automated k-12 grading system for fransisco osorio national high school
DESCRIPTION
A requirement in System and Analysis DesisgnTRANSCRIPT
Republic of the Philippines Cavite State University
Don Severino De las Alas Campus Indang, Cavite
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
In Partial Fulfillment of ITEC 55: Systems Analysis and Design (SAD)
AUTOMATED K-12 GRADING SYSTEM FOR FRANCISCO OSORIO
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Submitted to: Kate Cristel C. Mojica
Instructor
Submitted by: Abisado Reginald S. Guacena, Ivy Mae M.
Guerrero, Neil Jeffrey E. Rosario, Ivyree A.
San Gabriel, Rochelle P.
Date submitted: October 2013
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
Background of the Study-------------------------------------------------------- 1
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Existing System----------------------------- 3
Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------ 4
Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------------- 5
Objectives of the Study---------------------------------------------------------- 6
Scope and Limitations----------------------------------------------------------- 7
Significance of the Study-------------------------------------------------------- 7
II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES------------------------------------------------ 8
III. DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED / COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM------------ 14
Use Case Diagram--------------------------------------------------------------- 14
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Proposed / Computerized System----- 15
Database Design------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
Tables ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Data Dictionary----------------------------------------------------------- 17
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ------------------------------------------ 19
Reports------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20
IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION------------------ 21
Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
According to the Department of Education, the educational system of the
Philippines was patterned both from the educational systems of Spain and the
United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946, the system
radically changed.
The Department of Education administers the entire educational system,
especially the curriculum, along with the utilization of given funds for school
services, equipment, recruitment of teachers (for public schools only).
The former educational system of the Philippines was composed of 6
years of elementary education starting at the age of 6 and 4 years of high school
education starting at the age of 12. With this system, compulsory education is not
enforced.
However, the date June 4, 2012 signaled the start of the implementation
of a new educational system, which is the K-12 educational system, which
includes the new curricula for all schools. With this system, education will be now
compulsory.
All public and private schools in the Philippines must start classes from the
mandated by the Department of the Education, and must end after each school
completes the mandated 200-day school calendar of DepEd (usually around the
third week March to the second week of April).
Computation of grades in school became easy for modern teacher but for
traditional one they found difficult but now no burden in recording, transmitting,
giving the equivalent and the final grades for teachers who are computer literate,
where time, effort and energy is minimized.
This is the point of this study, to device a program in order to ease the
computation of grades and ranking the students basing their subject’s
performances. This is now the scenario and dilemma of Francisco Osorio
National High School.
Now, with the technology which is to be developed, it will enable them to
do more with less effort. The program will not continuously find way to improve
and expedite the calculation of grades.
The use of computer nowadays is necessary to replace the manual
system that affects efficiency and effectiveness, accuracy and reliability.
Hence, the researchers would like to develop a K-12 computer-based
grading system.
Statement of the Problem
Prone to error computation
MAN POWER MACHINE
METHOD
Teachers
Manual Inputting
Calculator
Time Consuming in
computation of grades
MATERIALS METHOD
PEOPLE MAN POWER
Teacher Increasing no.
of students
Class Record Manual input
Data Storage
MATERIALS
ENVIRONMENT
METHOD
Class Record Not secure
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 2
Theoretical Framework
T
E
A
C
H
E
R
ACCOUNT MODULE
LOG IN
CREATE NEW RECORD
EDIT ACCOUNT
LOG OUT
GRADE MODULE
EDIT GRADES
INPUT GRADES
CALCULATE GRADES
REPORT MODULE
PRINT RECORDS
VIEW MODULE
SEARCH
SORT
ARRANGE
FIGURE 4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Objectives of the Study
Generally, this study aims to have an automated system of grade
computation of the Francisco Osorio National High School. This aims to lessen
the time and effort in computing grades.
Specifically, the system want the users to manipulate data easily, find/copy other
data easier and faster, fast tracking in the checking of the grading sheets, lesser
time in monitoring the preparation of grading sheets.
Scopes and Limitations
The computerized grading system provides faculty staffs/teachers a faster
and more accurate way of grade computation. This system is an enhanced way
provided for the teachers of Francisco Osorio National High School for an easier
way and ease of access of student grade computation and assessment.
Significance of the Study
The beneficiaries this system will be:
School itself will become known because of the automated form of their grading
system.
