author cocitation analysis: an introduction sean eom
TRANSCRIPT
Author Cocitation Analysis: An Introduction
Sean Eom
Introduction
• Cumulative Research Tradition
• Tracing the intellectual linkage
• The process of referencing
Bibliometrics & ACA
• Bibliometrics, Statistical Bibliography– The application of mathematics and statistical
methods to books and other media of communication
• Purposes– to shed light on the processes of the nature
and course of development of a discipline, by means of counting and analyzing the various facets of written communications (Prichard 1969).
When does the cocitation occur?
• When a citing paper cites any work of authors in reference lists
• Ref. of Paper #1 Ref. of Paper #2 Ref. of Paper #3
• Ackoff Ackoff Ackoff • Bonczek Ackoff Ackoff • Bonczek Applegate Blanning
• Blanning Applegate • Blanning Whinston• Blanning • Whinston
Sample Cocitation Matrix Ackoff Applegate Bonczek Blanning
Whinston
• Ackoff • Applegate • Bonczek • Blanning • Whinston
• Ackoff Applegate Bonczek Blanning Whinston• Ackoff • Applegate 1 • Bonczek 1 0 • Blanning 2 0 2 • Whinston 2 1 1 2
Author Cocitation Analysis
• "a set of data gathering, analytical, and graphical display techniques that can be used to produce empirical maps of prominent authors in various areas of scholarship" (McCain 1990)
When does the cocitation occur?
• When a citing paper cites any work of authors in reference lists
• Ref. of Paper #1 Ref. of Paper #2 Ref. of Paper #3
• Ackoff Ackoff Ackoff • Bonczek Ackoff Ackoff • Bonczek Applegate Blanning
• Blanning Applegate • Blanning Whinston• Blanning • Whinston
Can you see the trunk, branches, and the roots of the tree?
ACA: A Tool for Digging Up the Roots, Trunks, Branches
ACA is a tool
• To study of the evolution of an academic discipline.
• to understand how it evolved from the earliest times to the present;
• to identify the continuing lines of research (cumulative research tradition) as a basis of extending other’s research to build the fundamental theories.
Assumptions of ACA
• Bibliographic citations are an acceptable surrogate for the actual influence of various information sources. (McCain 1986).
• the greater the number of times a pair of documents/authors are cited together, the more likely it is that they are related in content.
• the cocitation analysis of a field yields a valid representation of the intellectual structure of the field (Bellardo 1980; McCain 1984; McCain 1990; Smith 1981).
Purposes
• ACA is the principal bibliometric tool to establish relationships among authors in an academic field and thus can identify subspecialties of a field and how closely each subgroup is related to each of the other subgroups.
Overview of the System I developed
Advantages of the System I developed
• First, the system we are introducing here has the capability to access to the non-primary authors of cited references.
• Second, the alternative approach we introduce here can be a more effective tool for identifying the intellectual structure of an academic field accurately.
• Third, the system is a tool for identifying the reference disciplines of a field.
Overview of the ACA Steps
TransposedCocitationFrequency
Matrix
1. Rotated Factor Pattern2. Factor Structure Cor -relation3. Interfactor Correlation
Distance Matrix
ClusterProcedure
MDSProcedure
1. Cluster History2. Dendrogram (Tree Graph)
CoordinateMatrix
2 Dimensional Plot
PLOTProcedure
FACTORProcedure
Xmacro.sasDistnew.sas
annotated 3DScatter
G3DProcedure
BibliographicDatabases
Cocited Author CountGeneration System
RawCocitedAuthorCounts
TransposedCocitationFrequency
Matrix
1. Rotated Factor Pattern2. Factor Structure Cor -relation3. Interfactor Correlation
Distance Matrix
ClusterProcedure
MDSProcedure
1. Cluster History2. Dendrogram (Tree Graph)
CoordinateMatrix
2 Dimensional Plot
PLOTProcedure
FACTORProcedure
Xmacro.sasDistnew.sas
annotated 3DScatter
G3DProcedure
BibliographicDatabases
Cocited Author CountGeneration System
RawCocitedAuthorCounts
Overview of SAS Procedures
A Matrix of Factor Loadings with Eigen
values and communality
Rotated Factor Pattern
computed relative distance
CL1
CL2
CL6
CL4
CL3
CL8
CL9
CL5
CL16
CL7
CL12
CL10
CL110
CL15
CL71
CL13
CL43
CL11
CL33
CL14
CL19
CL30
CL22
CL17
CL23
CL32CL18
Ackoff ChurchmanMason MitroffCyert March SageStabell Newell Simon
Mintzberg Raisinghani Theoret
Slovic Tversky Payne Einhorn Hogarth
Alavi KingW Robey Swanson Ives Lucas Zmud DavisG OlsonM
Huysmans Bariff Lusk Chervany SchroederTodd Remus Benbasat Dexter McIntyre Sharda
Hackathorn Stohr Bennett Alter KeenScott Morton Carlson Anthony Gorry Sprague Naylor Donovan Little Ariav Ginzberg Courtney Sanders McLean Meador Rockart Hogue WatsonH
Basu Dutta Binbasioglu Krishnan Stohr Liang Geoffrion JonesCVKottemann Blanning Dolk MillerLW ElamHenderson Whinston Bonczek Holsapple Turban Watkins
Hayes-Roth DavisRShortliffe Buchanan
Shakun Bui Jarke Jelassi Eom LeeS
Dyer Wallenius ZiontsKeeney Raiffa Malone Konsynski Applegate
Nunamaker Janis Huber DeSanctisGallupe Dickson Jarvenpaaa Gustafson Delbecq Van DeVen
Kull Beauclair Gray LewisF Steeb Johansen Hiltz Turoff KraemerKingJ Kiesler McGuire DubrovskySiegel McGrath Hackman ShawMEPinsonneault RaoVS Zigurs PooleWatsonR
Connolly Valacich JessupVogel Dennis George McGoff Heminger GrowhowskiMartz Stabell LengelBobrow Stefik Lanning
Foster Suchman
Systems Science
Organization Science
Cognitive Science
Implementation
User InterfaceFoundations
ModelManagement
Artificial Intelligence
MCDSS
MCDM GDSS
Artificial Intelligence
Communication
Organization Science
Psychology
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Conclusions
• ACA is a tool for mapping the scholarly landscape of an academic discipline.
• The three main needs for establishing the study of MIS as a coherent academic discipline suggested by Keen ---identification of dependant variables, clarification of reference disciplines and building a cumulative tradition.
• ACA can be used to clarification of reference disciplines and building a cumulative tradition.