auto pipe

AUTOPIPE®

P I P E S T R E S S AN AL Y S I S

Version 9.1

BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC.WWW.BENTLEY.COM

TUTORIAL

COPYRIGHT INFORMATION

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Bentley, the "B" Bentley logo, MicroStation, AutoPLANT and AutoPIPE are registered or non-

registered trademarks of Bentley Systems, Inc. or Bentley Software, Inc. All other marks are the

property of their respective owners.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

© 2008, Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may only be used pursuant to applicable

software license agreement; contains confidential and proprietary information of Bentley Systems,

Incorporated and/or third parties which is protected by copyright and trade secret law and may not

be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization.

Acknowledgments

Portions OpenGL® API © Silicon Graphics, Inc.

Portions © Rogue Wave Software

Portions © Alias Ltd

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDS

If this software is acquired for or on behalf of the United States of America, its agencies and/or

instrumentalities ("U.S. Government"), it is provided with restricted rights. This software and

accompanying documentation are "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer

software documentation," respectively, pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 227.7202, and "restricted

computer software" pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19(a), as applicable. Use, modification,

reproduction, release, performance, display or disclosure of this software and accompanying

documentation by the U.S. Government are subject to restrictions as set forth in this Agreement

and pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212, 52.227-19, 227.7202, and 1852.227-86, as applicable.

Contractor/Manufacturer is Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 685 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 19341-

0678.

Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States and International

treaties.

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

To view the End User License Agreement for this product see: eula_2005.pdf

DAA037360-1/0001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AutoPIPE® Tutorial i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONOVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 1-2 FEATURE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1-2 PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES ............................................. 1-2 HANGER DESIGN .......................................................................................... 1-2 STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE..................................................... 1-2 NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS............................................................... 1-3 LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS ................................................................. 1-3 FINITE ELEMENT THEORY ........................................................................... 1-3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 1-4 POST PROCESSING...................................................................................... 1-4 PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE......................................................................... 1-4 CAD INTERFACES ......................................................................................... 1-5 ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS........... 1-5 NEW FEATURES IN VERSION 9.1.............................................................................. 1-5 ANALYSIS....................................................................................................... 1-5 COMMUNICATION ......................................................................................... 1-6 GRAPHICAL INTERFACE .............................................................................. 1-6 IMPORT /EXPORT.......................................................................................... 1-6 INTEROPERABILITY...................................................................................... 1-6 LIBRARIES...................................................................................................... 1-6 MODELING ..................................................................................................... 1-6 PIPING CODES............................................................................................... 1-7 POST PROCESSING...................................................................................... 1-7 REPORTS....................................................................................................... 1-7 SECURITY ...................................................................................................... 1-8 AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR .................................... 1-9 MAXIMUM DEFINED STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD CASES:..................... 1-10 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 1-11 RELEASE NOTES ..................................................................................................... 1-11 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES ................................................................. 1-12 TECHNICAL SUPPORT................................................................................ 1-12 SELECT SERVICES ONLINE ....................................................................... 1-12 SELECT PRIVILEGES .................................................................................. 1-13

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AutoPIPE® Tutorial ii

PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES................................................1-13 AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT ..........................................1-13 SERVICES.....................................................................................................1-13 BENTLEY SELECT .................................................................................1-13 TRAINING ...............................................................................................1-13 ENTERPRISE LICENSE SUBSCRIPTIONS ...........................................1-14 BENTLEY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES.................................................1-14 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS.........................................................................1-15

CHAPTER 2:USING THE ON-LINE HELP ........................................................................................2-2 BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW..................................................................................2-3 STARTING AUTOPIPE ................................................................................................2-4 LOADING A MODEL ....................................................................................................2-5 DEFINING A NEW MODEL..............................................................................2-5 LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL....................................................................2-7 INTERFACE.................................................................................................................2-9 SCREEN LAYOUT...........................................................................................2-9 DIALOGS.......................................................................................................2-10 KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS...................................................................2-10 UNITS FORMAT......................................................................................2-11 MENU STRUCTURE .....................................................................................2-12 TOOLBARS ...................................................................................................2-12 HOTKEYS .....................................................................................................2-12 AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS.........................................................................2-12 UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS..........................................................2-13 RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS .....................................................2-15 GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT ........................................................................2-16 UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT ......................................................2-16 CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD ..............2-17 MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY ....................................................2-17 BASIC TASKS............................................................................................................2-18 EXECUTING A COMMAND...........................................................................2-18 SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS .................................................2-19 INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT......................................................2-19 MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS....................................................2-19 DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS......................................................2-20 SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET) ............................2-20

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial iii

! PART I: CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODELCHAPTER 3:

OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 3-2 CREATING A NEW SYSTEM....................................................................................... 3-3 ROUTING SEGMENT A............................................................................................... 3-8 ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE............................................... 3-8 ADDING A TEE ............................................................................................. 3-16 ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT..................... 3-19 ROUTING SEGMENT B............................................................................................. 3-24 ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT................... 3-24 EDITING CONTROLS................................................................................... 3-27 CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS ..3-31 SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING..................................................... 3-35 INSERTING A SUPPORT ............................................................................. 3-40 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 3-43 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 3-44

CHAPTER 4: OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 4-2 USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES................................. 4-2 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER ............................................... 4-3 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER ................................................ 4-3 MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE................................... 4-4 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS.................................... 4-6 USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES..................................... 4-8 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ..................... 4-8 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ...................... 4-9 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS (INPUT GRIDS)....... 4-11 GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS ............... 4-13 REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES........................................................................... 4-17 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 4-20 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 4-20

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial iv

CHAPTER 5: OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................5-2 ASSIGNING LOADS ....................................................................................................5-2 DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD.............................5-2 ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS ...................5-5 ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS.................................................5-6 PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................5-7 GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES.............................................................5-9 DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS.......................................................................5-13 USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS..................................................................5-14 MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS........................................................................5-15 INTERACTIVE REVIEW.............................................................................................5-18 DESIGN CHANGE .....................................................................................................5-20 CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................5-25

CHAPTER 6: OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................6-2 SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS ..........................................................................6-2 GENERATING THE REPORT......................................................................................6-3 REVIEWING THE REPORT .........................................................................................6-4 CLOSING THE REPORT .............................................................................................6-4 CHAPTER REVIEW .....................................................................................................6-5 WHAT’S NEXT?...............................................................................................6-5

! PART II: CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPE TUTORIAL MODELCHAPTER 7:

IMPORTING A PXF FILE..............................................................................................7-2 REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA ................................................................................7-6 CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE .....................................................................7-8 NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY ..................................................................................7-9 CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT.....................................................7-10 CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT.................................................................7-13 CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................7-15

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AutoPIPE® Tutorial v

WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 7-15 CHAPTER 8:

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW................................................................................... 8-2 SOLID MODEL VIEW................................................................................................... 8-2 VECTOR VIEW............................................................................................................ 8-3 CHAPTER REVIEW..................................................................................................... 8-6 WHAT’S NEXT? .............................................................................................. 8-6

CHAPTER 9: FRAME OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 9-2 CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL ........................................................ 9-2 ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME ....................................................................... 9-10 VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL................................................................................. 9-11 INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL................................................................ 9-12 OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM ................................................................. 9-12 INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS.......................................................... 9-13 AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING ..................................................................... 9-15 SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS.................................................................. 9-15 INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL............................................................. 9-16 CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE....................................................................... 9-19 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................... 9-23 WHAT’S NEXT? ............................................................................................ 9-23

CHAPTER 10: PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS.............................................................................. 10-2 CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 10-4 DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS....................................................................... 10-4 REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS ........................................ 10-6 REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) ................................... 10-7 APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA ................................................................... 10-9 SELECTING COMBINATIONS ................................................................................ 10-10 ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE................................................................ 10-12 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS................................................................. 10-14 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS).................................... 10-16 CHAPTER REVIEW................................................................................................. 10-20

AutoPIPE® Tutorial 1-1

INTRODUCTION

AutoPIPE is a stand-alone computer aided engineering (CAE) program for

calculation of piping stresses, flange analysis, pipe support design, and

equipment nozzle loading analysis under static and dynamic loading conditions.

In addition to 30 piping codes, AutoPIPE incorporates ASME, European, British

Standard, API, NEMA, ANSI, ASCE, AISC, UBC, and WRC guidelines and

design limits to provide a comprehensive analysis of the entire system. Version

9.1 is available for Windows 2000/XP/Vista and can be licensed across

networks.

There are three editions of AutoPIPE: Standard, Plus, and Nuclear. The Plus

version offers several advanced analysis capabilities not available in the standard

version which are detailed later in this chapter. The nuclear edition includes all

Plus features and nuclear ASME in class 1,2,3 and thermal transient analysis. A

KHK2 add-on option is also available for the Plus version that allows use of the

Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code in addition to all the features of the Plus

version. AutoPIPE is a proven, well-established program that has been

commercially available since 1986. AutoPIPE’s rigorous quality assurance

practices have withstood numerous on-site audits, making AutoPIPE one of the

few PC based piping programs approved for use in nuclear safety applications.

OVERVIEW 1-2FEATURE SUMMARY 1-2NEW FEATURES IN VERSION 9.1 1-5AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR 1-8SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 1-10RELEASE NOTES 1-10TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES 1-11DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS 1-14

1

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design, AutoPIPE

utilizes Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and CAD interfaces to

enable users to create, modify, and review piping and structural models and their results quickly and

easily.

A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing instant visual

feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being entered and alerts the user

if the model does not comply with the regulatory standards of piping design.

Using AutoPIPE’s object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify pipe

properties, supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command. Graphical selection

of ranges is also used for cut, copy, & paste operations.

FEATURE SUMMARY

The following is a partial list of the features and capabilities of AutoPIPE. Refer to the on-line help for

a complete reference of features and functionality.

PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES

AutoPIPE contains a comprehensive and extensible library of material properties and piping &

structural components including pipes, reducers, tees, valves, flanges, beams, flexible connectors and

other items. Supports include: anchors, spring and constant force hangers, one-way restraints, limit

stops, guides, snubbers and tie-rods.

The material library includes temperature dependent properties and code dependent allowables.

AutoPIPE provides component libraries for ASME/ANSI, JIS, DIN, and Nordic standards.

HANGER DESIGN

AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The program selects

hangers from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, Bergen-Patterson,

Lisega, NPS, and others.

STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE

AutoPIPE provides built-in structural analysis with frame elements to enable users to consider the

mass and flexibility of structural supports as part of their piping analysis. AutoPIPE provides

structural modeling options for user specified beta angles to orient beam local cross-section axes with

global axes, rigid end lengths to account for the connectivity of end points to other members in the

structural system, and end releases to model pinned connections. AutoPIPE’s unique two point support

elements allow the user to define the connection between pipe and structural steel using gaps and

friction at the same point if required.

INTRODUCTION

FEATURE SUMMARY


The AISC structural library with cross sectional properties and a database of properties of commonly

used structural steel materials is included within AutoPIPE. Users can easily define their own frame

elements and steel materials to model frame elements not included in the AutoPIPE’s database.

Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPE’s graphical interface.

In this manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with one operation using

AutoPIPE’s graphical select options or by clicking on a particular frame element.

NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS

AutoPIPE provides directional supports, gaps, friction, bilinear spring supports and nonlinear buried

pipeline analysis. Users can specify both gaps and friction at a support point to simulate real world

boundary conditions. AutoPIPE provides 2-point restraint functionality to define tie rods with gaps,

pipe/structure interaction, and other connectivity between any 2 points in the system.

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for nonlinear load sequencing. Users can, for example, specify

that wind, seismic, or other occasional loads are analyzed in sequence immediately after the gravity

load or specify that the occasional loads are analyzed after thermal. In this manner, users can

accurately calculate loads and stresses for occasional loads acting on the operating position of the

piping or the ambient position of the piping. Load sequencing options also allow the user to calculate

gravity and thermal loads using nonlinear analysis and seismic loads using linear analysis (as

recommended by UBC and other design standards) in the same run.

LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS

AutoPIPE provides a link to WinNOZL for calculations of local shell stresses per British Standard

5500, Welding Research Council bulletin 107, 297, and 368, using stress allowables and load

combinations as specified by ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and 2. Various piping load combinations on

tanks can be examined in accordance with the API 650 code.

Further, AutoPIPE provides unique options for hillside nozzles and reinforcing pad calculations.

These are available for cylinders, spheres, cones, semi-ellipses, and torispheres. The automatic

importing of AutoPIPE piping loads saves time and minimizes user errors.

FINITE ELEMENT THEORY

AutoPIPE is a finite element program used to analyze piping and structural systems subjected to static

and dynamic loads. Use of intelligent defaults allows the user to analyze complex systems without in-

depth knowledge of finite element theory.

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra, phased

harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. For modal analysis,

INTRODUCTION

FEATURE SUMMARY


AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass and zero period

acceleration may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark

problems and provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor movements, and code case N411

capability.

AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of waterhammer, steamhammer,

and relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic analysis, and special thermal

bowing analysis for partially hot filled liquid pipelines. Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can

calculate flow induced vibrations, or pulsations associated with reciprocating equipment, and

automatically transfer those harmonic loads directly into AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping

responses.

POST PROCESSING

After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses, loads,

deflections, or mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations, and pop-up

windows enable the engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical areas without having to

review a voluminous amount of batch output data.

Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or without filters,

for on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed automatically. Unique filter

options allow the user to generate custom output reports based on user-defined stress, deflection, or

load criteria. AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple thermal, wind, seismic, wave, and dynamic

loads all in one analysis with Min/Max load summaries.

Using AutoPIPE’s graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included in the

output report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points in a 1,000 point

model.

PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE

AutoPIPE checks and generates code compliance reports for the following piping codes:

! ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, B31.8

! ASME Section III Class 1, 2, 3

! European EN13480

! Canadian CAN/CSA – Z662

! B31.4 Offshore

! B31.8 Offshore

! CSA-Z662 Offshore

! British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code)

INTRODUCTION

NEW FEATURES IN VERSION 9.1


! Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2

! Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6

! Dutch Stoomwezen D1101

! Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and Japanese

KHK

! French RCC-M and SNCT

CAD INTERFACES

AutoPIPE 9.1 can import CAD piping models from Bentley AutoPLANT, Bentley PlantSpace and

Intergraph PDS plant design systems.

AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format into AutoCAD

or MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE can save man-

hours in the creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent errors associated with

manual entry of piping models.

ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS

AutoPIPE provides unique capabilities for underground and subsea pipeline analysis, dynamic

loading, nonlinear restraints, and orthotropic piping analysis. Following is a summary of advanced

AutoPIPE capabilities:

Built-in wave loading, buried pipeline analysis, pipe/structure interaction, calculation of local stresses,

thermal bowing analysis, time history dynamic analysis, fluid transient synthesizers, gaps & friction,

relief valve load calculator, FRP/GRP pipe analysis, jacketed piping, 30 piping codes.


The following is a list of new significant features and updates in Bentley AutoPIPE:

ANALYSIS

! Added an option to set rigid anchor/support stiffness values

! Decouple pressure stiffening in modal analysis from one in static analysis

! Add absolute sum method for modal summation of missing mass modes

! Perform multiple analyses using Analysis sets with different hot moduli

! Add thermal transient analysis (TTA) for ASME Class 1

! Allow Ec/Eh ratio for expansion stresses to include all piping codes

INTRODUCTION



! Add 'Analyze All' option to run user selected analyses

! Delete Analysis results

COMMUNICATION

! Add RSS news feed screen

GRAPHICAL INTERFACE

! Consolidate code and non-code combinations into one Grid interface

IMPORT /EXPORT

! Stand-alone translator to import PCF files, e.g. SmartPlant (not included with AutoPIPE).

! Update Caesar translator to read / write v5.1 format

INTEROPERABILITY

! Save as version 9.0 DAT files from version 9.1

! Add Vista Compatability ('Works with Vista')

LIBRARIES

! Update Yamashita hanger data in EQUIP.LIB file with Lisega hanger data

! Add Chinese GD material and pipe libraries

! Add API5L materials to ASME B31.1 material library

! Add low alloy material 1.4901 to European material library

! Add B366, B619, B622, & B464 materials to ASME B31.3 material library

MODELING

! Ability to combine segments and reverse segment direction

! Ability to split a segment into 2 segments

! Allow inserting and editing line numbers

! Add an option to renumber segments

! Add reference node note to Rotating equipment dialog

! Add 'Fillet welded' and 'Double-welded slip-on' joint end types

! Add actuator with COG weight to Valve

INTRODUCTION



! Increase number of thermal and User load cases

! Add "Pulled" option to bend type

! Add Bolt weight to Flange dialog

! Generate multiple xtra data

! Enter spring figure and size on the spring hanger support dialog

PIPING CODES

! Issue a warning for high D/T ratio for certain codes

! Add ASME III Class 1 Nuclear piping code

! Add JSME S NC1-PPC 2005 piping code (Japanese Nuclear Class 2)

! Update ASME B31.4-2002 piping code to 2006 edition

! Update ASME B31.3 piping code to 2006 edition

! Update ASME B31.1 to 2007 addenda edition

POST PROCESSING

! Option to display continuous string dimensioning including supports

! Add batch processing switch to export the results MDB file

! 1992 + 93 Addenda NB NC ND

! Improvements to Stressiso edition 1.0 (Show line number, JSIF and Tee data, save to DGN)

REPORTS

! Allow more than 80 columns for printed reports

! Print the occasional k-factor in the output report

! Add support Tag to spring hanger report

! Add interpolation method and damping ratio to output report

SECURITY

! Add nuclear license for ASME III Class 1 piping code

INTRODUCTION

AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR



The following table shows differences between AutoPIPE Standard, Plus and Nuclear Editions.

Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Plus AutoPIPE Nuclear Hanger " " "#Static Linear " " "#Static Nonlinear " " "#Modal " " "#Response Spectrum (SRSS combination method only)

" " "#

Harmonic " "#Force Spectrum " "#Time History " "#SAM " "#Buried pipe " "#NUREG combinations and Code case 411 spectrum

" "#

Static correction - Missing mass correction and ZPA

" "#

10 Response Spectrum load cases " "#Static earthquake " " "#Wind - ASCE, UBC and User Profile " " "#Thermal Bowing " "# "#Wave loading and buoyancy " "#Fluid Transient Loads " "#Relief Valve Loads " "#Thermal Transient Analysis # "#Fatigue Analysis (class 1) # "#ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8 " " "#European piping code EN13480 " " "#B31.4 Offshore, A31.8 Offshore & CSA_Z662 Offshore codes

"# "#

ASME III Class 2 and Class 3 (multiple years) "# "#ASME Class III and Class I # "#JSME S NC1-PPC "# "#ASME B31.1-1967 " "#Canadian piping codes " "#International piping codes " "#KHK Level 2 piping code # Note 1# "#LoadSets for multiple static analyses # "# "#General piping code " " "#

INTRODUCTION



Feature AutoPIPE AutoPIPE Plus AutoPIPE Nuclear Rotating Equipment reports " " "#Large model size " " "#Beam elements for modeling frames and supports " " "#Material and Component Library utilities " " "#STAAD Structural Libraries "# "# "#

Note 1: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.

MAXIMUM DEFINED STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD CASES:

Load Cases Standard 6.3 Plus 6/3 Standard 9.1 Plus 9.1 Nuclear 9.1 Gravity 1 1 1 1 1 Hydrotest 1 1 1 1 1 Thermal 3 3 5 100 100 Pressure 3 3 5 100 100 Static Earthquake 3 3 5 10 10 Wind 3 3 5 10 10 User 3 3 5 140 140 Response Spectrum 3 10 5 10 10 Harmonic N/A 3 N/A 10 10 Seismic Anch or Movement N/A 3 N/A 10 10 Force Spectrum N/A 3 N/A 10 10 Time History N/A 3 N/A 10 10 Static Analysis Cases 12 12 27 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2] 82 [Note 2] Note 2: Maximum number of load cases that can be analyzed in a single analysis set during a static

analysis run in v9.1. However an unlimited number of analysis sets can be run in a single static

analysis in v9.1.

= Gravity (1) + Hydrotest (1) + Thermal (20) + Pressure (20) + Static Earthquake (10) +

Wind (10) + User (20)

= 82 cases for Plus & Nuclear (27 for Standard)

Up to 100 different thermal loadings can be defined and analyzed in a single static analysis.

Only 20 thermal load cases per analysis set e.g. if want to run 50 thermal cases then define

across 3 analysis sets. Since each analysis set can have analyze up to 82 static cases, so

literally 100’s of loads can be analyzed in different scenarios with different options, linear ,

non-linear , hot or cold modulus etc in the same static analysis run.

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS


SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Before installing AutoPIPE Version 9.1, be sure your computer meets the following, minimum

requirements:

! Platform: AutoPIPE is designed to run on the following platforms/operating systems. At a

minimum, your computer should meet the requirements for that system; for example, the

amount of RAM required by AutoPIPE depends on the RAM requirements of the

environment in which you will be working:

! - Windows 2000

- Windows XP Professional edition

- Windows Vista Business edition

! Hard disk space: Approximately 100 MB

! Video Graphics Card: OpenGL 3D graphics supported

! Processor: Intel Pentium-based PC 486 or higher

! RAM: minimum 128 MB

! Internet: Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 or greater

RELEASE NOTES

The latest program release information and changes to the program that are not included in the manual are

listed in the README file located in the AutoPIPE program directory. This file can be opened from the

AutoPIPE Readme option in AutoPIPE for Windows menu in the taskbar.

INTRODUCTION

TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES



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Bentley users not currently subscribed to Bentley SELECT should visit the Contacts Page at

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SELECT Services Online is an all-encompassing repository of technical information and support

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INTRODUCTION



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INTRODUCTION



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INTRODUCTION

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS


DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

A number of conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial to make the information presented

easier to identify and understand.

CONVENTION DESCRIPTION

NOTE: Precedes information of general importance. HINT: Precedes optional time-saving information. WARNING: Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normal operating conditions. FILENAMES Directory paths and file names are italicized. Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Program Code Excerpts from text or basic script files and script variables and statements appear in the font shown. INPUT Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown. Menu & Buttons Menu commands and dialog buttons appear in a sans serif font that stands out from normal body text. Example: After selecting the File menu, press the OK button in the dialog.

Dialogs Field_Name Dialog and database table names are italicized. Example: The Preferences dialog. Select Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog. Pick Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing.

Throughout this Tutorial, the menu command sequence required to execute a command will be explicitly defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button is presented in the left margin.


BASIC CONCEPTS

This section introduces you to some of the basic concepts and modeling

practices employed by AutoPIPE. You are also introduced to the interface and

guided through some basic procedures.

USING THE ON-LINE HELP 2-2BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW 2-3STARTING AUTOPIPE 2-4LOADING A MODEL 2-5INTERFACE 2-9AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS 2-12BASIC TASKS 2-18

2

BASIC CONCEPTS

USING THE ON-LINE HELP


USING THE ON-LINE HELP

The intent of this document is to familiarize you with the features and interface of AutoPIPE. It is not

a comprehensive User’s Guide or Command Reference. For a complete listing of all AutoPIPE

commands and features, as well as for a list of reference topics and other useful information, refer to

the extensive on-line help system that has been provided with your software. Bentley Help has been

designed to provide you access to a variety of different types of help. The suggestions below will

make the help system more useful.

! Dialog and Context-sensitive Help: From within a dialog, you have a variety of help available.

When a field has the focus, you can press the F1 key to obtain field-specific information. You can

also press the ? key in the title bar of the dialog, then select any of the fields in the dialog. This

second method has the advantage of being able to access help related to grayed-out (disabled)

items. Additionally, from within a dialog you can always press the Help button to access overview

information related to that dialog.

! Menu Level Help: A variety of techniques are provided for gaining access to menu command help.

You can highlight any of the AutoPIPE menu commands then press F1 to jump directly to

command-specific help. You can also interactively navigate through the help system by selecting

the Help/Menu command.

! Help Topics: You can view a “book layout” i.e. Contents of the help system at any time by

pressing the toolbar button.

! Index: An extensive index of help topics has been provided. Press the Help button on any dialog or

select Help/Contents from the menu, then click on the Index tab and type in a topic in the field

provided. The index list will filter as you type.

! Relationship between Command Reference and Reference Information: A link exists between many

of the help topics in the Menu Command Reference section and supplemental reference

information which explains code compliance calculations, available component and material

libraries, etc. After reviewing general help for a particular topic, check if there are additional links

displayed at the bottom of the main topic window.

! Related Topics: Some Help Topics are logically linked. In these instances, pressing a RelatedTopics button will present a list of topics related to the open item. Highlight a selection in this list

to open a related topic.

! Examples: An extensive on-line workbook has been provided which contains procedures for many

common AutoPIPE tasks. You can get to this area from the main help page, through the table of

contents, or by links provided within one of the topics themselves.

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW


! Considerations and Notes: Some topics have supplemental considerations and notes available.

These features explain additional design considerations and requirements of which you should be

aware.

! Printing: It is very easy to produce hard copies of help documentation. To print the current topic,

simply press Print from the topic window. Bentley Help will send the topic to the default

Windows printer. To print a range of topics, go the Contents tab and highlight a folder. A dialog

Print Topic will display on screen with the options “Print the selected topic” or “Print the

selected heading and all sub topics”.

! Additional information on Help: For more information on using Windows Help Systems, press F1

while in any help topic. The Windows Help file is opened, which contains specific information on

maximizing the power of windows help systems.

BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW

This chapter provides you with a tour of the AutoPIPE interface, and walks you through several of the

most basic tasks from opening a model and defining a new system to placing a few components. If you

are a new user, you should carefully review the discussions of selecting points, specifying ranges, and

inserting components. Veteran users who are switching from DOS to the Windows edition of

AutoPIPE should also note that the new interface allows for many tasks to be performed graphically

rather than through a series of keystrokes.

This Chapter introduces you to the most basic AutoPIPE tasks, including:

! Starting AutoPIPE: Double-click on the AutoPIPE icon (or select it from a taskbar)

! Loading a system model: The first step in every AutoPIPE session is either to define a new system

model or load an existing one.

! Navigating the interface: This section covers basic interface navigation techniques and introduces

you to the program interface, menu structure, and command techniques.

! AutoPIPE Modeling Concepts: When modeling in AutoPIPE it is important to understand some of

the concepts and techniques the designers have built into the interface. This section briefly

describes modeling concepts and principles.

Each of these topics is covered briefly in this chapter. The intention is to give you a general

understanding of these concepts. For more detailed information regarding a particular command or

activity, refer to the appropriate section of the AutoPIPE on-line help. Chapter 3 of this Getting

Started manual includes a walk-through tutorial of AutoPIPE features for the novice user.

BASIC CONCEPTS

STARTING AUTOPIPE


Note Before you can begin working with AutoPIPE, the software must be installed and configured for your system. STARTING AUTOPIPE

The procedure for starting AutoPIPE is provided below:

1. From the Windows’ Start menu, select the AutoPIPE icon from the Bentley AutoPIPE Tprogram

group.

2. The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.

BASIC CONCEPTS

LOADING A MODEL


LOADING A MODEL

After opening AutoPIPE, the next step is to either create/define a new system or to load an existing

one. Both procedures are provided below.

DEFINING A NEW MODEL

The first step in creating a new model is to name and define the model as described below:

1. Select File > New to open the New dialog shown below.

2. Indicate the path where the file will be stored using standard Windows file selection techniques

(i.e., highlight the appropriate drive, then the directory where the file will be stored).

3. After the path information is specified, type the name of the model in the File name field, and

then press Save.

Note The next several steps will present a series of dialogs for the definition of the model and its operating parameters. Each of these dialogs is discussed briefly below for the purpose of demonstrating the sequence of steps required to create a new model. In the next chapter we’ll take a closer look at the definition of model properties. As always, you can also refer to the on-line help for comprehensive dialog information.

BASIC CONCEPTS

LOADING A MODEL


4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.

Complete each of the fields to adequately describe your model. Of particular note is the Piping

Code selection list, which allows you to choose from a variety of pre-defined piping codes. After

completing the dialog, press OK.

Note You can set SI units to be your default units by copying the SI.UNT file in the program folder into AUTOPIPE.UNT file. You can also use DIN sizes by selecting AUTODIN as the component library. 5. The Segment dialog is displayed for the definition of the initial segment that will be used as the

starting point of your model. Define the starting point name, any offset values, and a pipe

identifier that will be associated with all components that belong to that segment. As components

are placed on the line, point names are generated. The default point names always begin with the

segment name (“A” in the example below) to which they belong. After completing the dialog,

press OK.

BASIC CONCEPTS

LOADING A MODEL


6. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. From this location you define the initial pipe properties

of the model. This dialog will be explained in the next chapter. After completing the dialog, press OK.

7. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed for the definition of operating loads. Enter

values in each of the fields as required by the demands of your system, then press OK to close the

dialog.

8. The setup of the new model is complete. You can now add a component to the first point (A00) in

the system (or insert an offset distance from this point). In the next chapter, we’ll create a new

model and demonstrate methods for placing and connecting components.

LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL

1. Select File > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). A dialog like the one shown below is displayed.

BASIC CONCEPTS

LOADING A MODEL


2. Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the Files list,

then press OK. The previously saved model and its data are now available for editing or report

generation.

BASIC CONCEPTS

INTERFACE


INTERFACE

The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and reviewing models

of any complexity.

SCREEN LAYOUT

Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPE’s interface by examining the areas of the screen

annotated below.

BASIC CONCEPTS

INTERFACE


DIALOGS

Dialogs present and request information.

! Press OK to accept the values in a dialog

! Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For example, there

is a limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the appropriate code from a list

when the cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is contained inside the dialog itself, and is

opened by pressing on the $ adjacent to that field.

! The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right hand

corner of the screen.

! To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Enter from the dialog is the

equivalent of pressing OK. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the mouse to select

the desired location.

! Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a ". Positioning the cursor in that field and then

pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state.

! Press F1 key on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To obtain “big

picture” dialog help, press the Help button.

KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS

As you begin creating a model, you’ll soon become familiar with AutoPIPE’s use of dialogs to gather

information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the fields of a dialog,

many users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below.

TASK KEYBOARD

Advance to next field Return to previous field Accept values and close dialog Cancel values and close dialog

BASIC CONCEPTS

INTERFACE


UNITS FORMAT

As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the status bar

in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs of our users,

AutoPIPE allows special characters to be used to decipher the field format and convert these to

decimal equivalents. The types of input which are allowed when inputting English units are illustrated

in the table below:

DECIMAL FEET FEET-INCHES

2.2708 2’3.25” 2’3.25 2’3”1/4 2-3-1/4

1.0417 1’.5” 1’.5 1’0”1/2 1-0.51-0-1/2

0.0625 0.75” 0’.75 0’0”3/4 0-0.750-0-3/4

1.0833 1’1” 1’1 13” 0’13 1-11-1-0

Note Only the coordinates in “Offset” fields (i.e., “Length”,“DX/DY/DZ”) use architectural units. You can have AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting “Use feet-inches display format” in Tools > Model Options > Edit. Note that the feet-inches only works when the length unit is ft.

BASIC CONCEPTS

AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS


MENU STRUCTURE

All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the menu system. For a detailed description of the

capabilities and functionality of a specific command, refer to the AutoPIPE On-line Help Menu

Reference. The top menu that is displayed above the drawing area depends on the current mode of the

program:

! The standard Menu is displayed when building or editing a model

! AutoPIPE can be placed in a Worksheet Mode, which displays a model’s data in spreadsheet

format.

Note that each of these menus has a toolbar associated with it.

TOOLBARS

AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command toolbars are always

docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from this location. The component and

view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its position along the right and left side of the

screen respectively and positioned as a “floating toolbar” in the modeling area of the screen. To

reposition it, simply “drag” the title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize.

Hint If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a second or two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button. HOTKEYS

A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys. In

AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control and then pressing a letter key.

Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these hotkeys are

displayed in the AutoPIPE pull-down menus next to the item it executes.


Experienced users of AutoPIPE have come to appreciate the speed and efficiency with which detailed,

data-rich models can be created, modified, and reviewed. If you are a novice user, it is important to

understand some basic concepts of the program.

! Models are created from individual pipe segments

! Components are attached to the active point (cursor location)

! The piping system geometry and properties can be modified

BASIC CONCEPTS



UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS

Each piping system is divided into a number of segments. As an example, the sample model shown

below contains five segments labeled A through E. Piping models are entered into the program,

segment by segment. They may be extended or modified at any time by either adding more segments

or changing existing ones. The segments are labeled automatically (A through E in the example). If

more than twenty-six segments are entered, the additional ones are labeled AA, AB, AC and so on.

Although most of the piping segment definition is handled automatically with AutoPIPE, in some

circumstances it is advantageous to plan the model in advance and divide it into logical “segments”

before creating the system (see ‘Rules for defining Pipe Segments’). Typically, a segment would begin

and end at anchor points or a branch connection. However, as shown in Figure 2-1 on the facing page,

at point D02, a pipeline may be divided into two or more contiguous segments. Whenever a tee/branch

is inserted, AutoPIPE automatically assigns a new segment identifier. Each new segment begins with a

different alpha character, making it easier for node numbering and easier to keep track of segments

when reviewing input listings or output results.

