automated monitoring systems mss mdspe fall conference

Automated Monitoring Systems

MSS MDSPE Fall Conference

Craig Williams, PS

Leica Monitoring Solution

Content

1. Overview

2. Different technologies used

3. Software

4. Example projects

5. Scanning for deformation

6. Vertical alignment

7. Project photos


Overview

What is deformation monitoring?

Deformation monitoring is the

systematic measurement of objects

or natural events

Geodetic and geotechnical sensors

deliver various observations,

combining sensors

Deformation analysis

Generate information for the experts

(Surveyors do this every day)

External Links:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_Monitoring

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Deformation_Monitoring_System

Sunshine Skyway Bridge - FDOT

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_Monitoring

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Deformation_Monitoring_System


Overview

When is monitoring required?

Potential problem

Construction creates instability

Long-term deformation

Safety of public and workers

Erosion (extended life time)

Climate changes

Aging infrastructure


Overview

Why automate the system?

Safety

Reduce risk

Real time information

Ability to respond rather than

react

Save our clients money on short

term or long term projects

A new “niche”


Overview

Reduce risk! We want to avoid this.

Monitoring projects and technologies

Examples and what do we ask?

What are we monitoring?

What is the amount of movement we are looking for? 1.0’ or .001’

What type of movement are we looking for? 1d, 2d, 3d?

Frequency or measurements?

Amount of points to be monitored?

Real Time or post processed?

Are alerts required and at what level?

Things to consider as we go forward.

The surveying and monitoring workhorse

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Automated Monitoring Systems

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Leica Nova TM50 Monitoring Sensor

A true monitoring sensor

Structural Requirements

• Improve structural rigidity

Gravity feed casting methods to allow casing

material to crystallize in a more uniform manner

• Increase Size and Weight

15% increase in circle diameter allows larger

circles to be used for greater accuracy 0.5”

• Long Range Automatic Targeting

ATR range 9842.499’ (3000 M) ability to

center and track a prism very far away.

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ATR at work..

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ATR long range

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Leica TM50 Monitoring Sensor

This is what it looked like.

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Robotic monitoring hardware components

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•Monitoring Hardware• Robotic Total Stations (RTS)

• Control Prisms

• Monitoring Prisms

• RTS enclosure & Power or Solar Power

• Radio Telemetry or

• Internet connection

• Monitoring Software• GeoMoS

Additional Components of

an automated system

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Example set up

Robotic Total Station on pedestal

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AMTS example pedestal

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AMTS controlling the instrument

Instruments inside the area of potential deformation

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AMTS – Example monitoring pedestal

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• 900Mhz Spread Spectrum radios

• At each RTS location broadcasting to repeater

• Master radio connected to T1 LAN line

AMTS – Example telemetry system

Radio Communication

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AMTS - Example enclosures

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AMTS – Example project -San Pablo Dam

Instrumentation Plan

Control

Point(s)

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AMTS – Example project - San Pablo Dam

Instrumentation Plan

Monitoring Point(s)

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AMTS – Example project - San Pablo Dam

Monitoring Prism Locations

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AMTS – Example project -San Pablo Dam

Modifications

Bird spikes installed to prevent damage to

Monitoring prisms

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AMTS – Example project - Railroad Jack & Bore

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AMTS – Example project – Supportive Excavation

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AMTS – Example projects – more..

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GNSS monitoring another technologyLeica GM10 – Complete Monitoring Station

Technology

L1/L2/L5, 120 channel GPS/GLONASS/Galileo receiver

High speed (50Hz)

32GB internal storage

Low (3.5 W) power consumption

Communication

Slot-in module supporting Radio/GSM/GPRS/UMTS

1 serial port

Ethernet

Tools

logging of MDB and RINEX

Onboard RT processing

Web interface, FTP server, SMTP, DynDNS, RTK output

Active Assist

Built-in Firewall

Three powerful packages

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GNSS Monitoring Solutions Overview

Static Monitoring Solution

Post Processing monitoring on short baselines. It is modular solution using flexibility of GNSS

Monitoring Station and powerful PP algorithms of GNSS Spider to provide best possible results

in near real time. Deformation analysis is supported with GeoMoS HiSpeed and advanced

GeoMoS Adjustment tool.

Dynamic Monitoring Solution

Real time monitoring for reliable and fast movement detection. Sophisticated RT solution takes

advantage of powerful RT positioning module and high frequency measurements. GeoMoS

HiSpeed performs high rate deformation analysis.

GLOBAL Monitoring Solution

Highest Performance GNSS Monitoring for long baselines and controlling of reference stations.

Full service based on scientific GNSS processing package BERNESE integrated in IERS global

earth monitoring provides absolute position control of reference points with highest accuracy.

