auto motives ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Submitted to:- Presented by:- Dr. R. Alagirusamy Vijay S Khoiwal (2010TTE3678)
NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES FOR AUTOMOTIVES
What is composite?
When two or more materials with very different properties are combined together they form a composite material.
Why composites in automotive
Costs Reduction Reduced material scrap Automated Processing Technologies Reduction of Vehicle Weight Reduction of Fuel Consumption Greatly improved recyclability Environmental Protection. Reduction
of CO2 emissions
Composite material is a composed of two distinct phaseMatrix phase
Organic matrix composite Metal matrix composite Ceramic matrix composite
Reinforcing phase Fibrous composite Liminate composite
Classification
Natural Fibre Composites
In the composite materials where natural fibres are the reinforcing material.
Types of fibre used
Why NFC?
1) Environmental reasons: Renewable resources Thermally recyclable, biodegradable, Low energy consumption2) Cost: often low cost (not silk)3) Health & safety: more pleasant to handle4) Good specific mechanical properties5) Good thermal & acoustic insulation property
Challenges of NFC
Low impact strengthPossibility of degradation, biological attack of
fungi and mildew.Fibres are hydrophilic
Issues of compatibility with polymersSensitive to humidity
UV resistance – not better than plastics
Mechanical Properties
Fibre type Density (g/cc) Tensile strength (MPa)
Tensile Modulus (GPa)
Sp. Modulus (GPa cc/g)
Jute 1.4 393 55 38
Sisal 1.3 510 28 22
Flax 1.5 344 27 50
Material Selection (Fibres)
Material Selection (Polymer)
Different Techniques Hand lay-up Filament winding Resin transfer moulding Pultrusion Continuous lamination
Hand lay-up
Advantage:- High flexibility, Simplicity Cheap tooling
Disadvantage:- Long production time Poor possibilities for automation Labor intensive
Resin Transfer Moulding
• The technique enables the manufacture of very large products with high mechanical properties.
• Pressing the mats with a small amount of binder into a more compact shape• Better resin flow can then be obtained by using the thicker leaf fibers like sisal
Pultrusion
Pultruded profile
Sandwich Construction
Composite laminates are produced in a continuous way up to a width of 3 m and with infinite length.Bonded on two sides of a foam block they build stiff sandwich panels that are used a lot in trucks, trailers and building construction.
Advantage of sandwich composites High rigidity combined with higher strength to weight ratio Smoother exterior
Better stability
High load carrying capacity
Increased fatigue life
Crack growth and fracture toughness characteristics are better compared to solid laminates
High load bearing ability
Tensile strength
Tensile strength for composites based on different fiber materials and pure PP in comparison to tensile strength for separate fibers (white bars).
Young’s modulus
Parts where composites used…
Door cladding floor panels seatback linings
Some of the example..Flax
sisal
hemp
Seal bottoms back cushions Head restraints
coconut
Seal back
Wood fiber
Floor body panels
Abaca
Cotton is used to provide
sound proofing
Weight distribution…
• Front door lines1.2-1.8 kg
• Rear door linens0.8-1.5 kg
• Boot linens1.5-2.5 kg
• Parcel shelvesUp to 2.0 kg
• Seat backs1.6-2.0 kg
• Sunroof slidersUp to 0.4 kg
• headlinersAvg. 2.5 kg
Typical amounts of plant fibers used for different applications the automotive industry are:
Automotive Parts made of NFCVolkswagen: back of seats,door panels, trunk panelsAudi: back of seats, side panels, trunk covering, speakers holders BMW: door panels, headliners, trunk floor panel Daimler Chrysler: door panels, business tables, padding-pillars reinforcing, dashboard partsOpel: headliners, door panels, dashboard partsPeugeot: back of seats, trunk coveringsMercedes Benz trucks: front sections for the trucks.
Renault Ellypse concept car: natural fibres for acoustic damping
Mixed NF – PP inner door panel(s)
Application
Flax-Carbon hybrid bike (JEC 2007)(prepreg technology)
A flax-reinforced car roof
Application as CarInteriors for Noise Control
Natural fibers such as banana, bamboo, and jute fibers use for the automotive interiors to reduce noise.
The blend proportions were:. Bamboo/Polypropylene in the ratio of 50 : 50. Banana/Polypropylene in the ratio of 50 : 50. Jute/Polypropylene in the ratio of 50 : 50
References1. Rajesh D. Anandjiwala and Sunshine Blouw, “composite from bast fibres prospects and potential
in the changing market environment”, composite from bast fibre, 1 (22)
2. Peijs T., “Composites for recyclability”, Materials today, vol.6, No. 4, 30-35 (2003).
3. W. D. (Rik) Brouwer, “Natural Fibre Composites in Structural Components: Alternative Applications for Sisal?”,http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/Y1873E/y1873e0a.htm#bm10.
4. Dieter H. Mueller and Andreas Krobjilowski “New Discovery in the Properties of Composites Reinforced with Natural fibers”, Journal of Industrial Textiles 2003; 33; 111.
5. Bledzki, A.K. and Gassan, J. (1999). “Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Based Fibers”, Progress in Polymer Science, 24: 221–274.
6. Paul A Fowler, J Mark Hughes and Robert M Elias Review Biocomposites: technology, environmental credentials and market forces, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 86:1781–1789 (2006)
7. Ulrich Riedel, Jorg Nickel “Applications of Natural Fiber Composites for Constructive Parts in Aerospace, Automobiles, and Other Areas”
Continue….8. Ulrich Riedel, “natural fibre reinforced biopolymers as construction”, 2nd
International Wood and Natural Fibre Composites Symposium June 28-29, 1999 in Kassel/Germany
9. Mueller, Dieter H. and Krobjilowski, A. (2002). Optimized Car Interiors made of Reinforced Composites – Comparison Between Natural Fiber and Glass Fiber Composites, In: Proceedings of the INTC – International Nonwovens Technical Conference, Atlanta, Georgia/USA, September 24–26th.
10. Alireza Ashori “Wood–plastic composites as promising green-composites for automotive industries!”, Bioresource Technology 99 (2008) 4661–4667
Thank you