When defining a new system, AutoPIPE automatically displays the first Segment screen (the first

segment is segment A). In this screen, the user must specify starting X,Y, Z coordinates of the

Segment and input a Pipe identifier name. A Pipe identifier is used to assign properties. The Pipe

identifier can be any name that the user wishes to use. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful name

such as the first few letters of a line ID or something like 8”std (indicating 8” nominal diameter,

standard schedule wall thickness) to help you keep track of pipe properties when reviewing the model.

These properties will be applied to all components attached to that pipe identifier until otherwise

specified by inputting a new pipe identifier name in one of the component dialogue screens. After

inputting a new Pipe identifier name, the Pipe properties dialogue screen will automatically be

displayed for input. For example, if you define a Pipe identifier as a 4-inch line, then all following

components will default to those same properties until the user types in a new Pipe identifier name on

a component dialogue. A segment can be made up of multiple pipe identifiers.

Existing Pipe properties can be easily modified using either Modify/Properties of Pipe Identifier (which

modifies that Pipe Identifier throughout the entire model, wherever it was used) or by graphical

selection of a range of points and Modify/Pipe Properties Over Range.

Note AutoPIPE makes extensive use of dialogs to obtain user input. A discussion of techniques for navigating throughout the fields of a dialog is provided later in this chapter.

BASIC CONCEPTS



Figure 2-1: Pipe Segments

BASIC CONCEPTS



RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS

A number of rules govern the definition of piping segments; they are listed as follows:

1. Each segment has a forward and backward direction and is entered as a sequence of points.

AutoPIPE automatically keeps track of the local axis of the segment, making it convenient to

insert intermediate points or components using the Length field. These points are automatically

assigned alphanumeric names (which the user can override), with a maximum of four characters

each. For example, in Figure 2-1, segment B is defined by points A03, B01, B02, B03, B04, and

B05, all of which have default names. The default increment in point names is 1. This increment

can be changed under Tools/Model Options/Edit. AutoPIPE can automatically renumber point

names after editing using the Renumber button or Edit/Renumber.

2. Wind loads and Hydrotest can be turned on and off on a segment by segment basis, so keep that in

mind when creating your model. Also, AutoPIPE provides options to view the model, graphically

select, delete, or view output results on a segment by segment basis.

3. Global coordinates must be entered for the first point of the first segment (default global

coordinates of Segment A is 0,0,0). AutoPIPE automatically displays the first segment screen for

the user. This is point A00 in the example. Then, each point along the segment is typically

located by offsets from the preceding point, until the whole segment has been defined (e.g. points

A00 to A06 for segment A).

4. Subsequent segments typically begin at points which have been defined previously (point A03 in

segment B is an example). These points are either branch points or continuation points (see #6

below). Since these points have already been defined, entering coordinate data for them is not

necessary.

5. Although Subsequent segments typically begin or end at an existing point, this is not necessary for

the program to function correctly. It is often more convenient to start a disconnected segment in

space using Insert/Segment or clicking on the Segment button, typing in the name of the first point

(in this case, make sure that the name of the first point on the segment is not the name of a

previously defined point), and assigning the starting X,Y,Z coordinates of that new Segment. For

example, it may be more convenient to define suction and discharge sections as disconnected

segments without having to model the equipment (see Pump Modeling Example in AutoPIPE on-

line help). Also, the ability to handle disconnected segments is a big advantage when importing

sections from a CAD model.

6. A continuation point is established when a new segment is defined to begin at the end point of an

existing segment (see point D02 in the Figure 2-1). This is typically done to divide a long length

of pipe into shorter segments or to turn on and off wind loads or hydrotest on a segment by

segment basis.

7. A tee branch connection point is any point which joins two or more pipe segments, and requires a

multiple pipe connection (see points A03, and B05 in the Figure 2-1) such as a tee or cross. A

continuation point can be made into a branch point using Modify/Convert Point to/Tee.

8. Cut and paste automatically creates a new segment.

BASIC CONCEPTS



When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that everything at

the current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.

GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT

In previous versions of AutoPIPE, users would have to insert a new segment at an existing run point in

order to insert a tee branch connection. With the new Tee element, this procedure is no longer required

(although users can still input a tee branch by inserting a segment at a run point if desired).

The Tee element automates the insertion of tees and includes the offset distance from the previous

point. For example, if a user wishes to insert a tee point on a header 5 feet away from his current point

(active point), he clicks on the Tee button or Insert/Tee and inputs an offset of 5 feet as well as the tee

type information for stress intensification purposes. The Tee element will automatically assign a new

segment once the user begins to input the branch. AutoPIPE will keep this point a tee for stress

intensification, even if the user does not create a branch. In some cases, users may choose not to input

small diameter vent or drain pipe branches, but still want the stress intensification factor at the tee

connection point. AutoPIPE displays a graphical symbol at Tee points enabling users to visually

review tee locations. Users can also click on Tee arrows to easily switch between the header and

branch side of the tee.

Users can convert an existing run point to a Tee using Modify/Convert point to/Tee command.

UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT

After defining and inserting a segment, you’ll notice that a small crosshair appears in the drawing area.

This crosshair represents the currently active point. The active point is also displayed in the status area

immediately below the drawing area.

When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting a component

type for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting point of the

component to be inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment the point to the next

value and concatenate this with the letter that defines the current segment. For example, if you are

inserting a run point on Segment A that contains nothing but an anchor point, the Run Point dialog

will contain the value A01 in the Name of Point field.

To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The crosshairs

should redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the new point as well.

In a complex model, you can click on the Go To Point button and type in your desired active point

BASIC CONCEPTS



location. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the active point as described

below.

It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For example, in

Figure 2-1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03 segment A and point

A03 segment B. The active point name and segment location is displayed in the bottom right hand

corner of your screen. In order to toggle between multiple segments on the same Point location, it is

usually more convenient to use the up and down arrow keys (see following section on keyboard

commands).

CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD

As an alternative to the mouse, the “Active Point” crosshairs can be controlled using the keyboard.

KEY TASK

% Move to the next point in the current segment (forward segment direction). & Move to the previous point in the current segment (backward segment direction). ' When at a segment junction, move to the next segment that connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible). $ When at a segment junction, move to the previous segment that connects to the current point (more than 2 segments are possible).

Move to the first point of the next segment. Move to the last point of the previous segment. Move to the next intermediate soil point for the current soil region. Move to the previous intermediate soil point for the current soil region.

MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY

It is not necessary for a piping system to be defined completely in a single AutoPIPE session, because

AutoPIPE allows a wide variety of additions, deletions, and changes to be made. In particular:

1. New segments can be added at any time.

2. Previously defined segments can be extended at any time.

3. Existing segments can be modified, or can be deleted and replaced.

4. A complete system, or sections of a system, can be copied within the same job or between

separate jobs with automatic renumbering.

5. Components can be inserted, deleted, or modified at any time.

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC TASKS


Warning As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety of inconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning or error messages.However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible inconsistencies. Users must take care in making changes, and must review the changes carefully, to insure that the modified geometry and properties are correct. BASIC TASKS

This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following:

! Executing a command

! Selecting a component

! Inserting a component

! Modifying a component

! Deleting a component

! Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)

EXECUTING A COMMAND

Commands can be executed in one of three ways:

! Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar.

! Select a command from the menu system

! Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu system. As an

example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The key-in command

option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely efficient method of input.

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC TASKS


SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS

! Click on it with the mouse. By clicking on the outer edge of a component, the component turns

red to indicate that it is selected. If it is a two-point component such as a valve or flexible joint,

the red indicates that the beginning point and end point of a two-point component have been

selected.

! Graphically select a range of points (see following ‘Selecting a Range of Points’ section)

INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT

! Position the cursor on the desired point by clicking on it, then click on one of the component

buttons from the toolbar. To insert an intermediate run point, or multiple run points, click on the

pipe run button.

! Position the cursor on the insertion point, and then select the desired component from the Insertmenu.

! Users can graphically select a range to insert across ranges of points with one command (see

‘Selecting a Range’)

! Place the cursor on the desired point, then use the keyboard equivalent menu commands to key-in

the insertion

! Position the cursor over the desired button, press and hold the left mouse button, then “drag” the

button off the toolbar and “drop” it onto the desired point by releasing the mouse button. This is

known as the “drag and drop” technique.

MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS

Use one of the techniques below to modify points or components.

! Using the mouse, double click on the graphical representation of the component to open its

associated dialog. Double click on a point to modify point offsets.

! Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then right-click the component

to be modified from the toolbar.

! Click on one of the points associated with the component, then select the component name from

the Modify menu.

! Users can graphically select a range to modify across a range of points with one command (see

‘Selecting a Range’)

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC TASKS


! Display the Input grids then select the appropriate grid tab and modify the value in the cell(s).

Double clicking a row in the Input grids will display the Modify dialog. Note: Ctrl+Enter,

Copy/Paste or Copy Down can be used to change values over multiple cells.

DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS

Use one of the techniques below to delete existing points or components:

! Select the unwanted component with the mouse then press the Delete key on the keyboard.

! Select the unwanted component then press the Delete button on the command toolbar.

! Position the cursor on one of the points, or select a range of points, then hold down the [Shift] and

right-click the component to be deleted from the toolbar.

! Graphically select a range, then select the corresponding component name from the Delete menu

to delete across an entire range of points with one command (see Selecting a Range).

! Select the unwanted component then select the Edit/Delete menu command.

! Select it with the mouse or position the active point at that location, then select the corresponding

component name from the Delete menu.

! Select the appropriate row in the Input Grids and Press the Delete key on the keyboard. Note:

Multiple rows can be deleted at time.

SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET)

Selection of ranges is a powerful tool within AutoPIPE that users should become familiar with. By

graphically selecting ranges of points, users can insert, modify, or delete components, properties,

loads, and other data across ranges of points with one command or graphically select points to be

included in the output reports. Also, selection of ranges is required in order to graphically cut, copy, or

paste.

There are several methods available to graphically select ranges of points. By using buttons or the Select menu or Input Grids, users can select by a number of different criteria such as by segment, point

names, component type, pipe diameter and other parameters. In addition, users can create a mouse

zoom box Window and click on the Select all points in Window button to select a range. Another

common method used to select a range is to click on the first point in the range, press and hold the [Shift] key, then click on the last point in the range. The selection set will highlight in red. This is the

same technique used to select ranges in Word, Excel, and other popular Windows programs.

To create a selection set that includes components that are not part of a contiguous run, use the [Ctrl]key as follows: To add more components to this set, or delete points from this set press and hold the

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC TASKS


[Ctrl] key and select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows you to select a set of

components that are not continuous. Alternatively, Select/Point enables buttons that can add or

subtract from the selection set on a point by point basis.

The Select/Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to input

“From” and “To” points inside a dialog.

In any Input Grid Tab, select a group of rows or cells (same column) using [Ctrl] or [Shift] keys will

highlight the selected points in red on the graphic. Note: The point symbol and names will be

highlighted when selecting from the Points or Pres/Temp/PipeID Tabs. These two tabs enable

selection of all points in the model. The Pres/Temp/PipeID Tab also provides a range selection up to

and including the bend near or far points. All other grid Tabs will highlight the component symbol and

the thermal anchor movements tab will highlight the anchor symbol on the graphic.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE FIRST AUTOPIPETUTORIAL MODEL

The following chapters in this Tutorial guide you through the creation of a

sample AutoPIPE model. After the model is created, you will learn how to

define loads, analyze the system, and produce output reports.

CHAPTER 3: CREATING A NEW MODELCHAPTER 4: MODIFYING PROPERTIESCHAPTER 5: LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTSCHAPTER 6: OUTPUT REPORTS

I


CREATING A NEW MODEL

In this chapter you will create the first tutorial model. Before placing

components in a model, you must define the associated piping code, pressure

and temperature loads, starting coordinates, and other factors. These values are

used after the model is constructed in the analysis of stress, operating loads, code

compliance, etc. After the model properties are defined, you will route two

segments and experiment with AutoPIPE’s Undo and Redo features.

OVERVIEW 3-2CREATING A NEW SYSTEM 3-3ROUTING SEGMENT A 3-8ROUTING SEGMENT B 3-24CHAPTER REVIEW 3-43

3


OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In this chapter, you will build the first of two tutorial models. Each step of the model creation process

is discussed, and various model construction techniques are introduced. At the completion of this

chapter, you will have built the model shown below:


CREATING A NEW SYSTEM



When a new system is created, AutoPIPE automatically presents a series of dialogs that allow you to

establish the piping code, pressure and temperature loads, pipe materials, and other factors. This

section guides you through the completion of each of these dialogs.

Note Before beginning this exercise, you may want to create a directory on your local drive where the tutorial model can be saved. > TO CREATE A NEW SYSTEM

1. Select File > New.

2. The New dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Type TUTOR1 in the File Name

field, then press Save.

Note By default, the file is saved in the same directory where AutoPIPE is installed. If you’d prefer, save the tutorial model in a separate directory. 3. The General Model Options dialog is automatically displayed. For the first tutorial model, let’s

discuss some of these areas in detail. First, input the following values:

+ Project ID: AutoPIPE Tutorial 1+ Prepared by: {your initials}

Note The values you input in these two fields will appear in the headers of reports that are generated on the system.




4. AutoPIPE filters many of its dialogs based on the Piping Code to ensure code compliance and to

help you properly identify various elements of the system. Select B31.3 Process from the Piping Code selection list (press the down arrow next to the field to open a list of the available codes).

5. Notice the Vertical Axis field. AutoPIPE models are constructed in three-dimensional space, which

means that you must be aware of three direction vectors. By default, the vertical axis will be set to

the Y-axis. However, if you’d like to customize the vector that is considered to run in the vertical

plane, you could change this value. For our model, accept the Y-axis default.

6. The next field of interest is the Number of Thermal/Pressure Cases. In order to define two

thermal/pressure cases for analysis, input a value of 2 in this field.

7. There are several methods for navigating within AutoPIPE dialogs. You can use the mouse to

position the cursor in a field, or press Tab to jump to the next field in sequence. For example,

press Tab now to jump to the Ambient Temperature field, which contains a value of 70°F {21.1°C}.After this field is highlighted, examine the status bar at the bottom of the AutoPIPE application




window. The lower right hand corner will always display the units associated with the active field.

In this case, the status field reads deg F. A brief glance at the Units area of the status bar will

always help you to confirm the units associated with the active field. Accept the default Ambient

Temperature value of 70 {21.1}.8. Press OK to close the General Model Options dialog.

9. The Segment dialog is automatically displayed.

The Segment dialog allows you to assign a name and starting location for the first pipe segment to

be placed in the model. Accept the (0,0,0) global coordinate default for the first segment (A). The

next step is to assign a Pipe Identifier to this segment. A set of pipe properties can be defined and

associated with a named ID. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful pipe identifier name such as

the first few letters of a line ID or a descriptive name. In our example, we will use 12”STD {300STD} to indicate a 12"{300mm} nominal, standard schedule wall thickness. Input 12"STD {300STD} in the Pipe data identifier field then press OK.

10. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Note that 12”STD {300STD} automatically appears in thePipe Identifier field of this dialog. These properties will be associated with all components

associated with the 12”STD {300STD}line.

Note During creation of the model, you can define a new segment and give it a new Pipe Identifier. Doing so will re-display the Pipe Properties dialog for the definition of the new pipe.




11. Specify the size of the pipe by selecting 12.000 {300} from the Nominal Diameter selection list.

12. Enter 1 {25} in the Insulation Thickness field.

13. From the Insulation Material field, select Calc for calcium silicate. After the insulation material is

selected, the dialog is automatically populated with insulation density values. AutoPIPE contains

a list of these definitions in its default libraries. If desired, you can override these values

manually.

14. From the Pipe Material field, select A106-B carbon steel type. As with the Insulation Material,AutoPIPE will automatically populate the material properties and stress allowables based on the

definitions in the library.

Note If a material is requested which is not in the library, the procedure would be to select NS (for Non-Standard), then define the material property values manually. 15. Press OK to close the Pipe Properties dialog. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is

automatically displayed. Note that two columns are available for input in this dialog. This is

because you entered “2” in the Number of Thermal/Pressure cases field (from the General Model

Options dialog). Input 350 (psi) {2.4 n/mm2} in the Case 1 Pressure field, then Tab to the Case 1 temperature and input 20 °F {-5° C}. After the Case 1 Pressure/Temperature values have been

specified, Tab to define the values for Case 2. Input a Case 2 Pressure of 350 {2.4} and a

temperature of 550 {285}.




16. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

17. The properties of the system and starting segment have now been defined. Notice that a marker

( + ) has been placed at the (0,0,0) starting point named A00.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


ROUTING SEGMENT A

Now that the system and pipe properties have been defined, you can begin placing components on

Segment A. After completing this section, you will have created the section of the model shown

below.

ROUTING FROM THE ANCHOR TO THE TEE

You will begin this system by inserting an anchor element. An anchor restrains the pipe in all 3

translational and all 3 rotational directions.

