Automatic Collision Control SystemNetaji Subhash Engineering College

3rd Year/Electronics and Communication Engineering

Group Member Details:

Name Class Roll University Roll

Sankhadeep Rakshit 125 10900314129Jakir Hossain Molla 40 10900313040

Subrata Bairagi 126 10900314133Sudipto Ghosh 124 10900314134

Deepjyoti Saha 120 10900314119

Overview:Topic Page No.

Acknowledgement 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Motivation 4 Procedure 5-

9 Component Details 5 Circuit Diagram 6 Arduino Code 7-9

Result & Analysis 10

Conclusion 11

Future Scope 12

References 13

AcknowledgementWe extend our sincere gratitude towards Mr. Joy Dutta and Mr. Ujjal Sengupta for giving us thein invaluable knowledge and wonderful technical guidance.We express our thanks to all our faculty members of the Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering of our College for their endless help and support.

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Introduction

The objective of our project is to prevent the railway accidents by using Microcontroller based collision control system. As we know railway is a life line of India and it’s being the cheapest mode of transportation are preferred over all other means of transportation. When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many accidents in railroad railings. Rail road related accidents are more dangerous than other transportation accidents in terms of severity and death rate etc. therefore more efforts are necessary for improving safety. Collisions with train are generally catastrophic, in that the destructive forces of a train usually no match for any other type of vehicle. Train collisions from a major catastrophe. As they cause severe damage to life and property. Train collisions occur frequently eluding all the latest technology. The name of our project is Automatic Collision Control System, because it’s made by using Arduino and Ultra Sonic Range Finderto prevent the collisions that occur in Railway track.

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Related WorksIn this project we made a device named Automatic Collision Control System. We made this device by using an Arduino Uno and

an Ultrasonic Range Finder and it is mainly designed for preventing trains collisions only. In this project we also used an alarm system which will make the train passengers and others alert before the collision. In our prototype when the train comes within the 20cm of the obstruction the alarm goes ON and when the distance between the train and the obstruction in less than 10cm the train engine will be turned OFF. When the obstruction will be moved the train will start automatically.

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MotivationThe project is designed to build an obstacle avoidance vehicle using ultrasonic sensors for its movement. An Arduino Uno is used to achieve the desired operation. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle ahead of it and sends a command to the Arduino.

Every year in India, around 40000 accident occurs. It’s a matter of huge life-loss as well as financial loss. We can reduce this upto 60% using this technique.

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ProcedureComponents:Sl. No. Name of the Components Specification

1 Arduino Uno 2 Ultrasonic Rage Sensor HC SR-04 3 Diode 1N4001 4 Transistor BC337 5 Resistor 330 ohm

6 Battery Operated Train 3V 7 LED 3V 8 Battery 9V

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Circuit Diagram:

6Arduino Code:/*

HC-SR04 Ping distance sensor: VCC to arduino 5v GND to arduino GND Echo to Arduino pin 7 Trig to Arduino pin 8 */#define echoPin 7 // Echo Pin#define trigPin 8 // Trigger Pin#define servoPin 2 // Onboard Servo#define buzzerPin 4 // Onboard Buzzerint maximumRange = 30; // Maximum range neededint minimumRange = 10; // Minimum range neededlong duration, distance; // Duration used to calculate distancevoid setup() { Serial.begin (9600); pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); pinMode(servoPin, OUTPUT); // Use Servo Motor pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); // Use Buzzer}void loop() { 7/* The following trigPin/echoPin cycle is used to determine the distance of the nearest object by bouncing soundwaves off of it. */ digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); //Calculate the distance (in cm) based on the speed of sound. distance = duration/58.2; if (distance <= maximumRange){ /* Send a negative number to computer and Turn Buzzer ON to indicate "out of range" */ digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH); } else { /* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and turn Buzzer OFF to indicate successful reading. */ digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW); } if (distance <= minimumRange){ /* Send a negative number to computer and Turn Servo OFF to indicate "out of range" */ digitalWrite(servoPin, LOW); 8 }

else { /* Send the distance to the computer using Serial protocol, and turn Servo ON to indicate successful reading. */ digitalWrite(servoPin, HIGH); //Delay 50ms before next reading. delay(50);}}

9Result & AnalysisWe made the circuit and connected a 9v supply from a battery to the Vin of the Arduino board. We uploaded the code via USB.Now when an obstacle comes within 20cm of the train, the echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor is high and its gives 5v input to the Arduino

UNO board. The LED turns ON to alert. When the obstacle is within 10cm, the pin2 of Arduino board does not give any output and the motor of the train stops working. When we remove the obstacle the pin2 is again high and the motor is given 3.3v from the Arduino board, so the train will starts moving.

10ConclusionAfter a long discuss between all group members we have decided this topic as our project, because it has practical life benefits and the idea is innovative. At the time of doing this project we face some minor and common problems like, transistor burn, errors in coding, faults in circuit etc. But finally we together overcome all the problems and completed the project successfully and the device is also running nearly accurately as we expected.

11Future ScopeWe made this device for trains only, but it is true that the accident occurs on roads more than tracks. So it will be also very useful device if it can be used in personal vehicles like cars and public vehicles like bus etc. But before doing this we have to make some minor changes in it like it should be handier and compact, and it should be used on each and every car. Otherwise this whole project will not be 100% successful.

12ReferencesWebsites:1. http://www.instructable.com2. http://www.arduino.cc3. http://www.youtube.com

Books:1. Beginning Arduino By Michel McRobert

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