ASDAUTISM SPECTRUM

DISORDER

By

Novita Lestari

ASD

Asperger’s Syndrome

PDD-NOS(Pervasive developmental Disorder Not

Otherwise Specified)

Autism

Mild

Moderate

Severe

High Functioning

Rett’s Syndrome

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_GXVzZ0Unk

What is Autism?

Autism is more recently described as

“mindblindedness”. This appears during the

first three years of life. A child with autism

appears to live in his/her own world.

http://www.koraorganics.com/blog/live-in-my-skin/all-things-organic/organic-certification/autism/

What causes Autism?

The exact cause of Autism is not known. In fact,

genetic factors play a major part in ASD. It

might be cause by several genes combine and

act together.

Characteristics of Autism

Difficulties relating to and communicating with other

people (verbal and non-verbal).

Restricted interests and repeating particular

behavior and routines.

Difficulties in social interaction, flexible thinking and

imaginative play.

Impacts on other Development

Around 75% of children with autism also have an

intellectual disability, with 40% recording IQs below 50.

Across the spectrum, many also show characteristic of

ADHD.

Many also have delayed motor skills with poor

coordination or clumsiness.

Porter (2008), pg. 197

Diagnose ASD

There is no single test available to diagnose ASD.

Instead, diagnosis is based on watching how the

child plays and interacts with others, interviewing

parents, and reviewing the child’s developmental

history.

A professional who can diagnose ASD is a

paediatrician, psychiatrist, psychologist, or other

trained professional in ASD.

Red Flag

INFANTS:

Not smiling.

Not responding to their name.

Being more interested in objects than faces.

Inability to follow pointing hand.

Struggling to imitate actions.

http://www.e-babysignlanguage.com/2011/11/08/baby-sign-language-how-it-can-help-your-autistic-child-revealed/

http://www.autismepicenter.com/autism-symptoms.shtml

http://yourmedicalguide.blogspot.com.au/2012/02/what-is-autism.html#.T2CXPrK4qso

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPDTEuotHe0

Sensory Overload Sensory overload can happen anytime and this may be

presented in different ways including tantrum.

This is not ‘naughty’ behavior. It occurs in response to a

trigger factor.

Sensory overload can be caused by many different factors.

Such as:

Too many/not enough lights

A change in routine or environment

Too much noise/ not enough noise

This list could go on!

http://www.betterworldbooks.com/why-does-izzy-cover-her-ears-dealing-with-sensory-overload-id-1934575461.aspx

Information and Modification

Provide one to one staff ratio for the child with

autism.

Staff should have basic knowledge about autism.

Staff should learn basic strategies in communicating

and responding the child.

If possible have a specialist to come to centre.

Have a variety visual communication tools

such as pictures around the room.

Have a chill out zone.

http://angchurchpentintl.org/mission.php

De-Stress Breaks When the child is overload, guide him/her to the chill

out zone and give 5 minutes uninterrupted time.

Ensure the 5 minutes de-stress break occurs at least

once every hour.

Design a ‘chill-out zone’ with:

http://www.thefind.com/furniture/info-kids-bean-bag-chair

http://www.poundland.co.uk/product-range/a-z/assorted-childrens-books/

http://www.couponsaregreat.net/2011/05/27/baby-event-sassy-baby-review-and-giveaway-ends-69/sassy-sensory-balls/

Visual Communication

To lessen anxiety level of the child.

To assist the child in transitioning independently.

First Then

http://appliedbehavioralstrategies.wordpress.com/2011/11/08/do-you-use-visual-schedules/

Example

http://www.autismhelp.info/childhood/cognitive-skills/categories,id,434,1-1.aspx

Promotion of Inclusive Attitudes

Meet and discuss about new child with autism

enrolling in the centre for parents and staff.

Staff training/workshop about children with autism.

Staff awareness of inclusion policy in Australia and in

the centre.

Welcome strategies with staff for child with autism.