1. Select Insert > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog.

2. Press OK to accept the defaults and place a rigid anchor with no thermal movements.

The next component will be an elbow. An elbow (bend) is a unique component in AutoPIPE

because it must be offset a specified distance from an existing point, and because the orientation

of the bend is determined by the location of the next component placed in the model. The user

specifies the distance from the previous point to the tangent intersection point (TIP) of the bend

(see graphic below). After the TIP is known, the orientation of the elbow is determined by the

subsequent component.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


3. Select Insert > Bend to place the elbow. The Bend dialog is displayed as shown below.

4. You will place this elbow 10’ 3 ½” {3100mm}from the anchor point in the Z-direction. AutoPIPE

allows you to input architectural units. Tab twice to the DZ field and then input 10’3”1/2 {3100} as

shown above. (An equivalent entry would be 10-3-1/2). Tab to advance the cursor to the next field.

Notice that the Length field is updated automatically, and converts the feet/inches format to

decimal units. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


5. Select Insert > Bend to place a second elbow.

6. Tab twice to the DY-Offsets field and enter 10 {3000} to indicate a 10 foot {3000mm} vertical offset

dimension to the tangent intersection point. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as

shown in the following figure. Note that the first elbow is now drawn, while the second elbow is

not. This is because the second elbow is still awaiting the definition of a new point in order to

properly orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Also, AutoPIPE automatically placed a run

of pipe between the anchor and the first bend.

7. Select View > Solid Model View to display a three-dimensional view of the model as shown below.

Notice that a pipe segment exists between the anchor and the bend at point A01.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


8. Select Insert > Run to create a new run point. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the

following figure.

9. Tab once to the DX-Offsets field and enter – 3 {-900} to create a new run point 3 feet {900mm}

from the TIP of the second bend in the -X direction. Press OK to close the dialog. The model

appears as shown in the following figure.

10. The next step is to insert a reducer at point A03. Select Insert > Reducer to display the dialog

shown below.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


11. Enter 9" {225} (note the use of the inch symbol here) in the Length field. Note that the length field

keeps track of the local axis, saving you from having to type DX, DY, DZ offsets. Again, once

you Tab to advance the cursor, AutoPIPE automatically converts the Imperial units (9”) to the

decimal equivalent (0.75).

12. Since a reducer always has a different pipe property on the other end, you need to input a new

pipe identifier name to assign properties. Input 8"STD {200STD} in the Pipe Identifier field, and then

press OK.

13. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

14. Select 8.00 {200} from the Nominal Diameter selection list, and then press OK to accept the

remaining pipe property values. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


15. Next, you will insert a valve beginning at node A04 at the far point of the reducer. Select Insert > Valve to open the Valve dialog shown below.

16. In this example, you will allow the weight and length of the valve to be extracted from

AutoPIPE's valve database. Accept the default GATE-F valve and select a Pressure Rating of 300 as

shown above. Notice that valve length and weight are automatically filled in from the database

(the valve properties from the AutoPIPE database can be overridden). Press OK to close the

dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


17. There are several zooming controls provided by AutoPIPE. To zoom into the valve to examine it

in detail, click PT1 as shown in the figure above, and then press and hold the mouse window and

“drag” the cursor to define the opposite corner (PT2 in the figure above). A dotted line defines the

perimeter of the viewing window. Click the Windowed Zoom button on the toolbar (or right-click

with the mouse) to zoom into the defined area. The model appears as shown in the following

figure.

18. Notice that the valve requires a flange connection. To add flanges to both ends of the valve with

one command, you will first select the entire component. Click along the outer edge of the valve

to select and highlight it.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


19. Select Insert > Flange to display the Flange dialog.

20. Accept the default SLIP-ON Flange type. From the Pressure Rating list, select 300. In the Connection

to pipe, select Slip-On from the Joint End Type drop-down list. Press OK to accept the remaining

defaults. AutoPIPE's flange database is used for the definition of flange weights. Flanges are

placed on both sides of the valve as shown in the graphic below.

21. Select View > All. The extents of the model are displayed as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


ADDING A TEE

Now you will add a tee to this section of the line and finish Segment A. Later in this chapter you will

create a second segment that begins at the branch of the tee.

1. Click on point A05 at the open end of the valve/flange combination to make it the active point.

2. You will now specify new pressure/temperature loading conditions starting at point A05. Select Insert > Operating Pressure & Temperature. The following dialog is displayed.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


3. Input the following values:

Case 1 Case 2 Pressure 300 {2.0} 300 {2.0}

Temperature 10 {-10} 250 {120}

4. Tab once and notice that the stress allowable is updated automatically. Press OK to close the

dialog.

5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.

Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of

the valve and flange may need to be updated).

6. Next you will insert a tee from this point. Select Insert > Tee to display the Tee Point dialog.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


7. Click the Length field and enter 4 feet {1200}. The Tee element automatically inserts a 4 foot

{1200 mm} run of pipe and prompts the user to input tee information for stress intensification

purposes.

8. Select Welding from Type of Tee selection list. The crotch fields are displayed for the welding tee.

Keep the Consider crotch radius and thickness to use 4.4*T/r option disabled.

Note The tee types that appear in this list are filtered by AutoPIPE according to the piping code associated with the model. AutoPIPE will automatically compute stress intensification factors (SIF) for each type based on values stored in the component libraries. Select Other from the tee-type list to input user-specified in-plane and out-of-plane SIF's for nonstandard branch connections.9. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following

figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


10. Note that a graphic represents the placement of the tee without completing it. Like the Bend

symbol, which required a downstream point to orient the elbow, the tee can only be oriented after

its branch location is specified. Later in this chapter you will route components off this branch to

create Segment B.

Note In some cases, users may want to input a tee symbol for SIF purposes without specifying the branch.11. Select View/ All to view the extents of the model. The model appears as shown in the following

figure.

ADJUSTING THE VIEW AND COMPLETING THE SEGMENT

In this section, AutoPIPE’s custom view controls are introduced, and a pipe run and anchor are added

to the model to complete Segment A.

Because AutoPIPE models are three-dimensional, a variety of viewing controls has been provided to

allow you to view the model from different perspectives. One method of changing the view includes

the set of controls shown below.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


1. Press the Rotate Right icon seven times.

2. Next, press Rotate Up six times. The graphic representation appears as shown in the following

figure.

3. Note the control panel on the bottom of the model window. As an alternative to the icons, you can

interactively pan the model by selecting a point in the modeling area, holding the mouse button

down, and “dragging” the model to the desired view. For example, select a point and drag it to the

right to “pan” the model. When the graphic is displayed as shown in the following figure, release

the mouse button.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


Hint As with the rotation technique mentioned above, you can gain quick access to the PAN feature by right-clicking in the model area. The PAN icon appears. Click and hold the left mouse button to drag the model to a new area of the screen. 4. Press OK to close the Zoom panel (or double-click with the mouse). The 3D model now appears as

shown in the following figure.

5. Now let’s complete the pipe segment. Select Insert > Run.

6. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT A


7. Input 17 {5000} in the Length field, and then press OK. The model appears as shown in the

following figure.

8. Select Insert > Anchor.9. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.

10. Select View > Default to return to the initial view of the model. Select File > Save. The completed

view of Segment A is shown below.


ROUTING SEGMENT A



ROUTING SEGMENT B


ROUTING SEGMENT B

In this section of the tutorial you will create a second segment (B), which branches off the tee at point A06. During the creation of this segment, some of the techniques that can be used as alternatives to

traditional placement methods discussed previously will be introduced. You will also review the use of

AutoPIPE’s powerful Undo and Redo commands.

ROUTING FROM THE BRANCH AND CONVERTING A POINT

1. Select the branch arrow near point A06 to indicate that you want to begin routing components

from this branch. Point A06 and the branch arrow are highlighted red.

2. Select Insert > Run.

3. Input – 10 {-3000} in the DZ offset field.

4. Input 8”STD53 {200STD53} in the Pipe data Identifier field. Press OK to close the dialog.

5. AutoPIPE recognizes that 8”STD53 {200STD53} has not been previously defined and automatically

displays the Pipe Properties dialog.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


6. Select A53-B as the Pipe Material, and then press OK to close the dialog. AutoPIPE automatically

updates the Cold Allowable and pipe properties for the newly selected material.

7. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default values. The

model appears as shown in the following figure.

Earlier in this chapter you placed an elbow using the Insert > Bend command. An alternative method is

to simply route two perpendicular pipe runs, and then convert the intersecting point to an elbow. This

method is demonstrated below.



ROUTING SEGMENT B


2. Enter 6 {2000} in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field.

3. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice how the

two pipe runs are connected at point B01. Obviously, a bend is required at this location.

4. Select point B01 to make it active.

5. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Bend. An elbow is placed at the junction between the two pipe

runs as shown in the graphic below.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


EDITING CONTROLS

In this section you will review some of AutoPIPE’s editing controls. During this section of the tutorial

you will create and delete points, modify coordinates, etc., in order to demonstrate the powerful

editing commands in your toolbox.

1. Pick point B02 to continue routing Segment B from that point.


3. Press OK to accept the defaults and create a new run point 6 feet {2000mm} from B02 in the +Y

direction. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

4. Since a straight pipe run exists between B01 and B03, you really don’t need point B02. Select

point B02 to make it active, then delete the point using one of the following methods:

+ Select the Delete button on the toolbar

+ Press the Delete key on the keyboard

+ Select Delete > Point+ Select Delete > Run


ROUTING SEGMENT B


5. A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press Yes to delete the point. The model appears as shown in

the following figure.

6. Now let’s delete the entire segment. Ensure that Segment B is displayed in the status bar, and then

select Delete > Segment. When the confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to remove it. The

model appears as shown in the following figure.

7. Because AutoPIPE retains a history of the commands you have performed, you can choose to Undo or Redo certain actions. For example, select Edit > Undo. The deleted segment is restored as



ROUTING SEGMENT B


1. Select Edit > Undo again and the intermediate point B02 is restored as shown in the following

figure


ROUTING SEGMENT B


2. Select Edit > Undo twice more to remove point B03, then to undo the Convert to Bend command we

performed earlier. The model appears as shown in the following figure.

3. Select Edit > Redo to re-convert the point to an elbow. The graphic appears as shown in the

following figure.

4. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


CREATING NEW POINTS AND USING THE COPY/PASTE COMMANDS

In this section you will create intermediate points on Segment A, and use AutoPIPE’s Copy and Pastecommands to place copies of Segment B at the new points.

1. Select the tee arrow near point A06 that lies between the tee and the anchor at point A07.


3. The Run Point dialog is displayed. Previously, you defined new points in this dialog. In this case,

you will generate 2 new points along the existing run. In the Generate Points field, input 2. Tab to

the next field and notice that AutoPIPE automatically updates the length and offset fields. Press OK.

Note By default, AutoPIPE will generate equally spaced intermediate points. You can override the default by specifying a value in the Offsets field. 4. Two points are inserted in the model between the tee at point A06 and the anchor at point A07.

Notice that the points from the tee to the anchor are no longer numbered sequentially. This is

because the intermediate points were generated after the anchor point. To renumber the points,

select Edit > Renumber > All Points. The points are now numbered sequentially as shown in the

following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


5. Now that you have two intermediate points along Segment A, you can place new components at

those locations. This exercise will demonstrate the ability to copy entire component assemblies.

The first step is to select the components to copy. Choose Select > Segment.6. The control dialog shown below is displayed. Pick any point on Segment B and note that “B” now

appears in the Select segments to add field, and that Segment B is highlighted.

Hint You can also select segments from the segment grid. 7. Select Edit > Copy.

8. The control dialog now prompts for the base point as shown in the following figure. Select the tee

at point A06 and then press OK to close the control bar.

9. Segment B has now been copied to the clipboard, where it is stored in memory for Pasteoperations. Choose Select > Clear to clear the highlighted points.

Hint You can also clear a range by picking any single point in the model.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


10. The next step is to specify the point(s) where the copied segment should be placed. Pick point PT1shown in the graphic below, press and hold the mouse button, then “drag” to point PT2 and

release. A dotted box should appear around points A08 and A07 as shown in the graphic below.

11. Choose Select > Range. The section of pipe between A07 and A08 is highlighted.

12. Select Edit > Paste. The Paste dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and place the

copied segment at points A07 and A08.

13. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure. Notice that the

copied segments were assigned unique Segment names (C and D), and that all the points in the

model are unique.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


14. Select File > Save.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


SCALING, MOVING, AND STRETCHING

In this section you will learn how to re-position and re-scale existing segments.

1. Earlier we demonstrated how to use the Select Segment command. You can also manually select a

segment by selecting a range that encompasses all the points. Pick point A07, then hold down the Shift key and pick point C02. Segment C is highlighted as shown in the following figure.

2. Select Edit > Scale. The Scale dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

3. Tab twice to the Z Factor field and enter - 1 to specify that the selected range should be moved to

the opposite Z-axis.

4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


5. Segment C should still be highlighted. You are now going to add Segment A to the selection set

and move Segments A and C in the Z direction. Doing so will automatically cause the length of the

connecting segments to stretch. With Segment C still highlighted, press the Ctrl key on your

keyboard and select the anchor at point A00. After selecting the point, press the Shift key and

select the anchor at the opposite end of the segment at point A09. Segments A and C should now

be highlighted as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


6. Select Edit > Move/Stretch.

7. The Move/Stretch dialog is displayed.

In this dialog you will specify that the selected range is to be moved 6 feet {2000mm} in the Z

direction. Tab twice to the DZ field and input 6 {2000} as shown above. Press OK to close the

dialog.

8. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice that the cutlengths along segments Band D automatically stretched along with the selection that was moved.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


9. Select Edit > Undo to return the selected range to the previous position. Select Edit > Undo again to

return Segment C to the opposite side of the main pipe run. The model appears as shown in the

following figure.

10. Choose Select > Clear to clear the selection set.

11. Now we will demonstrate how selection sets can be used to insert multiple components

simultaneously. Previously, we created a selection set that defined a range of components. In this

exercise, you will create a selection set of points. Select Select > Point. The control dialog shown

below is displayed.

12. With the control dialog displayed, select the following points: D02, C02, B02. All three point

names are highlighted.

13. Select Insert > Anchor.14. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults, an anchor will be placed at each

of the selected points. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B



ROUTING SEGMENT B


INSERTING A SUPPORT

In this exercise you will add a run point near the bend at point A02 and insert a support at that location.

1. First, zoom into the area around the bend at point A02.

2. Before adding a support, you need to add a run point where the support will be placed. Pick point A02 to make it the active point, and then select Insert > Run.

3. The Run Point dialog is displayed.

Input 2 feet {600} in the Length field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. The new

point A10 is inserted in the model as shown in the following figure.


ROUTING SEGMENT B


4. Select Insert > Support.5. The Support dialog is displayed. Select Guide from the Support Type field. The dialog is filtered to

provide fields related to the definition of a Guide Support.


+ Gap Left: 0.4 {10}+ Gap Right: 0.6 {15}+ Friction Coefficient: 0.3 (pipe friction on the support)


ROUTING SEGMENT B


7. Press OK to close the dialog. The support is inserted into the model as shown in the following

figure.

8. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points to renumber the points sequentially.

9. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.



CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we introduced several modeling techniques which were used in the construction of a

model. Before continuing, please review the following concepts, which were introduced in this

chapter.

+ Piping Codes: Each model in AutoPIPE must be associated with a specific Piping Code.

AutoPIPE will automatically generate component and material options during operation of the

program based on the selected piping code. The code is also used in code compliance

calculations.

+ Pipe Properties: Every object placed in a model is associated with a particular set of pipe

properties. These properties are initially defined during the creation of a new system, but can be

modified at any point during the design process.

+ Bend Placement: Bends require a unique placement procedure. First, the user specifies a tangent

intersection point (TIP). This is the location where two perpendicular pipe runs would intersect,

and does not indicate an actual physical point on the bend itself. After the TIP is specified, the

user must specify the location of the next component or point. The downstream/next point helps to

orient the elbow in three-dimensional space.

+ Flange Insertion: Flanges may be inserted on both sides of a component (i.e., a valve) with a

single command. Highlight the desired component, then select Insert/Flange. After completing the

dialog, flanges will be placed on both sides of the selected component.

+ Tee Insertion: Like elbows, tees rely on the placement of a connecting component in order to

orient it properly. Before the branch can be oriented, a run point or component must be routed off

the branch end of the tee. To route off a tee branch, select the arrow graphic associated with the

tee, then select the desired point or component placement command.

+ Zoom Controls: AutoPIPE provides a variety of commands for controlling the display of the

model. The Zoom controls are available in the View pull-down menu, and on a special set of

toolbar buttons. A zoom control panel appears on the bottom of the application window, and the

model is displayed as a wireframe graphic. Use the commands in the menu or toolbar, or

interactively pan, zoom, and rotate the model using the keyboard commands listed on the control

bar.

