automatic phase changer

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CIRCUIT IDEAS ELECTRONICS FOR YOU • JULY 2007 93 WWW.EFYMAG.COM The mains power supply phase R is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver 12V, 300 mA, which is recti- fied by diode D1 and filtered by ca- pacitor C1 to produce the operating voltage for the operational amplifier (IC1). The voltage at inverting pin 2 of oprational amplifier IC1 is taken from the voltage divider circuit of resistor R1 and preset resistor VR1. VR1 is used to set the reference voltage according to the requirement. The reference volt- age at non-inverting pin 3 is fixed to 5.1V through zener diode ZD1. Till the supply voltage available in phase R is in the range of 200V-230V, the voltage at inverting pin 2 of IC1 remains high, i.e., more than reference voltage of 5.1V, and its output pin 6 also remains high. As a result, transis- tor T1 does not conduct, relay RL1 re- mains de-energised and phase ‘R’ sup- plies power to load L1 via normally- closed (N/C) contact of relay RL1. As soon as phase-R voltage goes below 200V, the voltage at inverting pin 2 of IC1 goes below reference volt- age of 5.1V, and its output goes low. As a result, transistor T1 conducts and relay RL1 energises and load L1 is disconnected from phase ‘R’ and connected to phase ‘Y’ through relay RL2. Similarly, the auto phase-change of the remaining two phases, viz, phase ‘Y’ and phase ‘B,’ can be explained. Switch S1 is mains power ‘on’/’off’ switch. Use relay contacts of proper rating and fuses should be able to take-on the load when transferred from other phases. While wiring, assembly and in- stallation of the circuit, make sure that you: 1. Use good-quality, multi-strand insulated copper wire suitable for your MUHAMMAD AJMAL P. AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGER S.C. DWIVEDI I n three-phase applications, if low voltage is available in any one or two phases, and you want your equipment to work on normal voltage, this circuit will solve your problem. However, a proper-rating fuse needs to be used in the input lines (R, Y and B) of each phase. The circuit provides correct voltage in the same power sup- ply lines through relays from the other phase where correct voltage is avail- able. Using it you can operate all your equipment even when correct voltage is available on a single phase in the building. The circuit is built around a trans- former, comparator, transistor and re- lay. Three identical sets of this circuit, one each for three phases, are used. Let us now consider the working of the circuit connecting red cable (call it ‘R’ phase).

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Page 1: Automatic Phase Changer

CIRCUIT

IDEAS

E L E C T R O N I C S F O R Y O U • J U L Y 2 0 0 7 • 9 3W W W . E F Y M A G . C O M

The mains power supply phase Ris stepped down by transformer X1 todeliver 12V, 300 mA, which is recti-fied by diode D1 and filtered by ca-pacitor C1 to produce the operatingvoltage for the operational amplifier(IC1). The voltage at inverting pin 2 ofoprational amplifier IC1 is taken fromthe voltage divider circuit of resistorR1 and preset resistor VR1. VR1 is usedto set the reference voltage accordingto the requirement. The reference volt-age at non-inverting pin 3 is fixed to5.1V through zener diode ZD1.

Till the supply voltage available inphase R is in the range of 200V-230V,

the voltage at inverting pin 2 of IC1remains high, i.e., more than referencevoltage of 5.1V, and its output pin 6also remains high. As a result, transis-tor T1 does not conduct, relay RL1 re-mains de-energised and phase ‘R’ sup-plies power to load L1 via normally-closed (N/C) contact of relay RL1.

As soon as phase-R voltage goesbelow 200V, the voltage at invertingpin 2 of IC1 goes below reference volt-age of 5.1V, and its output goes low.As a result, transistor T1 conducts andrelay RL1 energises and load L1 isdisconnected from phase ‘R’ andconnected to phase ‘Y’ through relayRL2.

Similarly, the auto phase-change ofthe remaining two phases, viz, phase‘Y’ and phase ‘B,’ can be explained.Switch S1 is mains power ‘on’/’off’switch.

Use relay contacts of proper ratingand fuses should be able to take-onthe load when transferred from otherphases. While wiring, assembly and in-stallation of the circuit, make sure thatyou:

1. Use good-quality, multi-strandinsulated copper wire suitable for your

� MUHAMMAD AJMAL P.

AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGERS.C.

DWIVEDI

In three-phase applications, if lowvoltage is available in any one ortwo phases, and you want your

equipment to work on normal voltage,this circuit will solve your problem.However, a proper-rating fuse needsto be used in the input lines (R, Y andB) of each phase. The circuit providescorrect voltage in the same power sup-ply lines through relays from the otherphase where correct voltage is avail-able. Using it you can operate all yourequipment even when correct voltageis available on a single phase in the

building.The circuit is built around a trans-

former, comparator, transistor and re-lay. Three identical sets of this circuit,one each for three phases, are used.Let us now consider the working ofthe circuit connecting red cable (call it‘R’ phase).

Page 2: Automatic Phase Changer

CIRCUIT

IDEAS

9 4 • J U L Y 2 0 0 7 • E L E C T R O N I C S F O R Y O U W W W . E F Y M A G . C O M

current requirement.2. Use good-quality relays with

proper contact and current rating.3. Mount the transformer(s) and re-

lays on a suitable cabinet. Use a TagBlock (TB) for incoming/outgoing con-

nections from mains.EFY Note: 1. During testing in the

lab, we used a 12V, 200-ohm, single-phase changeover relay with 6A cur-rent rating. Similarly, ampere-ratedfuses were used.

2. If the input voltage is low in twophases, loads L1 and L2 may also beconnected to the third phase. In thatsituation, a high-rating fuse will be re-quired at the input of the third phasewhich is taking the total load. �