autocad drawing manual
TRANSCRIPT
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ARTCHITECTURE & BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
COMPUTER-AIDED-DRAFTING MANUAL
EM101/ED109/EE202
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN / ENGINEERING DESIGN
Lecturer/Instructor: _________________________________________
Name: __________________________________________________
Student ID: ______________________________________________
Course: _________________________________________________
MAY 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 General Instructions 2
2 Laboratory Protocols 2
3 Lab Experiments
LESSON 1 Startup 3
LESSON 2 Drawing Commands 5
LESSON 3 Modify Commands 1 8
LESSON 4 Modify Commands 2 12
LESSON 5 Modify Commands 3 15
LESSON 6 Dimensioning 17
LESSON 7 Orthographic Projections 19
LESSON 8 Solid Modeling 22
LESSON 9 Sectional Views 29
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1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
The lesson in this manual are designed to provide the students some fundamental concepts in
computer-aided drafting. Students are required to practice the exercises as designed in the
manual. All exercises are to be complete within the allotted time.
2 LABORATORY PROTOCOLS
Students are required to comply with the following rules when in the lab.
1. Swapping of lab session is strictly not allowed. Work done in other than the registered labsession will be graded zero (0).
2. Always be punctual. Students later than 15 minutes are not allowed to enter the lab.3. All hand phones must be switched off. (Lecturer/instructor reserves the right not to allow
students who do not follow this rule to enter the lab).
4. Eating and drinking in the lab are strictly prohibited.5. Always follow the instruction of the lab instructor or lecturer before the start of the lab.6. Clean the working area and return all benches to their respective places before you leave
the lab.
7. All class work must be completed and submit within the allotted time. Any latesubmission will be graded zero.
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LESSON 1 STARTUP
Objective
This topic introduces the fundamentals in starting up of AutoCAD.
Learning Outcome
The student is able to begin drawing with AutoCAD and create new layer (lines).
Introduction
Design and drafting activities can be accomplished by using a computer, and hence it is refer
as Computer-Aided Design (CAD). AutoCAD and SolidWork are common CAD software
package used to create designs and generate drawings for documentations. It has better
accuracy, productivity and the ability to share CAD file with other software programs.
Starting AutoCAD
To start drawing by AutoCAD, the student must be able to identify the:
1. Graphics AreaThe large central area of the screen is the graphics area. It displays the lines, circles
and other objects you draw that will make up the drawing.
2. Command LineAny command that is entered or any prompt that AUTOCAD issues appear here. It
gives the current state of drawing activity.
3. ToolbarsAutoCAD provides a variety of toolbars. It contains a number of icons that can be
picked to invoke commands for drawing or editing objects (Lines, arcs, circle, and
etc.)
4. Pull-down MenuIt is at the top of the screen just under the title bar. Selecting any of the words in the
menu bar activates, or pulls down, the respective menu
5. Screen (side) MenuScreen menu can be made appear by selecting Options from tools pull-down menu.
Display background color can be changed from here
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6. Status BarStatus bar is a set of informative words or symbols that give the status of the drawing
aids. It appears at the very bottom of the screen. The drawing aids can be toggled on
or off by single clicking (pressing the left mouse button once)
Command Entry
There are few possible methods for entering commands in AUTOCAD:-
1. Toolbars2. Pull-down menu3. Keyboard
Function Keys
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12
HelpFlip
screen
Osnap
ToggleTablet Isoplane Coords Grid Ortho Snap Polar
Osnap
TrackingDYN
Working with Files
Same as Microsoft Window
Units
You can choose either metric (mm) or Imperial unit (British unit) to start your drawing.
Unit can be changed by selecting Units from the Formatpull-down menu.
Drafting Setting Object Snap
Object snap can be activated by selectingDrafting Setting from Tool pull-down menu.
You can activate or deactivate object snap mode from there.
Create New Layer
Click layer properties manager Click new layer or Alt-N Click color ,choose the required color) , press OK Click line type, press LOAD, choose required lines type, click OK
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LESSON 2 DRAWING COMMANDS
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic drawing commands (line, rectangle, polygon,
erase, circle, ellipse, arc)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw by using line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc
commands
Coordinate Entry
There are many ways to specify the coordinates (tell AutoCAD the location of points) when
you draw or edit objects. There are two coordinates formats: Cartesian format and polar
format. The Cartesian format specifies x and y (e.g. 3, 7), while the polar format indicates the
distance and angle (e.g. 6 45). The coordinates types are absolute coordinates (3, 7 or 6
45) and relative coordinates (@ 3, 7 or @ 6 45). Absolute coordinates are typically used to
specify the first point of a line or other object while relative coordinates are typically used
for the next point.