+ Converting a Point: Intersecting points on pipe runs can be converted to a bend or a tee. The

process is to first route the pipe runs, then select the intersection point and execute the appropriate Modify/Convert Point to command. Existing points can also be converted to run points using the Modify/Convert Point to/Run command.


CHAPTER REVIEW


+ Intermediate Points: Points can be added along an existing pipe run. The process is to first select a

starting point, then select Insert/Run. When the Run Point dialog appears, specify the desired

quantity of intermediate points in the Generate Points field. By default, the new point(s) will be

equally spaced between the active point and the next downstream point.

+ Renumbering Points: When inserting new points along an existing run, the point names will no

longer be numbered sequentially along the segment (assuming the default naming scheme was

utilized). To correct this, use the Edit/Renumber commands.

+ Copy/Pasting a Range: Ranges of components can be copied and pasted to facilitate the modeling

process. First select the range, then select Edit/Copy. The selected range is copied to the Windows

clipboard. You can now select a point in the model and paste the copied elements to a new

location. AutoPIPE will automatically assign unique point names to the copied component set.

+ Moving/Stretching: AutoPIPE allows you to easily re-position components in the model. Select the

range, then select Edit/Move/Stretch. Input the new coordinates in the dialog. The cutlengths of

components attached to the re-positioned range will be updated automatically and all connections

will remain intact.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter you will modify the pipe properties of existing elements, and learn how to

interactively review the pressure and temperature values assigned to different parts of the model.


MODIFYING PROPERTIES

In this chapter you will modify some of the existing pipe properties from the

dialog and Input Grids separately. You will learn how to modify the

properties of an existing identifier and how to select a range of components

based on the associated Pipe ID. Later in the chapter, you will modify and

interactively review pressure and temperature loads and demonstrate the use

of the Point Properties information dialog.

OVERVIEW 4-2USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES 4-2USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES 4-8GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS 4-13REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES 4-17CHAPTER REVIEW 4-20

4


OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In the first part of this chapter, you will create a copy of the model completed at the end of Chapter

3, and then use that copy to learn how to modify existing pipe properties using the menu dialog

method. In the second part of the chapter, you will use the original Tutorial1 model and perform

the same modifications to the model using the Input Grids. The remainder of the chapter may then

be completed using this model.

USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES

> MAKE A COPY OF THE TUTORIAL MODEL

1. Open the TUTOR1.DAT model if not open already.

2. Select File > Save As > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat).3. Input TUTOR1_Menu_Method in the File Name field and then press Save.

You will use this model for the first part of this chapter.




MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER

By editing the properties associated with a Pipe ID, you can modify the attributes of all

components associated with that ID. The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified

with the Modify > Properties of Pipe Identifier command. After executing this command, simply select

the desired Pipe ID then modify values in the Pipe Properties dialog. The procedure is provided

below.

1. Select Modify > Properties of Pipe Identifier. The Pipe Identifier dialog is displayed.

2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 12"STD {300STD}, then press OK.

3. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Input a new Pipe Identifier name of 10"STD {250STD}.By typing in a new name, the properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where

the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined.

4. From the Nominal Diameter field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250}. Press OK to retain the

remaining properties.

Hint Users do not necessarily have to change the name of a pipe identifier in order to change the properties, but it is often helpful to do so in order to remember pipe properties of a given identifier. SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER

In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by

using the Shift and Ctrl keyboard keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you

will learn how to create a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.




1. Choose Select > Pipe Property Points.

2. The Select Pipe Property Points dialog is displayed.

3. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD53 {200STD53}, then press OK to close the dialog.

Note In this example, a Pipe ID was specified to create the selection set. However, note that options are available for creating a selection set based on Diameter, Schedule, Wall Thickness or Pipe Material. The ability to select components based on pipe properties allows the user to quickly implement design changes.

MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE

Now that you have created a selection set, you can modify the pipe properties of every component

in the range.

1. Select Modify > Pipe Properties Over Range. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed.

2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD {200STD}. An alert dialog is immediately displayed.

By specifying an existing Pipe ID, you are telling AutoPIPE that you want to replace the




properties of the selection set with those defined in the 8”STD {200STD} Pipe Identifier.

Press OK to close the dialog and apply the changes.




MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS

In previous exercises you modified the pipe properties of selected components. In this section you

will learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads.

1. Manually create a selection set from A00 to A06. Pick point A00, hold down the Shift key, and

then select point A06. The range is highlighted as shown in the following figure.




2. Select Modify > Operating Pressure & Temperature.

3. Click in the Case 2/Pressure field to highlight the 350 {2.4} value. Modify this value by

inputting 370 (psi) {2.6}.4. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.

5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.

6. Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating

of the valve and flange may need to be updated).


USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES



In this section, you will reload the model in its state at the completion of Chapter 3, and learn how

to use the input grids to perform the same set of tasks completed in the previous sections of this

chapter.

File > Open the TUTOR1.dat AutoPIPE Model now.

MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS)

The properties of an existing pipe identifier can be modified using the Input Grids/Pipe Properties

tab. After executing this Edit > Grids command, simply go to the desired Pipe ID then modify

values on that grid row. The procedure is provided below.

1. Select Edit > Grids and then click on the Pipe Properties tab.

2. Select 12"STD {300STD} under the PipeID column, then type the new name 10"STD {250STD}.The properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD {300STD}pipe identifier was previously defined.

3. From the Nominal field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250} and press the Tab key.

4. The Pipe Properties grid changes as below with the 12”STD {300STD} replacing the 10”STD

{250STD} pipe identifier.




SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS)

In the previous chapter you learned several techniques for selecting a range by segment, or by

using the Shift and Ctrl keys to manually select a range of components. In this section you'll learn

how to create a selection set of components which share user-defined pipe properties.

1. Select row for Pipe Identifier 8"STD53 {200STD53} in the grid as shown below.




Note The Input Grids/Pipe Properties tab can used to easily create a selection for a single pipe identifier.

Hint Pipes can also be selected by segment or line number using the segment grid as shown below.




MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS (INPUT GRIDS)

In this section you will learn how to modify pressure and temperature loads using the Pres/Temp/PipeID grid tab.

1. Click on the Pres/Temp/PipeID grid tab.

2. Select the values in the Case 2 Pres column for points A00 to A05. You can easily select these

values using either of two methods. Click on the 350 {2.4} Case 2 Pres value in row A00, then

press and hold Shift as you click on the 350{2.4} value in the Case 2 Pres column for row

A05, OR click to the left of 350 {2.4} in the Case 2 Pres column for row A00, then hold left

mouse button down and drag down to the value in row A05. The range is highlighted as shown

in the following figure.

3. Modify the values in the selected cells by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6} (n/mm2) and pressing Ctrl+Enter.




4. The pressure in case 2 for range A00 to A05 has now been updated from 350 {2.4} to 370 (psi){2.6} (n/mm2).


GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS



Now that you have learned how to modify temperature and pressure loads using the menu and

input grid methods, you will learn how to graphically review these temperature and pressure loads.

1. Select View > Show > Operating Pressure. Select operating loadcase 1 and press OK. The

shortcut for the View > Show > Pressure command is Ctrl + U.

A color-coded representation of the model is displayed. Note the legend that appears in the

left margin of the drawing area. Two P1 load cases are defined as shown in the following

figure:

2. Now let’s take a look at Pressure Case P2. Select View > Show > Operating Pressure or Press Ctrl + U again to review the second set of pressure cases. The Show Pressure dialog comes up.

Select operating loadcase 2 and press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.




3. When a keyboard shortcut is available, it is displayed next to the associated menu command.

For example, the shortcut for the View > Show >Temperature command is Ctrl + T.

Command Shortcuts (if

shown) are displayed

to the right of the menu

command




4. Press Ctrl + T now to view the T1 loads defined in the model. The show temperature dialog

will come up. Select the defaults, (All) for operating loadcase and (All) for temperature value as

shown in the following figure:

This will allow you to scroll to other temperature cases by repeating Ctrl + T or clicking the

toolbar button. When you press OK, the temperature case 1 will be shown as follows:




5. Press Ctrl + T again to review T2.

6. File > Save to save the model.


REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES



In the previous section you reviewed ways to view the model’s pressure and temperature load

values. In this section, you will learn how to view information about a specific point in the model.

An information dialog may be opened which displays properties, loads, and coordinates for a

selected point. You can toggle through the points while leaving the information window open.

1. Select View > Point Properties.

Hint To quickly access the Point Properties window, press F3 on the keyboard. 2. The Point Properties information window appears as shown in the following figure.

3. The Point Properties information dialog can be left open while working with a model to

provide continuous feedback on the selected point. This dialog can also move outside the main

application window (provided the AutoPIPE application is not maximized to full window

size). Place the cursor in the title bar of the dialog, then press and hold the mouse button and

“drag” it outside the main modeling area as shown in the following figure. Leave this window

open to view additional point information.




4. Pick point A08 to display its point properties.

5. Pick point A01N to display its point properties.

Note The TIP of the bend is A01. Bends also have two other points defined for the near (N) and far (F) sides of the bend. Thus, A01 N is the near point of the bend on the side closest to the anchor at point A00.




6. In addition to picking points in the model for review, you can also use the cursor keys to move

from point to point. The information dialog will update as the cursor advances to each new

point. For example, press the left arrow to review the data associated with point A00.

7. Press the right arrow cursor key several times and note how the information dialog is updated

for each of the points.

8. You can also use the keyboard to “jump” the cursor to a different segment. Press Page Up and

notice that the starting point of Segment B, A07, is now highlighted. The left and right arrow

keys can now be used to review the properties of points along Segment B.

9. Press F3 to close the information dialog.

10. Select File > Save to save the model.


CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

+ Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier: Use the Modify/Pipe ID command to modify the properties

of an existing pipe identifier. A dialog is presented from which you can select one of the pre-

defined IDs. After selecting the ID, AutoPIPE will recall the associated Pipe Properties

dialog. Modify values inside this dialog, then press OK to close the dialog and update the

properties of all components assigned to this ID. Alternatively select the Input Grids/Pipe

Properties TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any one of the pipe

identifiers in one location.

+ Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier: The Select/Pipe Property Points command allows you to

create a selection set of components assigned to a particular Pipe ID. After the command is

executed, select the desired ID from the dialog, and then press OK. All components assigned to

that ID are highlighted.

+ Modifying Pipe Properties Across Range: Pipe properties can be modified across a selected

range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute theModify/Pipe Properties over Range command.

+ Modifying Pressure & Temperature Loads: Pressures and/or temperatures can be modified

across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then

execute the Modify/Pressure & Temperature command. Alternatively select the Input Grids/

Pres/Temp/PipeID TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any range of

pressure and temperature values for any load case.

+ Graphically Reviewing Loads: The View/Show commands allow you to interactively review

various load information in your model. A legend will appear to the left of the main modeling

area, and a color-coded plot of the loads is produced.

+ Reviewing Point Properties: A Point Properties information dialog may be displayed by

selecting View/Point Properties. A floating information window opens to display information

about the selected (active) point. You can view other point information by selecting a new

point with the keyboard or by using the cursor keys to scroll through the points on a selected

segment. To “jump” between segments, use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter we’ll assign loads to the model, run an analysis, and interactively review the

results. You will then modify the design to satisfy code compliance, and re-run the analysis to

confirm the final design is in range.


LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS

In this chapter you will assign various loads to the system. After the loads are

defined, we’ll run a static analysis and review the results. You will learn how

to graphically review code stress and user load combinations results. At the

end of the chapter we’ll implement a design change to satisfy code

compliance requirements.

OVERVIEW 5-2ASSIGNING LOADS 5-2PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS 5-7GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES 5-9DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS 5-12USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS 5-13MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS 5-14INTERACTIVE REVIEW 5-17DESIGN CHANGE 5-19CHAPTER REVIEW 5-24

5


OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE provides powerful analysis tools to help you analyze the effects of different loads on

your system. Analysis is a three-step process: First, you must assign the loads in your system.

Secondly, you must perform the analysis and specify which loads are to be considered during the

analysis. The third step is to review the results in order to determine compliance. This chapter

covers all three steps in the stress analysis process, as well as the process of revising the model

after the analysis in order to satisfy code compliance.

ASSIGNING LOADS

A variety of different loads can be specified in a model. This section demonstrates how to insert

concentrated, thermal, and earthquake loads.

DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD

In this section you will add a concentrated force at bend point A02 N.

1. Using the techniques described in previous chapters, create the zoom window shown below.

Use View > Show > Reset to disable showing temperature plot.

2. Define the zoom area as shown above, and then press the Windowed Zoom icon. The model

appears as shown in the following figure.


ASSIGNING LOADS


3. The Concentrated Force icon is located in the Component toolbar to the right of the modeling

area. Position the cursor over this icon, hold down the mouse button, and then “drag” it over

to point A02 N. Finally, release the mouse button and "drop" it to assign the load to that point.

Note The use of the "drag and drop" technique is not compulsory. You could just as easily have selected A02 N to make it the active point, then selected Insert Insert > Xtra data > Concentrated Force; or simply clicked once on the icon. 4. The Concentrated Force dialog is displayed. You must associate the concentrated load with a

load case. In this example, you will assume the load to be an occasional load (i.e., from a

relief valve opening) so that AutoPIPE will automatically combine it properly for piping code

stress calculations. Select U1 from the Load case to combine with field.

5. Input - 250 lb. {-980} kg in the Z Forces field.


ASSIGNING LOADS


6. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A concentrated force symbol is placed at

point A02 N to indicate that a load has been applied at that point.

7. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown below.


ASSIGNING LOADS


ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS

1. Double click the Anchor at point A00 to modify it.

Note In most cases, simply double-click any component to open its associated modification dialog. Another method would be to select the component, then select the associated command from the Modify menu. 2. Assume that the anchor at A00 represents a connection to a vessel that experiences thermal

growth. Instead of building the entire vessel using pipe elements, we will specify thermal

displacements for each thermal load case in the Anchor dialog. Input the following values in

the Thermal Anchor Movement section of the dialog:

T1 DY - 0.1 {-2.5} (inches) {mm}T2 DY 0.6 {15.0} (inches) {mm}T2 RZ 2 (degrees rotation)

Note Imposed displacements associated with load cases other than thermal can be input using the Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Support Displacement command. This feature enables the user to simulate anchor and support displacements for equipment settlement or displacement due to wind, seismic, or fluid transient loads.

3. Press OK to close the dialog and apply the loads.


ASSIGNING LOADS


ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS

1. Select Load > Static Earthquake. The Static Earthquake dialog is displayed.

2. Since we do not know what direction the earthquake may come from, it is generally accepted

practice to analyze loads coming from at least two different horizontal directions. Input 2 in

the Number of earthquake load cases field.


Case E1 X 0.25 gCase E2 Z 0.25 g

4. Press OK to close the dialog.

Note AutoPIPE also has options to analyze earthquake loads using response spectrum or time history dynamic analysis.


PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS



Now that the model contains defined loads, we can define a static analysis on the system.

> TO DEFINE A STATIC ANALYSIS

1. Select Load > Static Analysis Sets….

The following dialog displays.

2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the dialog below.




3. Enable the Earthquake cases E1 and E2.

Note Throughout this tutorial, the term "enable" is used to denote instances where you should place a check mark in an option field. "Enabled" fields contain a checkmark, while "disabled" fields have no check mark. 4. Enable User load case U1. Enabling this field will allow us to analyze the concentrated laod

U1, which you previously defined at point A02N.

5. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we

will need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these

non-linear boundary conditions during the static analysis.

5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog.

6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow

customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if

convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.

7. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog.

8. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog.

> TO PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS

1. Select Analyze > Static.

Note The menu command Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon have the same behavior. Both will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog.2. AutoPIPE reports a static summary of the time taken to perform the analysis. Note that the

Cancel button can be pressed at any time to discontinue the analysis.


GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES


3. Press OK from the status dialog after the analysis has completed successfully. Now that the

model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.


AutoPIPE provides a number of options for reviewing code stresses. The most commonly used

option is the default stress ratio comparing the calculated stress to the stress allowable.

1. Select Tools > Model Options > Result.2. The Result Model Options dialog displays.

3. Make sure the Sustain margin (Y/N/E) option is set to E.

4. Click OK to save the change.

5. Select Result > Code Stresses.

6. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed.

7. Press OK to accept the defaults.

8. A color-coded plot of stress ratios between piping points is displayed. A legend appears to the

left of the model area, making it easy to quickly identify ranges of values along a piping

system. As with the other interactive options in the Result menu, the crosshairs can also be

positioned at any point to calculate the code stress data associated with an individual point.




Hint Drag the information dialog to the side of the modeling area. Doing so will allow you to view both the model and the data associated with selected points.




