Typical Sine Wave
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Line or Source Voltage
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin Φ
VA
VBVC
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 0º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 0º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 40º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 40º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 80º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 80º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 120º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 120º
VA
VBVC VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 160º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 160º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 200º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 200º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 240º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 240º
VA
VBVCVA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 280º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 280º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Phase at 320º
P = ES EQ---------------------------------------------------------------
XS XQsin 320º
VA
VBVC
VA
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Waveform Data
Synchronizing of 5-AT-Generator
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Waveform Data
Synchronizing of 6 Generator at Avon
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Typical Scheme
Synchronizing a Generator Breaker
25A = Auto Synchronizing Relay25SC = Sync-Check Relay52 = Generator BreakerCC = Close Coil
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Schematic of a Model System
Source: IEEE Technical Paper ABC-117-2
Torsional Mechanical System Generator
Excitation
Transmission Transformer
LargeSystem
LoadCoupling
QuillShaft
3,600 rpm5,100 rpm
IaIb
Ic
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Synchronizing Procedure
Steps:
1. Speed and voltage matching
2. Phase angle matching
3. Send close command
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I CTypical Synchronizing
Scheme
Generator Synchronizing
CC
-DC
+DC
Sync. Selector
AutomaticSync.
Auto Synchronizer(M-0193)
Synchronism Check(M-0188)
52b
Breaker Close Coil
Manual Sync.
Control Switch
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Speed Matching
Results From Using ConventionalPulse Frequency Modulation Matching Method
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Speed Matching
Using Proportional Pulse-WidthModulation Method
TBP TBP TBP
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I CTypical Synchronizing
Scheme
Operator-Assisted Automatic Synchronizing
CC
-DC
+DC
Sync Selector Switch
AutoSynchronizer
Synch-CheckRelay
52b
Breaker Close Coil
Breaker Control Switch(Operator)
Enable Sync(M-0193)
(M-0188)
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Automatic Synchronizing
• System Sync-Check Relaying• There is a “static” angle across the
circuit breaker• Used to close the circuit breaker on a
power system for:– automatic reclosing after a fault– supervises SCADA closing– supervise manual closing
52
25
Bus
Line
VT
+DC
-DC
CC
25
52
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
Syncrocloser®
Interconnections
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I CSynchronizing, Sync-Check
Relays and Generator Control Features
Model No.
Device No.
Automatic Synchronizer
Generator Control
Sync-Check Relay
Phase Angle Limit
Time Limit
Voltage Verification
Voltage Difference (∆V)
Frequency Difference (∆F)
Dead Line/Bus Closing
19” Rack Mount
S1/FT-21 Style Case
Vertical Mount
GES Retrofit
GTL Retrofit
M-0193
25A
√
—
—
—
—
—
√
√
—
√
—
*
*
—
M-0194
15/16
—
√
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
√
—
*
—
*
M-0188
25
—
—
√
√
√
*
*
—
*
√
—
*
—
—
M-0388
25
—
—
√
√
√
*
—
—
*
—
√
—
—
—
M-0245†
25
—
—
√
√
—
√
—
—
—
√
—
*
—
—
M-0359
25
—
—
√
—
—
√
√
√
—
√
—
*
—
—
M-0390
25
—
—
√
√
√
√
—
√
—
—
√
—
—
—
√ Standard * Optional — Not Available† High Speed Sync-Check relay verifies Phase Angle within one cycle
B E C K W I T H E L E C T R I C
THE END