Drawing Commands line, rectangle, polygon, erase, circle, ellipse, arc
Line
Select the line icon or type line Type 10, 10, click enter Type @ 70 0, click enter Type @ 50 90, click enter Type @ 70 180, click enter Type c (close), click enter
Erase
Select the erase icon or type erase Click the unwanted object and click enter
70
50
10, 10
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Circle
Below are methods in drawing circle:
1. Center radius Select the circle icon or type circle Select center point Type 50 (radius = 50)
2. Center diameter Select the circle icon or type circle Select center point
Type D (D = diameter) Type 100 (diameter = 100)
3. 2 points Draw 2 lines as shown Select the circle icon or type circle Select 2p
Select first point (as shown in figure) Select second point (as shown in figure)
Ellipse
Draw the figure as shown Select the ellipse icon or type ellipse Type c (center point)
Select first point Select second point
Arc
Draw the figure as shown Select the arc icon or type arc Type c (center point)
Select starting point of the arc Select end point of the arc
50
30
1st
point
2n
point
End
point
80
30
First
point
First point
80
30
Second
point
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Exercise
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LESSON 3 MODIFY COMMANDS 1
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic modifying command (move, copy, offset,
array, rotate, mirror)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror
commands
Drawing Commands move, copy, offset, array, rotate, mirror
Move
Draw a rectangle (60 30) Click the move icon or type move Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter Click the lower left edge (point to hold) Move the rectangle to new location
Copy
Draw a rectangle (60 30) Click the copy icon or type copy Select the rectangle (4 boundaries) and click enter Click the lower left edge (point to hold) Drag the rectangle to new location
Offset
Draw a line (length = 50) Click the offset icon or type offset Type 10 (distance to offset) Select the line Click side to offset
50
10
Source
Offset line
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Array
There are two types of array:
1. Rectangular array Select the array icon or type array Select/Click the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter Type 2 (number of row) and 4 (number of column) Type 100 (row offset distance) and 150 (column offset distance) Click enter
2. Polar array Draw a circle (diameter 15) Select the array icon or type array Select/Click the circle (object) Select polar method Select center point Select Total number of item & angle to fill Type 8 (total number of item) Type 360 (angle to fill column) Click enter
Rotate
Draw a rectangle Select the rotate icon or type rotate Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter Select base point (lower left edge) Type 25 (rotation angle)
150
Row (2)
Column (4)
100
Center point
30
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Mirror
Draw the Figure shown
Click the mirror icon or type mirror Select the rectangle and press enter Select first mirror point and then the second mirror point Type N to keep the source object and Y if want to erase source object
Exercise
First mirror
point
Second
mirror point
80
10, 10
40Mirror line
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LESSON 4 MODIFY COMMANDS 2
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (construction line, trim,
extend, fillet, chamfer)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer
commands
Drawing Commands construction line, trim, extend, fillet, chamfer
Construction Line
Select the construction line icon Type a Type 20 (angle = 20) Select any location to locate the line
Trim
Draw horizontal and vertical line
Select the trim icon or type trim Select the horizontal line (trim boundary) Click enter Select the unwanted line
Before After
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Extend
Draw 2 lines Select the extend icon or type extend
Click vertical line (extend boundary) Click enter Click horizontal line
Fillet
Draw 2 lines as illustrated Select the fillet icon or type fillet
Type r (r = radius) Type 10 (10 = radius of fillet) Select first object (horizontal line) Select second object (vertical line)
Chamfer
Draw a rectangle (60 40) Explode the object Select the chamfer icon or type chamfer Type d (distance) Type 20 (first chamfer distance) Type 15 (second chamfer distance) Select first line of the chamfer Select second line of the chamfer
50
70
Second
line
First line20
15
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Exercise
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LESSON 5 MODIFY COMMANDS 3
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn more modifying command (rectangle, polygon,
explode, hatch, scale, multiline text)
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and modify using rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale,
multiline text commands
Drawing Commands rectangle, polygon, explode, hatch, scale, multiline text
Rectangle
Select the rectangle icon or type rectangle Select first point Type @ 40, 90 (X distance = 40, Y distance = 90)
Polygon
Select the polygon icon or type polygon Enter 6 (number of sides) Specify center of polygon Type I for inscribed or C for circumscribed Click enter Type 40 (radius)
Explode
Draw a rectangle Select the explode icon or type explode Select the rectangle drawn (object) and click enter
40
901st
point
Inscribed Circumscribed
Edge
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Hatch
Draw a rectangle (80 40) Select the hatch icon or type hatch
Click Add: pick points Select the A area and click enter
Scale
Draw a rectangle (60 40) Select the scale icon or type scale Select the object
Select base point (lower left edge) Type 2 (scale factor)
Multiline Text
Click the multiline text icon or type multiline text Specify first corner and second corner Change the text height Type UCSI, MALAYSIA
Exercise
UCSI, MALAYSIA
2nd
corner
1st
corner
A B
40
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LESSON 6 DIMENSIONING
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn and apply the dimension commands
Learning Outcome
The student is able to draw and show all the dimensions
Dimension
There are several types of dimensions, including linear, align, radius, diameter, angular etc.