9. Toolbar buttons are available for navigating from the least stressed to the most stressed points.

The controls are shown below. Experiment with these buttons and note how the information

dialog is updated with the new point information.

Previous Stressed Least Stressed

Next Stressed Most Stressed

10. In addition to the VCR-type controls shown above, you can also pick on a point to display its

associated stress data. Pick point C01 N (the near point of the bend on Segment C). The

information dialog is updated.

11. Press Cancel to close the information dialog and complete the stress review.

12. Select File/Save.


DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS


DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS

In this section we'll review the load combinations that were defined in the previous chapter.

1. Select Tools > Combinations.

The information dialog is re-displayed, this time containing point information related to loads

and load combinations.

2. As you move through the tabs, you can see, AutoPIPE has automatically combined loads for

calculation of piping code stresses. The Non-Code Comb category, shown above, is for

operating combinations to analyze nozzle loads, support loads, deflections, etc. The default is

for the user to combine these loads manually since different users have different requirements.

AutoPIPE provides an option to automatically combine Non-Code Comb loads under Tools/Model options/Results command.

Note The “Non-Code” combination sets, also known as user-defined non-code combinations, are the focus of the next section. 3. Press OK to close the dialog.


USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS


USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS

1. Select Tools > Combinations and click on the Non-Code Combination tab.

2. Click the New button.

3. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog displays.

4. Input GR+T1+E1 in the Combination name field (be sure the input does not contain spaces

between characters).

Hint The combination name is not specific, and you can input any identifier you wish. However, you should choose a meaningful name since the combination name in this field is how the combination will be listed in the output reports. 5. Select 1 Sum from the Combination method field.

6. Select the following to create an operating load combination to consider Gravity (dead weight)

combined with thermal and earthquake loads:

(first) Case/Comb: GR (second) Case/Comb: T1

(third) Case/Comb: E17. Notice that the Factor area of the dialog. In some cases, the structural department may require

that piping loads be factored before they can be used as part of the structural analysis. This

area permits load factoring while defining user-defined combinations. Tab once to the Factorfield adjacent to the E1 Case/Comb, then enter 1.4.

Hint Another application for the load factor may be to consider the earthquake load coming from the opposite direction. Entering a negative value can do this. 8. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK button to accept the values.


MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS



In this section we will define several additional user-defined non-code combinations to be included

in the output results. Each combination is specified in the User Non-Code Combinations dialog.

The Gr+T1 and Gr+T2 non-code combinations are generated as default combinations GT1 and GT2 as shown on page 5-10 so are not required to be manually defined. 1. Select Tools > Combinations and click on the Non-Code Combination tab.


3. The User Non-Code Combinations dialog is displayed.

4. Input the following:

Combination Name GR+T1+E2 Combination Method 1 Sum Case/Comb (1) GR Factor 1.0 Case/Comb (2) T1 Factor 1.0 Case/Comb (3) E2 Factor 1.4


Note Leave the Load Combination dialog open with the Non-Code Combinations tab active.





7. Input the following:



9. Click the New button again in the Load Combinations dialog.




10. Enter the following:


11. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. The Non-Code Combinations are listed

at the bottom of the grid as shown:

12. Now that the user-defined non-code combinations are defined, select the Code Comb. tab.

13. Confirm that your dialog contains the same set of combinations as shown in the figure below.

You may need to click the Reset Defaults Only button.

14. Press OK to close this dialog.


INTERACTIVE REVIEW


INTERACTIVE REVIEW

Now that we have a number of user-defined loads in the model, we can view the results for varying

code combinations. As already demonstrated, AutoPIPE allows you to view information about any

point in the drawing. This ability also applies to viewing displacement, forces & moments, and

other types of results.

1. A Single Line view of the model is ideal for viewing point related information. Select View > Single Line View. The model appears as shown below.

2. Select Result > Displacement.3. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed.

4. Select GR+T2+E2 from the Load Combination field, and then press OK to accept the remaining

defaults. A deflected shape plot of the model is displayed as shown below.


INTERACTIVE REVIEW


5. Pick point A01 N to review actual deflections at that point.

6. Move the displacement dialog to the side of the modeling area so that you can see both the

point information and the model. Press the Pg Up key several times to scroll through

displacement results from different loads and load combinations. Notice the level of

information available in the dialog.

Note The toolbar buttons that look like “VCR” controls can also be used to navigate through the load combinations. These buttons can be used to see deflected shapes of other loads prior to clicking on a point. Once the Point A01N is selected, these keys emulate the Page Up and Page Down keys. 7. Select Result > Force & Moment.8. The information window now displays Forces and Moments information about the selected

point.

9. Pick point A00 to view the forces and moments at that anchor point.

The red line is a scaled

representation of the deflections.

This line can be used to illustrate

points of concern.


DESIGN CHANGE


Hint As with the Displacement results, you can use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys (or the toolbar equivalents) to scroll through the different load combinations. Use of the interactive review options can often be a more efficient way of reviewing output results as compared to searching for data in batch reports. 10. Press the Cancel button to terminate the Forces and Moments review.


DESIGN CHANGE

Having already reviewed stresses, deflections, and loads, we will now iterate through a design

change. AutoPIPE facilitates this process by helping you to quickly re-run an analysis to determine

whether a design change produced the desired effect.

1. Pick point A01 N.

2. Select Insert/Support.

3. Select Guide from the Support type field.

4. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. The Guide is placed in the model as



DESIGN CHANGE


5. Select View > Solid Model View to display a 3D representation of the model.

6. After adding the new component, you have to re-run the static analysis; otherwise, the results

(based on the addition of the guide support) will not reflect the properties of the design

change. Select the Static Analysis button on the toolbar.

Hint As mentioned previously, the Static Analysis toolbar button runs a static analysis using the last set of options defined in the dialog. Use the toolbar button when re-running an analysis. Use the menu command to define new analysis criteria. 7. Select Result > Code Stresses to check the piping code stress results.

8. Press OK to accept the defaults and review the stress ratios. A color-coded stress plot of the

model is displayed. Note that the red areas help you to quickly determine where the system is

still overstressed.

A guide is placed at bend near

point A01 N.


DESIGN CHANGE


9. Press Cancel to exit interactive stress review.

10. The Guide support did not solve the stress problem. "Undo" the design change by selecting Edit > Undo. The Guide is removed from the model.

11. You will now try another design change in which we add length to the first elbow in order to

add flexibility. Pick point A01 to make it active.

12. Select Modify > Bend, or double-click on point A01.

13. In the Length field, enter 14 feet {4000} mm.

14. Enable the Apply offsets to all following points field. Note that the DZ value is updated.

15. Press OK to close the dialog. The model is redrawn as shown in the following figure.

The red areas in the display help to

quickly locate areas of high stress.


DESIGN CHANGE


16. Let's see if the new design change helps to alleviate the points of high stress in the system.

Press the Static Analysis toolbar button to re-analyze the system.


18. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults. The stress plot of the

system is shown below. Move the information dialog to the right and review the new results.

Note that the model no longer exceeds code stress allowables. The maximum stress ratio is

now 0.92 {0.93} at A01 N+ (inside the bend) and thus there are no longer any red areas in the

model.

The length of this run was extended.


DESIGN CHANGE


19. Press the Cancel button to exit the interactive stress review.



CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

+ Assigning Loads: There are different methods for assigning loads depending on whether the

load is being assigned to a point or to an entire system. For example, in this chapter you

learned how to assign a Concentrated Force to a specific point in the model using the Loads/Concentrated Force command. A thermal load was also applied to an anchor point by

inputting the load value inside the Anchor dialog. An earthquake load was assigned to the

entire system by selecting Loads/Static Earthquake. From the dialog, you may define the number

of earthquake load cases and input values as multiples of gravity.

+ Performing a Static Analysis: The Static Analysis command analyzes the effects of different

loads on your system. A dialog is presented in which you may select which loads to include in

the analysis. Obviously, loads must be defined in the model before they can be analyzed. To

include a non-linear analysis, ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option has been enabled in the

Static Load Cases dialog. To re-run a static analysis with the previous set of load options, use

the Static Analysis toolbar button. To run an analysis with new options, use the Analyze/Staticmenu command.

+ Graphical Review of Code Stresses: After loads have been assigned and a static analysis

performed, you can review the results of code stresses. Many of these commands are available

in the Result menu. For example, select Result/Code Stresses to produce a color-coded plot of

stresses in the model. A legend will appear to the left of the modeling area to help you to

quickly identify areas of concern in the system.

+ Displaying Load Combinations: The Tools/Display Combinations command helps you to identify

the loads that have been defined in the system. Of particular note in this dialog is the “Non-

Code Comb.” column, which lists user-defined non-code combinations. By default, AutoPIPE

will assume that you want to define these combination sets manually, as different users and

systems have different requirements.

+ User Defined Load Combinations: Use the Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code command

to input “Non-Code Comb.” combination sets. A dialog allows you to name the code for

identification in reports, and to assign multiple Case/Combinations and associated Factors.

+ Interactive Review: A variety of graphical and point information is available for reviewing

code results. A deflected shape plot of the model can be produced with the Result/Displacementcommand. The Result/Force & Moment command helps to review the Forces and Moments loads

associated with a selected point.

+ Design Changes: Use the Result/Code Stresses command to check the piping code stress

results. AutoPIPE will highlight high stress areas in red that may be out of range. You can

then make a design change, re-run the Static Analysis command, and confirm the results using

the Result/Code Stresses command again. This technique allows you to quickly confirm the

success/failure of a design change implemented to satisfy code compliance requirements.


OUTPUT REPORTS

In this chapter you will generate a report on the model constructed in the

previous chapters. Reports can be opened, generated and viewed from within

AutoPIPE, or directed to a printer. In this example, we will specify the loads

to be included, and then review individual sections of the output results.

OVERVIEW 6-2SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS 6-2GENERATING THE REPORT 6-3REVIEWING THE REPORT 6-4CLOSING THE REPORT 6-4CHAPTER REVIEW 6-5

6

OUTPUT REPORTS

OVERVIEW


OVERVIEW

In this chapter you will learn how to output an AutoPIPE report. You will review how to limit the

type of information provided on these reports, and briefly discuss individual sections.

SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS

In order to minimize the size of the batch output report, AutoPIPE provides options to select which

loads and load combinations are to be included.

1. Select Tools > Combinations and click the Non-Code Comb. Tab.

2. Note that by default all of the combinations are enabled. For this tutorial report, disable the Print option for the following individual load cases: GE1 and GE2.


Disable these

options.

OUTPUT REPORTS

GENERATING THE REPORT


GENERATING THE REPORT

1. Now let's generate the report based on the new options. Select Result > Output Report.Warning The Result > Output Report menu command and its associated toolbar command do not behave identically. As with the Static Analysis option, the toolbar command will run the command based on the most recent settings, bypassing the dialog. The menu command will display a dialog in which various report parameters may be set.

2. The Batch Report dialog is displayed.

3. Disable the Displacement, Support, and Force and Moments options.

Hint AutoPIPE provides options to graphically select the points to be included in the output report, and options to filter output results based on user-specified criteria. Refer to Chapter 10 for more information on Result Filters. 4. Press OK to generate the report.

OUTPUT REPORTS

REVIEWING THE REPORT


REVIEWING THE REPORT

The report opens in a separate window. Press the button to maximize the report window. Use

the scroll bars to the right of the main text area to review each section of the report.

Notice that the report is divided into sections. Scroll to the Restraint Reactions, Code Compliance, andResult Summary sub-reports. Note that AutoPIPE conveniently summarizes all load cases and load

combinations at each point, saving the user from having to search, case by case, for the highest

loads at a given point.

CLOSING THE REPORT

1. Press the "close" button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the report.

Hint You can easily print this report from either the viewing window or the main AutoPIPE Print dialog by selecting "Printer" as the output type. 2. Select File > Save.

OUTPUT REPORTS

CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

This completes the first AutoPIPE tutorial. In this chapter you learned how to generate and review

an output report.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter you will begin the second of the two tutorial models. The second tutorial

demonstrates how to import models and systems, how to copy multiple instances of a system into a

model, and reviews additional modeling techniques.

AutoPIPE® Tutorial

CREATING THE SECOND AUTOPIPETUTORIAL MODEL

The second tutorial begins by importing an existing AutoPLANT CAD

model in PXF format into AutoPIPE. After the model is imported, new

components are added and the model is saved in AutoPIPE. The exercises

also cover the insertion of multiple copies of a frame model in order to

construct a pipe rack/vessel/piping interaction. The Result Filter options are

also discussed. Even if you do not use the AutoPLANT plant design CAD

system, this tutorial covers a number of important AutoPIPE features and

capabilities. While the second tutorial does not assume you have completed

Part I of this manual, it is assumed that you are familiar with some of the

terms and concepts introduced previously.

CHAPTER 7: CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTSCHAPTER 8: VIEWING OPTIONSCHAPTER 9: CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODELCHAPTER 10: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

II


CREATING AND CONNECTING

SEGMENTS

In this Chapter you will begin the second tutorial. An AutoPLANT PXF file

will be imported into AutoPIPE for use in stress analysis. After the model is

imported, you will connect a new segment and add a vessel to the system.

IMPORTING A PXF FILE 7-2REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA 7-6CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE 7-8NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY 7-9CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT 7-10CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT 7-13CHAPTER REVIEW 7-15

7

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS

IMPORTING A PXF FILE



In this section you will learn how to import a model saved in the PXF file format into AutoPIPE.

The procedure involves specifying the file type from the Open dialog, defining initial system

values and the piping code, then saving the model. Each of these steps is described below.

Note The model used in this exercise was created using Bentley' AutoPLANT PIPING application. The model was exported from PIPING using the Import/Export module, and saved in the PXF file format. > TO OPEN/CONVERT A PXF FILE

1. Select File > Open > AutoPLANT (*.pxf) to display the Open dialog.

Note AutoPIPE can open files from a number of different plant design CAD packages on the market. For this tutorial we are using a Bentley AutoPLANT model, but the same principle applies to importing other file types. 2. Double-click on the TUTOR2.PXF file.

3. The General Model Options dialog displays as shown in the following figure. From this dialog

you can name the system for use in reports, enter designer initials, etc. First, name the model

for identification in reports. Type Second Tutorial in the Project ID field, and then enter your

initials in the Prepared by field. Of particular note on this dialog is the Piping Code, as this

field can determine which options are available in other areas of the system. Tab to the Piping Code and select B31.1 Power from the list and select the 2007 Edition. Note that once a Piping Code is specified, the remaining fields in the dialog are updated to reflect the defaults for that

code. Tab to the Units file Name fields and set both the Input and Output units to AutoPIPE{SI}. Next, set the Vertical axis direction to the Y-Axis. When the dialog appears as shown in

the following figure, press the OK button to close the dialog.




4. The Import AutoPLANT dialog displays. From this location select the settings shown below

and specify the temperature and pressure loads of the imported system. Enter 300 {2.0} in the Pressure field, 450 {250} in the Temperature field, then press OK.

Note Make sure to set the Pipe Material to A53-A. To enable the Pipe Material field, you must first disable the Use material spec map and the Use material grade map fields.

One note and one warning message appear when you click Yes to display the errors and warnings

messages. The note shows the assumed PXF import options which can be edited in the

CADAP.MAP file. The warning message indicates that the file linelist.txt, which contains operating

data for every line number, is missing. In this case AutoPIPE uses the operating data entered above

for the entire model.




Press the close button (the X in the control menu at the upper-right corner of the window) to close

the Errors and Warnings window. The imported model now appears within the AutoPIPE

modeling window, and you can now perform stress analysis on the system. You can also add

components and modify the model as described in the remaining sections of this chapter.




Click the 180 deg Iso View button in the left toolbar to display the model as shown below.


REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA



In this section you will review the imported AutoPLANT data. AutoPIPE has several tools to

perform this review. These commands are as follows:

1. Select > Line number will highlight the line number for editing.

2. View > AutoPLANT PXF Data shows the AutoPLANT data related to the current point.

3. View > Point Properties (also F3) displays the line number at the current point and distance

from the previous point. It will also show pipe properties, material properties and operating

temperature and pressure data. You can use the left and right arrow keys to traverse through

the model.

4. Tools > Model Input Listing will show model data in addition to AutoPLANT specific data,

such as line number and supports mark and tag numbers

5. Result > Output report will show the analysis results including line numbers and support mark

and tag numbers.

6. View > Show > Pipe Properties/(All) will show a color-coded display of all pipe identifiers.

The first two commands are only applicable to imported AutoPLANT PXF models and will be

discussed below:

> TO SELECT LINE NUMBER L100

Use Select > Line number and then select L100 from the dropdown list as shown.

Hint The line number is saved per segment in the model database. Press OK and notice how segment A (L100) is highlighted in red. This is useful for updating data

pertinent to the line such as pressure/temperature data or pipe material properties.