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GNSS Position AccuracyStatic & Dynamic Monitoring Solution

2D Precision

(95%)

Height Precision

(95%)

10 minutes 7.2mm 12.4mm

1 hour 3.8mm 7.0mm

24 hours 1.8mm 2.1mm

2D Precision

(95%)

Height Precision

(95%)

10 minutes 5.2mm 11.8mm

1 hour 3.8mm 7.2mm

24 hours 1.8mm 2.0mm

Post Processing L1/L2

Post Processing L1 Only

3.3km baseline with 10m height difference

PP Positioning with 10 minutes, 1 hour and 24

hours of data

27 days of data

Real Time Positioning L1/L2

3.3km baseline with 10m height difference

RT Positioning with quasi static initialization and

no smoothing

27 days of data (2287572 results)

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Automated Monitoring Solutions

Combined Total Station and GNSS

Total stations and control points often must be

placed in an area that may be subject to

movements

With the combination of TPS and GPS the stability

of the total stations and reference points can be

effectively managed

GPS co-located to the total station and on one or

more reference points can be used to update the

position and orientation of the total station

GNSS receivers can also be used for direct

monitoring of points of interest

Reflector with 5/8” thread adapter

for mounting of GPS antenna.

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Direct update with GNSS and TPS

Total station with co-

located GNSS

antenna

Orientation point

with GNSS antenna.

Stable GNSS antenna

as reference station.

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Total station resection from GNSS results

Control points with

GNSS antenna used

by total station for

free station

calculation.

Stable GNSS antenna

as reference station.

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• GeoMoS (Geodetic monitoring software) – Leica’s Version

• GeoMoS Monitor, Analyzer, Adjustment, HiSpeed – Data acquisition

• GeoMoS NOW! GeoMoS Web – Data presentation

• GNSS Spider, GNSS QC, Crosscheck

Automated monitoring

Software is another tool in our tool bag…

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Leica GeoMoS

Multi-Sensor Monitoring Software Multi sensor monitoring with total stations, GPS, tilt

sensors, meteo sensors, extensometers and more.

Advanced GPS monitoring via link to Leica GNSS Spider

Calculation of movements using profiles for easy

analysis

Integrated analysis

Configurable limit checks (displacements and

measurements)

Powerful event management and messaging system

Customizable with flexible options and open SQL

database

Secure with robust data synchronization and backup

Scalable and expandable from measurement engine to

complete system

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Leica GeoMoS

Monitor

Features

Connection and control of geodetic and

geotechnical sensors

Connection to Leica GNSS Spider and data

loggers

Display of status information and online charts

Scheduling of measurements and actions (e.g.

Start time, End time, Interval, Continuous)

Measurement validation and re-measurement

Reduction of measurement for atmospheric

effects (PPM, VzCorrection)

Calculation of free station and orientation

Calculation of results (displacements)

Limit checks (absolute, velocity, regression)

Messaging (email, lights, sirens, external

programs and devices, database queries)

Monitor showing overall system status.

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Leica GeoMoS

Analyzer

Site Map and Background Map

The Site Map shows at a glance the status of

your monitoring project.

Traffic light symbols display the limits.

Photographs or maps can be overlaid.

Geo-reference maps with common local and

pixel points.

Manage and navigate with the Site Map for

more detailed information.

Rearrange the position of the points within the

Site Map.

Analyzer Site Map with photograph and

monitoring points.

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First-ever automatic scanning solution in an integrated monitoring system

Software - Automated Scanning DeformationThe NOVA MS50 with GeoMoS

Prism monitoring combined with multiple scan areas displacment and

deformation

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Software – Automatic deformation calculation

How does it work?

Highlights of the new n.Vec Technology

Each cloud is calculated to multiple best fitting surface

areas realistic math model

Math model: plane or any curved surface

Different than a model to model comparison

Edges automatically calculated

the benefit of n.Vec Technology is an optimized

mathematic description of the scanned surface

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Software - Automatic deformation calculation

Example of the normal vector

Highlights of the new n.Vec Technology

On each point the normal vector in known and defines

the deformation direction

Filter, remove ghost data automatically

the method will automatically detect edges more precise

then classical triangulation models

Color coded deformation cloud, shortest distance to the

closest patch of the Null Scan

the benefit of nVec Technology is an optimized mathematic

description of the scanned surface

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Software – What’s the goal?

New n.Vec Technology for cloud processing in

deformation monitoring

No operator

24/7 running system, continuous cloud production

Simple requirement: display change of the color when

deformation is detected on the object – deformation

volume

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GeoMoS ScanningUse Case - Bridge or Levee

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GeoMoS ScanningAny retaining wall or building or road surface

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Scanning compared to prism monitoringThe amount of data

11000 data points at 1000’ with

1.5’ spacing

Result is linked to high resolution

image

Max. Deformation Vector to distribute

alerts over email,

Deformation volume [ft3]

Slider to check historic data and

visualize the changes of deformation

over time

432 Park Ave, NYC.

May 13, 2014

Change up,

The Vertical

Alignment

System

Utilizing GNSS

and tilt meters to

transfer ground

control to the top

floor.