Teachers. They will use the computer based grading system for the fast and
accurate computation of grades.
Class Advisers. It will become easy for them now to print the grades and
distribute it to the students.
Principal. They will double check the computed grades by the subject teachers
in fast and accurate way.
Students. They will also benefit from the study and we can assure them a fast
and accurate computation of their grades.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Here are some related literatures of Computer-Based Grading System
which may help in the development of this system. It is composed of discussions
of facts and principles to which the present study is related.
Grading System
Based on Ignacio, F. (2011), grading System is designed to provide incentive
reward for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student. Grading
System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance,
talent and skills of students? It is the important record to keep even for the
longest time for the referral and credentials of the student to enter their next level
of attaining their goals. It is the tract record that recognizes of one student, this
maybe use for analyzing of your attitude and values. Based on our research the
school of Romblon State University Cajidiocan Campus is using a manual
computation of grades of each student, which is the traditional use when
technology is not yet developed. Manual computation is very prompt to risk for
any circumstances. It is time consuming in terms of recording grades, omputation
using of calculator. If some records are lost, they never retrieve it in case of
unexpected calamity. Accuracy and security is not been so defined.
Manual Grading System
Based on Per Christensson in the manual grading system, some problems
are being site. One of the common problems was not accurate computing of
grades and slow compilation of grades. Applying automation to Grading systems
wherein it will make a task more easy and accurate. The system named
“Development of k-12 grading system” is effective on inputting and storing data.
And the excellence and efficiency of this system is assured. Effective grading
and reporting systems promote interaction and involvement among all the
beneficiaries (students, parents, teachers, and administrators) in the educational
process.
Automated Grading System
In literature very little research papers are found on computer vision
based automated grading and sorting systems. However, there have been efforts
to develop both: the internal (Wulfsohn et al., 1993, Lee et al., 2008 and
Schmilovitch et al., 1999) and the external (Fadel et al., 2006) quality factor
based techniques for this purpose. In what to follows we describe our research
study quality factor based on grading and sorting system.
According to Kalpito nowadays, in a highly technological society, human
productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic
gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to
globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an
incredibly fast phase. Computers are not confined to being used for
entertainment but its role in education is also vast. Grading is one of the most
important activities a faculty member does. Many problems in teaching arise
because of grading issues.
Programming Language
In this study (Development of k-12 grading system) a programming
language are used to implement it. On the working program, Visual Basic is
used. Visual Basic is a programming language and development environment
created by Microsoft. It is an extension of the BASIC programming language that
combines BASIC functions and commands with visual controls. Visual Basic
provides a graphical user interface GUI that allows the developer to drag and
drop objects into the program as well as manually write program code. Research
based on Per Christensson.
Database
According to IT Business Edge, databases are organized by fields,
records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one
complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a
telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which
consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.
An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a
Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film,
can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for
organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for
numerical analysis. To access information from a database, you need a database
management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you
to enter, organize, and select data in a database.
In addition, Merriam Webster Dictionary defines database as a
collection of pieces of information that is organized and used on a computer
collection of pieces of information that is organized and used on a computer and
Collection of data or information organized for rapid search and retrieval,
especially by a computer. Databases are structured to facilitate storage, retrieval,
modification, and deletion of data in conjunction with various data – processing
operations.
A database consists of a file or set of files that can be broken down into
records, each of which consists of one or more fields. Fields are the basic units
of data storage. Users retrieve database information primarily through queries.
Using keywords and sorting commands, users can rapidly search, rearrange,
group, and select the field in many records to retrieve or create reports on
particular aggregates of data according to the rules of the database management
system being used.
Database Management System
IT Business Edge describes database management system as a collection
of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a
database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems
that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.
Related Studies
MyStudentsProgress.com came up also on the idea of this study. This
site makes it easy for teachers to enter grades with our multiple Grade Book
Views. Their grade book allows teachers to enter grades, flag missing
assignments, track student comments and enter sub-skill grades for each course.
It auto-calculates grades on the fly and integrates with the Report Card module,
providing teachers the ability to print report cards in a matter of seconds. With its
intuitive look and feel of a paper grade book, MyStudentsProgress.com is the
easiest grading software to use.