Exercise
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LESSON 7 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the multiview projection
Learning Outcome
The student is able to differentiate the first and third view projection
Orthographic
Orthographic projection is a mean of representing a three dimensional (3D) object in two
dimensions (2D). It is divided into:
1. First angle projection2. Third angle projection
First angle projection
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Third angle projection
Exercise
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LESSON 8 SOLID MODELING
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the basic of 3D solid modeling
Learning Outcome
The student is able to produce a 3D solid modeling drawing
3D Models
Three basic types of 3D models is created to represent the actual object:
1. Wireframe modelLike a model constructed of 12 coat hanger wires. Each wire represents an edge of the
actual object. The surfaces of the object are not defined; only the boundaries of
surfaces are represented by edges. The model is see-through since it has no surfaces to
obscure the back edges. It contains no volume.
2. Surface modelsAs all surfaces and edges of the object are defined, it has a better description than the
wireframe models. It has volume but no mass.
3. Solid modelsA complete computerized replica of the actual object, which contains the
A complete computerized replica of the actual object which is the most complete and
descriptive type of 3D modeling. It contains complete surface and edge definition, as
well as description of the interior features of the object. If a solid model is cut into
half, the interior features become visible. It is considered to have mass, as it is solid.
3D Coordinate
When creating a model in three-dimensional drawing space, the concept of the X and Y
coordinate system which is used for two dimensional drawing must be expanded to include
the third dimension, Z, which is measured from the origin in a direction perpendicular to the
plane defined by X and Y
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World Coordinate System (WCS) and User Coordinate System (UCS)
Primitives
Solid primitives are the basic building blocks that make up complex solid models. The
ACIS primitive commands are:
1. Box Select NW Isometric Select the box icon or type box Type @30, 40, 40 to specify the corner of the box (distance X = 30, Y = 40, Z = 40) Click enter
2. Cone Determine the desired UCS (the base of the cone lies on XY plane) Select the cone icon or type cone Specify center point, radius and height of the cone (height is in Z-axis)
3. Cylinder Determine the desired UCS (the base of the cylinder lies on XY plane) Select the cylinder icon or type cylinder Specify center point, radius and height of the cylinder (height is in Z-Azis)
4. Wedge Determine desired UCS (the base of the wedge always parallel with XY plane
while slope is always along X-axis)
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Select the wedge icon or type wedge Specify first corner, other corners (@40, 60, 0), and height
5.
Sphere Select the sphere icon or type sphere Specify center point and radius
6. Torus Select the torus icon or type torus Specify center point Specify radius of torus and radius of tube7. Extrude Draw a rectangle (the object should lies on X-Y plane) Select the extrude icon or type extrude Select the rectangle (objet) Specify the height of rectangle
Moving Solids
1. Rotate 3D Type rotate3d Select object (rectangle) Type 2p Specify 1st and 2nd points of axis Type angle of rotation 25
2. Mirror 3D Type mirror3d Select object and click enter Type 3 points Click the 3 points location Type N
1st
point
2n
point
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Boolean Operation Commands
1. Union (join 2 or more objects) Type union Select object and click enter
2. Subtract (subtract 1 set of solid from another) Type subtract Select the object that you want to keep and click enter Select the object to remove and click enter
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3. Intersect (creates a solid of intersection (common volume) from selected solids) Type intersect Select all desired solids and click enter
4. Chamfer Type chamfer Select solid at desired edge and click enter Specify base surface chamfer and the other surface chamfer, click enter Select edges to be chamfered and click enter
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5. Fillet Type fillet Select object (desired edge to fillet) Specify radius value and click enter
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LESSON 9 SECTIONAL VIEW
Objective
This topic enables the student to learn the concept of sectional view
Learning Outcome
The student is able to produce the sectional view drawing
Section View
A section view is a view of the interior of an object after it has been imaginary cut open to
reveal the objects inner details. Hatch lines (section lines) are drawn in the section view to
indicate the solid material that has been cut through. For mechanical drawings, a cutting
plane line is drawn in an adjacent view to the section view to indicate the plane that
imaginary cuts through the object. Arrows on each end of the cutting plane line indicate the
line of sight for section view. A thick dashed or phantom line should be used for cutting plane
line
Exercise
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