Newsletter to all parents about the child with autism.

Discussion with all children about autism.

Teaching Strategies Know the child, talk to parents

Set goals and make planning & be perseverance

Be patient and calm

Give simple command

Don’t give attention to self-abuse

Short, easy and quick activities

Reward immediately

http://margaretcsharpe.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=1

Independence Activities

Cognitive Skills:

Matching Skills:

• Photo to photo

• Object to photo

• Photo to object

• Colour to colour

• Words to words

• Number to numbers

• Picture to numbers

• Picture to words

Object permanence

cues

Counting Skills

Some Matching

Words & Counting

Activities

http://www.buildingblox.net/taskideasandfreebies.html

Language Skills:

If the child is non-verbal:

Teach the child to use visual communication aid/sign

language.

Use TechTalk (if there’s any).

Teach the child pointing skills.

Point and “give me” skills.

Encourage eye-contact.

If the child is verbal:

Teach the child simple words and repeat.

Use a picture and word games.

Sing some repeating nursery rhymes.

Ask simple question.

Motor Skills:

Trace dotted line

Trace Shapes

Copy Simple Shapes

Coloring

Trace Letters

Drawing

Song with action

Kick and throw ball

game

Push ball game on

the floor

Social and Emotional Skills:

Help setting table.

Help clean up toys.

Play games with other children with prompt

such as duck duck goose, etc.

Imitation games – follow teachers movement.

Encourage self help skills.

http://raisingchildren.net.au/my_child_has_asd/asd_diagnosis.html/open/5

Family Needs

1800 052 222 http://www9.health.gov.au/ccsd/usr_general/gen_home.cfm

http://www.facs.gov.au/sa/disability/progserv/people/autism_panel/ Pages/default.aspx

http://raisingchildren.net.au/forum/Forum133-1.aspx

1800 242 636 http://www.carersnsw.asn.au/

(02) 8270 2000 http://www.adhc.nsw.gov.au/

1800 171 882 http://www.playgroupaustralia.com.au/

1800 889 997 http://www.mytime.net.au/

1300 364 277 http://www.relationships.org.au/

0408 720 558 http://www.siblingsaustralia.org.au

Parents Support Group

Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect)

This is a not for profit provider of services and assistance

to people with autism and their families in NSW.

This organization have an ‘Event Calendar’. They held

workshop or events about autism every months. Some

of them are autism awareness

campaign, family fun day,

parent carer workshop, etc.

http://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/to_want.html

Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect)

Contact:Building 1, Level 214 Aquatic DriveFrenchs Forest NSW 2086Phone: (02) 8977 8300Info line: (02) 8977 8377Email: infoline@autismspectrum.org.au

Have an open and honest communication with family.

Communicate their child’s interest and strength.

Put yourself in your family member’s shoes and try to

empathize about what they must feel.

Assist family to have a sense of belonging and inclusion.

Listen and learn from family.

Acknowledge family rights to make decision for the

children.

Relationship with Family

Successful with Autism

Tim Sharper

http://www.laserbeakman.com/

Carly Fleischmann

http://carlysvoice.com

Every child is different, you might need to find particular

strategies for each child.

***

They don’t need your sympathy, they need your understanding.

***

Believe in them and don’t give up.

***

Educate Yourself!

The 4 most important things to successfully

work with child with autism

http://gregdetisionlinesuccess.com/2011/05/31/service-is-the-answer-to-riches/

Bibliography One-on-one (2002) Film. Directed by JEFF SCHULTZ. WI: IEP Resources.

RAISING CHILDREN NETWORK (2006-2012) Autism spectrum disorder

[WWW] Raising Children Network (Australia). Available from:

http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/autism_spectrum_disorder_over

view.html/context/920 [Accessed 03/03/12].

Breakthrough: How to Reach Students with Autism (2000). Film.

Directed by JEFF SCHULTZ. WI: Attainment Company Inc.