Faysal AhammedBsc. In Physiotherapy

5th Batch4th year. Roll-26

Institute of Health Technology.Under Faculty of Medicine

University of Dhaka

Presentation on

Autism

It may Stands for

Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects the functioning of the brain, and characterised by impairments in social interaction, problems with verbal and non-verbalcommunication and restricted, repetitive behaviour, interests and activities. It is a nonprogressive disorder.

It was first Described by kanner in 1943 where his observation was “the exceptional ones who appeared to be asocial, lacking in communication skills both verbal and nonverbal and committed to repetitive ritualistic behaviors.”

Autism and It's related Disorder

Con…

The prevalence of ASD is constantly rising the statistics showed that

Autism Pred0minately affects males, with a male to female ratio of approximately 4.3:1.

ASD affects over 2 million individuals in the U.S. and tens of millions worldwide

It is as much a mystery today as it was when kanner stated.

World Statistics

In UK 1 in 100 People

In USA 1 in 88

People

In the total assessed population in (n=414), 8 children were diagnosed with Autism,plus 1 child with Pervasive Developmental Disorder,Not Otherwise Specified (PDD NOS) and 1 child with Rett Syndrome. The 8 with autism-

6 were from Dhaka city, 1 from Kulaora 1 from Godagari.The PDD NOS child was from Godagari and the RettSyndrome child from Kulaora.In Dhaka city the prevalence was 30/10000.68/1000 in rural populations.

In Bangladesh

In DSM IV

Autistic Disorder : Total of 6 more symptoms <age 3

Social Deficits -2

Communication Deficits

Sterotypic/Repetitive Behaviors

Soci

al D

efici

ts • Eye contact• Showing/

Sharing• Emotional

Reciprocity C

omm

unic

atio

n • Language

• Pretend Play

• Conversation

Ster

otyp

ic • Routines• Preoccupati

on• Intense

focus• Motor

Symptoms Includes

Under the current DSM-5, the diagnosis of autism requires that at least six developmental and behavioral characteristics are observed

There are two domains where people with ASD must show persistent deficits:

1) persistent social communication and social

interaction2) restricted and repetitive patterns of

behavior

In DSM V

Individual must demonstrate at least 6 of the 12 symptoms

At least 2 symptoms from the social domain At least 1 symptom from communication

domainAt least 1 symptom from the restricted behaviors/interest domainAt least 1 symptom must have been present before 36 months of age

Meeting Criteria For Autism

Most common initial symptom reported by parents is delayed (or abnormal) speech development

Social-communicative abnormalities in the first and second year of life:

Eye contactSocial referencing

Imitation Orientation to name

Shared attention and affect

Early recognition and identification of autism-->early behavioral markers of autism

Autism Can Be Identified Early

We can say that autism is a Spectrum of Disorder or different condition. They include- Aspergers Syndrome, PDDNOS, SPD, Rett Syndrome etc.

In Aspergers Syndrome They Adopt or even1. Supernormal in Reading2. Calculating3. Drawing4. MemorizingThey have Fewer symptoms, no language delay.They think in Picture or Drawing. PDD NOS-Pervasive Developmental Disorder is another

milder Disorder in Child.SPD- Semantic Pragmatic Disorder.

Conti...

People with ASD may have other difficulties

1. Very sensitive to light, 2. Noise 3. Clothing4. Temperature.

They may also experience sleep problems, digestion problems, and irritability.

Other Criteria

Screening tools specific to ASD:

The Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT)The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers

(M-CHAT)The Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-

Olds (STAT)The Stage 2-Pervasive Developmental

Disorders Screening Test (PDDST-II)

Screening Instruments for ASD

In a study found that the ASD patients EEG, CT, MRI is Normal.

In the few Brain Examined postmortem no lesion of any of the conventional type have been found. Although it is a Neurodevelopmental Disorder.

Clinical Diagnosis

Some researcher founds the below abnormalities

A curlailment of the normal development of neuron in the limbic system.

A decrease in the number of purkinje cell that appears to be congenital.

Age related changes in the size and number of the neurons in the diagonal band of Broca.

Conti...

They found various motor aspects to be lacking in children with ASD. They include

So it is crutial to evaluate motor delay or motor deficit early in the children with ASD.

In the Aspect of Physiotherapy

Hypotonia (51%)• Motor Apraxia (34%)

Toe Walking (19 %)• Gross Motor Delay (9%)

Whirling of the BodyManipulating an objectToe walkingParticularly Hand Flapping.

Their Sterotype Movement includes

A study suggest that walking programme improve the physical condition of adolescents with severe ASD and Reduce their BMI index.

Physical activity is have positive effects onSocial BehaviorCommunication skillAcademic engagementSensory skills

Motor skill is the instrumental for learning skills in other areas Like

Above.

Role of Physiotherapy in Autism

LIGHT it up BLUE