Synthesis
Compared to other related projects about grading system, our system is
offline and not interactive. Other systems are online and can be accessed by the
end-users including students for viewing purposes. Our system only has limited
features and it can only accept and process data, but cannot be accessed by
students.
DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED / COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM
Use Case Diagram
Edit
Account
Create new
record
Load new
Grading sheet
Load existing grading sheet
Load existing grading sheet
Add student
Edit sections/ grading sheet
properties
Calculate Grades
Log in
Records
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) of Proposed/Computerized System
data base
Students
1.0
2.0
1.2
1.1.0
Login
Teacher’s
main menu
Load Existing
record Create new acc.
3.0
2.1 1.1.1
Edit acct.
settings
View grading
sheet
Create new
grading sheet
3.1
1.1.2 3.3
3.2
Print grades
Edit grading
sheet Calculate grades
Add students
Students Data base 01
Teachers
User info
New acc. info
User info
New student info
New student info
Teacher’s acc. info
Find grades
Raw scores
Database Design
Tables
Figure 6. User Info Table
Figure 7. Sections Table
Figure 8. [Section Name] Table
Figure 9. [section Name] Components
Data Dictionary
Table
1
No. Data Element Length Type Description
1 FirstName 35 C User's First Name
2 LastName 35 C User's Last Name
3 EssentialKey 35 C Database's Password
Table
2
No. Data Element Length Type Description
1 SectionID 7 C Section ID
2 SectionName 35 C Name of Section
3 SectionYear 35 C Year of Section
4 Subject 35 C Subject being taught
5 StartSched 10 C Time classes would start
6 EndSched 10 C Time classes would end
Table
3
No. Data Element Length Type Description
1 StudentID 3 C Student's unique ID
2 FirstName 35 C Student's first name
3 MiddleName 35 C Student's middle name
4 LastName 35 C Student's last name
5 Gender 20 C Student's Gender
6 Knowledge 5 C Knowledge Component
7 ProcessSkills 5 C
Process Skills
Component
8 Understanding 5 C
Understanding
Component
9 Performance 5 C Product Component
10 FinalGrade 5 C Final Grade of student
11 Proficiency 10 C
Equivalent student
capability
Table
4
No. Data Element Length Type Description
1 Tests 255 C Name/Title of Test
2 Type 255 C Indicates whether type of
test is Exam or Output
3 RKnowledge 255 C Perfect Score for
Knowledge Component
4 RProcessSkills 255 C
Perfect Score for
Process/ Skills
5 RUnderstanding 255 C perfect score for
understanding
component
6 RPerformance 255 C Perfect score for
performance component
Entity Relationship Diagram
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Francisco Osorio National High School is the beneficiary of this study.
Based on the interview, they use manual grading system, reason for the difficulty
of compiling and manipulating the grades of the students in the K-12 curriculum.
The system aims to lessen the time and effort in computing grades and
give an accurate output and faster manipulating of data.
The developers conduct testing and debugging to determine if the system
will show flaws and its limitation and capabilities. It was tested based on the
appearance, functionality, user-friendliness and features of the application. They
used Variation diagram for the development of the study.
This proposed automated k-12 grading system will be surely useful. The
gathered information from the feedbacks of the respondents will be used in
enhancement of the system.
Conclusion
The researchers concluded that the Computerized K-12 Grading System
for Francisco Osorio National High School was developed according to the
system requirements gathered initially. The researchers concluded that the
Computerized Grading System should be implemented because it provides more
accurate records, efficient report and fast accessing of data in terms of
emergencies.
Recommendation
Based from all the observations, data gathering and analysis of the
present grading system of the Francisco Osorio National High School, the
researchers found out that most of the grading computations are done manually
and consumes a large amount of time. We therefore recommended the school to
implement a Computerized Grading System for them to be able to keep accurate
and efficient data records, lessen the workloads of the faculty staffs and teachers
on grade computations, and thus can save a lot of time.
References
Free Gradebook | School Management Software. http://www.thinkwave.com/
Gradelink School Administration System. http://www.gradelink.com/
Surfside Software.
http://www.surfsidesoftware.com/product_lighthouse_reportcard.htm
Grade Book Wizard. http://www.gradebookwizard.com/
My Student Progress.
http://www.mystudentsprogress.com/product/grade_book.html
Per Christensson. http://techware.com/