> TO VIEW AUTOPLANT VALVE DATA

Click on point A04 (far point of the valve) and then select View > AutoPLANT PXF Data. The

following window will show valve data in addition to data of attached components such as gaskets

and bolts.

This PXF data is very useful for verifying component size, type, weight, insulation, and material

properties.




For easier comparison of coordinate data, it is recommended that vertical axis be set as Z during

import and the origin shift flag in CADAP.MAP be set to ‘N’. Press the close button (the X in the

upper-right corner of the window) to close the PXF Data window.


CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE


CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE

In this section you will build a branch from point A07 along the X-axis and connect this branch to

a vertical vessel. Before doing so, however, you must convert the run point at A07 on the model to

a tee so that we can begin routing components off this point.

> TO CONVERT A RUN POINT TO A TEE

1. Click on point A07 in the model. Note that A07 appears in the “Active Point” area of the status

bar to indicate that it is selected.

2. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Tee.

Note When converting a point to a tee, the default tee type will be welding.3. AutoPIPE displays the tee with arrows to indicate the direction of each of the legs and the

branch. Notice that the leg for the branch points in an arbitrary direction. Click the arrowhead

at point A07 (refer to the graphic below) which allows the branch to extend perpendicular to

the header (in the +X direction).

Note The arrowhead does not indicate the direction of the run you will be inserting, only the plane on which the branch is oriented. In the next step we will insert a run point that will extend in the +X direction; thus, the branch will be placed on the opposite side of the pipe run shown above. After the selected arrowhead is highlighted, you can build the branch pipe from point A07.

Select the branch

arrow on point A07

CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY


4. Select the Insert > Run.

The Run Point dialog is displayed. You will now define a run to the nozzle/vessel connection

point so that the local flexibilities at the nozzle/vessel connection can be specified.

5. Input 32 {9750} in the DX-offset field then press the OK button to close the dialog.

NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY

To add the nozzle flexibility, the procedure is to create a nozzle flexibility element with a length

equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel.

> TO DEFINE NOZZLE FLEXIBILITY

1. Select Insert > Nozzle.

2. Now you must input information about the vessel so that AutoPIPE can automatically

compute the nozzle/vessel connection flexibilities. The dialog allows you to define the

properties of the vessel used in computing these flexibilities. Generally, the thickness of the

vessel wall is entered as the nozzle length for local flexibility of the nozzle/vessel

connection. Enter a nozzle Length of 0.04 {12.7}, a Vessel Radius of 2 {600}, and a Thickness of 0.5 {12.7}.


CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT


3. The flexibility method we will be using for this tutorial is the Welding Research Council

Bulletin 297 Nozzle Flexibility Method. From the Flexibility Method list, select WRC 297. Once

the Flexibility Method is specified, the dialog provides the additional fields shown above.

4. Specify the distance from the nozzle to the closest stiffening ring, or end of the vessel, in each

vessel axis direction. Input the following values:

L1: 2 {600}L2: 8 {2400}

5. Place the cursor in the Direction of vessel axis field. Notice that the Nozzle stiffnesses have been

automatically computed based on the values we entered in previous steps. From the Direction of vessel axis field, choose the Global Y option.


7. Before continuing you should save your work up to this point. Select File > Save.


Now you will build a pressure vessel by defining it as a new segment of pipe disconnected from

the current piping.

1. Select Insert > Segment to open the dialog shown below.

2. When inserting a new segment, AutoPIPE assumes you want the first point to be the current

active point (in this case: B02). In order to create a new disconnected point in space, you must

override the Name of first point from B02 to C00, which is a point name not previously defined. Tab once to the Name of first point field and enter the name C00. Tab again to the Offset from which point field and enter the name B02. The default is to offset from the origin (0,0,0).

3. You will start the segment at the base of the vessel and input X,Y,Z offsets of the new segment

from the point B02. You are inputting coordinates offsets to the base of the vessel. Tab to the DX offset and enter 2 feet {600} mm.

4. In the DY offset field, enter – 8 {-2400}.5. Tab twice to the Pipe data identifier field and type vessel. The pressure vessel will be modeled

as a large diameter pipe with a new Pipe identifier name and different properties from the

current 6P1. By typing in a new Pipe data identifier name, AutoPIPE will automatically

display the Pipe Properties dialog so that you can assign properties to the vessel.





The Pipe Properties dialog is automatically displayed. You will define the vessel as having

non-standard nominal diameter, with an actual O.D. of 48 inches {1200} mm and a ½” {12.7}

mm wall thickness as shown below.

7. From the Nominal diameter selection list, choose the NS option.

8. Input 48 {1200} mm inches in the Actual O.D. field.

9. Input 0.5 inches {12.7} mm in the Wall thickness field.

10. From the Pipe Material selection list, choose the CS option. A warning message will be

displayed to indicate that CS is a generic material with no allowable stresses defined. Press OKto close the message.

11. Replace the default cold allowable stress of 15000 psi {82.74} N/mm2. Highlight this value,

and then input 50000 {5000} in the Cold allowable (ambient allowable) field. Press OK to close

the dialog.

12. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.




13. Input 40000 {4000} in the Hot allow field. Press OK to close the dialog.

14. Select Insert > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog shown below. This step allows us to

anchor the base of the vessel.

15. Click the OK button to accept defaults for the anchor

16. You will now build the vertical vessel using our newly defined large diameter Vessel pipe

identifier. Select Insert > Run to display the Run Point dialog shown in the following figure.

17. You will now define the critical points of the vessel. Since you will later connect a nozzle to

this vessel, you need to create a point at the same elevation where the nozzle will be placed. In

the DY offset field, enter 8 feet {2400} mm and then press OK.

18. You will now input a run point to define the top of the vessel. It is not always necessary to

specify offsets. Since AutoPIPE keeps track of the segment direction, you need to enter only

the length to the top of the vessel. Select Insert > Run again. When the dialog appears, input a

value of 2 feet {600} mm in the Length field.


CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT


19. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.


All that remains to complete the vessel is to connect the nozzle with the vessel using a weightless

rigid element. This is done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

> TO CONNECT TO ANOTHER SEGMENT

1. You will now connect B02 to the vessel centerline at point C01. Pick point B02. Ensure that B02 is listed as the active point in the status area (Bottom line of the screen).

2. The next step is to join B02 to C01 using a tee element. Select Insert > Tee to display the Tee

dialog. (Note you can also use Insert > Run).




3. By default, AutoPIPE assumes that the tee point will be a new point. To connect point B02 to C01 you must override the Name of point field and enter C01. When an existing point is

specified, AutoPIPE automatically connects the two segments. Input C01 in the Name of point field.4. Tab once and you will notice that most fields are grayed out because we are connecting to an

existing point. Tab once more to the Type of tee field, set the Type of tee to Unreinfor. When the

dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog.

5. Since the pipe connecting the nozzle to the center of the pipe is not real, it is best that you set

it to have rigid properties. Select the pipe joining B02 to C01 by clicking at the middle of this

pipe section to highlight it in red.

6. Select Insert > Rigid Options Over Range to convert this pipe into a rigid pipe

7. Select the default options as shown above to ignore the weight of the pipe and account for

thermal expansion. Accounting for thermal expansion this way relieves you from entering the

vessel thermal movements. AutoPIPE uses the material expansion associated with the pipe

identifier material. Press OK to accept the rigid options.

8. The rigid pipe section will change color to distinguish it as a rigid pipe.



9. Select File > Save to save the model and its data.

CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter you learned how to convert an AutoPLANT 97-generated PXF file to an AutoPIPE

piping stress model. We used this imported model as a starting point on which to attach new

components. Before we could do this, however, we converted a run point on the imported model

into a tee point. After specifying the branch direction, we were able to route a new run point off the

branch and define the local flexbilities at the nozzle/vessel connection.

Finally, we created a vessel using a new, disconnected segment and defined unique pipe properties

for the vessel. The vessel and the piping line were then connected with a rigid element placed

between the two segments.

Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:

+ Importing a PXF File: Models are imported into AutoPIPE using the File/Open command. From

this dialog, users can select the file type of the model to be imported, then double-click on the

file. As part of the conversion process, the user is required to specify certain properties of the

system such as the desired piping code and pressure and temperature conditions.

+ Converting a Run Point: Points can be converted to new point types. In this chapter we selected

an existing run point in the imported model and converted it using the Modify/Convert Point to/Tee command.

+ Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility: To define the flexibility of the nozzle connection, we create a nozzle

flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel. This was

accomplished using the Insert/Xtra Data/Nozzle Flexibility command.

+ Creating a New Disconnected Segment: A pressure vessel was constructed by defining it as a

new, disconnected segment of pipe. We modeled this vessel as a large diameter pipe. By

assigning it a new Pipe Identifier name, we were able to assign pipe properties unique to the

vessel.

+ Connecting Segments: In the last section of this chapter we connected the vessel to a nozzle

using a rigid element. This was done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads

is transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter you will review some of the available viewing options.


VIEWING OPTIONS

This chapter illustrates how to use AutoPIPE’s view controls to obtain

different views of your model. Options are available for viewing the

components as single, double, or 3D representations. You can also zoom to

the extents of the model, view a windowed area, or view along the X, Y, or Z

axis.

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW 8-2SOLID MODEL VIEW 8-2VECTOR VIEW 8-3CHAPTER REVIEW 8-6

8

VIEWING OPTIONS

VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW


VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE provides a variety of viewing controls that allow you to view, pan, and zoom into

particular areas of your model. You can also apply viewing filters to view components/systems that

match user-defined criteria. In this section we’ll use the viewing controls to review and verify the

geometry of the entire model.

SOLID MODEL VIEW

The Solid Model view allows you to view the model as a three-dimensional graphic. In AutoPIPE,

you can toggle between single line, double-line, and 3D modes.

1. Select View > All. This command fits the extents of the model within the current viewing

window as shown below.

VIEWING OPTIONS

VECTOR VIEW


2. Select View > Solid Model View. The model is re-displayed as a three-dimensional

representation of the components in the system as shown in the following figure.

VECTOR VIEW

1. To verify that your nozzle is located properly, you will select a Z-axis view of the model.

Select View > Vector. The View Vector dialog is displayed as shown below.

2. From the View Direction field, select the Z view option, then press OK to close the dialog. The

model appears as shown below. The Z view command allows you to view an elevation view of

the model as shown below. Note that point B02 lies right at the vessel wall as desired.

Hint You can also click on the view isometric, top, front, or side toolbar icons to change views.

VIEWING OPTIONS

VECTOR VIEW


3. Restore the previous view of the model by selecting View > Default. Your model appears as

shown in the following figures.

Multiple viewports are also available from the View menu. See the following examples:

VIEWING OPTIONS

VECTOR VIEW


Figure 1: Double Viewports

Figure 2: Quad Viewports

VIEWING OPTIONS

CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we reviewed some of the viewing capabilities of AutoPIPE.

+ View/Solid Model View allows you to view a three-dimensional representation of your model. In

AutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, wire-frame, and solid model views.

+ Vector View: Another useful viewing command is View/Vector, which allows you to specify a

viewing plane.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the next chapter, you will create a pipe rack model from frame members. After the model is

created and saved, you will learn how to import the model and insert it at multiple points to

support the piping system.


CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME

MODEL

In this chapter a simple frame structure is constructed to support the piping

elements created in previous chapters. To do this, you will first create the

structure as a new AutoPIPE model and save it. Afterwards, you will re-open

the previous model and import the frame. Finally, you will attach the piping

to the frames using supports.

FRAME OVERVIEW 9-2CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL 9-2ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME 9-10VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL 9-11INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL 9-12CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE 9-19CHAPTER REVIEW 9-23

9

CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL

FRAME OVERVIEW


FRAME OVERVIEW

The long horizontal run of pipe from A6 to B01 requires support. To accomplish this, we’ll create a

portal frame. We use frames in this example to consider mass and flexibilities of the support

structure as part of the piping analysis. Later in the chapter, we’ll import two instances of this

frame and connect them to the piping using supports.

CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL

In this section you will create a portal frame as a separate model so that it may be inserted in other

models as well. In this manner, you can create libraries of support structures.

1. Select File > Save (if you haven’t already done so) to save the current state of the active model.

You will be creating a new model in the next step and then connecting it to this one.

2. Select File > New to create the new AutoPIPE model.

3. You will build the portal frame using W8x18 beams. So that it can be easily identified, let’s

create a unique name for the frame to be included in a library. Enter supz8x18 as the new File name, and then press Save to create the new model file.

4. The General Model Options dialog shown in the following figures is displayed.




5. Input the following values, and then press OK to close the dialog.

Project ID: w8x18 portal frame Prepared by: {your initials} Piping code: B31.1-Power Edition: 2007Unit file name – Input: AUTOPIPE {SI} Output: AUTOPIPE {SI}6. The Segment dialog is displayed. Normally, you would want to name and define the origin

points for the first segment in the model. However, since this model will contain only frames

and no pipe segments, press Cancel to close the dialog. No starting segment will be defined.

7. Select Insert > Beam Section Properties to begin creating the portal frame.




8. Select Standard from Section type section and STEEL as the Material name.

9. Click Select button to open the Section Profile Database dialog.

10. Select W shape from American country section, W8X18 from Select Beam field and Single Section from Type Specification as shown below.




11. Click OK to close the Section Profile Database dialog.

12. Click OK to close the Beam Section Properties dialog.

13. Select Insert > Frame.




14. AutoPIPE creates the default beam name M1. You will now define the name and position of

the endpoints defining this beam. Input the following values:

From Point I: 1To Point J: 2Point J/ DY offset: 8 (feet) {2400} mm Section ID: W8x1815. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A single, vertical frame member is inserted

in the model.

16. You will now build the beam forming the top of the frame. In this example, you want to place

a support in the center of the top beam, so you will define the horizontal portion of the pipe

rack using two beams of equal distance. This will give a midpoint on the beam at which to

place the support. Click on Point 2 to make it the current point and re-select Insert > Frame to

open the Beam dialog. Accept the default Beam ID (M2) and From Point I(2), then input the

following values to build the second frame member:

Note Note that the Section ID automatically defaults to the values defined for M1.




To Point J: 3Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm

17. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown below.




18. Point 3 will be the midpoint on the horizontal section of this frame. The next step is to create

the second beam to complete this horizontal section. Click on Point 3 to make it the current

point and select Insert > Frame to open the M3 beam dialog. Input the following values, then

press OK when done:

To Point J: 4Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm

19. To complete the frame you will define a second vertical beam. Click on Point 4 to make it

the current point and select Insert > Frame to open the M4 beam dialog. Input the

following values, and then press OK when done.




To Point J: 5Point J/ DY offset: - 8 (feet) {-2400} mm

20. The model now appears as shown below.


ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME


ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME

In this section anchors are added to base of the frame.

1. Pick point 1 in the model to make it the active point.

2. Select Insert > Anchor.3. Press OK to accept the default anchor properties.

4. Pick point 5 to make it the active point.

5. Select Insert > Anchor to re-display the Anchor dialog.

6. Press OK to accept the defaults. Anchors are now defined at each of the bottom legs of the

frame as shown in the following figure.

7. Since you know that point 3 will be the supporting location, pick point 3 to designate it as the

active point, then save the model (File > Save).

Note AutoPIPE automatically remembers the active point when a model is saved. By making point 3 active and then saving the model, this will become the default reference point when inserting the frame later in this chapter.

Anchors are placed the bottom of

the frame structure.


VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL


VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL

Now that the frame members are defined, you should visually check whether the local axis of the

frame is correctly positioned in order to support a vertical load downward at point 3, and support

the horizontal forces from the pipe in the X-axis.

1. Select View > Solid Model View to display the 3D graphical representation of the model shown

below.

2. Note that the beta angles are properly defined and that the strong axis of the beams is being

loaded.


INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL



Now that the frame is defined, you can save it as a separate AutoPIPE model and insert it at a

specified point in the piping system you created in previous chapters.

OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM

Warning Ensure that you have properly saved the Frame model before beginning this step. 1. Select File > Open > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat) to display the Open dialog.

2. Select Tutor2.dat file from the list, then press Open (you can also double-click on this file to

open it directly).

3. Select View > Vector and then select Iso (180 deg) to get the view direction shown in the

following figure:




INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS

In this section we will define two equally spaced points along segment B where the support

structures are to be placed.

1. Click the 180 deg Iso View button.

2. At point A07, click the branch arrow for the tee lying on segment B so that the inserted run

points are added along the branch and not the header.

3. Inserting a single run point or multiple run points is performed in the Run dialog. Select Insert > Run.

4. By default AutoPIPE inserts one point B04 at one-half the distance to B01. You will instead

have AutoPIPE insert two equally spaced points between A07 and B01. These points will

automatically be named B04 and B05. In the Generate points field input 2 to generate two new

points.