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The first USA installation:

World Trade Center One – Building Tall & Straight

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The Vertical Alignment System

Building tall and straight, World Trade Center One.

Increasing interest in the construction of super high-rise buildings

The footprint of these structures are becoming smaller thus introducing

significant movements of the building at upper levels during construction

It is essential that a straight “element” be constructed so that, theoretically,

the building moves around its design center point due to varying loads.

This ideal situation is rarely achieved due to differential raft settlement,

differential concrete shortening, construction tolerances, sun radiation, wind

and crane loads.

If all conditions were neutral then the “element” would stand exactly vertical.

The movement of the structure creates several problems for the correct layout

of concrete formwork or steel erection work; at any particular instant in time

you need to know exactly how much the building is offset from its design

position and at the same time you need to know your precise position at the

instrument location.


Motivation

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Normal conditions - no external influence

Survey mark – Map Coordinate Reference Layer

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Leica Geosystems developed a procedure using GNSS observations combined

with a precision inclination sensor to obtain reliable coordinated points at the top of

a building or any other structure.

The GNSS coordinated points will be corrected for tilt and then will be sighted by a

Total Station to compute a resection to establish its coordinate and orientation.

To obtain the GNSS positions, We are streaming the GNSS observations through

a communication infrastructure to software that will process and report the final

results.

To obtain the tilt readings, We are streaming the tilt observations through a

seperate communication infrastructure to software that records the observations

and computes the tilt corrections that may be applied.

Core Wall Survey System

Solution

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Building Influences

Wind loads

Crane loads

Sun Radiation

Survey mark – Map Coordinate Reference Layer

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To obtain precise and reliable coordinates that are not influenced by building

movement for the formwork systems at the top of any structure during

construction.


Objective

XtYtZt

xoyozo

GPS Active

Control Point

Automatic Total

Station

New 3D

Point

XtYtZt

XtYtZt

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Setup a Theodolite or Total Station on known grid lines or ground control points at

the street level

Raise the alignments with telescope to the upper floor on 4 sides or raise the

control points from the last floor

Average the final intersection axis at the next floor

When the street level points are “lost” or too far we need to use a plumb bob…

On very high floors, this has to be done at night or early morning when the building

is “hopefully” in its neutral stage

Then form or steel work layout can start with these grid lines

This traditional work process such as it was is time consuming and does not

keep pace with today’s rapid per floor construction cycle.


Traditional Work Process & Short Const. Cycle

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The survey control process is utilizing a combination of GNSS positioning and

inclination sensors

Three local GNSS antennas with a total station will be used to determine the

precise coordinates of control points that are established on the top floor.

The inclination sensors will measure the amount of tilt in x and y that the building is

offset from its design position at any one moment and this is then applied as a

correction to the coordinates of the control points. The resulting corrected positions

will ensure that the building is constructed as straight element regardless of the

movement of the building due to wind load, crane loads, … etc.

Tilt is only needed above a certain height...


Concept


World Trade Center One GNSS Control

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Enclosure and GNSS antenna and 360 Prism

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Typical Deployment

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Calibrating a Nivel Zero Point for High Rise

Main building

vertical axis BZ

Gravity Normal G

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Gravity Normal G

This is the reality where we are aligning the

NIVEL on ZERO position without knowing where

the building is at the moment of installation.


Calibrating a Nivel Zero Point for High Rise

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N1 will deliver tilt 1 that must multiply by h1

to produce d1 …

N2 will deliver tilt 2 that must multiply by h2

to produce d2 …

The sum of d1 + d2 will give you the entire

displacement of the tower. ( that can be also

expressed in terms of flexion in the middle

of h1 and h2 ).

Basically we are “traversing” using the

different NIVEL’s to express the deflection of

the tower.

Now if the tower is still rigid d1 and d2 must

express a linear deflection…


h1

h2

d1

d2

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GNSS = Real time position of active control

at highest structure level for design layout

TPS resection from GPS active control to

setout more control points and steel layout

Inclinometers = Real time building X, Y

tilt recording

Real-time monitoring SW used to

compensate for X, Y drift and provide

adjusted control assuring straight vertical

axis

Conclusion = One Integrated System that

provides survey crews with precise

building position information for layout,

as-built and long term health monitoring


Work Process

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Total Station – At Work

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Vertical alignment system

New York City, Oklahoma City, Long Beach, Boston

Photo’s..

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Questions?

Craig Williams, PS

[email protected]

317-402-1196

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mailto:[email protected]

automated monitoring systems mss mdspe fall conference

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