automated driving – industry perspective€¦ · high dynamic info absolute location low dynamic...
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Confidential | CC-DA/GP | 26.March.2015 | Version v1 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Automated Driving – Industry Perspective Robert Bosch GmbH, Chassis Systems Control Stephan Stass Senior Vice President Business Unit Driver Assistance
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Confidential | CC-DA/PRM | 26.March.2015 | Version v1 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Advanced Driver Assistance: Trends & Growth
Bosch own market analysis/data 2014 CAGR 2014-2021
Market Growth
Automated DrivingS afety Democ ratization
car2go Ulm
F ocus
C omfort
Mega Trends
Market Drivers
2014 2016 20212014 2016 2021 2014 2016 2021
Aging Society Connectivity Urbanization Energy Efficiency Health & Wellbeing
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Automated and connected – social benefits
Gain in productivity
Democratization of mobility
Fewer traffic jams and less waiting time at intersections and lights à 80% improvement in traffic throughput1
Higher fuel efficiency
Reduced congestion
Reduction in global road fatalities à 90% of car accidents caused by human error4
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Synchronised traffic flow à 23 to 39% improvement in highway fuel economy2
Time in transit becomes more productive à 56 minutes per day freed up for other uses (US)3
Over-65 segment growing 50% faster than overall population à Allow a variety of age ranges to be mobile
Improved safety
1 Shladover, Steven, Dongyan Su and Ziao-Yun Lu (2012), Impacts of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on Freeway Traffic Flow, 91st Annual Meeting of TRB, Washington. 2 Atiyeh, Clifford (2012), Predicting Traffic Patterns, One Honda at a Time, MSN Auto, June 25. 3 US Department of Transportation Highway Safety Administration (2011), Report # FHWA-PL-II-022 4 Bosch accident research; car accidents leading to personal injuries
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Roadmap
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Assisted driving
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Automatic emergency braking 2010
Chassis Systems Control
Roadmap
Partially automated
System takes control of longitudinal and lateral guidance in specific use cases.
Driver still keeps a watchful eye
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
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Automatic emergency braking 2010
Traffic jam assist 2015
Integrated cruise assist 2017
Highway assist 2018
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
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Roadmap Highly automated driving
Traffic jam assist 2015
Integrated cruise assist 2017
Highway assist 2018
Traffic jam pilot 2017
Highway pilot 2020
Fully automated driving: Auto pilot
Fully automated driving without driver in the loop
Automatic emergency braking 2010
SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Surround sensing: camera, radar, ultrasonic, …
Vehicle motion control: braking, steering, accelerating
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Localisation in online map data: to provide long range planning information
Functions: Decision making in dynamic situations
Driver supervision: System has to be able to return control to the driver at any time
Key technologies for automated driving se
e th
ink
actio
n
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Confidential | CC-DA/GP | 26.March.2015 | Version v1 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Surround sensing – vehicle sensor concept
(not to scale)
360° surround sensing by combination of different sensors · Long- and mid-range radar prerequisite for driving at higher speed · Satisfy reliability requirements by using multiple sensors for each area
- Long-range radar - Mid-range radar
- 3rd sensor principle - Stereo-video
- Near-range cameras - Ultrasonic sensors
- Long-range radar - Mid-range radar
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Dynamic map data – layered approach
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Highly automated driving requires latest high-precision map data · Aggregated information processing and delivery via the cloud
e. g. Traffic information
e. g. Hazard spots
30 e. g. Speed limits
Digital static map D
ynam
ic la
yers
High dynamic info with absolute location
Low dynamic info with absolute location
Temporary regional info
Localisation map for automated driving
Collection of sensor data from vehicles
Up-to-date data
Data provider
Cloud
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Chassis Systems Control
Principle for decision making of 3 Levels
Automated Driving must incorporate all levels of planning done by a human
Strategic high level task oriented planning, similar to
standard navigation, e.g. „drive from A to B,
take road X and Y“
Tactical driving maneuvers,
e.g. „drive on right lane and then turn right“
Reactive low level driving primitives,
e.g. „master dynamic situations“
Trajectory
Maneuver
Navigation P
lann
ing
Hor
izon
Min
utes
/ ho
urs
S
econ
ds
Mill
isec
onds
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
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Highly automated driving changes on-board network
Ethernet/FR/CAN 12V low speed link
Fail-safe architecture
xRR
MPC
USS
HU
BAT
EPS
AB+
CGW
xRR ESP
MPC
PP
HU
BAT
Cloud EPS
ISU
ESP
LIDAR
RPS
C2x
Fail-operational architecture
proc
essi
ng p
ower
, ba
ndw
idth
, mem
ory
degree of automation
disr
uptiv
e
DASy
CGW
iBooster
RPS
Consequences: • HW/SW repartitioning (sensor/ECU/cloud) • use of CE components (µC, FPGA, GPU…) • redundancies at marketable costs
Drivers of E/E architecture: • increasing computing power • demands for automated driving functionalities
Redundant power supply, interfaces, and processing units required Need for highly reliable architecture will change on-board network completely Fail-operational architectures guarantee safety at any time
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Driver as backup – monitoring necessary Distraction detection … because 80% of accidents caused by inattentive drivers1
Drowsiness detection … because 30% of drivers have experienced microsleep events2
Health monitoring … because 10% of fatal accidents caused by medical conditions3
Adaptive assistance … because it enables the vehicle to react according to the driver‘s state
Identification … because it enables the vehicle to adapt to the person driving
Driver monitoring will be a key element for automated driving functions · System has to be able to return control to the driver at any time
1 NHTSA-Report DOT HS 810 593, April 2006 2 DVR-Report 3/2012, representative survey of 2 000 persons 3 Destatis Fachserie 8 Reihe 7, 2010
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Safety – reliable actuation elements
Redundant steering, braking, and stabilisation systems required · Modular actuation concept offers a perfect solution for automated driving
Vacuum-free boost & autonomous braking Brake boost
Recuperation Modulation
Vacuum booster iBooster
ESP® hev ESP®
ESP® ESP® hev iBooster Electronic
power steering
Redundant steering system Redundant braking system
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Confidential | CC-DA/GP | 26.March.2015 | Version v1 | © Robert Bosch GmbH 2015. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Legislation Frameworks & Main Activities
Chassis Systems Control
Legislation framework no longer reflects technical progress · Need for adaptation to take account of highly automated driving
• National laws • Geneva convention (1949) • Vienna convention on road
traffic (1968): Article 8 (5): „Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals“
Current legal framework
Legalisation & regulation for AD decided in individual states
LUTZ Pathfinder - UK Government’s ‘Introducing Driverless Cars’ competition Volvo DriveMe
OEMs
OEMs
OEMs
Japan (MLIT) exploring different possibilities
OEMs New players
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Conclusions è Automated driving increases safety and comfort
l That’s what we call “Invented for life”
è Stepwise implementation starts with highway driving and parking functions
è The path towards automated driving has to overcome new challenges for sensors, maps, system architecture, validation standards and regulation
è Bosch has all necessary key technologies available and is getting them ready for market entry
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SMMT CONNECTED – Automated Driving
Chassis Systems Control
Thank you for your attention!
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