5. Tab once to leave the Generate Points field, and AutoPIPE recalculates the length to 10.67 feet

{3250} mm (which is 1/3 the distance to point B01).

6. Press OK to accept the values and close the Run Point dialog.

Select the branch arrow

at Tee point A07




7. Two equally spaced points are generated along segment B as shown below.

Two equally spaced points are

created on segment B, the frame

structure can now be placed with

respect to these points.




AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING

After the new points are generated, notice that segment B is now numbered out of sequence, i.e.

A07, B04, B05, and B01, B02. Fortunately, AutoPIPE provides a convenient tool for correcting

this. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points.

SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS

Hold down the Ctrl key and click on points B01 and B02. The point names will be highlighted in

red together with the connecting pipe.




INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL

You now have selected two points in the model (B01 and B02) where the frame structures can be

inserted. In this section you will define the pipe as resting on the frame without being rigidly

connected to the frame centerline. The connection between pipe and frame will then be defined

using a two-point support.

1. Select Insert > AutoPIPE Model.2. When the Import dialog appears, double-click the supz8x18.dat file. The frame structure

model you created earlier is displayed as shown below.

3. The default base point of the inserted model is set to 3. Press OK to accept the default and use

point 3 as the reference point when placing the frame structure.

Note The reason point 3 is the default reference point is because it was designated as the active point the last time the model was saved. The Paste dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE assumes that we will

connect the centerlines of the frame to the pipe and thus share the same point name, i.e. frame

point 3 will be renamed B01.




4. Enable the Connect to selected points and Apply offset from selected points or origin fields.

5. Once the Apply offset from selected points or origin field is enabled, the offset fields become

available. You can now specify the offset distances from point B01 where the base point of the

frame (point 3) will be placed. Using the Point Properties information window, these values

can easily be determined. Input the following values:

DY: - 8” {-200} mm (note the use of the inch mark; distance between the pipe and frame

centerlines)

6. Press OK to close the Paste dialog.

7. Another confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to this Confirm dialog. Note that the inserted

frame is located properly. Later we will come back and connect this frame to the piping.




Two frames are inserted into the

piping system.


CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE



In this section we’ll insert 2-point supports in order to define the connection between the piping

and the structural frames. Understanding the capabilities of a 2-point support is an important

concept when defining pipe/structure interaction since pipes may lift off a support rack or have

gaps and/or exert friction forces on the support structure.

1. Sometimes it is easier to select points that are placed close together in the model by switching

to a line mode view of the model. Select View > Single Line View to display the model as

shown below.

2. Pick the two points shown in the graphic above to define the perimeter of the zoom window,

then select the Windowed Zoom toolbar button shown at left. Your model view should appear

similar to the one shown in the following figure.

Window this area by

picking the first point,

holding the left mouse

button down and

‘dragging’ to the other

corner. After the view

area is defined, select the

button on the toolbar.




3. You will now add a support at B02. First, pick point B02 to make it the active point.

4. Select Insert > Support.5. The Support dialog is displayed as shown below. A U-bolt will attach the pipe to the frame.

The U-bolt will have gaps of .25 inch {5} mm to the left and right of the pipe. Since the pipe

is sitting on the frame we will also model the friction between the pipe and frame. Since the

U-bolt supports perpendicular directions to the pipe, we use AutoPIPE's Guide support. Select Guide from the Support Type field.

Note Note that additional fields are presented once you enter Guide as the Support Type and the cursor advances to the next field. AutoPIPE makes frequent use of these “filtered” dialogs to request only the information pertinent to the type of component that you have selected.




6. By default the guide is connected to the ground. We instead wish to connect the guide to the

center of the top beam of the support structure at point 5008. Input 5008 in the Connected to field. This is the frame point just below piping point B02.

7. In the Gap left and Gap right fields, input a value of 0.25 (inches) {5} mm. This will specify the

gap on both the left and right sides to allow for movement of the pipe between the U-bolt.

8. Input a Friction coefficient of 0.4 to consider pipe friction on the support frame.


10. You will add an identical support at B01. Pick point B01 to make it active, and then select Insert > Support to re-open the Support dialog. Note that all defaults are correct and the only

required input is to specify a new Connected to point of 5003. When the dialog appears as

shown below, press OK to define the second support.

11. Both supports have been added to connect the frame to the piping as shown in the following

figure.




12. You will now complete this section by zooming to the extents of the model and restoring the

3D view. Select View > All, then View > Solid Model View. The model appears as shown below.

13. Select File > Save to save the model.

The two supports are added

to the system.


CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter you learned how to create a frame structure and import two instances of it into the

piping model. Points were generated along the piping line and a frame was inserted at these points.

Finally, the frames were connected to the piping system using Guide supports.

Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter.

+ Constructing a Frame: Use the Insert/Frame command to define beams in a model. The Beam

dialog allows you to specify the Table Name (i.e., W), Section ID (i.e., W8X18), and Material

ID (i.e., A36) associated with a frame member. After these values are defined, subsequent

instances of the Beam dialog will default to the same values. A frame is constructed of several

beams. The user specifies the From and To points, then inputs offset distances from the

previous point.

+ Saving the Active Point: When a model is saved, AutoPIPE remembers the active point. This is

useful when inserting the model because the saved active point on the model becomes the

default reference point for placement.

+ Importing an AutoPIPE model: Models may be inserted into a current system with the

Insert/AutoPIPE model command. Using this technique, you can create libraries of frequently

used configurations for insertion into new models. Models are inserted with respect to a

reference point, and can either be connected to an existing point(s), or placed an offset

distance from a selected point(s). If no points are selected, the offset is assumed from the

origin.

+ Connecting Frame to Pipe: When inserting a frame, you can use the Point Properties

information window to view coordinate information about a selected point. Using this info,

you can specify the coordinates required to either connect to, or place a known distance from,

a known point in the piping system. In this chapter, we purposefully placed the frames slightly

below the piping line and then connected the frame to the pipe using a support.

WHAT’S NEXT?

In the last chapter you will learn to analyze the second tutorial model. You will assign loads,

perform a static analysis, review the results, and implement a design change.


ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

In this section you will perform a non-linear analysis on the second tutorial

model. You will also review displacement and code stress results interactively

and with the result grids, then apply a filter to analyze the load cases and

combinations.

PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS 10-2CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW 10-4DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS 10-4REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS 10-6REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) 10-7APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA 10-9SELECTING COMBINATIONS 10-10ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE 10-12REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS 10-14REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) 10-16CHAPTER REVIEW 10-20

10





In this section you will calculate deflections, check for equipment compliance, and verify code stress

compliance of the piping system. The first step in this process is to define a static analysis.

> TO DEFINE A STATIC ANALYSIS

1. Select Load > Static Analysis Sets… to display the following dialog.

2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the following dialog.




3. Enable the Gravity and Thermal Cases T1 options to check for these loads.

4. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will

need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these non-

linear boundary conditions during the static analysis.

Hint To perform a non-linear analysis, you must always enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Load Cases dialog as described above. 5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog.

6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow

customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if

convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.

7. Press OK to accept the default Nonlinear Analysis settings.

8. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog.

> TO PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS

1. Select Analyze > StaticNote The menu command Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon have the same behavior. Both will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog.

2. AutoPIPE reports a status summary of the time taken to perform the analysis. Note that the Cancel button can be pressed at any time to discontinue the analysis.


CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW


3. Press OK from the status dialog after the analysis has completed successfully. Now that the

model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.

CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW

AutoPIPE allows you to automatically create operating load combinations. These operating

combinations are referred to as "Non-code" since they will not be used for calculation of piping code

stresses - only for calculation of deflections and loads.

DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS

By default, AutoPIPE automatically performs the load combinations required for calculation of

piping code stresses. However, since users have a variety of preferences in creating operating load

combinations, the AutoPIPE default is not to combine these non-code (operating) loads

automatically. Instead of creating non-code combinations manually, we will use AutoPIPE's default

load combinations.

1. Select Tools > Combinations.

2. The Load Combinations dialog is displayed as shown below.


DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS


3. Click the Combination Options button and enable the Add Default Non-Code Combination option.

4. Click the Non-Code Comb tab.

5. Click the Reset Defaults Only button to display the following Non-Code Combinations.

6. Click OK to close the dialog.


REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS


REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS

You will now interactively review displacements to see regions of large displacement, which may

lead to high stresses.

1. Select Result > Displacement.2. The Deflected Shape dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.

3. You want to review the deflected shape for the operating combination GR+T1 (Gravity plus

thermal case 1). Note that this was one of the default combinations created. From the Load

Combination selection list, choose the GT1 option, and then press OK.

4. AutoPIPE graphically displays the deflected shape for this combination as shown in the graphic

below. Note that the deflected shape is not the actual deflection, but exaggerated for

identification purposes.

5. Note the large displacements at point A07. To view the numeric values associated with this

displacement, pick point A07 to make it the active point. The information window details

additional information about the selected point.


REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)



We will now review displacements in the Result grids.

1. Select Result > Grids. The Displacement tab is displayed as shown below.

Note Displacement TAB is shown by default thereafter whichever grid TAB was last viewed.

2. Disable the checkbox next to the Gravity load case in the right window pane and the

displacements in the grid are only shown for T1 and GT1 cases as shown below.




3. Double click on the DY column to sort from maximum to minimum displacement in the Y

direction as show below.

Note This provides a quick easy method to establish the maximum and minimum displacements in the complete model (+ve and –ve values).

4. Select the Print button and then Print Grid to send the current grid to the printer.

Note The Header and Footer can be customized to the company’s standard document format which is saved to the binary file Result.gps for future use.


APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA


APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA

After examining the point information for A07, we note deflections exceeding our design criteria of 0.8 inches at point A07. In order to identify all points meeting these criteria, we will utilize

AutoPIPE's Result filter option.

Note By selecting the Filter option (or any other menu option), AutoPIPE automatically closes the displacement review windows. 1. Select Result > Filter Criteria > Displacement.2. The Displacement Result Filter dialog is displayed as shown below.

3. By using the filter option, AutoPIPE will automatically highlight all points on the model that

satisfy the filter condition for visual checking. Note that these points are added to the existing

selection set. Furthermore, we can use this same filter condition to generate a report that

contains only those points that meet the filter criteria. In this case, we wish to report only

displacements greater than .8 inches. Enable the DX, DY, and DZ fields, then enter 0.8 {20} in the

numeric field for each of the offsets as shown in the dialog above.

4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. AutoPIPE automatically

highlights the section of the model that satisfies the filter condition.

This section of the model is

selected to indicate that it

meets the filter criteria.


SELECTING COMBINATIONS



AutoPIPE provides an option to select which load cases and combinations will be included in an

output report. The default is to include all load cases and combinations. You will now disable all load

cases (not print) but the GR+T1 load combination in order to further minimize the output report. In

effect, you will be generating a report that contains only those points that met the filter criteria

specified for combination GR+T1.

1. Select Tools > Combinations and select the Non-Code tab.

2. The Combinations dialog displays as shown below. By default AutoPIPE enables all

combinations. You will now disable the GR load case (Print column) in order to isolate results

only for the GT1 (i.e. GR+T1) load combination. Disable the following fields by clicking in the

box adjacent to the field (ensure there is NOT a checkmark in the box next to the Gravity orThermal fields):


4. The next step is to generate the output report. Select Result > Output Report.5. The Batch Report dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Accept the default report

file name, then make the following changes to the dialog; these changes allow you to produce a

report which includes only those points which satisfy the displacement criteria defined

previously:




6. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close it. The output

report is displayed in a separate window.

Hint Like any window, the output report can be re-sized, minimized, maximized, scrolled, printed, etc. Refer to your Windows’ documentation for more information on windows and their properties.7. Note that only the points which met the user-specified filter criteria (exceed 0.8"

{20mm}deflection) for combination GT1 are reported. You will now close this window and

return to our model. Select File > Exit to close the report window (you can also click the “X” in

the upper-right corner of the window).


ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE



We will now perform a rotating equipment compliance check for an API 617 compressor attached to

inlet point A00 and outlet point A14.

Note During this exercise AutoPIPE automatically uses the forces and moments at the user-specified points to perform the compliance check. 1. Select Tools > Rotating Equipment. The Rotating Equipment dialog is displayed.

2. AutoPIPE allows for multiple rotating equipments to be defined including pumps, compressors,

turbines, etc. Specify unique equipment ID to identify this element. In the Equipment ID field,

input compr1.

3. From the Type selection list, choose Compress for an API 617 compressor. After the type is

selected, the Rotating Equipment dialog is filtered to provide additional fields related

specifically to the equipment type (in this case, a compressor).

4. Press Tab to move to the Generate Report field. Keep this field enabled for reporting of this

equipment in the generation of a compliance report.




5. Define the properties of the compressor by entering the following values in the appropriate

fields:

Suction point: A00Discharge point: A14Shaft axis: Global X Override Nozzle Coordinates: Unchecked

6. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog.

7. Now that the rotating equipment is defined, we can review the results of the equipment

compliance check. Select Result > Output Report. When the Batch Report dialog appears,

DISABLE the Apply Filter Criteria and Displacement options, and enable the Equipment option.

When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to generate the report.

8. The Rotating Equipment report is displayed. This report displays the loads automatically extracted

from the analysis and equations required by the API 617 compliance. AutoPIPE’s rotating

equipment modules automatically extract the forces and moments from the piping analysis,

saving the user from manually inputting loads for each load case. Notice that an asterisk

indicates that an API 617 allowable was exceeded.

9. After viewing the report results, close the window (File > Exit) to return to the model.


REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS



As a last step we will interactively review the piping code stress results.


2. The Code Stresses dialog is displayed as shown below. Press OK to accept the defaults.

3. The Stresses information window is displayed. AutoPIPE displays a color-coded display of the

stress results by stress ratio. We see that calculated stress exceeds the allowable for the Amb to T1 combination by a ratio of 1.41 {1.53} at point A07 (branch side). Note that this occurs in our

region of large displacement as shown earlier in our deflected shape.


REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)



You will now review code stresses in the Result grids.

1. Select Result > Grids and click on the Code Stresses tab.

2. The graphic shows a color code stress plot based on the selected Ratio or Stress radio button and

the selected code combinations.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS)


3. To view sustained stresses only in the code stresses tab and graphic plot, uncheck all the

combinations except GR+MaxP.

Note To uncheck all the combinations in the right window panel, click on the top combination

name hold the SHIFT key down and click on the bottom combination name then uncheck

any of the check boxes. The CTRL key can also be used for multiple selections.

4. Double click on the Ratio column to sort the maximum sustained stress ratio which shows 0.42

{.41} at point A14.


CHAPTER REVIEW


CHAPTER REVIEW

In this chapter we interactively reviewed displacements and output model results. We also defined

filter criteria so that we could view specific areas of interest related to the GR+T1 (GT1) load

combinations. Finally, we performed a rotating equipment compliance check and interactively

reviewed the point stress information.

Before continuing, select File/Save to save the changes you’ve made to the model, then review the

following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter:

+ Defining result model options: To establish defaults for viewing results, use the Tools/ModelOptions/Result command. The Result Model Options dialog allows you to establish preferences,

including the ability to automatically include default combinations.

+ Performing a Static Analysis: In this chapter we performed a Static Analysis on the model using

the Analyze/Static command. To perform a non-linear analysis, you must enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Analysis dialog.

+ Reviewing Displacements: The Result/Displacement command provides detailed information

about the displacements in a model. When this command is selected, the model is re-drawn to

show an exaggerated view of areas of displacement. From this display, users can select

individual points to display a pop-up window that details specific displacement data at the active

point.

+ Applying result filter criteria: In this chapter we defined a displacement filter to highlight the areas

in the model which exceeded a user-specified displacement value. This capability is associated

with the Result/Filter Criteria/Displacement command.

+ Selecting combinations: AutoPIPE allows the user to select which load cases and combinations

will be included in output reports. By default, all load combinations are considered; however,

using the Tools/Non-code Combinations/Select command, the users can enable/disable available

combinations.

+ Rotating equipment compliance: To produce an equipment compliance report, the user must

enable the Generate Report option in the Rotating Equipment dialog. The next step is to run the Result/Output Report command and enable the Equipment option from the Batch Report dialog.

An asterisk (*) next to a value in the Equipment section of the report indicates an allowable that

was exceeded.

+ Reviewing code stress results: Code Stress results can be reviewed with the Result/Code Stressescommand. After the command is executed the model is color-coded and a legend appears in the

margin of the model area. Code stress information for specific points is displayed in a separate

pop-up window.

+ Result/Grids : Displacements and code stresses can be reviewed, sorted and printed.

auto pipe

Documents

fluid transient synthesizers

convergence problems occur

resultsrotating equipment compliance

dy offset

xtra data

basic conceptsbasic tasks

select edit

stress intensification purposes